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1
Bates, Alister. "Mechanics of airflow in human inhalation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25515.
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The mechanics of airflow in the large airways during inspiration affects important physiological functions such as ventilation, olfaction, heat exchange and mass transfer. The behaviour of the airflow is important not only for healthcare applications including diagnosis, intervention planning and assessment, but for inhalation toxicology. This research aims to further the understanding of human nasal physiology through computational modelling. Specifically, the effects of transient inhalation conditions on flow dynamics and transport were characterised and the changes in flow behaviour in response to certain pathologies quantified. The key findings can be summarised as follows: Firstly, the time scales for airflow in the large airways have been identified and the initial flow patterns revealed. Three phases in the temporal behaviour of the flow were identified (flow initiation, quasi-equilibrium and decay). The duration of each phase differs depending on the quantity of interest. Flow in the nose was characterised as transitional, whilst in parts of the descending airways it is turbulent, particularly in the faster moving regions around the jets which may occur in the pharynx, larynx and at the superior end of the trachea. The bulk of the flow is biased to fill only certain regions of the airways, whilst other regions carry little flow, due to features upstream. Analysis of cross-sectional images provided by medical imaging does not necessarily provide a representative view of the area available to the flow. Various scalar species were employed to represent the fate of nanoparticles and gaseous species within the airways. Only species with high diffusion rates exhibited significant absorption at the airway walls. Airway pathologies often cause changes to the geometry of the airway. One such pathology, the goitre, was found to curve the trachea and in some cases cause constriction. Both these geometric changes were found to increase the pressure loss and energy required to drive flow through the trachea. Furthermore, the flow in pathological cases was more disturbed. High resolution simulations have been used to address these topics and the scales simulated have been analysed in terms of the smallest features possible in the flow to determine their fidelity.
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Napadow, Vitaly J. 1971. "Intramural mechanics in the human tongue." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9595.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-80).
Contraction of the tongue musculature during physiological motions (anterior protrusion, sagittal bending, swallowing) is associated with characteristic patterns of tissue deformation. Coupling knowledge of this tissue deformation with the underlying myoarchitecture offers the ability to explore complex structure-function relationships in the organ. In order to quantify strain in the human tongue, a non-invasive MRI tagging technique was used in combination with a fast asymmetric gradient echo imaging pulse sequence (TurboFLASH). This MRI technique discretize tissue into non-linear deforming elements. Individual elements were defined by selectively supersaturating bands of magnetic spins in resting tongue tissue along the antero-posterior and superiorinferior directions of the mid-sagittal plane, resulting in a rectilinear square grid. Axial and shear strains relative to the rest condition were determined for each element and represented by two-dimensional surface strain maps. Tongue myoarchitecture was studied with diffusion-tensor MRI. A slice select pulsed gradient stimulated echo pulse sequence was applied to derive the spatial diffusion tensor field in the tongue. Tensor eigenvectors and measures of anisotropy were used to derive a virtual anatomical atlas of the bovine tongue. During forward protrusion, the anterior tongue underwent positive antero-posterior strain ( elongation) and symmetrical negative medial-lateral and superiorinferior strain ( contraction). During sagittal bending directed to the hard palate, the tongue exhibited positive asymmetrical antero-posterior strain that increased radially as a function of distance from the center of curvature, with commensurate negative strain in the medial-lateral direction. Similarly, the magnitude of anterior-posterior strain during left-directed tongue bending was proportional to distance from the curved inner surface. The oral stage of the swallow was subdivided into an early accommodative phase, a late accommodative phase and a propulsive phase. For bolus accommodation, strain findings were consistent with contraction of the anteriorly located intrinsic muscles and the posteriorly located genioglossus and hyoglossus muscles. For bolus propulsion, strain findings were consistent with posterior passive stretch in the midline due to contractions of the laterally inserted styloglossus muscle, as well as contraction of posteriorly located intrinsic muscles. In conclusion, regulation of tongue deformation was related to regional activation of intrinsic and/or extrinsic lingual musculature, which was appreciated with 3D diffusion tensor visualization.
by Vitaly J. Napadow.
S.M.
3
Yamashita, Daichi. "The mechanics of human sideways locomotion." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188791.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第18353号
人博第666号
新制||人||160(附属図書館)
25||人博||666(吉田南総合図書館)
31211
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)准教授 神﨑 素樹, 教授 森谷 敏夫, 准教授 久代 恵介, 教授 小田 伸午
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Parsamian, Gagik P. "Damage mechanics of human cortical bone." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2014.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 165 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-165).
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Wake, Amanda Kathleen. "Modeling Fluid Mechanics in Individual Human Carotid Arteries." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7562.
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In the interest of furthering the understanding of hemodynamics, this study has developed a method for modeling fluid mechanics behavior in individual human carotid arteries. A computational model was constructed from magnetic resonance (MR) data of a phantom carotid bifurcation model, and relevant flow conditions were simulated. Results were verified by comparison with previous in vitro experiments. The methodology was extended to create subject-specific carotid artery models from geometry data and fluid flow boundary conditions which were determined from MR and phase contrast MR (PCMR) scans of human subjects. The influence of subject-specific boundary conditions on the flow field was investigated by comparing a model based on measured velocity boundary conditions to a model based on the assumption of idealized velocity boundary conditions.
It is shown that subject-specific velocity boundary conditions in combination with a subject-specific geometry and flow waveform influence fluid flow phenomena associated with plaque development. Comparing a model with idealized Womersley flow boundary conditions to a model with subject-specific velocity boundary conditions demonstrated the importance of employing inlet and flow division data obtained from individual subjects in order to predict accurate, clinically relevant, fluid flow phenomena such as low wall shear stress areas and negative axial velocity regions. This study also illustrates the influence of the bifurcation geometry, especially the flow divider position, with respect to the velocity distribution of the common carotid artery on the development of flow characteristics. Overall it is concluded that accurate geometry and velocity measurements are essential for modeling fluid mechanics in individual human carotid arteries for the purpose of understanding atherosclerosis in the carotid artery bifurcation.
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Di, Netta James Dominick. "The Mechanics and Fixed Operations of Human Experience." UNF Digital Commons, 2016. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/648.
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This paper will use the natural laws of the universe and amassed evidence to support a dynamic systems theory approach to explain the mechanics and fixed operations of the human experience taking place inside a causally determined universe without the possibility of free will. By reductionary methods, the universe and all its’ contents, including human agents, will be exemplified as complex dynamic systems. In so doing, the human experience is reduced to being comprised of information acting and reacting with other information existing in the universe, specifically ideas. Allowing ideas to take on a physical manifestation shows how the feedback of information directly results in the rise of human consciousness and the sensation of control and volition over actions. Thus, the methods and philosophies used in this paper will set out to rebut metaphysical libertarian views asserting alternative possibilities by way of Rollback Arguments and two other libertarian arguments raised by Alfred R. Mele. This paper aims to provide a description and deeper appreciation for the mechanics and fixed operations of the human experience in a universe where free will is nonexistent.
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VINETTI, Giovanni. "Energetics and Mechanics of human breath-hold diving." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Brescia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11379/544099.
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Liu, Cheng-Yun Karen. "Towards a generative model of natural motion /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6851.
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Sayeur, Mathieu. "Mechanical Modeling of Human Platelets Membrane." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32876.
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In an effort to help understand the mechanical properties of human platelets, their deformations were measured using micropipette experiments over an aspiration pressure range of 1-5 cmH2O, in steps of 1 cmH2O. The experiments confirmed the previously reported linear relationship between deformation and pressure. The experimental results were used to determine the material constants of a thin-axisymmetric shell model based on a strain-energy constitutive relation to describe the platelet deformations under aspiration. The model was successful in capturing the experimental deformations. It also suggested that the mechanical properties of human platelets are not significantly influenced by their volumes, but do vary depending on the platelets’ undeformed shape ratios. In addition, the model suggested that platelet membrane ruptures due to micropipette aspiration may be strain-related. The limitations of the experimental methods arising from direct contact with reactive cells such as platelets are highlighted, prompting the need for developing new methods which will not require the use of inhibition agents that alter the platelets’ mechanical properties.
Afin d’approfondir les connaissances des propriétés mécaniques des plaquettes humaines, leurs déformations ont été mesurées lors d’expériences avec des micropipettes pour des pressions d’aspiration de 1-5 cmH2O, par intervalles de 1 cmH2O. Les expériences ont confirmé la relation linéaire entre les déformations et la pression d’aspiration telle que précédemment publié. Les données expérimentales ont été utilisées pour déterminer les constantes matérielles d’un modèle de membrane mince axisymétrique basé sur une loi de comportement caractérisant l’énergie de déformation. Le modèle simule bien les déformations des plaquettes sous aspiration; il suggère également que les propriétés mécaniques des plaquettes humaines ne sont pas influencées significativement leur volume, mais varient en fonction de leurs formes avant déformation. De plus, le modèle suggère que les ruptures de la membrane des plaquettes sous aspiration seraient reliées aux déformations. Les limites des méthodes expérimentales utilisées, du fait du contact direct avec des cellules aussi réactives que les plaquettes sont soulignées, et mettent l’emphase sur le besoin de mettre au point de nouvelles méthodes ne requérant pas d’agents d’inhibitions qui altèrent les propriétés mécaniques des plaquettes.
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Beattie, Deborah Kilpatrick. "The mechanics of heterogeneous arteries : implications for human atherosclerosis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20498.
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Buck, Walter Richard. "A gross anatomical and biomechanical study of the anterior cruciate ligament." Connect to resource, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1239896806.
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Hubbard, Wendy. "Biomechanical assessment of elderly amputees after gait re-education." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 1992. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/157186.
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Length of stay in hospital post-amputation for elderly amputees gait trained using the whole method of re-education at the Queen Elizabeth Geriatric Centre is shorted than is usual in other parts of Australia. There was a need to investigate the gait quality and functional ability of these amputees to asses the adequacy of their post-rebhabilation gait, and to establish a benchmark against which to measure alternative treatment outcomes.
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Olivier, Stephen Chris. "Ethical issues in human movement research." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015402.
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In acknowledging past abuses of humans in research contexts, and recognising the potential for malpractices in Human Movement Studies (HMS), this study evaluated the extent to which ethical issues are addressed in the discipline. The primary method consisted of the standard techniques of philosophic analysis, with empirical data complementing the conclusions. In general, the study contends that insufficient attention is paid to ethical issues in HMS research. In response to a set of specifically constructed, ethically problematic research proposals, only 1.8% of comments from senior researchers advocated rejection of the proposals on ethical grounds. Also, a journal search indicated that consideration of ethical issues in published research may largely be absent. Questionnaire responses revealed that South African HMS departments may be deficient in terms of accountability towards ethical guidelines. Whilst noting the existence of utilitarian ethics in HMS research, it is advocated that deontologic principles should take precedence. Further, only a sound educative effort will produce improvements. In conclusion, this study advocates a deontology-based approach to research ethics. This is consistent with the contention that the use of humans in research is a privilege, and that the rights of participants ought to outweigh the desire of researchers to conduct research.
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Andrada, Emanuel. "A new model of the human trunk mechanics in walking." Ilmenau Univ.-Verl, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:ilm1-2007000262.
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Abbas, Yassen Raad. "Physical factors regulating human trophoblast invasion." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/278699.
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Pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction and stillbirth are major pregnancy disorders throughout the world. The underlying pathogenesis of these diseases is defective placentation characterised by inadequate invasion of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells into the uterine decidua. This invasion is necessary to transform the uterine arteries, ensuring an adequate maternal blood supply into the intervillous space for normal fetal growth and development. The mechanisms that regulate trophoblast invasion remains poorly understood, but it is known to be influenced by a number of factors in the uterine environment. These include interactions with maternal immune cells as well as cytokines and the products from the uterine glands. In this thesis, physical factors, specifically, tissue stiffness and oxygen are studied as regulators of trophoblast invasion. The mechanical environment is known to regulate cell fate and the migratory behaviour of cells. Despite invasion of EVT cells through decidual tissue rich in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, there has been no study investigating how tissue stiffness might regulate EVT invasion. Oxygen has also long been investigated as a regulator for trophoblast invasion, but evidence is conflicting on whether low oxygen promotes or inhibits invasion. This is in part because of the wide variation in methods used and the over-reliance on trophoblast cell lines. To examine the effects of tissue stiffness and oxygen tension, a robust in vitro method to examine the motility and migration of primary EVT cells in three-dimensions (3D) was first established. This system offers significant benefits compared with two-dimensional (2D) systems used previously. Importantly, only cells expressing the HLAG antigen, a marker for the extravillous phenotype are analysed. The stiffness of decidual tissues at the maternal-fetal interface was determined using atomic force microscopy. In patient matched samples, a 3-4 fold increase in stiffness was found where the placenta implants into the decidua, compared to where there is no implantation. Migration of single EVT cells under different matrix stiffness and oxygen concentrations in 3D were investigated. To determine whether EVT migration is directed, a microfluidic system was established, which models the oxygen gradient at the maternal-fetal interface in the first trimester of pregnancy. This system is simple and economical to setup, and permits analysis of the migration dynamics of trophoblast cells in 3D and in real-time under different oxygen concentrations. In conclusion, the change in stiffness at the site of implantation, is further evidence of the dramatic change that occurs in the uterine wall during pregnancy. A microfluidic system to study whether primary EVT cell invasion is directed under oxygen gradients was developed.
16
Collins, Margaret 1955. "The acute effects of intense interval training on running mechanics /." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28263.
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The purposes of this study were to determine (1) how running kinematics varied across two different speeds (200 and 268m/min), (2) to what degree intense interval training sessions affected running mechanics and (3) whether these changes correlated to changes in running economy (RE). Eleven highly trained male endurance athletes (average VO2max = 72.5 +/- 4.3 ml/kg/min) performed three intense interval running workouts of 10 x 400m at an average running velocity of 357.9 +/- 9.0 m/min, with a minimum of 4 days between runs. Recovery duration between trials was randomly assigned at 60s, 120s, and 180s. The following biomechanical variables were used to assess running kinematics during the last 3 minutes prior to and following each workout at speeds of 200 and 268m/min: maximum knee flexion in support (KFLEX), minimum knee velocity during stance (KVEL), maximum plantar flexion angle at toe-off (PFLEX), shank angle at heel strike (SANG), mean trunk angle during stride cycle (TANG), mean vertical oscillation of center of mass (VOSC), and stride cycle length (SL). Results of this study affirmed our hypothesis that speed significantly impacts on some kinematic variables (KVEL, SANG, SL), and to a degree has shown that pre and post test and recovery conditions creating a fatigued state altered 2 of the kinematic variables (KVEL and VOSC). However, none of the other kinematic variables measured were altered by speed or fatigue in any substantial way, nor were there any clear correlations between changes in running economy and mechanics. Whether the significant kinematic changes that occurred reflect adaptations to fatigue, rather than a failure to compensate for it, is not clear. The interrelationship between metabolic and biomechanical markers of training and performance appears to be complex and somewhat individualistic.
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Pagulayan, Ralindo M. "Determining the human ability to judge inertia during a dynamic pushing task." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07212009-040421/.
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Manuel, Stephanie Renee Grissett. "An investigation of nonslotted versus slotted side plates in thefixation of intertrochanteric fractures." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16067.
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Dickey, James Patrick. "Anatomy and mechanics of the human and porcine lumbar interspinous ligament." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0008/NQ31923.pdf.
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Kwok, Wai-lun, and 郭偉麟. "A real-time surface EMG topographic system for lumbar muscular function detection." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49617965.
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Surface electromyography (SEMG) has been widely used in functional measurement of lumbar muscles, which can be applied for low back pain (LBP) rehabilitation assessment. Previous study has reported the application of SEMG topographic analysis for obtaining an objective and quantitative assessment of LBP. However, the previous SEMG topographic analysis was performed manually and offlined, which was time consuming and with big inter-observer variations. This will limit the use of this technique for practical assessment of LBP and rehabilitation. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis are to design and develop an automatic and online SEMG topographic analysis system, and to verify its potential uses in clinical tests.
Current problems in the process of SEMG topographic analysis include noise removal and signal segment. The recording of SEMG on lumbar area is usually contaminated with a lot of noises, while electrocardiography (ECG) is a main source of influences to mislead the characteristics of SEMG. Previous study proved the use of independent components analysis (ICA) to be a useful tool to eliminate ECG from raw SEMG signals, but it was not implemented in current available SEMG system. The second problem is the automatic identification of SEMG signals in different motion phases, i.e. trunk flexion and extension during forward-bending motion. To achieve an automatic and online SEMG topographic analysis, the present study will develop the system with three unique functional components: 1) an automated feature cognition and identification for ECG artifact removal, 2) an automatic segmentation algorithm for signal processing, and 3) a quantitative analysis of SEMG topographic characteristics.
Four topographic parameters, namely relative area (RA), relative width (RW), relative height (RH) and relative width-to-relative height (W/H), are employed for quantifying the characteristics of SEMG topograph. A clinical test, enlisting twenty healthy subjects and forty-one LBP patients, was conducted to verify the functionality and reliability of the developed system based on these four parameters. In addition, the dynamic variation of these four topographic parameters with respect to time was also studied by asking the subjects to perform forward-bending movements.
Results showed that the developed system is highly reliable. From the results, it was also found that the time-based changing patterns of the four topographic parameters in healthy subjects can be used as a reference indicator for distinguishing between normal subjects and LBP patients.
The applicability of the developed system was further verified and demonstrated by studying the effect of wearing soft lumbar corsets (SLCs) on low back neuromuscular function in elderly patients with acute LBP.
In conclusion, the developed real-time SEMG topographic analysis system can be used for detecting lumbar muscle function and producing quantitative assessment results for various rehabilitation applications.published_or_final_version
Mechanical Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Selim, Gamal Mohamed. "Modeling, control and simulation of human upper extremities /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487264603215845.
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Gadelha, Hermes. "Mathematical modelling of human sperm motility." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:34a11669-5d14-470b-b10b-361cf3688a30.
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The propulsion mechanics driving the movement of living cells constitutes one of the most incredible engineering works of nature. Active cell motility via the controlled movement of a flagellum beating is among the phylogentically oldest forms of motility, and has been retained in higher level organisms for spermatozoa transport. Despite this ubiquity and importance, the details of how each structural component within the flagellum is orchestrated to generate bending waves, or even the elastic material response from the sperm flagellum, is far from fully understood. By using microbiomechanical modelling and simulation, we develop bio-inspired mathematical models to allow the exploration of sperm motility and the material response of the sperm flagellum. We successfully construct a simple biomathematical model for the human sperm movement by taking into account the sperm cell and its interaction with surrounding fluid, through resistive-force theory, in addition to the geometrically non-linear response of the flagellum elastic structure. When the surrounding fluid is viscous enough, the model predicts that the sperm flagellum may buckle, leading to profound changes in both the waveforms and the swimming cell trajectories. Furthermore, we show that the tapering of the ultrastructural components found in mammalian spermatozoa is essential for sperm migration in high viscosity medium. By reinforcing the flagellum in regions where high tension is expected this flagellar accessory complex is able to prevent tension-driven elastic instabilities that compromise the spermatozoa progressive motility. We equally construct a mathematical model to describe the structural effect of passive link proteins found in flagellar axonemes, providing, for the first time, an explicit mathematical demonstration of the counterbend phenomenon as a generic property of the axoneme, or any cross-linked filament bundle. Furthermore, we analyse the differences between the elastic cross-link shear and pure material shear resistance. We show that pure material shearing effects from Cosserat rod theory or, equivalently, Timoshenko beam theory or are fundamentally different from elastic cross-link induced shear found in filament bundles, such as the axoneme. Finally, we demonstrate that mechanics and modelling can be utilised to evaluate bulk material properties, such as bending stiffness, shear modulus and interfilament sliding resistance from flagellar axonemes its constituent elements, such as microtubules.
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Butler, Robert John. "Interaction of arch type and footwear on running mechanics." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.84 Mb, 170 p, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3181856.
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Leardini, Alberto. "Geometry and mechanics of the human ankle complex, and ankle prosthesis design." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343530.
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King, Christopher David S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A coupled contact-mechanics computational model for studying deformable human-artifact contact." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118672.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 199-205).
Gas-pressurized spacesuits are necessary for human spaceflight, most notably for extravehicular activity (EVA). Legacy EVA suits have been primarily rigid, and operation in such suits can result in significant metabolic expense, or even injury, for the wearer. To reduce these effects, modern spacesuits are more flexible, through the incorporation of more softgood materials and specially designed joint interfaces such as hip bearings. However, modeling the effects of human-suit interaction for these softgood materials is challenging due to the highly deformable nature of the suit coupled with the deformable nature of the human. To enable improved analysis and design of modern spacesuits, a computational model that can resolve the structural deformations of the suit and human resulting from contact interactions is developed. This thesis details the development and validation of a coupled contact-mechanics solver architecture for use in studying the effects of human-artifact interaction, particularly with respect to pressurized softgood exosuit design. To resolve contact and structural mechanics interactions for a deformable human and artifact, a finite element model is developed. First, the SUMMIT computational framework is employed for resolving the structural deformations of the system, and is coupled to an explicit contact mechanics scheme. The explicit contact scheme is implemented so as to resolve both external- and self-contact problems. Next, the model architecture is integrated to enable parallelization of both the structural deformation and contact systems, and computational scaling investigated. A computational trade study is performed to benchmark the coupled contact-mechanics method against a simpler rigid body model employing a penalty method. Following this, the model is validated against experimental data for various artifact contact problems. The explicit coupled contact-mechanics model is found to effectively capture contact interactions of the experimental data, with improved fidelity for deformable contact interactions. With careful tuning of the system properties, the coupled contact-mechanics model enables an architecture for an integrated human-suit analysis and design model.
by Christopher David King.
S.M.
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Johnson, Douglas L. "Power output prediction determined from vertical jump and reach test for male and female university athletes." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/917037.
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The purpose of this study was to devise a simple mechanical power formula for both peak and average power using a countermovement jump and reach test for both college male and female athletes. Forty-nine female and 69 male athletes were measured for height, weight, thigh circumference, thigh skinfold, upper leg length, and lower leg length. The athletes performed a countermovement jump and reach test off of a force platform. A Vertec jumping apparatus was used to measure vertical jump height and the force platform was used to acquire force/time data to determine actual peak and average power output. Eight anthropometric measurements, vertical jump height, and gender were the variables presented to develop the equations. A stepwise multiple regression statistical procedure was used to develop the prediction equations. Vertical jump height, mass, and body height were the significant (p<.05) variables loaded into both peak and average mechanical power prediction equations. Gender was not significant (p>.05) and, therefore, not loaded into either equation. Predicted peak power and actual peak power values were 4,707 t 1,511 and 4,687 ± 1,612 watts, respectively. Predicted averagepower and actual average power values were 2,547 ± 760 and 2,463 ± 753 watts, respectively. The following best model regression-derived equations produced R2 values of .91 for peak power and .82 for average power:Peak Power (W) = 78.47 • VJ (cm) + 60.57 • Mass (kg) - 15.31 • Ht (cm) - 1,308 Average Power (W) = 41.41 • VJ (cm) + 31.18 • Mass (kg) - 13.86 • Ht (cm) + 431 Results of this study conclude that the two regression equations are good predictors of peak and average mechanical power output.School of Physical Education
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Colaciti, Larissa Delmont. "Influências das posturas abertas e fechadas no equilíbrio estático e na autoestima /." Bauru, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136408.
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Orientador: Sandro CaramaschiBanca: Fausto Orsi Medola
Banca: Sergio Tosi Rodrigues
Resumo: A postura corporal é um dos indícios mais relevantes que a comunicação não verbal exerce no ser humano, podendo revelar até mesmo estados emocionais. As posturas abertas ou expansivas, com cabeça erguida e membros em extensão sugerem dominância, autoridades e poder sobre uma situação; e as posturas fechadas ou retraídas, com cabeça baixa e membros em flexão suscitam sentimentos mais depressivos, inseguros e negativos. Esta pesquisa tem objetivo tem o objetivo de verificar a influência das posturas abertas e fechadas sobre o equilíbrio estático, a autoestima, a frequência cardíaca e a saturação de oxigênio. Participaram 40 universitários, média de idade 21,25 anos, que realizaram as posturas abertas (dois minutos), aferiram a frequência cardíaca e a saturação de oxigênio, subiram na plataforma de força para verificar o equilíbrio estático, e responderam o escala de autoestima de Rosenberg, depois permaneciam em posturas fechadas (dois minutos) e realizaram as mesmas tarefas descritas. Os resultados mostraram que as posturas abertas e fechadas afetaram significatiamente a autoestima, a frequência cardíaca e o equilíbrio estático, sendo que, os participantes realizando as posturas abertas tiveram maior escore na autoestima, na frequência cardíaca e também melhoraram a estabilidade postural nas variáveis, área de deslocamento total do centro de pressão. Realizando-se as posturas fechadas diminuíram o escore da autoestima, da frequência cardíaca e menor estabilidade postural
Abstract: The body posture is one of the most important evidence that non-communication exercises is humans may reveal even emotional states. Open or expansive postures, with raised head and limbs in extension suggests dominance, authority and power over a situation; and postures closed or retracted, with head and limbs in flexion raise more derpressive, insecure and negative feelings. This research aims to investigate the influence of the open and closed position on the static balance, self-esteem, heart rate and oxygen saturation. Attendent by 40 students, average age 21 25 years, who underwent open positions (two minutes), measured that heart rate and oxygen saturation, they were up on the force platform to check the static equibilibrium, and responded to the sef-esteem scale Rosenberg. then remained in closed postions (two minutes) and performed the same tasks describes. The results showed that the open and closed positions significantly affected the self-esteem, heart rate and static balance, with the participants holdings open positions had higher scores on self-esteem, heart rate and also improve postural stability in variable area and total displacement of the center of pressure. By performing the closed postures decreased the score of self-esteem, heart rate and less postural stability
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Williams, Deirdre Mary. "The effect of the auditory efferents on acoustic distortion products in human subjects." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240554.
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Custer, Erica M. "Cortical Bone Mechanics Technology and Quasi-static Mechanical Testing Sensitivity to Bone Collagen Degradation." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1556281791006274.
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Gribble, Paul L. "Empirical and modeling studies of multi-joint limb movement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0021/NQ55337.pdf.
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Lametti, Daniel R. "On the control of movement variability through the regulation of limb impedance." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101860.
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Humans routinely make movements to targets that have different accuracy requirements in different directions. Examples extend from everyday occurrences such as grasping the handle of a coffee cup to the more refined instance of a surgeon positioning a scalpel. The attainment of accuracy in situations such as these might rest upon the nervous system's capacity to regulate the limb's resistance to displacement, or impedance. To test this idea, subjects made movements from random starting locations to targets that had shape dependant accuracy requirements. A robotic device was used to assess both limb impedance and patterns of movement variability just as the subject reached the target. Impedance was seen to increase in directions where required accuracy was high. Furthermore, independent of target shape patterns of limb stiffness were seen to predict spatial patterns of movement variability. The nervous system was thus seen to modulate limb impedance in wholly predictable environments to shape movement variability and achieve reaching accuracy.
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Sveistrup, Heidi. "A kinematic analysis of movement patterns during perturbated and non-perturbated landings /." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61770.
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Bracken, Matthew. "Relative Phase Analysis of Lower Extremity Kinematics Among Subjects with Chronic Ankle Instability." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1241209584.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2009.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Masters of Science degree in Exercise Science." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 66-67.
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Chapman, Dale W. "The effect of eccentric exercise velocity on selected measures of muscle function and soreness of the Human elbow flexors in untrained males and females." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1485.
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Eccentric contractions, where a muscle is repeatedly lengthened while generating torque, result in decreased muscle function and muscle soreness. This study was designed to determine whether there was a difference in muscle response of the elbow flexors from untrained subjects (n = 12) between a bout of high intensity eccentric exercise at 30°•s-1 (LVE) compared to the equivalent at 210°•s-1 (HVE). Subjects performed 120 seconds of eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors using a Cybex 6000 Isokinetic Dynamometer. At 30°-s-1, a total of 30 repetitions were required whilst at 210°•s-1, 210 contractions were performed (at a 1:7 work/rest ratio). Both exercise bouts resulted in significant decrements in isometric and dynamic strength measures (p
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Van, Hirtum Annemie. "Moderate Reynolds number flow. Application to the human upper airways." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747213.
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The study of fluid flow is an amasingly ordinary as well as fascinating subject. During the past few years I had the opportunity to work as a researcher in the field of fluid flow modelling applied to airflow through the human upper airways and related phenomena such as speech production, . . . The current document is a brief report on the research to which I participated aiming a small contribution to this rich and stimulating research area.
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LeCorrney, Adam. "Choosing mechanics in gamification: what keeps a less experienced player motivated?" Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171948.
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This thesis takes off in a problem with a game mechanic in a game called OfficeGame. There is a desire to replace this particular mechanic with something else, and this thesis suggests a couple of potential replacements. These concepts of mechanics are derived from the results of a survey, and are further tested in a number of user tests. The conclusions could be summarized as that the two new concepts are not more motivational in themselves. But if one would like to change the original mechanic, it could be by making it more difficult, adding other values than just virtual, and making a stronger connection to health.
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Allen, Brett. "Learning body shape models from real-world data /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6969.
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Marais, Ronel. "Physiological changes associated with lateral movement training of netball players." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51874.
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Thesis (MMBK.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of a six-week lateral movement training programme on selected physiological variables in netball players. Calf and thigh girth measurements, mass, body fat percentage, lateral agility, lateral flexibility, dynamic balance, heart rate and isokinetic concentric and eccentric quadriceps, hamstring, abductor and adductor muscle strength, were measured. A pre-recorded, six-week slide board training programme was followed in order to: increase calf and thigh girth measurements, decrease mass, decrease body fat percentage, increase lateral agility, increase lateral flexibility, better dynamic balance, meet the prescribed guidelines in terms of heart rate and increase the isokinetic muscle strength. The subjects (n=23) were between the ages of 18-23 years. They either played netball for the 1st or 2nd netball teams of the Maties Netball Club, or for the 1st or 2nd netball teams of the residence Nerina. They entered the study voluntarily. All of the subjects participated in the pre- and posttests. Fourteen subjects completed the six-week lateral movement training programme. Various significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the pre- and post-test measurements: a significant decrease in body fat percentage, an increase in lateral agility, a decrease in mass, an increase in dynamic balance, an increase in concentric and eccentric abductor and adductor muscle strength, as well as an appropriate aerobic heart rate response. It was concluded that the lateral movement training programme proved to be beneficial to netball players at any level of fitness and participation. The programme provided an excellent aerobic workout, with either improvement or maintenance of the selected variables.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die invloed van In ses-weeklange laterale bewegingsoefenprogram op geselekteerde fisiologiese veranderlikes in netbal speelsters. Kuit- en bobeenomtrekmates, massa, liggaamsvetpersentasie, laterale ratsheid, laterale lenigheid, dinamiese balans, harttempo en isokinetiese konsentriese en eksentriese quadriceps-, hampeus-, abduktor- en adduktorspierkrag, is gemeet. In Vooraf opgestelde, ses-weeklange laterale oefenprogram is gevolg om: die kuit- en bobeenomtrekmates te vergroot, die massa te verminder, die liggaamsvetpersentasie te verlaag, die verbetering van laterale ratsheid, laterale lenigheid en dinamiese balans te bewerkstellig, die voorgestelde riglyne in terme van harttempo te handhaaf en om isokinetiese spierkrag te vermeerder. Die proefpersone (n=23) was tussen 18-23 jaar oud. Die proefpersone het óf vir die 1ste of 2de netbalspanne van die Maties Netbalklub gespeel, óf vir die 1ste of 2de netbal spanne van die koshuis Nerina. Hulle deelname was volkome vrywillig. Al die proefpersone het aan die pre- en post-toetse deelgeneem. Veertien proefpersone het die ses-weeklange laterale bewegingsoefenprogram voltooi. Verskeie beduidende verskille (p < 0.05) tussen die pre- en post-toetse is gevind: 'n beduidende afname in liggaamsvetpersentasie, In toename in laterale ratsheid, In afname in massa, In toename in dinamiese balans, In toename in konsentriese en eksentriese abduktor- en adduktorspierkrag, asook In ooreenstemmende harttempo reaksie. Daar is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die laterale bewegingsoefenprogram tot voordeel strek van netbalspeelsters op enige vlak van fiksheid en deelname. Die program bied In goeie aërobiese komponent met óf die verbetering, óf die handhawing van die geselekteerde veranderlikes.
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Candelaria, Norma G. "The acute effect of treadmill running on overground running mechanics in a barefoot condition." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Canales, Daniel. "A Kinematic Comparison Between Greater-and Lesser-Skilled Powerlifters Doing the Traditional Style Deadlift." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500915/.
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Comparison kinematic models of the traditional style deadlift are presented. Data was obtained through film and analyzed via computer and computer graphics. The comparison between the models revealed that the greater-skilled: 1. used less trunk flexion from the instant of initial trunk lean to the instant of maximum trunk lean, 2. used less knee extension (in same time interval as 1), and 3. demonstrated a smaller horizontal distance between the body center of mass (CM) and the CM of the bar at the instant the bar left the platform. A trend was also observed in which the greater-skilled subjects demonstrated less thoracic lean than the lesser-skilled group at the time the bar reached knee level.
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Andrada, Emanuel [Verfasser]. "A new model of the human trunk mechanics in walking / von Emanuel Andrada." Ilmenau : Univ.-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/987953591/34.
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MOORHEAD, ALEX PATTEN. "THE DAMPED OSCILLATIONS OF PASSIVE LIMBS AND THEIR ROLE IN HUMAN LOCOMOTION MECHANICS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/605781.
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The mechanics of locomotion classically take into account the work done by muscle force to raise and accelerate the body center of mass and to accelerate limbs with respect to it at each step. This last component, named Internal Work (W_INT), considers only the cost to overcome segment inertia, inherently assuming frictionless joints. Thus, the unavoidable damping opposing segmental oscillation due to anatomical structures within or around the pivoting centers has never been measured so far.
The frictional coefficient (b, N.m.s.rad-1) of such a biological rotational damper has been here assessed by sampling the time course of passive oscillation (with respect to the vertical axis) of upper and lower limbs and by analyzing its motion. This experiment (straight pendulum) was performed to assess joint energy dissipation during the swing phase of locomotion. A custom mathematical model, leading to a 2nd Order Non-Linear Ordinary Differential Equation, allowed to infer b values for upper (bUU = 0.39 ± 0.08) and lower (bUL = 2.24 ± 0.56 N.m.s.rad-1) limbs in 16 healthy males. Phase planes ensured that no muscle activity was involved. In the same population, the passive swing of a lower limb, behaving as an inverted pendulum after a push (body upside-down), was also sampled while loading the leg as to replicate the compressive stress to which the hip joint is exposed during stance phase. Loads ranged from 0 N (mass of leg only) to 118 N. Damper values (b) for the inverted swing of a loaded lower limb increased with the load and ranged from 4.89 ± 1.29 to 8.92 ± 1.74 N.m.s.rad-1.
The influence on locomotion mechanics has been here evaluated. In walking, for instance, each step includes 3 'passively' swinging, unloaded segments (2 upper limbs and the swinging lower limb with joints under tensile stress) and 1 'actively' oscillating, almost fully loaded segment (stance lower limb, joint under compressive stress). The actual experimental results have been combined to provide an estimate of the internal mechanical work due to tissue and joint damping. In walking that is comparable (and should be added) to the estimate obtained by means of a kinematics-based model (Minetti, 1998) and experimental data from the literature of the traditional ‘kinematic’ W_INT. In the discussion, the potential overestimation and underestimation of those two types of internal work are presented, together with the implications of the presented additional work (and its metabolic equivalent) to the energy balance and efficiency of human locomotion.
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Katz, Edward A. "Biomechanical Assessment of Parkinson's Disease." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/83.
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Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurological disorder affecting hundreds of thousands of Americans. The current best practice for assessment of this disease is a clinical examination and subjective rating using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Such ratings are coarse scaled, subject to rater bias, and costly. Instruments which provide objective measurements of disease state can eliminate rater bias, provide repeatable data, and increase the frequency and responsiveness of subject assessments, expediting the validation of new therapies and treatments. This thesis describes the design and implementation of a battery of bio-mechanical devices suitable for clinical and in home use, including descriptions of the instruments and the functionality of the data acquisition software, as well as the overall system used for data collection. A data analysis algorithm is fully described, and descriptive statistics of pilot data from twenty two subjects are reported. These statistics show promising correlations of time duration metrics with the motor subsection of the UPDRS, as well as good responsiveness to dopaminergic intervention. Data also suggests that these devices have an advantage over previously described devices in the ability to record the full range of motion in standard assessment tasks, thereby providing additional metrics related to hesitations and halts in prescribed movements.
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Hakl, Henry. "Computer-controlled human body coordination." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49756.
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Thesis (MSc) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A need for intelligent robotic machines is identified. Research and experiments have focussed on stable, or relatively stable, dynamic simulated systems to demonstrate the feasibility of embedding advanced AI into dynamic physical systems. This thesis presents an attempt to scale the techniques to a dynamically highly unstable system - the coordination of movements in a humanoid model. Environmental simulation, articulated systems and artificial intelligence methods are identified as three essential layers for a complete and unified approach to embedding AI into robotic machinery. The history of the physics subsystem for this project is discussed, leading to the adoption of the Open Dynamics Engine as the physics simulator of choice. An approach to articulated systems is presented along with the EBNF of a hierarchical articulated system that was used to describe the model. A revised form of evolution is presented and justified. An AI model that makes use of this new evolutionary paradigm is introduced. A variety of AI variants are defined and simulated. The results of these simulations are presented and analysed. Based on these results recommendations for future work are made.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die beheer van dinamiese masjiene, soos intelligente robotte, is tans beperk tot fisies stabilie - of relatief stabiele - sisteme. In hierdie tesis word die tegnieke van kunsmatige intelligensie (KI) toegepas op die kontrole en beheer van 'n dinamies hoogs onstabiele sisteem: 'n Humanoïede model. Fisiese simulasie, geartikuleerde sisteme en kunmatige intelligensie metodes word geïdentifiseer as drie noodsaaklike vereistes vir 'n volledige en eenvormige benadering tot KI beheer in robotte. Die implementasie van 'n fisiese simulator word beskryf, en 'n motivering vir die gebruik van die sogenaamde "Open Dynamics Engine" as fisiese simulator word gegee. 'n Benadering tot geartikuleerde sisteme word beskryf, tesame met die EBNF van 'n hierargiese geartikuleerde sisteem wat gebruik is om die model te beskryf. 'n Nuwe interpretasie vir evolusie word voorgestel, wat die basis vorm van 'n KI model wat in die tesis gebruik word. 'n Verskeidenheid van KI variasies word gedefineer en gesimuleer, en die resultate word beskryf en ontleed. Voorstelle vir verdere navorsing word gemaak.
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Long, Benjamin L. DeVita Paul 1955. "Muscle work discrepancy during incline and decline running at three speeds." [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/1863.
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Thesis (M.S.)--East Carolina University, 2009.Presented to the faculty of the Department of Exercise and Sport Science. Advisor: Paul DeVita. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed May 4, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.
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Anderson, Frank Clayton. "A dynamic optimization solution for a complete cycle of normal gait /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Wooten, Wayne L. "Simulation of leaping, tumbling, landing, and balancing humans." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17370.
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Chaturvedi, Vineet. "Mechanical Testing and Modeling of the Human Index Finger Distal Pad." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1429272206.
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McFaull, Steven R. "Measurement and statistical analysis of the passive viscoelastic properties of the human knee joint during flexion and extension motion." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6922.
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The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the net passive elastic joint moment and the angular damping coefficient of the human knee joint in full range flexion-extension. A secondary purpose was to develop regression equations to predict the measured passive properties from anthropometric data. The passive elastic moments increased exponentially as the limits of either flexion or extension were approached. The midrange of joint motion was a low moment (5 N$\cdot$m), low stiffness region. Considerable variability in the magnitudes of the passive elastic moments existed across subjects. At 140$\sp\circ$ of flexion, between about 5 N$\cdot$m and 86 N$\cdot$m was measured while the range at full extension (0$\sp\circ$) was about 6 N$\cdot$m to 22 N$\cdot$m. The angular damping coefficient was a nonlinear function (approximately quadratic) of the knee joint angle. The variability was not quite as high compared to the elastic component. Application of the data to the late swing phase of walking indicated that, for some subjects, the passive moments may contribute (or oppose) significantly to the net joint moment. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Beheshti, Zahra. "Effect of imposed auditory rhythms on human interlimb coordination /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1990. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10944060.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University.Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Joseph R. Higgins. Dissertation Committee: Ronald E. De Meersman. Includes bibliographical references: (leaves 124-155).