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Journal articles on the topic 'Human lower leg growth'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hermanussen, M., Karin Geiger-Benoit, and W. G. Sippell. "Catch-up growth following transfer from three times weekly im to daily sc administration of hGH in GH deficient patients, monitored by knemometry." Acta Endocrinologica 109, no. 2 (1985): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1090163.

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Abstract. A novel and non-invasive technique of growth measurement is introduced. By this method the length of the human lower leg is measured with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. Thus, growth velocities can be estimated within a few weeks. In the present study the immediate changes of growth velocity are demonstrated, following the transfer of growth hormone administration from three times weekly im to daily sc in 9 growth hormone deficient children, age 7.4 to 20.5 years. The first observation period (3 times weekly im administration) ranged from 32 to 72 days, the second observation period (daily sc

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PARTSCH, C. J., M. HERMANUSSEN, and W. G. SIPPELL. "Treatment of Silver-Russell type dwarfism with human growth hormone: Effects on serum somatomedin-C levels and on longitudinal growth studied by knemometry." Acta Endocrinologica 113, no. 4_Suppl (1986): S139—S146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.112s139.

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Abstract. Two patients, aged 5 and 12 years, with Silver-Russell type dwarfism are presented. As shown by standard tests and examination of the spontaneous nocturnal hGH secretion, there was only mild regulative hGH deficiency. HGH treatment was started with daily subcutaneous injections at age 5.5 years (height 90.3 cm, −6.1 SDS, bone age 2.75 years) and 12.6 years (height 125.7 cm, −3.7 SDS, bone age 8.75 years), respectively. Treatment was monitored by serial somatomedin-C (SM-C) determinations and by knemometry (lower leg measurement). SM-C values increased in both patients by 10.5 and 4.8

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Huang, Peigen, Ayman Allam, Alphonse Taghian, Jill Freeman, Michael Duffy, and Herman D. Suit. "Growth and metastatic behavior of five human glioblastomas compared with nine other histological types of human tumor xenografts in SCID mice." Journal of Neurosurgery 83, no. 2 (1995): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1995.83.2.0308.

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✓ The growth and metastatic behavior of five human glioblastoma multiforme xenografts and nine human xenografts of various histological types were compared in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. The results demonstrate that the metastatic behavior of the human glioblastoma multiforme xenografts did not differ significantly from a variety of other histological xenografts when evaluated at the same transplantation site in the SCID model. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the site of glioblastoma multiforme growth influences the extraneural metastatic spread of this d

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Fulford, A. J. C., S. E. Moore, S. E. Arifeen, et al. "Disproportionate early fetal growth predicts postnatal thymic size in humans." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 4, no. 3 (2013): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174413000044.

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Prenatal events can affect neonatal thymus size and adult immune function. The causal insults are unknown, although fetal nutrient restriction is suspected. We used ultrasound at three time points during pregnancy (14, 19 and 30 weeks) to measure the growth of six fetal dimensions in rural Bangladeshi women participating in the Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions, Matlab study. Postnatal ultrasound was used to calculate thymic index (TI) at birth, 2, 6 and 12 m. Of the 3267 women recruited, 2861 participated by providing data at least at one fetal biometry and one TI time point. Patter

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Yoshikawa, Kozo, Mitsuo Shimada, Jun Higashijima, et al. "Impact of blue 465nm LED on suppression of cancer growth." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (2016): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.767.

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767 Background: Recent studies demonstrate the efficacy of irradiation from light emitting diodes (LED) for wound healing and anti-inflammation and anti-cancertherapies. In this study, the blue LED (465nm) suppressed the tumor growth in various cancers. Methods: < Experiment 1, Effect of blue LED on colon cancer > Human colon cancer cells (HT29 or HCT116) were seeded onto laboratory dishes that were put on LED irradiation equipment with a blue LED (465 nm). Irradiation at 15 or 30 mW was performed 10 min/day, each day for 5 days. Cell counting kit8 was then used to measure cell viability

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Kuhlenhoelter, Alisha M., Kyoungrae Kim, Dustin Neff, et al. "Heat therapy promotes the expression of angiogenic regulators in human skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 311, no. 2 (2016): R377—R391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00134.2016.

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Heat therapy has been shown to promote capillary growth in skeletal muscle and in the heart in several animal models, but the effects of this therapy on angiogenic signaling in humans are unknown. We evaluated the acute effect of lower body heating (LBH) and unilateral thigh heating (TH) on the expression of angiogenic regulators and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in healthy young individuals. Exposure to LBH ( n = 18) increased core temperature (Tc) from 36.9 ± 0.1 to 37.4 ± 0.1°C ( P < 0.01) and average leg skin temperature (Tleg) from 33.1 ± 0.1 to 39.6 ± 0.1°C ( P < 0.01), but did not al

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Davison, Raziel J., and Michael D. Gurven. "Human uniqueness? Life history diversity among small-scale societies and chimpanzees." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0239170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239170.

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Background Humans life histories have been described as “slow”, patterned by slow growth, delayed maturity, and long life span. While it is known that human life history diverged from that of a recent common chimpanzee-human ancestor some ~4–8 mya, it is unclear how selection pressures led to these distinct traits. To provide insight, we compare wild chimpanzees and human subsistence societies in order to identify the age-specific vital rates that best explain fitness variation, selection pressures and species divergence. Methods We employ Life Table Response Experiments to quantify vital rate

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Churchley, Emmanuel G., Vernon G. Coffey, David J. Pedersen, et al. "Influence of preexercise muscle glycogen content on transcriptional activity of metabolic and myogenic genes in well-trained humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 102, no. 4 (2007): 1604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01260.2006.

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To determine whether preexercise muscle glycogen content influences the transcription of several early-response genes involved in the regulation of muscle growth, seven male strength-trained subjects performed one-legged cycling exercise to exhaustion to lower muscle glycogen levels (Low) in one leg compared with the leg with normal muscle glycogen (Norm) and then the following day completed a unilateral bout of resistance training (RT). Muscle biopsies from both legs were taken at rest, immediately after RT, and after 3 h of recovery. Resting glycogen content was higher in the control leg (No

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Liang, Xiaoniu, Xiantao Li, Ding Ding, et al. "Short Sitting Height and Low Relative Sitting Height Are Associated with Severe Cognitive Impairment among Older Women in an Urban Community in China." Neuroepidemiology 45, no. 4 (2015): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000439569.

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Background: Anthropometric indexes are powerful indicators of the environment and the plasticity of the human body. This study aimed at exploring the anthropometric indexes that are associated with late-life cognition impairment among the elderly Chinese in the Shanghai Aging Study. Methods: The height, weight, and sitting height of 3,741 participants were measured. Participants were diagnosed with ‘dementia', ‘mild cognitive impairment', or ‘cognitive normal' by neurologists using DSM-IV and Petersen criteria. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between height, sitting he

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Holz, C., J. Benning, M. Schaudt, et al. "Novel bioactive from Lactobacillus brevis DSM17250 to stimulate the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis: a pilot study." Beneficial Microbes 8, no. 1 (2017): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2016.0073.

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Commensal skin microbiota plays an important role in both influencing the immune response of the skin and acting as a barrier against colonisation of potentially pathogenic microorganisms and overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a key constituent of the normal microbiota on human skin. It balances the inflammatory response after skin injury and produces antimicrobial molecules that selectively inhibit skin pathogens. Here we describe Lactobacillus brevis DSM17250 that was identified among hundreds of Lactobacillus strains to exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect i

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Stamos, Peter A., and Michael A. Berthaume. "The effects of femoral metaphyseal morphology on growth plate biomechanics in juvenile chimpanzees and humans." Interface Focus 11, no. 5 (2021): 20200092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2020.0092.

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The distal femoral metaphyseal surface presents dramatically different morphologies in juvenile extant hominoids—humans have relatively flat metaphyseal surfaces when compared with the more complex metaphyseal surfaces of apes. It has long been speculated that these different morphologies reflect different biomechanical demands placed on the growth plate during locomotor behaviour, with the more complex metaphyseal surfaces of apes acting to protect the growth plate during flexed-knee behaviours like squatting and climbing. To test this hypothesis, we built subject-specific parametric finite-e

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Raffetto, Joseph D., Daniela Ligi, Rosanna Maniscalco, Raouf A. Khalil, and Ferdinando Mannello. "Why Venous Leg Ulcers Have Difficulty Healing: Overview on Pathophysiology, Clinical Consequences, and Treatment." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 1 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010029.

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Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are one of the most common ulcers of the lower extremity. VLU affects many individuals worldwide, could pose a significant socioeconomic burden to the healthcare system, and has major psychological and physical impacts on the affected individual. VLU often occurs in association with post-thrombotic syndrome, advanced chronic venous disease, varicose veins, and venous hypertension. Several demographic, genetic, and environmental factors could trigger chronic venous disease with venous dilation, incompetent valves, venous reflux, and venous hypertension. Endothelial cell

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Trenouth, M. J. "Changes in the Jaw Relationships during Human Foetal Cranio-facial Growth." British Journal of Orthodontics 12, no. 1 (1985): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.12.1.33.

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Previous investigations into pre-natal cranio-facial growth have either been purely descriptive or have involved the use of cephalometric points, lines and angles. Neither methods have given an entirely clear picture of the changes taking place during the foetal period. The present investigation measured changes in shape, position and orientation of the jaws by using image outlines and their centroids (centres of area) in combination with the analytic method of morphanalysis. The image outlines of the foetuses were related to each other via a rectangular co-ordinate reference grid so that the

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Matthews, Marc R., Emily Helmick, Christopher Mellon, et al. "552 Limb Salvage: Amputations Prevented with Dehydrated Human Amnion/Chorion Membrane Allografts (dHACM) Used in Combination with Decellularized Human Collagen Matrix (dHCM)." Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, Supplement_1 (2021): S124—S125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab032.202.

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Abstract Introduction Burn and traumatic limb injuries with exposed bone/tendon typically require surgical flaps or amputations for healing. Some burn patients are not candidates for these invasive techniques. Placental amniotic membrane has been used as a wound dressing for more than 100 years and may offer an alternative to flaps and/or amputations. Processed dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (dHACM), from human placental tissue, contains type 1 human collagen as well as non-viable cells and 285 identified regulatory proteins including growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, metallopro

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Shlomai, Gadi, Zara Zelenko, Irini Markella Antoniou, et al. "OP449 inhibits breast cancer growth without adverse metabolic effects." Endocrine-Related Cancer 24, no. 10 (2017): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-17-0077.

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Hyperinsulinemia is associated with a decrease in breast cancer recurrence-free survival and overall survival. Inhibition of insulin receptor signaling is associated with glycemic dysregulation. SET is a direct modulator of PP2A, which negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. OP449, a SET inhibitor, decreases AKT/mTOR activation. The effects of OP449 treatment on breast cancer growth in the setting of pre-diabetes, and its metabolic implications are currently unknown. We found that the volumes and weights of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts were greater in hyperinsulinemic mice

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Földvári, Péter, Bas van Leeuwen, and Dmitry Didenko. "Capital formation and economic growth under central planning and transition: A theoretical and empirical analysis, ca. 1920–2008." Acta Oeconomica 65, no. 1 (2015): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.65.2015.1.2.

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According to the consensus view, it was primarily physical capital accumulation that drove economic growth during the early years of state socialism. Growth models incorporating both human and physical capital accumulation led to the conclusion that a high physical/human capital ratio can cause a lower economic growth in the long run, hence offering an explanation for the failure of socialist economies. In this paper, we show theoretically and empirically that according to the logic of the socialist planner, it was optimal to achieve a higher physical to human capital ratio in socialist countr

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Tzounis, Xenofon, Jelena Vulevic, Gunter G. C. Kuhnle, et al. "Flavanol monomer-induced changes to the human faecal microflora." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 4 (2007): 782–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507853384.

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We have investigated the bacterial-dependent metabolism of ( − )-epicatechin and (+)-catechin using a pH-controlled, stirred, batch-culture fermentation system reflective of the distal region of the human large intestine. Incubation of ( − )-epicatechin or (+)-catechin (150 mg/l or 1000 mg/l) with faecal bacteria, led to the generation of 5-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, 5-phenyl-γ-valerolactone and phenylpropionic acid. However, the formation of these metabolites from (+)-catechin required its initial conversion to (+)-epicatechin. The metabolism of both flavanols occurred in the pr

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18

Smith, G. D. P., M. Alam, L. P. Watson, and C. J. Mathias. "Effect of the Somatostatin Analogue, Octreotide, on Exercise-Induced Hypotension in Human Subjects with Chronic Sympathetic Failure." Clinical Science 89, no. 4 (1995): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0890367.

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1. In autonomic failure, supine exercise lowers blood pressure and worsens postural hypotension. The somatostatin analogue, octreotide, reduces postprandial and postural hypotension, but its effects on exercise-induced hypotension and on postural hypotension post-exercise are unknown. 2. Eighteen subjects with chronic sympathetic denervation were studied; 12 had pure autonomic failure and six had additional neurological features of the Shy—Drager syndrome. Haemodynamic, hormonal and biochemical changes were measured before, during and after incremental supine leg exercise on two occasions: on

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Katayama, N., M. Nishikawa, F. Komada, N. Minami, and S. Shirakawa. "A role for calmodulin in the growth of human hematopoietic progenitor cells." Blood 75, no. 7 (1990): 1446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.7.1446.1446.

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Abstract A possible role for calmodulin in the colony growth of human hematopoietic progenitor cells was investigated using pharmacologic approaches. We obtained evidence for a dose-dependent inhibition of colony formation of myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-C) stimulated by interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) by three calmodulin antagonists, N- (6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7), N- (4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W-13), and trifluoperazine. Chlorine-deficient

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Katayama, N., M. Nishikawa, F. Komada, N. Minami, and S. Shirakawa. "A role for calmodulin in the growth of human hematopoietic progenitor cells." Blood 75, no. 7 (1990): 1446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.7.1446.bloodjournal7571446.

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A possible role for calmodulin in the colony growth of human hematopoietic progenitor cells was investigated using pharmacologic approaches. We obtained evidence for a dose-dependent inhibition of colony formation of myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-C) stimulated by interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) by three calmodulin antagonists, N- (6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7), N- (4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W-13), and trifluoperazine. Chlorine-deficient analogs

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Beaulieu, Mélanie L., Madeleine G. DeClercq, Nathan T. Rietberg, et al. "The Anterior Cruciate Ligament Can Become Hypertrophied in Response to Mechanical Loading: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Elite Athletes." American Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 9 (2021): 2371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465211012354.

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Background: Evidence, mainly from animal models, suggests that exercise during periods of pubertal growth can produce a hypertrophied anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and improve its mechanical properties. In humans, the only evidence of ACL hypertrophy comes from a small cross-sectional study of elite weight lifters and control participants; that study had methodological weaknesses and, thus, more evidence is needed. Purpose: To investigate bilateral differences in the ACL cross-sectional area (CSA) for evidence of unilateral hypertrophy in athletes who have habitually loaded 1 leg more than

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Miyaji, Katsuya, Eiichi Tani, Atsuhisa Nakano, Hideyasu Ikemoto, and Keizo Kaba. "Inhibition by 5′-methylthioadenosine of cell growth and tyrosine kinase activity stimulated by fibroblast growth factor receptor in human gliomas." Journal of Neurosurgery 83, no. 4 (1995): 690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1995.83.4.0690.

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✓ Stimulation of three human glioma cell lines with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) led to the enhancement of cell growth and the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins, including major substrates of 90 kD. A methyltransferase inhibitor, 5′-methylthioadenosine (MTA), inhibited dose dependently the bFGF-stimulated cell growth and protein tyrosine phosphorylation in glioma cells by blocking both receptor autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation, as shown by immunoblotting with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies and cross-linking bFGF to receptors. The antiproliferative ac

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Fawcett, J. P., V. Ravindran, P. C. H. Morel, et al. "Influence of salbutamol administered as the single active enantiomer (R-salbutamol) on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens." Animal Science 78, no. 1 (2004): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800053807.

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AbstractSalbutamol (albuterol) is a β-adrenergic agonist marketed as a racemic (50: 50) mixture of R- and S-enantiomers (rac-salbutamol). Since only R-salbutamol is pharmacologically active and S-salbutamol has a longer half-life in humans, we examined R-salbutamol as a performance enhancer and repartitioning agent in domestic chickens. The effects of feeding diets containing R-salbutamol (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg diet) and rac-salbutamol (10 mg/kg diet) from day 21 to 42 post hatching on growth performance, carcass characteristics and tissue concentrations of R- and S-salbutamol in male and female

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Sakai, Jun. "1723. Human Serum Albumin Regulates the Growth of Candida auris in vitro." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S631—S632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1586.

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Abstract Background Candida auris is commonly detected in human ear secretions. However, C. auris occasionally causes bloodstream infections even in immunocompetent patients resulting in poor prognosis. It was speculated that C. auris growth within the blood might be regulated by proteins in the bloodstream. Thus, in this study, the potential role of blood proteins in the regulation of C. auris growth was investigated. Methods Five Candida species (C. albicans, C. auris, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis) were incubated overnight. Colony suspensions for each species were prepared

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Silva, Marta, Luis Filipe Martins, and Helena Lopes. "Asymmetric Labor Market Reforms: Effects on Wage Growth and Conversion Probability of Fixed-Term Contracts." ILR Review 71, no. 3 (2017): 760–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793917737506.

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The authors investigate the impact of a change in employment protection laws in Portugal that increased the maximum legal duration of fixed-term contracts. They find that this reform led to a reduction in the probability that a worker on a fixed-term contract would be converted to a permanent contract. In addition, those workers who had their contracts converted experienced a significantly higher hourly wage growth at the time of conversion and faced a lower reduction in wage growth during the years in which the changed legislation was in force. Consequently, the implementation of this law led

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Tamir, Raz, Gal Eyal, Itay Cohen, and Yossi Loya. "Effects of Light Pollution on the Early Life Stages of the Most Abundant Northern Red Sea Coral." Microorganisms 8, no. 2 (2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020193.

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The growth in human population along coastal areas is exposing marine environments to increasing anthropogenic light sources. Despite the potential effects of this modern phenomenon, very few studies have examined its implications for corals. Here, we present a long-term study of coral early life stages under light pollution conditions at night. Coral larvae were collected from Stylophora pistillata colonies, and then settled and grown under experimental conditions of two different common city lighting methods (fluorescent or LED). Effects of the artificial lighting on the coral settlement suc

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Aysin, Ferhunde, Asli Yilmaz, and Mehmet Yilmaz. "Metallic Nanoparticle-Decorated Polydopamine Thin Films and Their Cell Proliferation Characteristics." Coatings 10, no. 9 (2020): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090802.

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Plasmonic metal nanoparticle (NP)-decorated thin films of biobased and biocompatible polymers provide significant opportunities in various biomedical applications. Inspired from the adhesive proteins of the marine mussels, polydopamine (PDA) serves as a versatile, biocompatible, and simple thin-film material and enhances cell growth and proliferation. Herein, we report the fabrication of the gold NPs (AuNPs) or silver NPs (AgNPs)-deposited thin films of PDA and their employment in cell growth and proliferation. PDA thin film with its numerous functional groups enabled well-controlled adsorptio

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Ribo, Silvia, David Sánchez-Infantes, Laura Martinez-Guino, et al. "Increasing breast milk betaine modulates Akkermansia abundance in mammalian neonates and improves long-term metabolic health." Science Translational Medicine 13, no. 587 (2021): eabb0322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abb0322.

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Accelerated postnatal growth is a potentially modifiable risk factor for future obesity. To study how specific breast milk components contribute to early growth and obesity risk, we quantified one-carbon metabolism-related metabolites in human breast milk and found an inverse association between milk betaine content and infant growth. This association was replicated in an independent and geographically distinct cohort. To determine the potential role of milk betaine in modulating offspring obesity risk, we performed maternal betaine supplementation experiments in mice. Higher betaine intake du

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Kjær, Michael, Birgitte Hanel, Lars Worm, et al. "Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to exercise in hypoxia during impaired neural feedback from muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 1 (1999): R76—R85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.1.r76.

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Reflex mechanisms from contracting skeletal muscle have been shown to be important for cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and extramuscular fuel-mobilization responses in exercise. Furthermore, because hypoxia results in exaggerated metabolic changes in contracting muscle, the present study evaluated whether enhancement of cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses by hypoxia during exercise is influenced by neural feedback from contracting muscle. Seven healthy males cycled at 46% maximal O2 uptake for 20 min both during normoxia and at 11.5% O2, and both without and with epidural anesthesia (E

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Pham, Khoa, Micah J. Maxwell, Heather Sweeney, et al. "Novel Glutamine Antagonist JHU395 Suppresses MYC-Driven Medulloblastoma Growth and Induces Apoptosis." Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 80, no. 4 (2021): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlab018.

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Abstract Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Amplification of c-MYC is a hallmark of a subset of poor-prognosis medulloblastoma. MYC upregulates glutamine metabolism across many types of cancer. We modified the naturally occurring glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) by adding 2 promoeities to increase its lipophilicity and brain penetration creating the prodrug isopropyl 6-diazo-5-oxo-2-(((phenyl (pivaloyloxy) methoxy) - carbonyl) amino) hexanoate, termed JHU395. This prodrug was shown to have a 10-fold improved CSF-to-plasma ratio and brain-to

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Goff, D. J., and C. J. Tabin. "Analysis of Hoxd-13 and Hoxd-11 misexpression in chick limb buds reveals that Hox genes affect both bone condensation and growth." Development 124, no. 3 (1997): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.3.627.

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Hox genes are important regulators of limb pattern in vertebrate development. Misexpression of Hox genes in chicks using retroviral vectors provides an opportunity to analyze gain-of-function phenotypes and to assess their modes of action. Here we report the misexpression phenotype for Hoxd-13 and compare it to the misexpression phenotype of Hoxd-11. Hoxd-13 misexpression in the hindlimb results in a shortening of the long bones, including the femur, the tibia, the fibula and the tarsometatarsals. Mutations in an alanine repeat region in the N-terminus of Hoxd-13 have recently been implicated

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Boriani, Filippo, and Paolo Bogetti. "Lower Leg Perforators and Bone Growth." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 123, no. 3 (2009): 1134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e31819a353c.

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Shelburne, Samuel A., Nnaja Okorafor, Izabela Sitkiewicz, et al. "Regulation of Polysaccharide Utilization Contributes to the Persistence of Group A Streptococcus in the Oropharynx." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 6 (2007): 2981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00081-07.

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ABSTRACT Group A Streptococcus (GAS) genes that encode proteins putatively involved in polysaccharide utilization show growth phase-dependent expression in human saliva. We sought to determine whether the putative polysaccharide transcriptional regulator MalR influences the expression of such genes and whether MalR helps GAS infect the oropharynx. Analysis of 32 strains of 17 distinct M protein serotypes revealed that MalR is highly conserved across GAS strains. malR transcripts were detectable in patients with GAS pharyngitis, and the levels increased significantly during growth in human sali

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Levy, David Jessula, Amy Goundry, Raquel S. S. Laires, et al. "Role of the inhibitor of serine peptidase 2 (ISP2) of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in parasite virulence and modulation of the inflammatory responses of the host." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 6 (2021): e0009526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009526.

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Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is one of the causative agents of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), known as sleeping sickness. The parasite invades the central nervous system and causes severe encephalitis that is fatal if left untreated. We have previously identified ecotin-like inhibitors of serine peptidases, named ISPs, in trypanosomatid parasitic protozoa. Here, we investigated the role of ISP2 in bloodstream form T. b. rhodesiense. We generated gene-deficient mutants lacking ISP2 (Δisp2), which displayed a growth profile in vitro similar to that of wild-type (WT) parasites. C57BL/6 mi

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Weber, C., S. Gokorsch, and P. Czermak. "Expansion and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells." International Journal of Artificial Organs 30, no. 7 (2007): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880703000709.

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The potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to differentiate into various types of mesenchymal tissue, such as chondrocytes, makes them a potential cell source in cartilage tissue engineering. Because of the requirement of high cell amounts for the generation of cartilage implants or for the extensive experimental studies to investigate the culture parameters, the initial cells have to be expanded, which leads to high population doubling numbers. It is known that hMSC can differentiate into chondrocytes at least up to the 15th population doubling. To monitor the differentiation status

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Shelburne, Samuel A., Paul Sumby, Izabela Sitkiewicz, et al. "Maltodextrin Utilization Plays a Key Role in the Ability of Group A Streptococcus To Colonize the Oropharynx." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 8 (2006): 4605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00477-06.

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ABSTRACT Analysis of multiple group A Streptococcus (GAS) genomes shows that genes encoding proteins involved in carbohydrate utilization comprise some 15% of the core GAS genome. Yet there is a limited understanding of how carbohydrate utilization contributes to GAS pathogenesis. Previous genome-wide GAS studies led us to a focused investigation of MalE, a putative maltodextrin-binding protein. Analysis of 28 strains of 22 distinct M protein serotypes showed that MalE is highly conserved among diverse GAS strains. malE transcript levels were significantly increased during growth in human sali

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Li, Peng, and Yaofu Ouyang. "THE DYNAMIC IMPACTS OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN CAPITAL ON CO2 EMISSION INTENSITY IN CHINA: AN ARDL APPROACH." Journal of Business Economics and Management 20, no. 5 (2019): 939–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2019.10509.

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This paper studies the dynamic impacts of financial development, human capital, and economic growth on CO2 emission intensity in China for the period 1978–2015, with a structural breakpoint in 1992, by employing an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The estimations show that there exists a long-run cointegration linkage among the variables, with three main findings. First, financial openness measured by net FDI inflows can significantly reduce CO2 emission intensity in both the short-term and the long-term, whereas the effects of both financial scale and financial efficiency are l

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Desai, Krisha, Radhika Aiyappa, Jyothi S. Prabhu, et al. "HR+HER2− breast cancers with growth factor receptor–mediated EMT have a poor prognosis and lapatinib downregulates EMT in MCF-7 cells." Tumor Biology 39, no. 3 (2017): 101042831769502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010428317695028.

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Despite an overall good prognosis, a significant proportion of patients with hormone receptor positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative breast cancers develop distant metastases. The metastatic potential of epithelial cells is known to be regulated by tumor–stromal interaction and mediated by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Hormone receptor positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative tumors were used to estimate markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and the luminal breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was used to examine the interactions between integr

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Tu, Lin, Enhao Zhao, Wenyi Zhao, et al. "hsa-miR-376c-3p Regulates Gastric Tumor Growth BothIn VitroandIn Vivo." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9604257.

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Background. In recent studies, aberrant expression of various microRNAs (miRNAs) is reported to be associated with gastric cancer metastasis.Method. Overexpression construct and inhibitor of hsa-miR-376c-3p were expressed in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC-7901. The expression level of tumor related genes was detected by qPCR, western blot, and immunostaining. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Xenograft of SGC-7901 cells was used to elucidate the function of hsa-miR-376c-3p in gastric tumor growthin vivo.Result. Expression of hsa-miR-376c-3p was detected in SGC-7901 c

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Khandanpour, Cyrus, James D. Phelan, Riyan Chen, et al. "Growth Factor Independent-1 (Gfi1) As a New Target for Human Leukemia Therapy." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.560.560.

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Abstract Abstract 560 More than 50% of patients diagnosed with B or T-cell leukemia and lymphoma will fail current treatment protocols. This highlights the urgent need for new and improved therapies. Since the transcription factor Growth factor independent-1 (Gfi1) plays an important role in lymphoid differentiation, we explored whether it might be a suitable target for therapy. Using mouse models in which T-cell leukemia can be induced by transgenic expression of mutated forms of Notch1, by injection of the carcinogen N-Ethyl–nitrosourea (ENU) or infection with a Murine Moloney Leukemia Virus

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Bae, Dong-Hun, Patric J. Jansson, Michael L. Huang, et al. "The role of NDRG1 in the pathology and potential treatment of human cancers." Journal of Clinical Pathology 66, no. 11 (2013): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201692.

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N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) has been well characterised to act as a metastatic suppressor in a number of human cancers. It has also been implicated to have a significant function in a number of physiological processes such as cellular differentiation and cell cycle. In this review, we discuss the role of NDRG1 in cancer pathology. NDRG1 was observed to be downregulated in the majority of cancers. Moreover, the expression of NDRG1 was found to be significantly lower in neoplastic tissues as compared with normal tissues. The most important function of NDRG1 in inhibiting tumour pro

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Golfman, Leonard S., Sankaranarayanan Kannan, Mandy A. Hall, and Patrick A. Zweidler-McKay. "Notch/HES1 Implicated As a Tumor Suppressor Mechanism in Human AML in Vivo." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 3524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3524.3524.

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Abstract Abstract 3524 Background: Although Notch signaling contributes to T cell leukemogenesis, the role of Notch in human AML is unclear. We and others have found that activation of Notch signaling inhibits AML growth and survival, e.g. a tumor suppressor like effect. However it is not known what the consequences of activating or inhibiting Notch signaling are in human AML in vivo. Approach: To determine whether Notch signaling would have growth inhibiting effects in vivo, we stably-transduced ML1 human AML cells with the constitutively-active forms of Notch1 and Notch2 (ICN1, ICN2), the co

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Wang, Chenyuan, Ming Zhang, Huiyuan Guo, et al. "Human Milk Oligosaccharides Activate Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Protect Against Hypoxia-Induced Injuries in the Mouse Intestinal Epithelium and Caco2 Cells." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 4 (2020): 756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz297.

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ABSTRACT Background Hypoxia-induced intestinal barrier injuries lead to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Although NEC in preterm neonates is preventable by human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Objective To reveal the role and mechanism of HMOs in protecting against hypoxia-induced injuries in intestinal epithelium of neonatal mice and cultured Caco2 cells. Methods NEC was induced by hypoxia and cold stress. Seventy C57BL/C pups (7-d-old) were divided into 5 groups and fed maternal breast milk (BM), formula alone (FF), or the formula added with HMOs at 5

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RIBEIRO, V. B., and M. T. DESTRO. "Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 1/2b and 4b Isolates from Human Clinical Cases and Foods Show Differences in Tolerance to Refrigeration and Salt Stress." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 9 (2014): 1519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-548.

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Control of Listeria monocytogenes in food processing facilities is a difficult issue because of the ability of this microorganism to form biofilms and adapt to adverse environmental conditions. Survival at high concentrations of sodium chloride and growth at refrigeration temperatures are two other important characteristics of L. monocytogenes isolates. The aim of this study was to compare the growth characteristics under stress conditions at different temperatures of L. monocytogenes serotypes responsible for the majority of clinical cases from different sources. Twenty-two L. monocytogenes i

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Chang, Yu-Tsen, Po-Chen Li, An-Chin Cheng, and Ming-Fen Lee. "Effect of MED28 on Glucose Transporters and Glycolysis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa058_006.

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Abstract Objectives MED28 exhibits several cellular roles, including a Mediator subunit for transcriptional activation as well as an interactor with merlin, NF2 tumor suppressor protein, and Grb2, a signaling adaptor. Our laboratory has previously reported that MED28 not only mediates cell growth but also appears to regulate glucose metabolism in human colorectal cancer cells. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to investigate the in vivo effect of MED28 on glucose metabolism and cell growth in colorectal cancer. Methods HCT116 colorectal cancer cells were transfected with MED28 s

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Zhang, Ligen, Jiaqi Zhang, Enfa Yan, et al. "Dietary Supplemented Curcumin Improves Meat Quality and Antioxidant Status of Intrauterine Growth Retardation Growing Pigs via Nrf2 Signal Pathway." Animals 10, no. 3 (2020): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030539.

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Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) exhibits programming consequences and may induce oxidative stress in growing animals and humans. This study was conducted to investigate the hypothesis that dietary curcumin may protect growing pigs from IUGR-induced oxidative stress via the Nrf2 pathway. Twelve normal birth weight (NBW) and 24 IUGR female piglets were selected and fed control diets supplemented 0 (NBW), 0 (IUGR) and 200 (IUGR + Cur) mg/kg curcumin from 26 to 115 days of age (n = 12). Growth performance, meat quality, redox status and its related Nrf2 pathway were determined. Results show

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Owczarek, Piotr, Magdalena Opała-Owczarek, Oimahmad Rahmonov, Abdurauf Razzokov, Zdzisław Jary, and Tadeusz Niedźwiedź. "Relationships between loess and the Silk Road reflected by environmental change and its implications for human societies in the area of ancient Panjikent, central Asia." Quaternary Research 89, no. 3 (2017): 691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.69.

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AbstractRich ancient societies of central Asia developed on the basis of trade between East and West; their existence was dependent on natural resources that favoured agriculture. The branches of the Silk Road in central Asia clearly coincide with loess areas, where many settlements were erected based on the presence of fertile loess soil and water. The aim of the study was to analyse the environmental factors that led to the growth and decline of one of the most important Silk Road “loess towns,” ancient Panjikent, as an example of human and climatic impacts on landscape changes. The town, es

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Pedró-Rosa, Laura, Frederick S. Buckner, Ranae M. Ranade, et al. "Identification of Potent Inhibitors of the Trypanosoma brucei Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase via High-Throughput Orthogonal Screening." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 20, no. 1 (2014): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057114548832.

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Improved therapies for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei, the etiological agent of the neglected tropical disease human African trypanosomiasis, are urgently needed. We targeted T. brucei methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS), an aminoacyl-tRNA synthase (aaRS), which is considered an important drug target due to its role in protein synthesis, cell survival, and its significant differences in structure from its mammalian ortholog. Previous work using RNA interference of MetRS demonstrated growth inhibition of T. brucei, further validating it as an attractive target. We report the development and

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Bartman, Melissa T., Zhanna Kaidarova, Dale Hirschkorn, et al. "Long-Term Increases in Lymphocytes and Platelets in Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type II Infection." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 4900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4900.4900.

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Abstract Human T-lymphotropic viruses types I and II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) cause chronic infections of T-lymphocytes, leading to adult T-cell lymphoma (HTLV-I) and myelopathy (both types) in a minority of infected humans. However, their long-term effects on blood counts and hematopoiesis are not fully understood. We followed 151 HTLV-I and 387 HTLV-II seropositive former blood donors, and 799 HTLV seronegative donors from five US blood centers prospectively for a median of 14.0 years. Complete blood counts were performed every 2 years on fresh anticoagulated blood at licensed clinical laborator

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Franco, Daniel, Mirian Pateiro, Diego Rois, Jose Antonio Vázquez, and José Manuel Lorenzo. "Effects of Caponization on Growth Performance, Carcass and Meat Quality of Mos Breed Capons Reared in Free-Range Production System." Annals of Animal Science 16, no. 3 (2016): 909–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0009.

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AbstractThe effects of caponization on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid profile of breast and drumstick of Mos and Sasso genotypes, reared in free-range production system were examined. A total of 47 birds of Mos breed (19 Castrated and 25 Entire) and 37 of Sasso X-44 (18 Castrated and 19 Entire) slaughtered at 32 weeks were used in this trial. The growth of broilers and the differences between genotypes and caponization effects were modelled by Weibull-growth equation. Capon’s growth was higher than that obtained by roosters and Sasso weight was greater

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