Academic literature on the topic 'Human healing fractures'
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Journal articles on the topic "Human healing fractures"
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Binder, Harald, Stefan Eipeldauer, Markus Gregori, Leonard Höchtl-Lee, Anita Thomas, Thomas M. Tiefenboeck, Stefan Hajdu, and Kambiz Sarahrudi. "The Difference between Growth Factor Expression after Single and Multiple Fractures: Preliminary Results in Human Fracture Healing." Disease Markers 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/203136.
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Objectives.Circulating levels of VEGF-A (Vascular Endothelia Growth Factor-A), TGF-β1 (Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1), and M-CSF (Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor) were found to be predictors of bone healing and therefore prognostic criteria of delayed bone healing or nonunion. The aim of this study was to evaluate a potential rise of these markers in patients with multiple fractures of long bones compared to patients with single fractured long bone.Methods.92 patients were included in the study and finally after excluding all female patients 45 male patients were left for final analysis and divided into the single or multiple fracture group. TGF-β1, M-CSF, and VEGF-A serum levels were analysed over a time period of two weeks.Results.MCSF serum concentrations were higher in the group with multiple fractures as also TGF-β1 serum concentrations were at one and two weeks after trauma. No statistically significant difference was observed in the VEGF-A serum concentrations of both groups at either measurement point.Conclusion.We did observe a correlation between the quantity of the M-CSF and TGF-β1 expressions in serum and the number of fractured bones; surprisingly there was no statistically significant difference in the serum levels between patients with single and multiple fractures of long bones.
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Gajdobranski, Djordje, and Dragana Zivkovic. "Physiology of fracture healing: New aspects." Medical review 56, no. 1-2 (2003): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0302039g.
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Introduction Skeletal system has a great regenerative potential, but it isn't the case with other tissues. Bone fracture healing includes a complex cascade of processes at cellular and biochemical levels, ending with a complete structural and functional restoration of the damaged bone. Impaired healing occurs in 5-10% of all fractures, manifesting as delayed union or non-union Such a high incidence of impaired healing certainly presents a problem, and therefore, permanent research regarding physiology of fracture healing is justified. Phases of fracture healing In this paper we described four phases of fracture healing. They are not clearly separated, but overlap. These data are based on contemporary literature and newest achievements in the field of fracture healing. Discussion Many data regarding this phenomenon were obtained from animal studies, but they may also be applied in human medicine since there is a great similarity between fracture healing in animal models and humans. Conclusion Full and complete knowledge of mechanisms of bioregulation of normal fracture healing process certainly presents the basic prerequisite for successful surgical and orthopedic treatment.
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Moon, Myung-Sang, Sang-Yup Lee, Dong-Hyeon Kim, and Min-Geun Yoon. "HEALING PATTERN OF THE INTERLOCKING INTRAMEDULLARY NAILED CLOSED TIBIAL SHAFT FRACTURES — EFFECT OF AGE, IM NAIL AND FIBULA ON CALLUS FORMATION." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 19, no. 04 (December 2016): 1650017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957716500172.
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Objectives: To assess the healing pattern of the fractured tibial shaft with or without fibula fracture, fixated with locked intramedullary (IM) standard cannulated titanium nail in a group of patients in each decade; nonosteonal versus osteonal. Summary of background data: Up to now there have been many previous clinical studies on the nailed tibial shaft fractures. However, only a few animal experiments dealt with the callus type in healing, and a little human researches on the effect of the age and fixation device on callus formation in tibia at the two bone level of the lower limb were carried out. Material and Methods: 135 out of 168 patients with normally united closed tibial shaft fractures, fixated with titanium cannulated nail which showed good quality radiograms, were subjected to this study: 10 patients at minimum in each decade from late teens to 8th decade being regularly and radiographically followed were selected. Results: The nailed fractures united primarily by periosteal callus in the teenagers, while in the patients over third decade the fractures united by the intercortical uniting callus (osteonal). Conclusion: It was found that nail in tibia could not suppress the periosteal reparative reaction in the late teenagers which was suppressed in the adults. Union of the titanium nail-fixated adult tibial shaft fractures had to be depended primarily on osteonal healing because of the suppressed reparative periosteal reaction.
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Kundu, Sujoy. "Teriparatide treatment in fracture non-union: a case report." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 3, no. 4 (June 23, 2017): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20172892.
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<p class="abstract">Impaired healing of fractures delays the rehabilitation process, which in turn impacts quality of life. The associated costs cause an economic burden to both the society and the patients. Till date, no systemic treatment is approved for fracture healing. Teriparatide is a synthetic polypeptide hormone consisting of the 1–34 fragment of human parathyroid hormone. Apart from its recognized indication of osteoporosis, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting its ability to accelerate fracture healing and heal non-unions. The purpose of this case report is to elucidate the Indian experience of 5 cases of use of Teriparatide for fracture healing - delayed unions and non-unions and in the setting of osteoporotic fracture. The primary observation of our case report depicts that teriparatide is a viable therapy not only to treat osteoporosis but also to accelerate fracture healing. Teriparatide therapy accelerates healing, which allows patients to return to normal life and work faster, optimizes medical resource utilization, reduces chances for future second surgery, requirement of bone graft and overall chronic morbidity associated with long-term treatment. The advantages of teriparatide therapy are that it can be prescribed in any types of fractures, including those that will be treated non-surgically; it can be commenced at any time, and can be applied through the entire healing period. Our observations are in line with other studies showing the effects of Teriparatide on delayed union and non-unions in human subjects.</p>
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Stoffel, Karl, Hanna Engler, Markus Kuster, and Walter Riesen. "Changes in Biochemical Markers after Lower Limb Fractures." Clinical Chemistry 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2006.076976.
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Abstract Background: The bone remodeling sequence after bone fracture changes the concentrations of biochemical bone markers, but the relationships of fracture size and of healing time to changes in biomarkers are unclear. The present pilot study was undertaken to determine the changes found in serum bone markers after plate osteosynthesis of closed distal tibial and malleolar fractures during a study period of 24 weeks. Methods: We measured tatrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP 5b), collagen type I C-terminal telopeptide (ICTP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), osteocalcin (OC), procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide (PICP), procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide (PIIINP), and human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (YKL-40) in 20 patients with lower limb fractures (10 malleolar, 10 tibia). A physical examination and radiographs were completed to assess evidence of union. Results: All malleolar fractures healed within 6 weeks, whereas 2 tibial fractures did not show complete bone healing after 24 weeks. Changes were comparable but more pronounced in the tibia group, and marker concentrations remained increased at the end of study (bone ALP, 86 vs 74 U/L; OC, 14.9 vs 7.7 μg/L; ICTP: 5.6 vs 3.3 μg/L at day 84 after osteosynthesis, P <0.05 in tibia; 80 vs 70 U/L, 8 vs 5.2 μg/L, and 3.5 vs 3.2 μg/L, respectively, in the malleolar fracture group). Conclusions: In normal bone healing, changes in bone turnover markers were primarily dependent on the fracture size. Delayed tibia fracture healing may involve a disturbance in bone remodeling.
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Andrew, JG, JA Hoyland, AJ Freemont, and DR Marsh. "P40. PDGF expression in normally healing human fractures." Bone 15, no. 2 (March 1994): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/8756-3282(94)90773-0.
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Huang, Yan, Yongqiang Xu, Siyin Feng, Pan He, Bing Sheng, and Jiangdong Ni. "miR-19b enhances osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and promotes fracture healing through the WWP1/Smurf2-mediated KLF5/β-catenin signaling pathway." Experimental & Molecular Medicine 53, no. 5 (May 2021): 973–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-021-00631-w.
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AbstractBone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes have been found to enhance fracture healing. In addition, microRNAs contributing to the healing of various bone fractures have attracted widespread attention in recent years, but knowledge of the mechanisms by which they act is still very limited. In this study, we clarified the function of altered microRNA-19b (miR-19b) expression in BMSCs in fracture healing. We modulated miR-19b expression via mimics/inhibitors in BMSCs and via agomirs in mice to explore the effects of these changes on osteogenic factors, bone cell mineralization and the healing status of modeled fractures. Through gain- and loss-of function assays, the binding affinity between miR-19b and WWP1/Smurf2 was identified and characterized to explain the underlying mechanism involving the KLF5/β-catenin signaling pathway. miR-19b promoted the differentiation of human BMSCs into osteoblasts by targeting WWP1 and Smurf2. Overexpression of WWP1 or Smurf2 degraded the target protein KLF5 in BMSCs through ubiquitination to inhibit fracture healing. KLF5 knockdown delayed fracture healing by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, miR-19b enhanced fracture healing via the KLF5/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting WWP1 or Smurf2. Moreover, miR-19b was found to be enriched in BMSC-derived exosomes, and treatment with exosomes promoted fracture healing in vivo. Collectively, these results indicate that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-19b represses the expression of WWP1 or Smurf2 and elevates KLF5 expression through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby facilitating fracture healing.
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Massie, Anna, Mark Fuller, Frank Verstraete, Boaz Arzi, and Amy Kapatkin. "Outcome of nonunion fractures in dogs treated with fixation, compression resistant matrix, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 30, no. 02 (2017): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-16-05-0082.
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SummaryObjectives: To report the use of compression resistant matrix (CRM) infused with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) prospectively in the healing of non union long-bone fractures in dogs.Methods: A longitudinal cohort of dogs that were presented with nonunion fractures were classified and treated with CRM soaked with rhBMP-2 and fracture fixation. They were followed with serial radiographs and evaluated for healing times and complications according to the time frame and definitions previously established for orthopaedic clinical cases.Results: Eleven nonunion fractures in nine dogs were included. Median healing time was 10 weeks (range: 7–20 weeks). Major perioperative complications due to bandage morbidity were encountered in two of 11 limbs and resolved. All other complications were minor. They occurred perioperatively in eight of 11 limbs. Minor follow-up complications included short-term in one of two limbs, mid-term in one of three, and long-term in four of five limbs. Nine limbs returned to full function and two limbs returned to acceptable function at the last follow-up.Clinical significance: Nonunion fractures given a poor prognosis via standard-of-care treatment were successfully repaired using CRM with rhBMP-2 accompanying fixation. These dogs, previously at high risk of failure, returned to full or acceptable function.
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Wong, Lydia Chwang Yuh, Wing Kong Chiu, Matthias Russ, and Susan Liew. "Experimental Testing of Vibration Analysis Methods to Monitor Recovery of Stiffness of a Fixated Synthetic Pelvis: A Preliminary Study." Key Engineering Materials 558 (June 2013): 386–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.558.386.
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Monitoring the healing of long bones has been studied extensively to reduce the period of encumbrance and unnecessary pain for patients suffering from fractured bones. This is more critical for unstable fractures in the pelvis as the patients can bedridden for up to 12 weeks to allow proper healing to take place. Current methods employed to monitor long bone healing are insufficient for applications in the pelvis as the human pelvis presents a significant change in geometry which demands a different approach. This paper explores an approach where vibration analysis is used to provide in-situ monitoring of a healing fracture in a human pelvis. Experimental tests were conducted on 4th generation synthetic pelvises instrumented with an array of PZT sensors. The synthetic pelvises were cut at the sacrum to simulate a fractured pelvis followed by the application of araldite epoxy to simulate healing by allowing the epoxy to cure. Measurements were collected from the sensor array over the curing period to obtain the transfer functions (TFs) for various excitations. An impact hammer was utilised to obtain powerful broadband excitations while the PZT sensors were used to detect the response in the synthetic pelvis as a results of these excitation signals. A comparison of TF against cure time (healed amount) indicates the presence of a significant relationship with the stiffness recovery of the epoxy at the cut of the synthetic model.
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Pfeiffenberger, Moritz, Alexandra Damerau, Annemarie Lang, Frank Buttgereit, Paula Hoff, and Timo Gaber. "Fracture Healing Research—Shift towards In Vitro Modeling?" Biomedicines 9, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070748.
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Fractures are one of the most frequently occurring traumatic events worldwide. Approximately 10% of fractures lead to bone healing disorders, resulting in strain for affected patients and enormous costs for society. In order to shed light into underlying mechanisms of bone regeneration (habitual or disturbed), and to develop new therapeutic strategies, various in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models can be applied. Undeniably, in vivo models include the systemic and biological situation. However, transferability towards the human patient along with ethical concerns regarding in vivo models have to be considered. Fostered by enormous technical improvements, such as bioreactors, on-a-chip-technologies and bone tissue engineering, sophisticated in vitro models are of rising interest. These models offer the possibility to use human cells from individual donors, complex cell systems and 3D models, therefore bridging the transferability gap, providing a platform for the introduction of personalized precision medicine and finally sparing animals. Facing diverse processes during fracture healing and thus various scientific opportunities, the reliability of results oftentimes depends on the choice of an appropriate model. Hence, we here focus on categorizing available models with respect to the requirements of the scientific approach.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human healing fractures"
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Vijayakumar, Vinod. "Stress/strain environments in healing human tibial fractures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275202.
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Aird, J. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus and open fractures : is wound or fracture healing affected in surgically stabilised open fractures? : a prospective study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1343913/.
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Background: 33 million people worldwide are infected with HIV, a complex disease that affects many of the processes involved in wound and fracture healing. There is little evidence available to guide acute management of open fractures in these patients and fears of acute and delayed sepsis often inhibit the use of surgical fixation, which may be the most effective way of achieving union. This study addresses the hypothesis that the presence of either HIV or advanced HIV (CD4 count <=350) leads to an increased risk of complications in patients with open fractures treated with surgical stabilization. South Africa has one of the highest rates of both HIV and high energy trauma in the world, so was deemed an appropriate place for the study of this interaction. Methods: This prospective observational study compared surgical fixation of open fractures in HIV positive and negative patients. 133 patients with 135 open fractures fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 86 fractures were in HIV negative and 33 in HIV positive patients. The remaining 16 patients refused HIV tests. 12 HIV positive patients had advanced disease (CD4 <=350), 14 had early disease (CD4 >350), 7 refused CD4 count testing. This cohort was three times larger (number of HIV positive patients) than any similar previously published study. There was no randomised allocation; the treatment of these patients was based on locally developed protocols and was dependent on; fracture type, location and the grade of wound. Patients were followed up either till union had been achieved or for 6 months in tibia/femur fractures, and 3 months in other fractures. The primary outcome was acute wound infection, secondary outcomes tested were fracture union and pin site sepsis. The analysis of the binary nominal data was done using the Chi squared test. In cases where the expected value was less than 5, then the Fisher’s exact test was used. In the assessment of multiple potential risk factors, binary logistic regression was used. Results: Analysis of background characteristics showed that HIV positive and negative populations were broadly similar with regard to demographics, injury type/location and grade of wound. In the analysis of the primary outcome, the risk of wound infection was marginally higher in patients without HIV (22%) as compared to patients with HIV (15%). This difference was small and did not reach statistical significance (n=135, Risk Ratio 0.7, p value 0.40). However, as hypothesized, the infection risk was higher in patients with advanced HIV (26%), compared to patients with early HIV (5%). The numbers, however, were small and this did not reach statistical significance (n=33, Risk Ratio=4.8, P value= 0.12). Sub group analyses, conceived prior to the study, provided strong evidence that patients with Gustilo Anderson grade 1 injuries had a higher risk of wound infection in patients with advanced HIV than controls (HIV negative and early HIV) (n=46, Risk Ratio=6.3, P value =0.02). Of note, departmental guidelines meant that patients with grade 1 injury were not prioritised for theatre and had, on average, a delay of 3.5 days to surgery. The average delay was similar in both HIV positive and negative groups. Analysis of the secondary outcome, nonunion, provided strong evidence that the risk of nonunion was higher in HIV positive than HIV negative patients (n=115, Risk Ratio=4.1, P value=0.04). Interestingly, the patients with advanced HIV had a slightly lower nonunion risk (13%) than patients with early HIV (20%). However the numbers were small and the difference was not statistically significant (n=33, Risk Ratio=0.8, P value=1). The incidence of nonunion was not correlated with the presence of wound infection. The risk of mild pin site sepsis in fractures treated with external fixation was similar in both HIV positive (60%) and negative (67%) patients (n=31, Risk Ratio=0.9, P value=1). An increased risk of severe pin site sepsis was noted in patients with advanced HIV (50%), compared to controls (25%). Although the difference is large, the numbers are small and the difference was not statistically significant (n=28, Risk Ratio=2, P value= 0.31). It would require 160 patients to prove a difference of this size. Conclusions: Data from this study appears to dispute the conclusion of previous studies that suggest that all patients with HIV are at higher risk of wound infection, and therefore internal fixation should be considered with caution. In this study it was only the patients with advanced HIV that showed a small increase in the risk of wound infection. Based on this study the author suggests that early HIV should not be a contraindication to either internal or external fixation in open fractures, due to concerns of wound infection. However, advanced HIV should continue to be considered a relative contraindication to internal fixation, until further data becomes available. Since this finding applied equally to grade 1 (Gustilo Anderson) injuries, the data suggests that any theatre delays in patients with advanced HIV may be detrimental to outcomes. This is contrary to published data that suggests that grade 1 injuries do not need to be prioritised. The data provides strong evidence that HIV leads to an increased risk of non unions. Interestingly, the risk of non union is less in patients with advanced HIV. This may fit with recently published laboratory studies suggesting that the absence of lymphocytes is beneficial to bone healing. Based on this evidence the author suggests that in patients with HIV treatment strategies should be aimed at achieving union, rather than on potentially unfounded concerns of preventing infection. In patients treated with external fixation, the data provides weak evidence of an increased risk of severe pin site sepsis in advanced HIV. This observation may be due to an increased susceptibility to infection, or to problems with bone healing in these patients. Based on this evidence, and the evidence that patients with HIV may be at increased risk of non union, the author suggests that HIV positive patients being treated with external fixators, should be considered for treatment strategies that will prolong the life of the pin bone interface. These may include additional pins, wires and/or the use of hydroxyapatite coated half pins.
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Reed, Anita A. C. "The biological activity of fracture non-unions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249459.
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Almirol, Ellen Alfaro. "Effects of recombinant human parathyroid hormone on the anabolic window and acceleration of lower extremity stress fracture healing." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12041.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityBACKGROUND: Stress fractures are one of the more severe overuse injuries and occur more frequently in women than men. Location and severity of stress fractures vary according to the sport and intensity of physical activity and most commonly involve the lower extremities. The treatment period may extend beyond 12 weeks based on the severity of the stress fracture and physical activity of the patient. Although data are sparse, there is an evolving interest in using systemic medical interventions to potentially improve or accelerate stress fracture repair. Intermittent administration of human recombinant parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-34) (Teriparatide) is a FDA-approved anabolic treatment used to treat osteoporosis in men and women and reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women. Although there may be potential benefits of systemic teriparatide therapy to hasten the healing of fractures, there only a few randomized, controlled studies at present. OBJECTIVES: To determine in this randomized, placebo-controlled study whether teriparatide can increase the anabolic window in premenopausal women with lower extremity stress fractures and can hasten the healing process, as assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Specifically, we will evaluate: 1) Whether bone formation markers increases more rapidly than resorption markers in response to daily teriparatide (20 μg) at 4 and 8 weeks and of the anabolic window, using the area under the curve between percent changes in biomarkers of formation over resorption over time, and 2) whether there is acceleration of the stress fracture healing, as assessed by MRI images. [TRUNCATED]
Books on the topic "Human healing fractures"
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Bate, Anita Susan. ESAF in stimulated animal and human muscle: its relation to capillary density in rat muscleand to healing patterns in human tibial fractures. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Human healing fractures"
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Parsons, Meg, Karen Fisher, and Roa Petra Crease. "Decolonising River Restoration: Restoration as Acts of Healing and Expression of Rangatiratanga." In Decolonising Blue Spaces in the Anthropocene, 359–417. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61071-5_9.
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AbstractWe argue that it is important to acknowledge that river restoration (both in theory and practice) still remains largely located within the realm of the hegemonic Western knowledge systems. In this chapter we challenge the Eurocentrism of dominant ecological restoration projects by documenting the different framing and approaches to restoration being employed by Māori (the Indigenous of Aotearoa New Zealand). We focus our attention on the collective efforts of one tribal group (Ngāti Maniapoto) who are working to decolonise how their ancestral river is managed and restored through the use of Indigenous Knowledge, augmented by Western scientific techniques. A key focus is on restoration that is underpinned by the principle of kaitiakitanga (environmental guardianship) and devoted to healing fractured relationships between humans and more-than-humans.
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Shoji, Taro, Masaaki Ii, and Takayuki Asahara. "Transplantation of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells for Fracture Healing." In Stem Cells and Bone Tissue, 369–88. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14590-24.
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Falconer, Rachel. "Midlife Music: The Overhaul and Frissure." In Kathleen Jamie. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748696000.003.0023.
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This chapter explores the theme of a midlife threshold in Jamie’s two volumes published in 2012-13. Instead of a conversionary trope, such as we find in the famous opening lines of Dante’s Commedia, Jamie’s poetry here explore edges of being that open onto unfixed and transitional states. The forms of the poems are correspondingly fragmentary and fluid. Images of river flow, breezes and bird flight, predominate. If The Tree House depicts Jamie’s local landscape, The Overhaul performs its weather. The poetry here is musical, in the sense explored by philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy: it is coming and going, emerging and fading, unlike visual images which appear at once. And like musical performance, which creates echo chambers between instruments struck and sound responding, the subject captured in Jamie’s midlife poetry is attentive and responsive to many voices and noises, not necessarily human ones. Both formally and thematically, these poems perform the processes of fracture and healing, in the body, in landscape, and above all, in the sounds they make falling on the ear.
Conference papers on the topic "Human healing fractures"
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Fitzwater, Daric, Andrew Rophie, Benjamin Schroeder, Andrew Dole, Juan Solano, Joshua Keith, Sohel Anwar, Hiroki Yokota, and Stanley Chien. "FEA Analysis of a Portable Knee Rehabilitation Device Using Mechanical Loading." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89192.
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In this paper, a solid model has been created with CAD software and analyzed with FEA software to obtain the deformed geometry, stress distribution, modal frequencies, temperature distribution, and life expectancy of a knee loading device that will be used in a combined biomedical and mechanical engineering research initiative. The purpose of this device is to mechanically load the end of the long bone of the human leg, causing movement of the fluids within the bone that can stimulate increased growth of bone tissues. This could potentially be used to speed the healing process of bone fractures. The CAD model of the device was constructed in Pro/ENGINEER and then exported to ANSYS Workbench where it was then meshed and solved using the finite element method.
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Ji, Gefu, Zhenyu Ouyang, Guoqiang Li, Samuel Ibekwe, and Su-Seng Pang. "Healable and Repeatable Adhesively Bonded Joint." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-58082.
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The adhesively bonded structure has to be replaced after the crack initiation and propagation. In a previous study, a biomimic two-step self-healing scheme (close-then-heal) by mimicking human skin has been proposed for self-healing structural-length scale damage. The adhesively bonded joint are prepared and to invest its feasibility and repeatability by fabricating a composite adhesive bonded joint with thermoplastic particles dispersed in a most commonly used epoxy based adhesive material. The fractured specimens were healed per the close-then-heal mechanism and tested again to fracture. This fracture-healing test lasted for 3 cycles.
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Mishra, Dhaneshwar, Seung-Hyun Yoo, Chang Yeong Park, and Jeong Ung Rak. "Evaluation of Fracture Toughness of Human Dentine-Enamel Junction (DEJ) by Finite Element Analysis." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10874.
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Human teeth system is one of the most important organs, plays vital role in mastication process. It consist 3 layers, outer hard and brittle cover enamel and porous dentine separated by very thin interfacial region called Dentine Enamel Junction (DEJ) or crown dentine. Dentine and enamel has almost isotropic material property while DEJ has different microstructure near enamel and dentine represented by functionally graded microstructure. Experimental evidences show that the crack initiated in the hard enamel region grows towards the crown dentine, it starts healing after 10–15 micron. Finite element analysis has been carried out and fracture toughness has been evaluated for layered model of human teeth with crack initiated at enamel region grows towards DEJ with its healing capabilities and graded structure. Comparison of the result with experimental value reported in literature shows acceptable matching suggests; FE results can be taken as basis for estimating Fracture toughness of human teeth system especially at interface of Enamel and Dentine, the DEJ.
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Ruhala, Laura, Dennis Beck, Richard Ruhala, Aaron Megal, and Megan Perry. "Development and Testing of an External Fixation Coupling for a Damage Control Orthopedic System." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3530.
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Seligson [1] describes how Hoffmann and Jaquet, a medical doctor and an engineer, respectively, developed the original Hoffmann fixator as a tool to stabilize human fractures with minimal invasiveness. Whether being utilized in mass trauma injury situations such as the 2010 Haitian earthquake, within our emerging geriatric population, or in veterinary applications, external fixation is widely used [1–4]. In this investigation, a rod-to-wire coupling, shown in Figure 1, and hereafter referred to as the R2W clamp, has been designed and validation tested for Stryker Orthopaedic’s Hoffmann II (HII) External Fixation System. As the name implies, this clamp has the purpose of connecting 8mm rods to 1.5mm or 2mm Kirschner (k-) wires or olive wires to stabilize bony fragments in the lower extremity, thus expediting healing in a trauma case. This paper summarizes the results of the validation tests conducted on prototype clamps. This clamp effectively allows placement of a wire to further stabilize a frame [3] by allowing wire placement without the addition of an intermediate ring, as shown in Figure 2. The wire could be added to any configuration with two parallel rods extending in plane with the bone. As shown in Figure 3, the R2W clamp can be positioned “outboard” with the rod between it and the bone, or “inboard” between the rod and the bone, allowing the surgeon geometric flexibility. The use of two k-wires is recommended to stabilize each bone fragment [5]. One of the goals of the validation testing was to determine the effectiveness and functional safety of the clamp as related to surgically applied k-wire tensions of either 50 kg or 100 kg. Since it is feasible that surgeons may tighten, loosen, then retighten the clamp while positioning it during surgery, the effects of clamp retightenings on the performance of the R2W clamp were also evaluated [4].
Reports on the topic "Human healing fractures"
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Baylink, David J. Molecular Mechanisms of Soft Tissue Regeneration and Bone Formation in Mice: Implications in Fracture Repair and Wound Healing in Humans. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420947.
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Baylink, David J. Molecular Mechanisms of Soft Tissue Regeneration and Bone Formation in Mice: Implications in Fracture Repair and Wound Healing in Humans. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391335.
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Mohan, Subburaman. Molecular Mechanisms of Soft Tissue Regeneration and Bone Formation in Mice: Implication in Fracture Repair and Wound Healing in Humans. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482393.
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