Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human knee osteoarthritis'
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1
Gikas, P. "A study of the subchondral bone in human knee osteoarthritis using Raman spectroscopy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1403229/.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, debilitating disease, involving degeneration of cartilage and bone in synovial joints. Subtle changes in the molecular structure of subchondral bone matrix occur and may precede gross morphological changes in the osteoarthritic joint. In this thesis, the analytical technique Raman Spectroscopy (which uses a monochromatic light source to probe chemical composition) is used to explore the hypothesis that subchondral bone changes occur prior to and during joint degeneration. The question is approached by looking at excised tibial plateaus from patients undergoing total knee replacement for advanced OA of the knee and comparing them with tibial plateaus from healthy joints. The samples were analysed with Raman spectroscopy, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and chemical analysis, to compare collagen alpha chains. The results show that bone matrix changes, related to OA, can be detected in the subchondral bone prior to overt cartilage damage, by Raman spectroscopy. These data provide support that chemical changes in bone can be related to the initiation of, or predisposition towards, joint degeneration. The results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy should be further developed as a future tool to provide screening for early detection of joint degeneration based on correlating molecular-specific modifications in the subchondral bone.
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Heiden, Tamika Louise. "Neuromuscular-biomechanical outcomes of different types of resistance training on people with knee osteoarthritis." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0066.
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[Truncated abstract] Knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients have high levels of pain, functional and strength deficits of the quadriceps, decreased proprioceptive acuity, and increased co-contraction and knee joint loading in gait, compared to age matched controls. The increased knee joint loading in this population occurs most commonly in the medial tibio-femoral compartment, due to increased external adduction moments, and with increasing disease severity there is a concomitant increase in the knee adduction moments. A key finding within the knee OA literature is that dynamic loading in gait, due to increased external adduction moments, strongly predicts pain and radiographic disease progression. Current research has shown that exercise interventions reduce pain and time to complete functional activities; however, the effect of these interventions on knee joint loading and muscular activation in gait is still unclear. In addition, the need for specific knee joint strengthening to cause these alterations has not been investigated and it remains unknown if improvements occur due to specific muscle strengthening or due to some general effect of exercise. Therefore, the primary aim of this research study was to examine the effects of general (upper body) and specific (lower body) resistance training interventions on self-perceived outcomes, neuromuscular function and kinematic, kinetic and muscle activation during gait of OA patients compared with asymptomatic controls. ... The examination of gait data following exercise (Study 4) showed trends for changes in the muscle co-contraction ratios. Specifically, the medial/lateral co-contraction ratio (MLCCR) displayed a trend in early stance where the upper body exercise group increased their lateral muscle activity and the lower body group reduced their lateral muscle activity, and the medial/lateral hamstring co-contraction ratio (HAMCCR) displayed this same trend during loading. The trend toward reduced lateral muscle activation, following lower body resistance training, suggests that specific muscle strengthening may have the ability to alter the load distribution. The kinematic and kinetic variables of gait were unchanged by the exercise interventions, highlighting the sensitivity of muscle activation pattern changes due to muscle strengthening. This thesis provides new insights into the co-contraction strategies utilised by knee OA patients. The directed co-contraction strategy employed by knee OA patients and its relationship to the external adduction moment in gait suggest an attempt to redistribute the loading within the knee joint, most likely in response to pain. Further, we have separated the effects of exercise and found differences in self-perceived outcomes based on exercise specificity. This first examination into muscle co-contraction following resistance training of knee OA patients has highlighted the possibility of alterations to the co-contraction patterns following lower body exercise. However, the implications of altering this muscle activation strategy and the consequent effect on distribution of load within the knee joint requires further consideration.
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Lane, Gregory. "Human Knee FEA Model for Transtibial Amputee Tibial Cartilage Pressure in Gait and Cycling." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1833.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease affecting roughly 31 million Americans. The incidence of OA is significantly higher for persons who have suffered a transtibial amputation. Abnormal cartilage stress can cause higher OA risk, however it is unknown if there is a connection between exercise type and cartilage stress. To help answer this, a tibiofemoral FEA model was created. Utilizing linear elastic isotropic materials and non-linear springs, the model was validated to experimental cadaveric data. In a previous study, 6 control and 6 amputee subjects underwent gait and cycling experiments. The resultant knee loads were analyzed to find the maximum compressive load and the respective shear forces and rotation moments for each trial, which were then applied to the model. Maximum tibial contact stress values were extracted for both the medial and lateral compartments. Only exercise choice in the lateral compartment was found to be a significant interaction (p<0.0001). No other interactions in either compartment were significant. This suggests that cycling reduces the risk for lateral OA regardless of amputation status and medial OA risk is unaffected. This study also developed a process for creating subject-specific FEA models.
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Bocking, George. "The use of phonoarthrometry to detect osteoarthritis in the human knee joint : a clinical proof of concept study." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/701465/.
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The potential clinical value of sounds and vibrations produced by joints as they move has been studied extensively since 1902 however as of yet no clinically useful device exists. The phonoarthrometer is an experimental prototype diagnostic tool which has the potential to detect joint disorders through interpretation of the sounds produced when the knee joint is moved naturally. The study aims to evaluate the phonoarthrometers’ clinical usefulness through its ability to detect osteoarthritis of the human knee joint. Investigation of the phonoarthrometers’ ability to detect osteoarthritis involved taking the prototype device into a clinical environment and using it to test osteoarthritic affected knee joints. A dataset from knee joints defined as normal was also collected for use in the building of the core microstructure database and for use as a comparative control group. The vibration signal of the knee joint was collected via accelerometer sensors placed at the patella and a medial joint line. An electro-goniometer was used to collect the angular data of the knee in motion. All participants were required to complete a set of test protocols designed to gather both loaded and unloaded data from the knee joint. Collected data was then analysed using the phonoarthrometer software. The phonoarthrometer was able to differentiate an osteoarthritic knee vibration response from a healthy normal knee response. This manifested as a greater level of suppression in the vibration response from the osteoarthritic knee group compared with the normal knee group. Detection between medial and lateral compartment osteoarthritis was possible due to differences in the suppression level of the vibration signal. Determination of the severity of the osteoarthritis in the affected knee was not consistent enough to be conclusive. The phonoarthrometer in its current state of development would be limited in its usefulness as a diagnostic device. Further improvements to its detection ability are needed to allow the level of detail needed for a clinically useful diagnosis.
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Bocking, George. "The use of Phonoarthrometry to detect Osteoarthritis in the Human Knee Joint: A Clinical Proof of Concept Study." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/701465/1/Bocking_2013.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The potential clinical value of sounds and vibrations produced by joints as they move has been studied extensively since 1902 however as of yet no clinically useful device exists. The phonoarthrometer is an experimental prototype diagnostic tool which has the potential to detect joint disorders through interpretation of the sounds produced when the knee joint is moved naturally. The study aims to evaluate the phonoarthrometers’ clinical usefulness through its ability to detect osteoarthritis of the human knee joint.
Investigation of the phonoarthrometers’ ability to detect osteoarthritis involved taking the prototype device into a clinical environment and using it to test osteoarthritic affected knee joints. A dataset from knee joints defined as normal was also collected for use in the building of the core microstructure database and for use as a comparative control group. The vibration signal of the knee joint was collected via accelerometer sensors placed at the patella and a medial joint line. An electro-goniometer was used to collect the angular data of the knee in motion. All participants were required to complete a set of test protocols designed to gather both loaded and unloaded data from the knee joint. Collected data was then analysed using the phonoarthrometer software.
The phonoarthrometer was able to differentiate an osteoarthritic knee vibration response from a healthy normal knee response. This manifested as a greater level of suppression in the vibration response from the osteoarthritic knee group compared with the normal knee group. Detection between medial and lateral compartment osteoarthritis was possible due to differences in the suppression level of the vibration signal. Determination of the severity of the osteoarthritis in the affected knee was not consistent enough to be conclusive.
The phonoarthrometer in its current state of development would be limited in its usefulness as a diagnostic device. Further improvements to its detection ability are needed to allow the level of detail needed for a clinically useful diagnosis.
6
Wangerin, Spencer D. "Development and validation of a human knee joint finite element model for tissue stress and strain predictions during exercise." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1129.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative condition of cartilage and is the leading cost of disability in the United States. Motion analysis experiments in combination with knee-joint finite element (FE) analysis may be used to identify exercises that maintain knee-joint osteochondral (OC) loading at safe levels for patients at high-risk for knee OA, individuals with modest OC defects, or patients rehabilitating after surgical interventions. Therefore, a detailed total knee-joint FE model was developed by modifying open-source knee-joint geometries in order to predict OC tissue stress and strain during the stance phase of gait. The model was partially validated for predicting the timing and locations of maximum contact parameters (contact pressure, contact area, and principal Green-Lagrangian strain), but over-estimated contact parameters compared with both published in vivo studies and other FE analyses of the stance phase of gait. This suggests that the model geometry and kinematic boundary conditions utilized in this FE model are appropriate, but limitations in the material properties used, as well as potentially the loading boundary conditions represent primary areas for improvement.
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Crenshaw, Jeremy. "Knee-joint loading variability during gait in subjects with knee osteoarthritis." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 42 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338917851&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Czapla, Nicholas. "Development and Validation of a Tibiofemoral Joint Finite Element Model and Subsequent Gait Analysis of Intact ACL and ACL Deficient Individuals." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1488.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative condition of articular cartilage that affects more than 25 million people in the US. Joint injuries, like anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, can lead to OA due to a change in articular cartilage loading. Gait analysis combined with knee joint finite element modeling (FEM) has been used to predict the articular cartilage loading. To predict the change of articular cartilage loading during gait due to various ACL injuries, a tibiofemoral FEM was developed from magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of a 33 year male, with no prior history of knee injuries. The FEM was validated for maximum contact pressure and anterior tibial translation using cadaver knee studies. The FEM was used to model gait of knees with an intact ACL, anteromedial (AM) bundle injury, posterolateral (PL) bundle injury, complete ACL injury, AM deficiency, PL deficiency, complete ACL rupture, as well as a bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) graft. Generally, the predicted maximum contact pressure and contact area increased for all the ACL injuries when compared to intact ACLs. While an increase in maximum contact pressure and contact area is an indication of an increased risk of the development of OA, the percent of increase was typically small suggesting that walking is a safe activity for individuals with ACL injuries.
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Robin, Joshua B. "A paleopathological assessment of osteoarthritis in the lower appendicular joints of individuals from the Kellis 2 cemetery in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4703.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative pathological condition of the appendicular joints which affects the cartilage and underlying bone. OA is relatively common in both the archaeological and clinical context, and a significant amount of research has been conducted on this osteological condition. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the incidence, demographic prevalence, and general severity of hip and knee OA in a Roman-Christian period (50 A.D-450 A.D) population sample from the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt. The bioarchaeological sample originates from the Kellis 2 cemetery which is associated with the ancient town of Kellis. The town of Kellis is believed to have been a prosperous economic hub in Egypt, located in the Western Sahara Desert approximately 250 kilometers west of the Nile. The skeletal samples (n=135, 83 females and 51 males) was visually assessed for the osteological characteristics of OA in the hips and the knees. Joint surfaces of the hip include the acetabulum and femoral head. Joint surfaces of the knee include lateral/medial tibio-femoral compartments and the patellofemoral compartment. The ages of the individuals assessed in this study range from 19-72 years, and have been divided into five age categories which were then cross-tabulated with sex and OA incidence in order to determine demographic prevalence of OA. Findings indicate that age is a significant etiological factor of OA prevalence for both males and females. Males are afflicted by the disease significantly more than females in the hips (F: (L) 3.6%, (R) 5.9% and M: (L) 13.7%, (R) 13.7%) and also slightly more affected in the knees(F: (L) 17.5%, (R) 18.3% and M: (L) 22.9%, (R)21.3%). The acetabulum tends to be more arthritic than the femoral head for both males and females. Femoral condyles tend to be more arthritic than tibial condyles for both males and females.; The patello-femoral compartment tends to be the most arthritic part of the knee while the medial condyles of both tibiae exhibit virtually no OA (with the exception of one individual). The joint surface observed with the highest OA prevalence is the femoral surface of the patella (F: (L) 17.5%, (R) 15.9% and M: (L) 21.3%, (R) 21.3%). The highest prevalence of OA by joint complex is observed on the left knee in males (22.9%), and the lowest prevalence of OA is observed on the left hip of females (3.6%). Both hip and knee joints have higher prevalence of unilateral OA manifestation than bilateral. Isotopic and archaeological evidence indicates that the individuals at Kellis maintained an agricultural subsistence regime, and that the males within the population may have been highly mobile migrating to and from the Dakhleh Oasis. Subsistence agriculture has its necessary physical demands which may have been a contributory factor to OA rates. Males show higher OA rates than females throughout the joints of the legs. Sexual dimorphism of OA for the hips is suggestive of sexual divisions of labor. OA of the knees lacks sexual dimorphism therefore the knee joint complex of males and females were likely subjected to similar levels of mechanical loading. It can be concluded based on the OA data that males and females exhibit similar activity, or biomechanical stress levels in the knee joint complexes. Males exhibit significantly higher pathological manifestation of OA in the hip joint complexes, indicative of higher levels of mechanical loading in the hip joint complex which can theoretically be attributed to sexual divisions of labor or perhaps terrestrial mobility.ID: 030646221; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references.
M.A.
Masters
Anthropology
Sciences
Anthropology
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Briem, Kristin. "Gait and function in knee osteoarthritis effects of hyaluronan injection /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 183 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1601513361&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Mcalinden, Audrey. "Structure and biosynthesis of proteoglycans and non-collagenous proteins in human meniscus." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287395.
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Sluzalska, Katarzyna Dominika [Verfasser]. "Biosynthesis and release of phospholipids by fibroblast-like synoviocytes from human osteoarthritic knee joint / Katarzyna Dominika Sluzalska." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144148189/34.
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Hsieh-Bonassera, Nancy D. "Cartilage tissue engineering with human chondrocytes from osteoarthritic knees and a semi-permeable membrane." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3371857.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Oct. 6, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Cao, Jennifer M. "Design of a Lower Extremity Exoskeleton to Increase Knee ROM during Valgus Bracing for Osteoarthritic Gait." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984268/.
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Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the primary cause of chronic immobility in populations over the age of 65. It is a joint degenerative disease in which the articular cartilage in the knee joint wears down over time, leading to symptoms of pain, instability, joint stiffness, and misalignment of the lower extremities. Without intervention, these symptoms gradually worsen over time, decreasing the overall knee range of motion (ROM) and ability to walk. Current clinical interventions include offloading braces, which mechanically realign the lower extremities to alleviate the pain experienced in the medial compartment of the knee joint. Though these braces have proven effective in pain management, studies have shown a significant decrease in knee ROM while using the brace. Concurrently, development of active exoskeletons for rehabilitative gait has increased within recent years in efforts to provide patients with a more effective intervention for dealing with KOA. Though some developed exoskeletons are promising in their efficacy of fostering gait therapy, these devices are heavy, tethered, difficult to control, unavailable to patients, or costly due to the number of complicated components used to manufacture the device. However, the idea that an active component can improve gait therapy for patients motivates this study. This study proposes the design of an adjustable lower extremity exoskeleton which features a single linear actuator adapted onto a commercially available offloading brace. This design hopes to provide patients with pain alleviation from the brace, while also actively driving the knee through flexion and extension. The design and execution of this exoskeleton was accomplished by 3D computer simulation, 3D CAD modeling, and rapid prototyping techniques. The exoskeleton features 3D printed, ABS plastic struts and supports to achieve successful adaptation of the linear actuator to the brace and an electromechanical system with a rechargeable operating capacity of 7 hours. Design validation was completed by running preliminary gait trials of neutral gait (without brace or exoskeleton), offloading brace, and exoskeleton to observe changes between the different gait scenarios. Results from this testing on a single subject show that there was an observed, significant decrease in average knee ROM in the offloading brace trials from the neutral trials and an observed, significant increase in average knee ROM in the exoskeleton trials when compared to the brace trials as hypothesized. Further evaluation must be completed on the clinical efficacy of this device with a larger, and clinically relevant sample size to assess knee ROM, pain while using the device, and overall comfort level. Further development of this design could focus on material assessment, cost analysis, and risk mitigation through failure mode analysis.
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Sturnieks, Daina Louise. "Variations in gait patterns and recovery of function following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0034.
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[Truncated abstract] Previous research has found that full recovery of knee function following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) is often not achieved, and in the long-term, over 50% of these patients will develop knee osteoarthritis (OA). Mechanical factors are believed to contribute largely to the development of knee OA. High frequency loading has been shown to lead to degenerative joint changes in animal models. In human gait, the knee adduction moment during stance phase, which tends to load the medial articular surface of the tibiofemoral joint, has been associated with the presence, severity and progression of knee OA. Quadriceps weakness, which is common in people with knee pathology, has been associated with abnormal sagittal plane knee moments during gait, yet no studies have investigated the effect of knee strength on frontal plane kinetics. This work aimed to investigate gait mechanics in a post-APM population, determine the influence of neuromuscular factors on gait, and assess recovery of function over 12 months while examining factors associated with recovery. One hundred and six APM subjects were examined between one and three months postsurgery. Data were compared to an age-matched control group of 49 healthy adults. Subjects were aged 20 to 50 years and had been screened for: clinical and radiographic evidence of knee OA; previous or current knee joint disease or injury (other than the current meniscus pathology); or any other previous or existing disease or injury that may have an effect on gait, or predispose to joint disease. Three-dimensional gait analysis was performed at a freely-chosen walking velocity, using a 50 Hz VICON three-dimensional motion analysis system, instrumented with two force platforms and 10-channel electromyography system. Subjects also underwent knee strength testing on a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. Information was collected regarding subject’s physical activity levels, general health and knee function, as well as patient’s surgery specifics and rehabilitation regime.
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Fellows, Christopher R. "Analyses of articular cartilage-derived stem cells : identification of cellular markers for stem cells within the healthy and osteoarthritic knee articular cartilage." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/70446/.
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Previous studies have identified stem cell populations in articular cartilage using colony forming assays and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) marker expression. The specificity of classical MSC markers for isolation of stem cells within articular cartilage is insufficient, with large and highly variable quantities being reported in the literature. This study has demonstrated, for the first time, a panel of stem cell markers specific for articular cartilage-derived stem cells (ACSC). ACSCs were isolated, quantified and cultured from healthy and OA joints. Stem cells were clonally-derived cell lines that proliferated beyond 50 population doublings whilst maintaining a phenotype, and demonstrated tri-lineage potential. We discovered that OA cartilage had a two-fold increase in stem cell number, consisting of two divergent stem cell sub-populations. These divergent populations varied in proliferative capacity with only 50% of stem cells from the OA joint capable of extended proliferation in vitro. Using transcriptomic next generation sequencing of culture-expanded chondrocytes and ACSCs we successfully identified differentially expressed genes and a panel of novel markers of cartilage-specific stem cells. Novel markers were validated using qPCR and protein labelling and, were specifically expressed in ACSCs, with no expression in the culture-expanded full-depth chondrocytes. Using immunofluorescence for novel stem cell markers we found articular cartilage-derived stem cells are localised within the transitional zone in normal cartilage and the superficial zone in OA cartilage. OA cartilage was found to contain a 2-fold increase in stem cells using immunofluorescence. Subsequently, we used the panel of novel markers and fluorescent active cell sorting to isolate a sub-population from full-depth cartilage with stem cell characteristics. These cells were plastic adherent, clonogenic, with proliferative capacity greater than 50PD and displayed tri-lineage potential, therefore meeting all criteria for classification as a MSC population. The use of specific markers to isolate ACSCs will allow for further characterisation of stem cells, including a more in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of proliferation, differentiation and degeneration within articular cartilage.
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Muratovic, Dzenita. "Bone Marrow Lesions in Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/127110.
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Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-identified pathological changes in subchondral bone, closely associated with joint pain and osteo-chondral structural degeneration in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Despite the usefulness of BMLs as diagnostic and prognostic markers in KOA, what they represent at the tissue level remains unclear. Thus, the thesis aim was to perform a comprehensive investigation of BMLs at the tissue level and their relationship with the structural changes in KOA. We hypothesised that BML imaged using MRI reflect changes in subchondral tissue of proximal tibia that related to OA disease severity and/or progression. The first study provided comprehensive tissue characterization of BMLs detected using two [proton density fat saturated (PDFS) and T1)] specific MRI sequences. Multi-modal tissue level analyses of the whole depth of the tibial osteochondral unit were performed. The results from tissue level analyses showed that BMLs detected by specific MRI sequences associate strongly with the degree of structural change in the osteochondral unit in KOA. Specifically, BMLs detected by the combination of PDFS and T1 weighted MR-sequences represent an advanced structural stage of OA disease, while BMLs detected only by PDFS weighted sequence represent less severe OA, and potentially have the ability to resolve. In the second study, potential causal factors (mechanical loading and vascular pathology) of BML formation were investigated by assessing the accumulation of microdamage, and the qualitative and quantitative aspects of blood vessels in BML and non-BML tissue. Increased microdamage density and increased arteriolar density, with altered characteristics of vascular walls, were found in the zones of BML tissue, supporting the notion that both excessive and biomechanically unfavourable loading and vascular pathology contribute to the occurrence of BMLs in tibial subchondral bone tissue. In the third study, a potential role for components of the metabolic syndrome in BML development and its potential influences on the progression of KOA was investigated. Results from this study suggested that a combination of specific metabolic factors such as central obesity with BMI 30 or greater, dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure and high fasting glucose levels might promote the occurrence of BMLs in tibial subchondral bone tissue and that metabolic factors might contribute to the progressive osteochondral degeneration in KOA. The fourth study described microarchitectural changes in whole tibial plateaus (TP), based on the presence/absence of a BML. Tissue from healthy/control knees was also used to compare with that from OA with no BML and OA with BML, to better understand the course of OA disease and BML involvement in disease progression. In comparison with non-OA (control) subjects, the bone microstructure of the subchondral plate and trabeculae varies significantly between subregions of the TP in KOA. Secondly, in KOA subjects, two types of structural changes were identified, which were dependent on the presence or absence of a BML in the TP, and which related to the extent of cartilage degradation. Thirdly, the presence of a BML had implications for the microstructure of regions of the TP beyond the zone of the BML. In conclusion, this series of related studies demonstrates that BMLs as a feature of subchondral bone strongly associate with the progressive state of OA disease and therefore play a significant role in KOA pathogenesis. This demonstrated that BMLs are valuable imaging biomarkers of KOA and that BMLs might provide attractive targets for therapeutic intervention in OA.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, 2018
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Watts, Alexander John. "Optimization of sodium MRI for the human knee at 4.7 tesla." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1431.
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Osteoarthritis is characterized by pain and inflammation in joints, typically weight-bearing joints such as the knee. An early warning sign of osteoarthritis is the loss of proteoglycan molecules in the cartilage matrix. A surrogate method for measuring proteoglycan loss is detection of sodium ions, which ionically bond to negatively charged glycosaminoglycan side chains. Sodium MRI has the potential to non-invasively measure proteoglycan content, and hence act as a diagnostic tool for osteoarthritis. However, as sodium MRI suffers from low sodium concentrations in vivo and reduced MR sensitivity compared to standard proton MRI, techniques are required which optimize signal. This thesis examines the hardware, software, and acquisition techniques required in order to achieve high resolution, excellent quality sodium MR images of the human knee in vivo, which has potential applications in early diagnosis as well as pharmacological treatment evaluations of osteoarthritis.
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Yang, Chih-Chang, and 楊智彰. "Analysis of extracellular matrix degradation enzymes in human knee osteoarthritis pannus tissue." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3r95bf.
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碩士國立陽明大學
解剖暨細胞生物學研究所
97
Summary Objective: The osteoarthritis (OA) is directly correlated with cartilage degradation. This study investigated the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading enzymes, VEGF (an activator of ECM degrading enzymes), and HIF-1α (a transcriptional activator of VEGF) on pannus of osteoarthritis patients. Design: Pannus specimens were obtained from 20 knee joints with OA undergoing arthroscopic surgery or total knee replacement. The expression of MMP-9, -10, -15, -16, ADAMTS-4, TIMP-1, -2, VEGF, VEGFR-2 and HIF-1α were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, IP western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Results: By immunofluorescence staining, MMP-9, -10, -15, -16, ADAMTS-4, TIMP-1, -2, VEGF, VEGFR-2 and HIF-1α were seen to be expressed in pannus of OA patients. Compared to normal human fibroblast-like synoviocytes, the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-9, -10, -15, -16, ADAMTS-4, VEGF, VEGFR-2 and HIF-1α were higher in pannus of OA patients, while TIMP-1, -2 were lower in pannus. Conclusion: Pannus in OA patients expressed significant amount of MMP-9, -10, -15, -16, ADAMTS-4, TIMP-1, -2, VEGF, VEGFR-2 and HIF-1α, which suggests that these enzymes and factors may be involved in pannus invasion or cartilage degradation. Key words: OA, MMPs, Pannus, ADAMTS-4, VEGF, VEGFR-2, ADAMTS-4, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, HIF-1α
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Gödeke, Linus. "μCT-Untersuchung sowie histologische Auswertung zur Knochendichte- und -dickenmessung der subchondralen Kompakta bei Osteoarthrose des Menschen." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3F69-C.
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Perry, Ben D. "The effects of osteoarthritis, acute voluntary inactivity and injury on skeletal muscle function, Na+, K+ -ATPase content and isoform abundance." Thesis, 2014. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/25837/.
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Physical inactivity causes substantial maladaptions in each of skeletal muscle size, strength and endurance. In skeletal muscle the Na+, K+ -ATPase (NKA) enzyme is pivotal in the regulation of Na+ and K+ concentrations across the sarcolemmal and t-tubule membranes and hence in the maintenance of muscle excitability. The NKA content in skeletal muscle is increased by chronic physical activity and reduced by some crhronic injuries and diseases in humans. Knee osteoarthritis, aging, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury adversely affects muscle mass, strength, and can lead to a reduction in physical activity. The detrimental functional effects seen in osteoarthritis and ACL injury may be partially attributable to physical inactivity. Hence, this thesis investigated the effects of several conditions and interventions that involve physical inactivity, including knee osteoarthritis (Study 1), voluntary limb unloading (Study 2) and ACL rupture (Study 3) on skeletal muscle function, muscle NKA content and NKA isoform abundance.