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Sakai, Nobuo, Yoshinori Sawae, and Teruo Murakami. "A Development of Joint Mechanism of Robot Arm Based on Human Shoulder Morphology(Musculo-Skeletal Mechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.151.
Edwards, J. C. W. "Mechanics of Human Joints." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 52, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.52.8.556-a.
Farley, C. T., R. Blickhan, T. A. McMahon, and C. R. Taylor. "Mechanics of human hopping." Journal of Biomechanics 20, no. 9 (January 1987): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(87)90175-8.
Noguchi, Tetsuo, and Tsutomu Ezumi. "Study of an Inclusion in the Human Body(Soft Tissue Mechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.193.
Coirault, C., B. Riou, N. Pery-Man, I. Suard, and Y. Lecarpentier. "Mechanics of human quadriceps muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 1769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.4.1769.
Mechanics of human quadriceps muscle strips (vastus lateralis; n = 10) were investigated over the whole load continuum. Mechanical experiments were performed at 29 degrees C and in both twitch and tetanus modes. For a given level of isotonic total load (P) and over a large part of the contraction phase, instantaneous velocity (V) was shown to be a unique function of instantaneous length (L), regardless of time and initial length. By considering this time- and initial length-independent mechanical property between instantaneous L and instantaneous V over the whole P continuum, a three-dimensional P-V-L relationship was constructed. Any variations in stimulation conditions modified the time-independent P-V-L diagram. Such modifications in the P-V-L relationship were characteristics of changes in contractile performance. Moreover, characteristics of the P-V relationship were investigated in both twitch and tetanus modes. The curvature of the P-V hyperbola was significantly higher in tetanus at 30 Hz than in twitch mode (P < 0.001). In conclusion, our study indicates that, in human quadriceps muscles, contractility can be defined as the time- and initial length-invariant part of a three-dimensional P-V-L relationship. Moreover, our data are consistent with an increase in economy of force generation in tetanus contractions compared with that in twitches.
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Duckworth, Angela L., Johannes C. Eichstaedt, and Lyle H. Ungar. "The Mechanics of Human Achievement." Social and Personality Psychology Compass 9, no. 7 (July 2015): 359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12178.
Respiratory mechanics is a difficult topic for instructors and students alike. Existing respiratory mechanics models are limited in their abilities to demonstrate any effects of rib cage movement on alveolar and intrapleural pressures. We developed a model that can be used in both large and small classroom settings. This model contains digital pressure displays and computer integration for real-time demonstration of pressure changes that correspond to the different phases of breathing. Moving the simulated diaphragm and rib cage causes a volume change that results in pressure changes visible on the digital sensors and computer display. Device testing confirmed the model's ability to accurately demonstrate pressure changes in proportion to physiological values. Classroom testing in 427 surveyed students showed improved understanding of respiratory concepts ( P < 0.05). We conclude that our respiratory mechanics model is a valuable instructional tool and provide detailed instructions for those who would like to create their own.
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Lejeune, T. M., P. A. Willems, and N. C. Heglund. "Mechanics and energetics of human locomotion on sand." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 13 (July 1, 1998): 2071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.13.2071.
Moving about in nature often involves walking or running on a soft yielding substratum such as sand, which has a profound effect on the mechanics and energetics of locomotion. Force platform and cinematographic analyses were used to determine the mechanical work performed by human subjects during walking and running on sand and on a hard surface. Oxygen consumption was used to determine the energetic cost of walking and running under the same conditions. Walking on sand requires 1.6-2.5 times more mechanical work than does walking on a hard surface at the same speed. In contrast, running on sand requires only 1.15 times more mechanical work than does running on a hard surface at the same speed. Walking on sand requires 2.1-2.7 times more energy expenditure than does walking on a hard surface at the same speed; while running on sand requires 1.6 times more energy expenditure than does running on a hard surface. The increase in energy cost is due primarily to two effects: the mechanical work done on the sand, and a decrease in the efficiency of positive work done by the muscles and tendons.
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Kuck, Lennart, Jason N. Peart, and Michael J. Simmonds. "Active modulation of human erythrocyte mechanics." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 319, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): C250—C257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00210.2020.
The classic view of the red blood cell (RBC) presents a biologically inert cell that upon maturation has limited capacity to alter its physical properties. This view developed largely because of the absence of translational machinery and inability to synthesize or repair proteins in circulating RBC. Recent developments have challenged this perspective, in light of observations supporting the importance of posttranslational modifications and greater understanding of ion movement in these cells, that each regulate a myriad of cellular properties. There is thus now sufficient evidence to induce a step change in understanding of RBC: rather than passively responding to the surrounding environment, these cells have the capacity to actively regulate their physical properties and thus alter flow behavior of blood. Specific evidence supports that the physical and rheological properties of RBC are subject to active modulation, primarily by the second-messenger molecules nitric oxide (NO) and calcium-ions (Ca2+). Furthermore, an isoform of nitric oxide synthase is expressed in RBC (RBC-NOS), which has been recently demonstrated to have an active role in regulating the physical properties of RBC. Mechanical stimulation of the cell membrane activates RBC-NOS, leading to NO generation, which has several intracellular effects, including the S-nitrosylation of integral membrane components. Intracellular concentration of Ca2+ is increased upon mechanical stimulation via the recently identified mechanosensitive cation channel piezo1. Increased intracellular Ca2+ modifies the physical properties of RBC by regulating cell volume and potentially altering several important intracellular proteins. A synthesis of recent advances in understanding of molecular processes within RBC thus challenges the classic view of these cells and rather indicates a highly active cell with self-regulated mechanical properties.
The mechanics of airflow in the large airways during inspiration affects important physiological functions such as ventilation, olfaction, heat exchange and mass transfer. The behaviour of the airflow is important not only for healthcare applications including diagnosis, intervention planning and assessment, but for inhalation toxicology. This research aims to further the understanding of human nasal physiology through computational modelling. Specifically, the effects of transient inhalation conditions on flow dynamics and transport were characterised and the changes in flow behaviour in response to certain pathologies quantified. The key findings can be summarised as follows: Firstly, the time scales for airflow in the large airways have been identified and the initial flow patterns revealed. Three phases in the temporal behaviour of the flow were identified (flow initiation, quasi-equilibrium and decay). The duration of each phase differs depending on the quantity of interest. Flow in the nose was characterised as transitional, whilst in parts of the descending airways it is turbulent, particularly in the faster moving regions around the jets which may occur in the pharynx, larynx and at the superior end of the trachea. The bulk of the flow is biased to fill only certain regions of the airways, whilst other regions carry little flow, due to features upstream. Analysis of cross-sectional images provided by medical imaging does not necessarily provide a representative view of the area available to the flow. Various scalar species were employed to represent the fate of nanoparticles and gaseous species within the airways. Only species with high diffusion rates exhibited significant absorption at the airway walls. Airway pathologies often cause changes to the geometry of the airway. One such pathology, the goitre, was found to curve the trachea and in some cases cause constriction. Both these geometric changes were found to increase the pressure loss and energy required to drive flow through the trachea. Furthermore, the flow in pathological cases was more disturbed. High resolution simulations have been used to address these topics and the scales simulated have been analysed in terms of the smallest features possible in the flow to determine their fidelity.
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Napadow, Vitaly J. 1971. "Intramural mechanics in the human tongue." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9595.
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1998. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-80). Contraction of the tongue musculature during physiological motions (anterior protrusion, sagittal bending, swallowing) is associated with characteristic patterns of tissue deformation. Coupling knowledge of this tissue deformation with the underlying myoarchitecture offers the ability to explore complex structure-function relationships in the organ. In order to quantify strain in the human tongue, a non-invasive MRI tagging technique was used in combination with a fast asymmetric gradient echo imaging pulse sequence (TurboFLASH). This MRI technique discretize tissue into non-linear deforming elements. Individual elements were defined by selectively supersaturating bands of magnetic spins in resting tongue tissue along the antero-posterior and superiorinferior directions of the mid-sagittal plane, resulting in a rectilinear square grid. Axial and shear strains relative to the rest condition were determined for each element and represented by two-dimensional surface strain maps. Tongue myoarchitecture was studied with diffusion-tensor MRI. A slice select pulsed gradient stimulated echo pulse sequence was applied to derive the spatial diffusion tensor field in the tongue. Tensor eigenvectors and measures of anisotropy were used to derive a virtual anatomical atlas of the bovine tongue. During forward protrusion, the anterior tongue underwent positive antero-posterior strain ( elongation) and symmetrical negative medial-lateral and superiorinferior strain ( contraction). During sagittal bending directed to the hard palate, the tongue exhibited positive asymmetrical antero-posterior strain that increased radially as a function of distance from the center of curvature, with commensurate negative strain in the medial-lateral direction. Similarly, the magnitude of anterior-posterior strain during left-directed tongue bending was proportional to distance from the curved inner surface. The oral stage of the swallow was subdivided into an early accommodative phase, a late accommodative phase and a propulsive phase. For bolus accommodation, strain findings were consistent with contraction of the anteriorly located intrinsic muscles and the posteriorly located genioglossus and hyoglossus muscles. For bolus propulsion, strain findings were consistent with posterior passive stretch in the midline due to contractions of the laterally inserted styloglossus muscle, as well as contraction of posteriorly located intrinsic muscles. In conclusion, regulation of tongue deformation was related to regional activation of intrinsic and/or extrinsic lingual musculature, which was appreciated with 3D diffusion tensor visualization. by Vitaly J. Napadow. S.M.
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Yamashita, Daichi. "The mechanics of human sideways locomotion." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188791.
Parsamian, Gagik P. "Damage mechanics of human cortical bone." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2014.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001. Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 165 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-165).
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Wake, Amanda Kathleen. "Modeling Fluid Mechanics in Individual Human Carotid Arteries." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7562.
In the interest of furthering the understanding of hemodynamics, this study has developed a method for modeling fluid mechanics behavior in individual human carotid arteries. A computational model was constructed from magnetic resonance (MR) data of a phantom carotid bifurcation model, and relevant flow conditions were simulated. Results were verified by comparison with previous in vitro experiments. The methodology was extended to create subject-specific carotid artery models from geometry data and fluid flow boundary conditions which were determined from MR and phase contrast MR (PCMR) scans of human subjects. The influence of subject-specific boundary conditions on the flow field was investigated by comparing a model based on measured velocity boundary conditions to a model based on the assumption of idealized velocity boundary conditions.
It is shown that subject-specific velocity boundary conditions in combination with a subject-specific geometry and flow waveform influence fluid flow phenomena associated with plaque development. Comparing a model with idealized Womersley flow boundary conditions to a model with subject-specific velocity boundary conditions demonstrated the importance of employing inlet and flow division data obtained from individual subjects in order to predict accurate, clinically relevant, fluid flow phenomena such as low wall shear stress areas and negative axial velocity regions. This study also illustrates the influence of the bifurcation geometry, especially the flow divider position, with respect to the velocity distribution of the common carotid artery on the development of flow characteristics. Overall it is concluded that accurate geometry and velocity measurements are essential for modeling fluid mechanics in individual human carotid arteries for the purpose of understanding atherosclerosis in the carotid artery bifurcation.
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Di, Netta James Dominick. "The Mechanics and Fixed Operations of Human Experience." UNF Digital Commons, 2016. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/648.
This paper will use the natural laws of the universe and amassed evidence to support a dynamic systems theory approach to explain the mechanics and fixed operations of the human experience taking place inside a causally determined universe without the possibility of free will. By reductionary methods, the universe and all its’ contents, including human agents, will be exemplified as complex dynamic systems. In so doing, the human experience is reduced to being comprised of information acting and reacting with other information existing in the universe, specifically ideas. Allowing ideas to take on a physical manifestation shows how the feedback of information directly results in the rise of human consciousness and the sensation of control and volition over actions. Thus, the methods and philosophies used in this paper will set out to rebut metaphysical libertarian views asserting alternative possibilities by way of Rollback Arguments and two other libertarian arguments raised by Alfred R. Mele. This paper aims to provide a description and deeper appreciation for the mechanics and fixed operations of the human experience in a universe where free will is nonexistent.
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Liu, Cheng-Yun Karen. "Towards a generative model of natural motion /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6851.
Beattie, Deborah Kilpatrick. "The mechanics of heterogeneous arteries : implications for human atherosclerosis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20498.
Sayeur, Mathieu. "Mechanical Modeling of Human Platelets Membrane." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32876.
In an effort to help understand the mechanical properties of human platelets, their deformations were measured using micropipette experiments over an aspiration pressure range of 1-5 cmH2O, in steps of 1 cmH2O. The experiments confirmed the previously reported linear relationship between deformation and pressure. The experimental results were used to determine the material constants of a thin-axisymmetric shell model based on a strain-energy constitutive relation to describe the platelet deformations under aspiration. The model was successful in capturing the experimental deformations. It also suggested that the mechanical properties of human platelets are not significantly influenced by their volumes, but do vary depending on the platelets’ undeformed shape ratios. In addition, the model suggested that platelet membrane ruptures due to micropipette aspiration may be strain-related. The limitations of the experimental methods arising from direct contact with reactive cells such as platelets are highlighted, prompting the need for developing new methods which will not require the use of inhibition agents that alter the platelets’ mechanical properties.
Afin d’approfondir les connaissances des propriétés mécaniques des plaquettes humaines, leurs déformations ont été mesurées lors d’expériences avec des micropipettes pour des pressions d’aspiration de 1-5 cmH2O, par intervalles de 1 cmH2O. Les expériences ont confirmé la relation linéaire entre les déformations et la pression d’aspiration telle que précédemment publié. Les données expérimentales ont été utilisées pour déterminer les constantes matérielles d’un modèle de membrane mince axisymétrique basé sur une loi de comportement caractérisant l’énergie de déformation. Le modèle simule bien les déformations des plaquettes sous aspiration; il suggère également que les propriétés mécaniques des plaquettes humaines ne sont pas influencées significativement leur volume, mais varient en fonction de leurs formes avant déformation. De plus, le modèle suggère que les ruptures de la membrane des plaquettes sous aspiration seraient reliées aux déformations. Les limites des méthodes expérimentales utilisées, du fait du contact direct avec des cellules aussi réactives que les plaquettes sont soulignées, et mettent l’emphase sur le besoin de mettre au point de nouvelles méthodes ne requérant pas d’agents d’inhibitions qui altèrent les propriétés mécaniques des plaquettes.
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Buck, Walter Richard. "A gross anatomical and biomechanical study of the anterior cruciate ligament." Connect to resource, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1239896806.
Hunt, Earl B., and Steven E. Poltrock. "The Mechanics of Thought 1." In Human Information Processing, 277–350. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003176688-7.
Yen, Rong-Tsu. "Elasticity of Microvessels in Postmortem Human Lungs." In Microvascular Mechanics, 175–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3674-0_12.
Jardón Huete, Alberto, and Santiago Martinez de la Casa. "Human Centered Mechatronics." In Advanced Mechanics in Robotic Systems, 75–90. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-588-0_5.
Thurston, George B. "Rheological Analogs for Human Blood in Large Vessels." In Biofluid Mechanics, 367–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52338-0_46.
Arus, Emeric. "The Concept of Muscular Mechanics." In Biomechanics of Human Motion, 85–96. Second Edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22446-6.
Melchers, R. E. "Human Errors and Structural Reliability." In Probabilistic Structural Mechanics Handbook, 211–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1771-9_10.
Pandolfi, Anna. "Modeling of the Human Cornea." In Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics, 1–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53605-6_37-1.
Pandolfi, Anna. "Modeling of the Human Cornea." In Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics, 1723–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55771-6_37.
Amirudin, Ahamed Nizam, and S. Parasuraman. "Bio mechanics and human locomotion." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccic.2014.7238460.
Radolf, V., J. Horáček, V. Bula, A. Geneid, and A.-M. Laukkanen. "Damping of human vocal folds vibration." In Engineering Mechanics 2022. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21495/51-2-321.
Endo, Ken, and Hugh Herr. "Human walking model predicts joint mechanics, electromyography and mechanical economy." In 2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2009.5354230.
Richard Herseim, K. Ranjan Saman, James Moore, William Walker, James Glancey, Joseph Trentacosta, and Peter Popper. "Simulating the Mechanics of Human Falls." In 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.17016.
Eskandari, M., C. A. Mariano, S. Sattari, T. M. Nelson, and K. A. M. Anduaga. "Human Versus Porcine Localized Strain Mechanics." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a5502.
Joszko, K., B. Gzik-Zroska, W. Wolański, M. Gzik, J. Śliwka, L. Pawlus-Łachecka, K. Wilczek, M. Dychdalewicz, J. Wszolek, and J. Dec. "Strength tests of human tendons following prolonged storage." In Engineering Mechanics 2022. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21495/51-2-169.
Innocenti, Mario, Andrea Petretti, and Manuel Vellutini. "Human operator modelling during discontinuous performance." In 23rd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4146.
Brownjohn, James M. W., and Xiahua Zheng. "Discussion of human resonant frequency." In Second International Conference on Experimental Mechanics, edited by Fook S. Chau and Chenggen Quan. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.429621.
"Synthesis of human-bike kinematic structures for direct kinematic analysis." In Engineering Mechanics 2018. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21495/91-8-289.
Verschooten, Eric, Christian Desloovere, and Philip X. Joris. "Human neural tuning estimated from compound action potentials in normal hearing human volunteers." In MECHANICS OF HEARING: PROTEIN TO PERCEPTION: Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on the Mechanics of Hearing. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4939375.
Zhang, Xiao-Kun. Mechanism of Retinoid Response in Human Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada303373.
Zhang, Xiao-kun. Mechanism of Retinoid Response in Human Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada337855.
Xiao-kun, Zhang. Mechanism of Retinoid Response in Human Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391367.
Welch, Danny R. Molecular Mechanisms of Metastasis Suppression in Human Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada371153.
Graesser, Arthur C. Questioning Mechanisms During Tutoring, Conversation, and Human-Computer Interaction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266420.
Allen, James F. Process Integrated Mechanism for Human-Computer Collaboration and Coordination. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada579517.
Welch, Danny R. Molecular Mechanisms of Metastasis Suppression in Human Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada354066.
Welch, Danny R. Molecular Mechanisms of Metastasis Suppression in Human Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada384068.
Welch, Danny R. Molecular Mechanisms of Metastasis Suppression in Human Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb228766.
Javier, Ronald. Novel Mechanisms of Mammary Oncogenesis by Human Adenovirus Type 9. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada396481.
