Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human identification'
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Kim, Brian A. (Brian Andrew) 1979. "Multi-source human identification." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29662.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
In this thesis, a multi-source system for human identification is developed. The system uses three sources: face classifier, height classifier, and color classifier. In the process of developing this system, classifier combination and the integration of classifer outputs over sequences of data points were studied in detail. The method of classifier combination used relies on weighing classifiers based on the Maximum Likelihood estimation of class probabilities. The integration of classifer outputs, which is termed "temporal integration" in this thesis, has been developed to take advantage of the information implicitly contained in data correlated through time. In all experiments performed, temporal integration has improved classification, up to 40% in some cases. Meanwhile, the method of temporally integrating the outputs of multiple classifiers fused using our classifier weighting method outperforms all individual classifiers in the system.
by Brian A. Kim.
M.Eng.
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Johansson, Jonathan, and Daniel Wikdahl. "Human identification with radar." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34619.
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Hong, Jie. "Human gait identification and analysis." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7115.
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Human gait identification has become an active area of research due to increased security requirements. Human gait identification is a potential new tool for identifying individuals beyond traditional methods. The emergence of motion capture techniques provided a chance of high accuracy in identification because completely recorded gait information can be recorded compared with security cameras. The aim of this research was to build a practical method of gait identification and investigate the individual characteristics of gait. For this purpose, a gait identification approach was proposed, identification results were compared by different methods, and several studies about the individual characteristics of gait were performed. This research included the following: (1) a novel, effective set of gait features were proposed; (2) gait signatures were extracted by three different methods: statistical method, principal component analysis, and Fourier expansion method; (3) gait identification results were compared by these different methods; (4) two indicators were proposed to evaluate gait features for identification; (5) novel and clear definitions of gait phases and gait cycle were proposed; (6) gait features were investigated by gait phases; (7) principal component analysis and the fixing root method were used to elucidate which features were used to represent gait and why; (8) gait similarity was investigated; (9) gait attractiveness was investigated. This research proposed an efficient framework for identifying individuals from gait via a novel feature set based on 3D motion capture data. A novel evaluating method of gait signatures for identification was proposed. Three different gait signature extraction methods were applied and compared. The average identification rate was over 93%, with the best result close to 100%. This research also proposed a novel dividing method of gait phases, and the different appearances of gait features in eight gait phases were investigated. This research identified the similarities and asymmetric appearances between left body movement and right body movement in gait based on the proposed gait phase dividing method. This research also initiated an analysing method for gait features extraction by the fixing root method. A prediction model of gait attractiveness was built with reasonable accuracy by principal component analysis and linear regression of natural logarithm of parameters. A systematic relationship was observed between the motions of individual markers and the attractiveness ratings. The lower legs and feet were extracted as features of attractiveness by the fixing root method. As an extension of gait research, human seated motion was also investigated.
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Mohd, Hadi Pritam Helmi. "Facial creases in human identification." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2012. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/8d7c0427-13b1-40eb-870f-d01c9d795b7b.
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This thesis is divided into four Phases. The aim of each phase is to identify facial creases useful in human identification.In Phase 1, creases were analysed on peri- and post-embalmed cadavers in CAHID to establish whether or not there is any change to crease with facial bloating. Embalming was chosen to simulate effects seen on a bloated face during decomposition. The results suggested that creases are quite resilient and changes were only detected relating to creases located on the periphery of the face, particularly at areas where the skin is thick, such as at the cheek region. Two new creases not classified in literature were identified on the face; these creases were called vertical superciliary arch lines and the lateral nose crease. Manifestations of these creases were also seen on faces in Phase 2 and 3 of the research. Phase 2 focused on the application of facial creases for the identification of living individuals. Volunteers were obtained from the University of Aberdeen and University of Dundee. Phase 2 was divided further into Phase 2a and Phase 2b. Phase 2a focused on matching creases from video and photograph sources while Phase 2b focused on matching creases from 3D surface scans to face photographs. A higher match rate was obtained for Phase 2a, where the shadows of the creases on two different sources were similar, as compared to the 3D to 2D analysis in Phase 2b. A Bayesian conclusion scale was utilised to categorise the conclusion.Research in Phase 3 focused on establishing facial crease correlation with skull morphology. Material for the research was obtained from William Bass skeletal collection at the University of Tennessee which provided ante-mortem face photographs with related 3D skull surface scans. Superimposition of the creases on the face photographs with the skulls was conducted to enable the visual analysis of the crease location. The qualitative analysis indicated that the infraorbital crease follows the outline of the orbits in 52% of the total subjects. No correlation was obtained between the nasolabial fold (NLF) and the bony surface inferior to the location of the crease. However, the depth of the selected skeletal region indicated the NLF was detected in 95% of the subjects. Quantitative analysis was carried out with the aid of geometric morphometrics (GMM) to analyse the maxilla morphology to establish whether the morphology indicated crease morphology. Geometric morphometric analysis indicated that people with a strong NLF had a long and narrow maxillary region.The conclusions obtained in Phase 3 were tested through a blind study in Phase 4. Analyses of the NLF and infraorbital crease were conducted on the Helmer skull collection available in CAHID. Ten skulls were provided to the researcher for analysis without related ante-mortem photographs. Once analyses were completed, the ante-mortem photographs were supplied and conclusions were obtained by comparing the crease reconstruction to the face photograph. Correct reconstruction was obtained in six of the ten specimens (60%). One case was inconclusive due to poor photograph quality though the location of the crease region appeared to be correct. The three inaccurate results showed an overestimation of the NLF strength, though the location of the crease manifestation was correct.
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Reid, Daniel. "Human identification using soft biometrics." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/352293/.
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Humans naturally use descriptions to verbally convey the appearance of an individual. Eyewitness descriptions are an important resource for many criminal investigations. However, they cannot be used to automatically search databases featuring video or biometric data - reducing the utility of human descriptions in the search for the suspect. Soft biometrics are a new form of biometric identification which uses physical or behavioural traits that can be naturally described by humans. This thesis will explore how soft biometrics can be used alongside traditional biometrics, allowing video footage and biometric data to be searched using a description. To permit soft biometric identification the human description must be accurate, yet conventional descriptions comprising of absolute labels and estimations are often unreliable. A novel method of obtaining human descriptions will be introduced which utilizes comparative categorical labels to describe the differences between subjects. A database of facial and bodily comparative labels is introduced and analysed. Prior to use as a biometric feature, comparative descriptions must be anchored. Several techniques to convert multiple comparative labels into a single relative measurement are explored. Recognition experiments were conducted to assess the discriminative capabilities of relative measurements as a biometric. Relative measurements can also be obtained from other forms of human representation. This is demonstrated using several machine learning techniques to determine relative measurements from gait biometric signatures. Retrieval results are presented showing the ability to automatically search video footage using comparative descriptions.
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Saleh, Mohamed Ibrahim. "Using Ears for Human Identification." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33158.
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Biometrics includes the study of automatic methods for distinguishing human beings based on physical or behavioral traits. The problem of finding good biometric features and recognition methods has been researched extensively in recent years. Our research considers the use of ears as a biometric for human recognition. Researchers have not considered this biometric as much as others, which include fingerprints, irises, and faces. This thesis presents a novel approach to recognize individuals based on their outer ear images through spatial segmentation. This approach to recognizing is also good for dealing with occlusions. The study will present several feature extraction techniques based on spatial segmentation of the ear image. The study will also present a method for classifier fusion. Principal components analysis (PCA) is used in this research for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction. For classification, nearest neighbor classifiers are used. The research also investigates the use of ear images as a supplement to face images in a multimodal biometric system. Our base eigen-ear experiment results in an 84% rank one recognition rate, and the segmentation method yielded improvements up to 94%. Face recognition by itself, using the same approach, gave a 63% rank one recognition rate, but when complimented with ear images in a multimodal system improved to 94% rank one recognition rate.Master of Science
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Sekiguchi, Kazumasa. "Analysis of human mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy for human identification." Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148349.
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Qi, Lin. "Autonomous Identification of Human Activity Regions." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-212052.
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Human activity regions (HARs) are human-centric semantic partitions where observing and/or interacting with humans is likely in indoor environments. HARs are useful for achieving successful human-robot interaction, such as in safe navigation around a building or to know where to be able to assist humans in their activities. In this thesis, a system is designed for generating HARs automatically based on data recorded by robots. This approach to generating HARs is to cluster the areas that are commonly associated with frequent human presence. In order to detect human positions, we employ state-of-the-art perception techniques. The environment that the robot patrols is assumed to be an indoor environment such as an office. We show how we can generate HARs in correct regions by clustering human position data. The experimental evaluations show that we can do so in different indoor environments, with data acquired from different sensors and that the system can handle noise.Mänskliga aktivitetsregioner, HARs (Human Activity Regions) är människocentreraderegioner som ger en semantisk partitionering av inomhusmiljöer. HARs är användbara för att uppnå väl fungerande människarobot- interaktioner. I denna avhandling utformas ett system för att generera HARs automatiskt baserat på data från robotar. Detta görs genom att klustra observationer av människor för att på så vis få fram de områden som är associerade med frekvent mänsklig närvaro. Experiment visar att systemet kan hantera data som registrerats av olika sensorer i olika inomhusmiljöer och att det är robust. Framförallt genererar systemet en pålitlig partitionering av miljön.
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Ivanoiu, Alexandru Paul <1997>. "H.I.P.T - Human Identification and Protection Technology." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/22021.
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The project H.I.P.T it is a project build to protect and keep save all the people on the planet and at the same time reduce pollution.
The project idea is based on creating a software or better a web application that allows us to interact with a chip that will get inserted under the skin.
The chip will take the place of all the credit cards, id cards, passports, fidelity card or any type of card , document that there is in existence.
The chip will be read using an NFC reader, from this NFC reader the unique code will be used by the software in order to identify each person on planet Earth and allowing the people to have full control over their data in any second of their lives.
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Fu, Tseung-yan Clara, and 符祥欣. "Identification of novel parvoviruses in human and animals." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085301.
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Wong, Vincent. "Human face recognition /." Online version of thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11882.
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MacNeil, Jon Bart. "Identification of time-varying human joint dynamics." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59654.
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In order to develop a comprehensive model of the motor control system the time-varying nature of joint dynamics must be addressed. However, it has not previously been possible to quantitatively observe changes in joint dynamics during a transition of state. In this work, a recently developed method for identification of linear time-varying dynamic systems from ensemble data has been used to obtain models of neuromuscular dynamics during a rapid contraction. The method, based on singular value decomposition, provides a series of nonparametric (impulse response function) models of a system's dynamics without a priori knowledge of its dynamic structure or time-variation, thus enabling study of the neuromuscular system during natural activity.Application of this method to simulated and experimental data has shown it to be robust and accurate. Ankle dynamics have been tracked during voluntary isometric contraction of triceps surae, revealing behaviour more complex than second-order, characterized by a decrease in the joint's resistance to low frequency perturbations.
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Chandler, Phillip Richard. "The identification of human minor histocompability antigens." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239604.
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Martinho-Corbishley, Daniel. "Discovering human descriptions for ubiquitous visual identification." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/420947/.
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Identifying suspects in surveillance footage is paramount in ensuring public safety, preventing crime, policing and forensic investigation. At present, finding an individual in real-world CCTV footage given only an eye-witness description is near impossible. The vast majority of contemporary research assumes coarse, expertly-defined categories to describe subjects, ineffective in dealing with unconstrained, low quality and obscured images. Such brittle representations hamper semantic image discrimination and the ability to learn robust predictors from challenging subject matter. This thesis explores human and machine centric techniques for representing and learning semantic human descriptions for suspect identification. By investigating the duality of human-machine communication, we enhance the capabilities of traditional attributes and soft biometric descriptors, expanding their versatility and applicability towards challenging images and large-scale surveillance datasets. We experiment with crowdsourcing human annotations using ordered and similarity comparisons, and estimating attributes from images employing a variety of state-of-the-art machine learning techniques. Our focus is on utilising a lean lexicon of global and body characteristics that are most pertinent when estimated from stand-alone surveillance footage. Significant improvements in suspect retrieval and identification performance are achieved by discovering enhanced soft biometric descriptions which represent visual trait characteristics with more precision and relevance. This work evolves the areas of soft biometrics and identity science, drawing ideas from contemporary image attribute recognition, semantic attribute discovery, pedestrian reidentification and perceptual psychology. Our findings indicate that increasing not only the volume, but the complexity of information conveyed between humans and machines is key in deploying soft biometrics ubiquitously.
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Freitas, Maria João Martinho de. "Identification of TCTEX1D4 interactome in human testis." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9746.
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Mestrado em Biomedicina MolecularT-complex testis expressed protein 1 domain containing 4 (TCTEX1D4) é uma cadeia leve de dineina identificada como sendo uma proteina que interage, no testículo humano, com a fosfoproteina fosfatase 1. As funções específicas da TCTEX1D4 ainda são desconhecidas e identificar as suas proteinas interactoras pode ilucidar sobre as funções desta. Foi aplicado o método de dois híbrido de levedura com o intuito de identificar o interactoma da TCTEX1D4. Foram obtidos 494 clones positivos, dos quais 86 foram identificados correspondendo a 44 diferentes proteinas. Uma análise in silico das características funcionas de todas as proteinas identificadas revelou que as proteinas que interagem com a TCTEX1D4 apresentam funções tão diversas como ligação a iões, ligação ao DNA e actividade peptídica. Também foram obtidas os padrões de expressão em diversos tecidos da base de dados UniGene. Duas proteinas que interagem com TCTEX1D4 são específicas de testículo enquanto 5 são enriquecidas nestes tecido. A rede de interação da TCTEX1D4 foi construída no Cytoscape e combinando os padrões de expressão foi possível identificar possíveis complexos proteicos da TCTEX1D4 específicos ou enriquecidos no testículo. Os complexos TCTEX1D4/TCTEX1D2 e TCTEX1D4/CRISP2 foram caracterizados mais profundamente, revelando que a TCTEX1D4 pode estar envolvida na reação acrossómica, mobilidade do espermatozoide e na interação célula-célula. Em conclusão as funções da TCTEXD4 ainda são desconhecidas mas a identificação e caracterização do seu interactoma ajuda a revelar as suas possiveis funções.
T-complex testis expressed protein 1 domain containing 4 (TCTEX1D4) is a dynein light chain that was identified as a phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 interacting partner in human testis. The specific functions of TCTEX1D4 in testis are still unknown and identification of TCTEX1D4 interacting proteins can ilucidate possible functions of this protein. A yeast two hybrid approach was undertook to identify the TCTEX1D4 interactome. We obtained 494 positive clones from which 86 clones were identified corresponding to 44 different proteins. An in silico analyzis was performed for all proteins identified. In silico functional characterization of TCTEX1D4 interactome reveald its diverse in cellular functions ranging from proteins with ion binding function to DNA binding and peptidase activity. Also a tissue expression distribution was obtained from UniGene database and 2 specififc testis and 5 testis enriched TCTEX1D4 interacting proteins were identified. A TCTEX1D4 network was constructed n Cytoscape and combining tissues expression profiles we were able to identified possble TCTEX1D4 protein complexes specific or enriched in testis. Two TCTEX1D4 protein complexes TCTEX1D4/TCTEX1D2 and TCTEX1D4/CRISP2 were further studied revealing that TCTEX1D4 may be involved in acrosome reaction, sperm motility and cell-cell interaction. In conclusion TCTEX1D4 is still known but identification and characterization of its interactome can help unveil its putative functions.
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Yoshida, Kanako. "Analysis of DNA polymorphisms for human identification." Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181418.
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Barros, Rita Henriques Pinto de. "Identification of signalling pathways involved in CDX2 regulation in metaplastic lesions." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/55321.
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Barros, Rita Henriques Pinto de. "Identification of signalling pathways involved in CDX2 regulation in metaplastic lesions." Tese, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/55321.
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Croker, Sarah L. "Comparative cortical bone thickness in human and non-human mammal long bones : biomechanical and forensic perspectives." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24898.
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The determination of the human or non-human origin of skeletal material can be particularly
difficult if the bone is fragmented. It has been suggested that differences in the thickness of
the cortical bone between human and non-human mammal long bones may be used to
distinguish them, though little clear data exist. The aim of this thesis was to determine the
extent of such difference, and whether it could be used to identify fragments of bone shafts.
Potential differences in cortical bone thickness were investigated by comparing adult human
limb bones (humerus, radius, femur and tibia) with those of kangaroos, sheep, pigs, large
dogs and cattle. Each bone was radiographed in two projections perpendicular to each other,
allowing measurement of the medial, lateral, anterior and posterior cortices and the shaft
diameters in each projection at five sites located down the length of the shaft. A qualitative
assessment of comparative radiographic differences was made; and corrections for
radiographic magnification and tests of observer error ensured the validity of the study data.
Cortical bone thickness, shaft diameter, and an index of relative cortical thickness to shaft
diameter were compared across all groups. Tests between humans and each non-human group
showed significant differences in several cases, though this depended on which part of the
shaft, skeletal element, particular non-human mammal, and sex of the human sample was
being compared. Previous research stating an overall difference, especially that non-human
bones were relatively thicker, was not supported.
Discriminant function analysis was used to show whether distinction between human and
non-human shaft fragments was possible using the combination of shaft diameter and cortical
bone thickness measurements from a single measurement site. One analysis compared all
skeletal elements together, yielding a cross-validated rate of correct classification of 69.5%.
Though this rate of classification is not high enough to serve as a standalone method, it does
represent a simple, useful tool to provide quantitative support to other identification methods.
Expected patterns of greater cortical bone thickness in relation to greater loading of the long
bones were not clearly apparent. It is perhaps too simplistic to expect just one factor to
influence cortical bone thickness, or that just this feature can distinguish all human from nonhuman
bone fragments. Nevertheless, the data in this thesis provide a valuable contribution to
assist in solving the difficult problem of the identification of bone fragments.
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Armstrong, Kathryn A. "Identification : a way in /." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11102009-020041/.
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Niu, Feng. "Human Activity Recognition and Pathological Gait Pattern Identification." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/247.
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Human activity analysis has attracted great interest from computer vision researchers due to its promising applications in many areas such as automated visual surveillance, computer-human interactions, and motion-based identification and diagnosis. This dissertation presents work in two areas: general human activity recognition from video, and human activity analysis for the purpose of identifying pathological gait from both 3D captured data and from video. Even though the research in human activity recognition has been going on for many years, still there are many issues that need more research. This includes the effective representation and modeling of human activities and the segmentation of sequences of continuous activities. In this thesis we present an algorithm that combines shape and motion features to represent human activities. In order to handle the activity recognition from any viewing angle we quantize the viewing direction and build a set of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), where each model represents the activity from a given view. Finally, a voting based algorithm is used to segment and recognize a sequence of human activities from video. Our method of representing activities has good attributes and is suitable for both low resolution and high resolution video. The voting based algorithm performs the segmentation and recognition simultaneously. Experiments on two sets of video clips of different activities show that our method is effective. Our work on identifying pathological gait is based on the assumption of gait symmetry. Previous work on gait analysis measures the symmetry of gait based on Ground Reaction Force data, stance time, swing time or step length. Since the trajectories of the body parts contain information about the whole body movement, we measure the symmetry of the gait based on the trajectories of the body parts. Two algorithms, which can work with different data sources, are presented. The first algorithm works on 3D motion-captured data and the second works on video data. Both algorithms use support vector machine (SVM) for classification. Each of the two methods has three steps: the first step is data preparation, i.e., obtaining the trajectories of the body parts; the second step is gait representation based on a measure of gait symmetry; and the last step is SVM based classification. For 3D motion-captured data, a set of features based on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is used to represent the gait. We demonstrate the accuracy of the classification by a set of experiments that shows that the method for 3D motion-captured data is highly effective. For video data, a model based tracking algorithm for human body parts is developed for preparing the data. Then, a symmetry measure that works on the sequence of 2D data, i.e. sequence of video frames, is derived to represent the gait. We performed experiments on both 2D projected data and real video data to examine this algorithm. The experimental results on 2D projected data showed that the presented algorithm is promising for identifying pathological gait from video. The experimental results on the real video data are not good as the results on 2D projected data. We believe that better results could be obtained if the accuracy of the tracking algorithm is improved.
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Melin, Malin. "Identification of Candidate Genes in Four Human Disorders." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7344.
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Satijn, David Pierre Elisabeth. "Identification and characterization of human polycomb-group proteins." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/82593.
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Génadry, Walid François. "System identification of human ankle muscles activation dynamics." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65456.
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Bhatia, Prateek. "Identification and characterization of transporters in human gliomas." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2013. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/4691/.
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Functional overexpression of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters at the cell surface is thought to be responsible for clinical multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumours of the brain. Inhibition of ABC transporters by existing inhibitors has proven to be inconclusive. This research program hypothesized an alternative location for the ABC transporters in glioblastoma cells and also proposed to develop stationary phases for the identification of ABC transporters inhibitors. Expression profile investigation of P-glycoprotein (PGP), multidrug resistant protein 1 (MRP1), multidrug resistant protein 2 (MRP2) and the breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) in glioblastoma multiforme cell lines and clinical patient specimens suggested varying levels of expression. Localisation studies by confocal microscopy confirmed cell surface expression and also indicated that BCRP was localised at the nucleus of the T98 and LN229 cells. Immunoblots of LN229 nuclear extracts indicated ~ 2 fold higher expression of BCRP as compared to cytoplasmic extracts. Immunohistochemistry studies with clinical samples confirmed the nuclear and perinuclear location of BCRP. IC50 value for Mitoxantrone (MTX); a BCRP substrate was calculated as 0.29 ± 0.020 μM for the LN229 cell line, and pre-treatment with the cell impermeant fumitremorgin C 3 (FTC, 5 μM) slightly reduced the IC50 value to 0.16 ± 0.087 μM. This refractoriness to FTC is in contrast with the literature showing a ~ 6-fold reduction in IC50 value of MTX upon pre-treatment with FTC in human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line with ectopic expression of BCRP. The results supported the notion that the nuclear presence of endogenously expressed BCRP actively extrudes MTX, and that because FTC is not able to inhibit the nuclear BCRP, significant reduction in the IC50 was not observed. The results suggest that the treatment of clinical MDR should be expanded to include inhibition of ABC transporters functioning at the nuclear membrane. Cellular membrane affinity chromatography columns were developed for the study of the MRP1, MRP2 and BCRP using Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells that had been stably transfected with human Mrp1, Mrp2 or Bcrp cDNA. The resulting columns and a control column were characterized using frontal affinity chromatography using [3H]-etoposide as the marker ligand and etoposide, benzbromarone and MK571 as the displacers on the CMAC(Sf9MRP1) column, etoposide and furosemide on the CMAC(Sf9MRP2) column and etoposide and fumitremorgin C on the CMAC(Sf9BCRP) column. The binding affinities obtained from the chromatographic studies were consistent with the data obtained using non-chromatographic techniques and the results indicate that the immobilized MRP1, MRP2 and BCRP transporters retained their ability to selectively bind known ligands. The results indicated that the CMAC(Sf9MRP1), CMAC(Sf9MRP2) and CMAC(Sf9BCRP) columns can be used for the study of binding to the MRP1, 4 MRP2 and BCRP transporters and that membranes from the Sf9 cell line can be used to prepare CMAC columns. This study expands our knowledge of the ABC transporters and makes a case for the finding that nuclear efflux proteins play a pivotal role in the overall MDR phenotype in CNS tumours. Also the CMAC columns developed and characterised provide a tool to study the binding of potential therapeutic candidates to ABC proteins.
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Balisane, Hewa. "Human gait analysis for biometric identification and authentication." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539385.
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The study of biometrics is concerned with any human physiological or behavioural characteristic which is universal, unique and measurable. Biometric systems operate by acquiring biometric data from individuals, extracting feature sets from data and comparing this feature with the enrolment set in a database. The aIm of this research is to compare the performance of gait-based user recognition of children with adults. Existing analyses techniques in gait-based recognition using wearable sensors for adults are applied to gait analyses in children. This is the first known study to be conducted on children (5-16 years old) for biometric gait recognition. Results presented here show that the performance degradation for children's walking compared to adult walking is approximately 100%. In comparable settings, a 6.21 % Equal Error Rate (EER) for adult gait recognition was reached, whilst for children's walking an EER of 12.69% was achieved. The performance of children's walking whilst carrying an object has also been studied. Results show that carrying an object actually improves the performance when walking normally, but when the children were asked to walk faster the walking becomes unstable, resulting in a higher Equal Error Rate (EER). A comparative investigation of the effects of time on gait recognition in children's walking pattern was carried out. The effects of age and gender have also been considered. In addition, children were tested six months apart; with the sensor on the hip position the performance of gait recognition shows significant variations with EER values. Abstract Finally, this thesis offers for the first time a coupled approach of statistical timedomain and frequency domain methods have been employed in order to match biometric gait signals. It has been shown that initially using root mean squared, crest-factor and kurtosis obtained similar matches in gait signals of children for the ages of 5-16 than for the traditional methods. Hence these novel methods employed can be exploited to verify these more established methods resident in gait recognition software.
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Miles, Amanda Kathleen. "Serological identification and characterisation of human tumour antigens." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410525.
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Duncan-Drake, Natasha. "Exploiting human expert techniques in automated writer identification." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365222.
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Wang, Hanxiao. "Minimising human annotation for scalable person re-identification." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/30884.
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Among the diverse tasks performed by an intelligent distributed multi-camera surveillance system, person re-identification (re-id) is one of the most essential. Re-id refers to associating an individual or a group of people across non-overlapping cameras at different times and locations, and forms the foundation of a variety of applications ranging from security and forensic search to quotidian retail and health care. Though attracted rapidly increasing academic interests over the past decade, it still remains a non-trivial and unsolved problem for launching a practical reid system in real-world environments, due to the ambiguous and noisy feature of surveillance data and the potentially dramatic visual appearance changes caused by uncontrolled variations in human poses and divergent viewing conditions across distributed camera views. To mitigate such visual ambiguity and appearance variations, most existing re-id approaches rely on constructing fully supervised machine learning models with extensively labelled training datasets which is unscalable for practical applications in the real-world. Particularly, human annotators must exhaustively search over a vast quantity of offline collected data, manually label cross-view matched images of a large population between every possible camera pair. Nonetheless, having the prohibitively expensive human efforts dissipated, a trained re-id model is often not easily generalisable and transferable, due to the elastic and dynamic operating conditions of a surveillance system. With such motivations, this thesis proposes several scalable re-id approaches with significantly reduced human supervision, readily applied to practical applications. More specifically, this thesis has developed and investigated four new approaches for reducing human labelling effort in real-world re-id as follows: Chapter 3 The first approach is affinity mining from unlabelled data. Different from most existing supervised approaches, this work aims to model the discriminative information for reid without exploiting human annotations, but from the vast amount of unlabelled person image data, thus applicable to both semi-supervised and unsupervised re-id. It is non-trivial since the human annotated identity matching correspondence is often the key to discriminative re-id modelling. In this chapter, an alternative strategy is explored by specifically mining two types of affinity relationships among unlabelled data: (1) inter-view data affinity and (2) intra-view data affinity. In particular, with such affinity information encoded as constraints, a Regularised Kernel Subspace Learning model is developed to explicitly reduce inter-view appearance variations and meanwhile enhance intra-view appearance disparity for more discriminative re-id matching. Consequently, annotation costs can be immensely alleviated and a scalable re-id model is readily to be leveraged to plenty of unlabelled data which is inexpensive to collect. Chapter 4 The second approach is saliency discovery from unlabelled data. This chapter continues to investigate the problem of what can be learned in unlabelled images without identity labels annotated by human. Other than affinity mining as proposed by Chapter 3, a different solution is proposed. That is, to discover localised visual appearance saliency of person appearances. Intuitively, salient and atypical appearances of human are able to uniquely and representatively describe and identify an individual, whilst also often robust to view changes and detection variances. Motivated by this, an unsupervised Generative Topic Saliency model is proposed to jointly perform foreground extraction, saliency detection, as well as discriminative re-id matching. This approach completely avoids the exhaustive annotation effort for model training, and thus better scales to real-world applications. Moreover, its automatically discovered re-id saliency representations are shown to be semantically interpretable, suitable for generating useful visual analysis for deployable user-oriented software tools. Chapter 5 The third approach is incremental learning from actively labelled data. Since learning from unlabelled data alone yields less discriminative matching results, and in some cases there will be limited human labelling resources available for re-id modelling, this chapter thus investigate the problem of how to maximise a model's discriminative capability with minimised labelling efforts. The challenges are to (1) automatically select the most representative data from a vast number of noisy/ambiguous unlabelled data in order to maximise model discrimination capacity; and (2) incrementally update the model parameters to accelerate machine responses and reduce human waiting time. To that end, this thesis proposes a regression based re-id model, characterised by its very fast and efficient incremental model updates. Furthermore, an effective active data sampling algorithm with three novel joint exploration-exploitation criteria is designed, to make automatic data selection feasible with notably reduced human labelling costs. Such an approach ensures annotations to be spent only on very few data samples which are most critical to model's generalisation capability, instead of being exhausted by blindly labelling many noisy and redundant training samples. Chapter 6 The last technical area of this thesis is human-in-the-loop learning from relevance feedback. Whilst former chapters mainly investigate techniques to reduce human supervision for model training, this chapter motivates a novel research area to further minimise human efforts spent in the re-id deployment stage. In real-world applications where camera network and potential gallery size increases dramatically, even the state-of-the-art re-id models generate much inferior re-id performances and human involvements at deployment stage is inevitable. To minimise such human efforts and maximise re-id performance, this thesis explores an alternative approach to re-id by formulating a hybrid human-computer learning paradigm with humans in the model matching loop. Specifically, a Human Verification Incremental Learning model is formulated which does not require any pre-labelled training data, therefore scalable to new camera pairs; Moreover, the proposed model learns cumulatively from human feedback to provide an instant improvement to re-id ranking of each probe on-the-fly, thus scalable to large gallery sizes. It has been demonstrated that the proposed re-id model achieves significantly superior re-id results whilst only consumes much less human supervision effort. For facilitating a holistic understanding about this thesis, the main studies are summarised and framed into a graphical abstract.
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Jaha, Emad Sami. "Soft biometrics using clothing attributes for human identification." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/413484/.
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Recently, soft biometrics has emerged as a novel attribute-based person description for identification. It is likely that soft biometrics can be deployed where other biometrics cannot, and have stronger invariance properties than traditional vision-based biometrics, such as invariance to illumination and contrast. Previously, a variety of soft body and face biometrics have been used for identifying people and have increasingly garnered more research interest and are often considered as major cues for identity, especially in the absence of valid traditional hard biometrics, as in surveillance. Describing a person by their clothing properties is a natural task performed by people. As yet, clothing descriptions have attracted little attention for biometric purposes as it has been considered unlikely to be a potential cue to identity. There has been some usage of clothing attributes to augment biometric description, but a detailed description has yet to be used. In everyday life, several cases and incidents arise highlighting the usefulness and capability of information deduced from clothing regarding identity. Clothing is inherently more effective for short-term identification, since people can change clothes. This thesis introduces semantic clothing attributes as a new form of soft biometrics. The usability and efficacy of a novel set of proposed soft clothing traits is explored, showing how they can be exploited for human identification and re-identification purposes. Furthermore, the viability of these traits is investigated in correctly retrieving a subject of interest, given a verbal description of their clothing. The capability of clothing information is further examined in more realistic scenarios offering viewpoint invariant subject retrieval. Although clothing traits can be naturally described or compared by humans for operable and successful use, it is desirable to exploit computer-vision to enrich clothing descriptions with more objective and discriminative information. This allows automatic extraction and semantic description and comparison of visually detectable clothing traits in a manner similar to recognition by eyewitness statements. This thesis proposes further a novel set of automatic clothing attributes, described using small groups of high-level semantic labels, and automatically extracted using computer-vision techniques. In this way, we can explore the capability of clothing attributes inferred by human vis-a-vis those which are inferred automatically by computer-vision. Extended analysis of clothing information is conducted. Human identification and retrieval are achieved, evaluated, and compared using different proposed forms of soft clothing biometrics in addition and in isolation. The experimental results of identification and retrieval highlight clothing attributes as a potentially valuable addition to the field of soft biometrics.
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Markström, Ida. "Identification of mycotoxins and glyphosate in human plasma." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86110.
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Type one diabetes (T1D) and islet autoimmunity (IA) in people with a genetically susceptibility for the diseases can be triggered by environmental factors. It is earlier showed that the diet can be one of the environmental factors as it has been indicated that a cereal rich diet can increase the risk of developing IA. In this study, we investigated blood plasma samples from a study done by L. Hakolas on children that have genetic risk of developing T1D and IA, with a focus on dietary contaminants originating from cereals. Mycotoxins often found on cereals could be one of the environmental factors triggering the development of the diseases. To see if this could be the case a method based on a liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole-time of flight (LC-QTOF) was developed for the analysis of mycotoxins and glyphosate; MS/MS mode was used after that to confirm the identity of the compounds. For sample preparation, protein precipitation of the plasma samples was applied. The method was optimized by analyzing 5 mycotoxin standards and a list of suspected compounds that could be found in the screening to make sure the method could separate all the compounds. Test plasma samples was also analyzed to determine the optimal plasma volume (100 mL) for extraction and injection volume (15mL). For the data preprocessing, MZmine software was used and could tentatively identify some of the mycotoxins based on accurate mass acquisition. After comparing the signal against the background noise, Ergotaminine, FB1, Gly and HT-2 and NIV were identified. As quality control three replicates of a pooled sample were analysed, using both positive and negative ionization modes. From the pooled sample mean, standard deviation (STD) and relative standard deviation (RSD) were calculated showing some variation among the plasma sample for some mycotoxins e.g., Gly. The results presented in this report show that some mycotoxins do occur in the blood plasma and that the amounts of the mycotoxins varied. However, how these mycotoxins can affect the progress of T1D and IA is still unknown and requires further studies.
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Bąk, Slawomir. "Human re-identification through a video camera network." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4040.
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Ce manuscrit de thèse a pour sujet la ré-identification de personne basée sur leur apparence à partir d’images et de vidéos. La ré-identification de personne consiste à déterminer si un individu donné est déjà apparu sur un réseau de caméras. Ce problème est particulièrement difficile car l’apparence change significativement entre les différentes vues de caméras, où les variations de points de vue, d’illumination et de position de l’objet, rendent le problème difficile. Nous nous concentrons sur le développement de modèles d’apparence robustes quoi sont en mesure de faire correspondre les apparences humaines enregistrées dans des vues de caméra disjointes. Comme la représentation de régions d’image est fondamentale pour la mise en correspondance d’apparence, nous étudions différents types de descripteurs d’images. Ces différents descripteurs impliquent des stratégies différentes pour la mise ne correspondance d’apparence, impliquant des modèles différents pour la représentation des apparences de personne. En appliquant des techniques d’apprentissage automatique, nous générons des modèles descriptifs et discriminatoires, qui améliorent la distinction des caractéristiques extraites, améliorant ainsi la précision de ré-identification. Cette thèse a les contributions suivantes. Nous proposons six techniques de ré-identification humaine. Les deux premières appartiennent aux approches single-shot, dans lesquelles une seule image est suffisante pour extraire un signature fiable de personne. Ces approches divisent le corps humain en différentes parties de corps prédéfinies, puise extraient les caractéristiques de l’image. Cela permet de mettre en correspondance les différentes parties du corps en comparant les signatures. Les quatre autres méthodes abordent le problème de ré-identification à l’aide de signatures calculées à partir de plusieurs images (multiple-shot). Nous proposons deux techniques qui apprennent en ligne le modèle d’apparence humaine en utilisant un schéma de boosting. Les approches de boosting améliorent la précision de la reconnaissance, au détriment du temps de calcul. Les deux dernières approches assument un modèle prédéfini, ou un apprentissage hors-ligne des modèles, pour réduire le temps de calcul. Nous constatons que le descripteur de covariance est en général le meilleur descripteur pour la mise en correspondance des apparences dans des vues de caméras disjointes. Comme l’opérateur de distance de ce descripteur nécessite un calcul intensif, nous proposons également une nouvelle implémentation utilisant le GPU qui accélère considérablement les temps de calcul. Nos expériences suggèrent que la moyenne Riemannienne des covariances calculée à partir de plusieurs images améliore les performances par rapport aux techniques de ré-identification de personne de l’état de l’art. Enfin, nous proposons deux nouvelles bases d’images d’individus pour évaluer le scénario multiple-shotThis thesis targets the appearance-based re-identification of humans in images and videos. Human re-identification is defined as a requirement to determine whether a given individual has already appeared over a network of cameras. This problem is particularly hard by significant appearance changes across different camera views, where variations in viewing angle, illumination and object pose, make the problem challenging. We focus on developing robust appearance models that are able to match human appearances registered in disjoint camera views. As encoding of image regions is fundamental for appearance matching, we study different kinds of image descriptors. These different descriptors imply different strategies for appearance matching, bringing different models for the human appearance representation. By applying machine learning techniques, we generate descriptive and discriminative models, which enhance distinctive characteristics of extracted features, improving re-identification accuracy. This thesis makes the following contributions. We propose six techniques for human re-identification. The first two belong to single-shot approaches, in which a single image is sufficient to extract a robust signature. These approaches divide the human body into the predefined body parts and then extract image features. This allows to establish the corresponding body parts, while comparing signatures. The remaining four methods address the re-identification problem using signatures computed from multiple images (multiple-shot case). We propose two techniques which learn online the human appearance model using a boosting scheme. The boosting approaches improve recognition accuracy at the expense of time consumption. The last two approaches either assume the predefined model, or learn offline a model, to meet time requirements. We find that covariance feature is in general the best descriptor for matching appearances across disjoint camera views. As a distance operator of this descriptor is computationally intensive, we also propose a new GPU-based implementation which significantly speeds up computations. Our experiments suggest that mean Riemannian covariance computed from multiple images improves state of the art performance of human re-identification techniques. Finally, we extract two new image sets of individuals for evaluating the multiple-shot scenario
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Fu, Tseung-yan Clara. "Identification of novel parvoviruses in human and animals." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085301.
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Cowle, Kenneth M. "Accuracy Variations in Human Facial Identification Based on Time of Exposure." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5415/.
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This study examined the relationship between time of exposure to the human face and accurate subsequent photo line-up identification. A volunteer group of 124 undergraduate students was divided into three approximately equal sized subgroups. The three groups were then exposed to a video or a portion of a video depicting a theft. Exposure times ranged from two minutes to 30 seconds. The subjects were then given a questionnaire and shown a photo line-up of the mock perpetrator and five foils. Subjects were asked to identify the perpetrator and mark that identification on the questionnaire. Results of the experiment indicated that the longer a subject was exposed the greater the possibility of an accurate identification.
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Zhang, Xingye. "A SUBSYSTEM IDENTIFICATION APPROACH TO MODELING HUMAN CONTROL BEHAVIOR AND STUDYING HUMAN LEARNING." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/70.
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Humans learn to interact with many complex dynamic systems such as helicopters, bicycles, and automobiles. This dissertation develops a subsystem identification method to model the control strategies that human subjects use in experiments where they interact with dynamic systems. This work provides new results on the control strategies that humans learn.
We present a novel subsystem identification algorithm, which can identify unknown linear time-invariant feedback and feedforward subsystems interconnected with a known linear time-invariant subsystem. These subsystem identification algorithms are analyzed in the cases of noiseless and noisy data.
We present results from human-in-the-loop experiments, where human subjects in- teract with a dynamic system multiple times over several days. Each subject’s control behavior is assumed to have feedforward (or anticipatory) and feedback (or reactive) components, and is modeled using experimental data and the new subsystem identifi- cation algorithms. The best-fit models of the subjects’ behavior suggest that humans learn to control dynamic systems by approximating the inverse of the dynamic system in feedforward. This observation supports the internal model hypothesis in neuro- science. We also examine the impact of system zeros on a human’s ability to control a dynamic system, and on the control strategies that humans employ.
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Johnson, Amos Y. Jr. "A method for human identification using static, activity-specific parameters." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15793.
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Mori, Shuj. "Dynamic information model of identification performance." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31072.
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This dissertation examined analysis methods and models of sequential dependencies in absolute identification responses. It has been reported that observers' absolute identification responses are strongly affected by previous stimuli and responses, although there is no agreed-upon method of analysis of these sequential dependencies. In this thesis, I used for this purpose multivariate information analysis (Garner, 1962; Garner & McGill, 1956; McGill, 1954), which is an extension of one-input one-output contingent uncertainty (information transmission) to the multivariate case. Multivariate information analysis is preferred to other methods because statistically it is a nonmetric analysis of categorical data, such as those from an absolute identification experiment (Krippendorf, 1986). However, there are some difficulties in its application to empirical data. For example, it is known that information measures are likely to be inflated (or overestimated) when there are a small number of observations per stimulus relative to a large number of variables involved in the calculation (e.g., Houtsma, 1983). Since no previous research had dealt with the inflation problem of multivariate information measures, I ran extensive computer simulations of absolute identification and calculated the multivariate information measures as a function of the number of observations and the number of variables used in the calculation. As expected, the multivariate information measures were inflated for a small number of observations, and they reached their theoretical and/or asymptotic values as larger numbers of observations were used to calculate them. To solve the inflation problem, I used the results of the computer simulations and a method of pooling individual data to estimate the amount of inflation of the information measures and correct them accordingly.
Previous studies had suggested that there are three important factors affecting sequential dependencies in absolute identification responses: the amount of stimulus information available to the observers (measured by the amount of information transmission), the number of stimulus/response categories, and giving observers trial-by-trial feedback. To investigate these three factors systematically, I conducted seven absolute identification experiments and analyzed the resulting data by multivariate information analysis with the correction method mentioned above. The results confirmed previous results as follows: (1) The amount of sequential dependencies was inversely related to the amount of information transmission
(McGill, 1957; Mori, 1989; Ward & Lockhead, 1971).
(2) The amount of sequential dependencies increased with an increasing number of stimulus/response categories (Garner, 1953).
(3) The dependency on the previous stimulus was larger when feedback was given than when it was not, and the dependency on the previous response was smaller when feedback was given (Ward & Lockhead, 1971). The results (1) and (2) can be interpreted as an increase of the amount of sequential dependencies with the increasing complexity of making judgments in the task (Garner, 1953). Since the present results were obtained across stimulus modalities (e.g., sound frequency, brightness, visual position), they support the idea that sequential dependencies in absolute identification responses arise mostly from the observer's response processes in the absolute identification task (e.g., Garner, 1953; Ward & Lockhead, 1971). Finally, two general models of absolute identification (Braida & Durlach, 1988; Treisman, 1985) were examined to interpret the pattern of sequential dependencies and other results obtained in this thesis. While some aspects of Braida & Durlach's (1988) model were disconfirmed by the present results (although the model does not make explicit predictions about the type of sequential dependencies obtained in the present study), the present results fit quite well with Treisman's (1985) model, with a few exceptions.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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van, Heel David Alexander. "Identification of inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility genes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249199.
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Alkhayat, Abdulqader Ibrahim. "Forensic evaluation study of MVR-PCR at D18S of an Arab population using capillary electrophoresis." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288740.
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Man, Chun Him. "Human face image searching system with relevance feedback using sketch." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/618.
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Schaller, Susanne. "Identification of Housekeeping Genes in Human Embryonic Stem Cells." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-3508.
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Omanovic, Maja. "Matching of Dental X-rays for Human Forensic Identification." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2939.
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Dental records have been widely used as tools in forensic identification. With the vast volume of cases that need to be investigated by forensic odontologists, a move towards a computer-aided dental identification system is necessary. We propose a computer-aided framework for efficient matching of dental x-rays for human identification purposes. Given a dental x-ray with a marked region of interest (ROI), we search the database of x-rays (presumed to be taken from known individuals) to retrieve a closest match. In this work we use a slightly extended Weighted Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) cost function to express the degree of similarity/overlap between two dental radiographs. Unlike other iterative Least Squares methods that use local information for gradient-based optimization, our method finds the globally optimal translation. In 90% of the identification trials, our method ranked the correct match in the top 10% using a database of 571 images. Experiments indicate that matching dental records using the extended SSD cost function is a viable method for human dental identification.
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Fagergren, Anders. "A multidisciplinary system identification of the human precision grip /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-632-4.
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Nielsen, Torsten. "Human origins of DNA replication : identification, analysis and application." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40411.
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While replication origins, cis-acting sequences directing the initiation of DNA synthesis, have been well-characterized in many model organisms, the multiple sequence and protein components present at the chromosomal origins of higher eukaryotic organisms have not yet been fully defined. Genetic assays that identify origin function in cloned DNA fragments would provide a useful approach for the isolation and analysis of mammalian DNA replication origins.In this thesis, (1) cloned fragments from a known mammalian origin, the ori$ beta$ of the hamster 3$ sp prime$ DHFR region, are demonstrated to replicate autonomously, both following transfection into human cells, and when used as templates in an in vitro replication system based on human cell extracts; (2) larger scale versions of these two assay methodologies are used to isolate over 40 novel putative origins of DNA replication from anticruciform purified human genomic DNA libraries; (3) transfection and in vitro autonomous replication assays are applied to demonstrate the potential origin function of a mitochondrial DNA sequence implicated in the insertional mutagenesis of a human genomic locus; (4) an origin mapping strategy based on the in vitro assay is used to provide evidence for the existence of a replication origin in a cloned and sequenced portion of the human 15q11q13 chromosomal subdomain, a region associated with allele-specific replication timing, genomic imprinting, and genetic disease; and (5) some of these autonomously replicating origins are cloned into a selectable YAC vector and are shown to permit the long term episomal maintenance, in human cells, of the transfected plasmid constructs.
These results consistently demonstrate that short mammalian genomic DNA fragments can replicate autonomously, supporting the applicability of the replicon model in humans, and could be extended to the search for an origin core consensus element, to the investigation of higher order organization and temporal control of human DNA replication origins, and to the construction of a complete human artificial chromosome.
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Starkie, Alexandra. "Body modifications as a tool to aid human identification." Thesis, Teesside University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/237392.
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Forensic human identification draws upon a plethora of information from various investigatory techniques. Body modifications are identifiable characteristics that have received mention in the field of human identification, but which have not been explicitly investigated. This research was conducted in order to highlight the potential body modifications have to aid the identification process, and to demonstrate the information that can be retrieved from common modifications such as tattoos and piercings. In order to demonstrate the pertinence of body modifications to the field of forensic human identification a survey was distributed nationally (UK) to determine the incidence of body modification practices. These surveys were novel in their application as they did not target any sub-group of the population. 880 viable responses were collected both digitally and on paper. Results included; 89% of female respondents displaying bi-lateral earlobe piercing, 38% of female respondents reporting at least one piercing at a location other than their earlobes, and 28% reported at least one tattoo. 17% of male respondents also reported at least one piercing and 24% at least one tattoo. Inferences can be made that every fourth or fifth male and every third or fourth female will have at least one modification requiring recording. 69 modified respondents took part in a second survey which detailed their experiences of becoming modified, enabling an insight into the considerations and motivations the process of acquiring a piercing, tattoo or other modification involves. A 28 month taphonomical study of both surface and buried deposits was undertaken in order to investigate the location of trans-dermal artefacts such as earrings in relation to the skeletal elements and their original location after decomposition occurred. Artefacts moved to a depth of at least 6cm below the confirmed base of the grave, and to a distance of at least 120cm from the original location.Jewellery and tattoo inks are internationally produced and traded. Tattoo inks are manufactured without specific guidelines ascertaining or requiring disclosure of their ingredients. 88 tattoo inks were investigated, completing the most extensive investigation of tattoo inks to date. The successful implementation of investigatory techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UVspectroscopy and Microspectrophotometry (MSP) along with statistical analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled the successful discrimination between manufacturing companies. It highlighted the inconsistency in production of inks from batch to batch by each manufacturer, and the ink’s own instability over periods of storage. This significantly compromises the ability to determine conclusively an ink’s manufacturer from its chemical composition, though inferences of manufacturer can be made after ratio and PCA analysis are conducted. Body modifications are therefore considered significant possible aids to the identification process.
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Chang, En Pu. "Aspects of human relationship identification using short tandem repeats." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11250.
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Proctor, Devin. "On Being Non-Human| Otherkin Identification and Virtual Space." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13810285.
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This dissertation examines digitally-mediated identity and community construction through the lens of the Otherkin, a group of several thousand people who identify as other-than-human. They recognize their biological humanness, but nonetheless experience non-human memories, urges, and sensations. I argue the Otherkin characterize a larger shift in body-identification that is underway in many industrialized countries, away from bounded, biologically defined bodies and toward a more plastic, negotiable type of embodiment I am calling open-bodied identification, evidenced in growing numbers of people identifying as trans*, nonbinary, fluid, and neurodiverse.
Otherkin experience can be understood as a form of animism, yet it arises out of a post-Enlightenment paradigm that rejects the infrastructural elements needed for animist thought (e.g. magic, spirits, kinship with natural elements). The industrialized West simply does not have the cultural vocabulary to comprehend the virtuality that is animist experience. What it does have are the virtualities of language and of Internet technology. Therefore, departing from conceptions of the body as disciplined citizen-subjectivity or an embodied politics, I approach the human body as a media platform, mediating a Self. I offer the theoretical and heuristic spectrum of virtuality—a sliding situation of being-in-the-Internet, between poles of the corporeal and the digital—as a way of tracing this Self-mediation, and through the virtualities of Internet space and language, I propose an experience of animism that is legible to the West, because it is articulated through its own tools.
The Otherkin experience an incongruence, i.e. "misfit" in the relationship between their corporeal bodies and their Selves, so they turn to Internet technologies to facilitate an "alignment" between the two. This dissertation traces Otherkin engagement with the techno-virtuality afforded by the Internet, along the spectrum of virtuality—through chat forums, personal blogs, 3D virtual worlds, Facebook, YouTube, Tumblr, and Reddit—troubling conventional notions about our relationships with the virtual, our understandings of the Self, and what it means to be a human. Analyzing the Otherkin use of these technologies sheds light on the ways in which we all work to understand ourselves through the animist virtuality of the Internet.
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Barrett, Ian Peter. "Gene identification and characterisation on the human X chromosome." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616076.
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Lemnrau, A. G. "Identification of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) haplotypes using tagSNPS." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1344057/.
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Matching for HLA alleles between patients and their potential donors is critical for the success of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Current genotyping methods identify HLA alleles but not the haplotypes in which they reside, although both are important for transplantation outcome. The aim of this thesis was to identify HLA specific polymorphisms and tagSNPs that could identify 3 common HLA haplotypes present in population of Northern European (NE) Caucasian ethnicity, HLA-A*01-B*08-DRB1*03, HLA-A*02-B*44-DRB1*04, and HLA-A*03-B*07-DRB1*15. Phylogenetic and bioinformatics methods were used to select polymorphisms for each of the nine HLA alleles that were unique, or only found at low frequency in other HLA alleles. PCR -sequence specific priming (SSP) was used to validate the nine selected polymorphisms, which were then incorporated into a multiplex SSP-PCR assay. However, this method does not differentiate between homozygous and heterozygous samples positive for the HLA alleles and therefore an allele specific primer extension (ASPE)-Luminex assay was developed to allow the simultaneous detection of the selected HLA polymorphisms. In order to determine the HLA haplotypes, sets of tagSNPs exhibiting high specificity for the common haplotypes were then identified. This was achieved by using British Birth Control Cohort (~2,000 samples) SNP genotyping data generated from Illumina and Affymetrix gene chips. Eight tagSNPs were identified; rs2187668 and rs2734986 for HLA-A*01-B*08-DRB1*03; rs2844821, rs2596477 and rs660895 for HLA-A*02-B*44-DRB1*04 and rs3094170, rs3129860 and rs3130933 for HLA-A*03-B*07-DRB1*15 haplotypes. These tagSNPs capture the three haplotypes with a specificity ranging from 96 to 100 %. Luminex-ASPE multiplex assays were developed to validate the eight tagSNPs using 59 homozygous and 70 heterozygous samples previously typed at high resolution level by sequence-based typing. A further validation was then performed using a blind cohort of 93 previously HLA typed samples. This Luminex-ASPE tagSNP multiplex method correctly identified the three most common HLA haplotypes present in the Northern European population. In summary, this is the first time when a novel tagSNPs HLA genotyping assay has been developed and successfully applied to detect three common HLA haplotypes in a blinded retrospective study.
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Oll, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Identification of prostaglandin receptors in human ureters / Matthias Oll." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1057957429/34.
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