Journal articles: 'Human hair fibers'

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Prasad K., Eshwara, Divakara Rao P., and Udaya Kiran C. "Experimental Studies on Behavior of Keratin Based Human Hair Fiber - A New Reinforcing Material for Composites." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5 (September 22, 2018): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20207.

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Composite materials are formed by two or more constituents at macroscopic level. Type and form of fiber plays a vital role in imparting required properties to the composite. Many researchers contributed to the development of artificial fiber composites which are not environmental friendly in nature. Sizable research is also done in the area of natural fiber composites. Human hair is a non-biodegradable waste available in abundant quantity across the world, but is rarely explored for applications in engineering fields. In the present study, a review on behavior of human hair fibers was made to understand their suitability as a reinforcing material in composites. Morphology of the hair fibers is reviewed and the density of the hair fibers was determined using Archimedes principle. Tensile strength of the hair fibers is experimentally estimated. Chemical resistivity and burning tests were conducted. Tensile and flexural properties of hair fiber reinforced polyester composite were experimentally determined and compared.

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Boopathi, Sampath, V. Balasubramani, R. Sanjeev Kumar, and G. Robert Singh. "The influence of human hair on kenaf and Grewia fiber-based hybrid natural composite material: an experimental study." Functional Composites and Structures 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 045011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac3afc.

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Abstract The demand for natural composite products to make various industrial and commercial products and protect the environment is continuously increasing. In this paper, a hybrid plant fiber composite (HPFC) is produced by a hand lay-up molding method using 64 wt% resin matrix and 36 wt% natural fibers (kenaf, Grewia and human hair). The influences of the weight of the natural fibers on tensile, flexural and impact strengths were investigated by the simplex lattice method. It was revealed that the percentage contribution of kenaf and human hair fibers to tensile strength, flexural and impact strengths is higher than that of Grewia fiber. The optimum weight percentage of fibers is 13.5 wt% kenaf, 15.3 wt% human hair and 7.2 wt% Grewia to produce a HPFC with desirable mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the HPFC were compared with those of HPFC without human hair. The tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the HPFC were 17.95%, 11.1% and 19.79% higher than the HPFC without human hair. The predicted optimum HPFC for making commercial products to fulfill consumer demand is recommended.

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Parasakthibala, Ms G., and Mrs A. S. Monisha. "A Review on Natural Fibers; Its Properties and Application Over Synthetic Fibers." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 1894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46530.

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Abstract: Fibre is a long, thin strand or thread of material made by weaving or knitting threads together. Fibre is a hair like strand of material. A fibre is the smallest visible unit of any textile product. Fibres are flexible and may be spun into yarn and made into fabric. Natural fibres are taken from animals, vegetables or mineral sources. A few examples of widely used natural fibres include animal fibre such as wool and silk vegetables fibres, especially cotton and flax and asbestos, a mineral. Natural fibers are more important part in our human environment. Natural fibers are ecofriendly and inexpensive which are readily available in nature. In this chapter we discuss about the overview of natural fiber and their characteristic. this paper also deals with the impact of natural fibers over the synthetic fibers and also the application of natural fiber in various fields.

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Marschner, Stephen R., Henrik Wann Jensen, Mike Cammarano, Steve Worley, and Pat Hanrahan. "Light scattering from human hair fibers." ACM Transactions on Graphics 22, no. 3 (July 2003): 780–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/882262.882345.

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Starcher, Barry, Ronnie L. Aycock, and Charles H. Hill. "Multiple Roles for Elastic Fibers in the Skin." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 53, no. 4 (April 2005): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.4a6484.2005.

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Dermal elastic fibers are believed to have a primary role in providing elastic stretch and recoil to the skin. Here we compare the structural arrangement of dermal elastic fibers of chick skin and different animal species. Most elastic fibers in chick skin are derived from cells that line the feather follicle and/or smooth muscle that connects the pterial and apterial muscle bundles to feather follicles. Elastic fibers in the dermis of animals with single, primary hair follicles are derived from cells lining the hair follicle or from the ends of the pili muscle, which anchors the muscle to the matrix or to the hair follicle. Each follicle is interconnected with elastic fibers. Follicles of animals with primary and secondary (wool) hair follicles are also interconnected by elastic fibers, yet only the elastic fibers derived from the primary follicle are connected to each primary follicle. Only the primary hair follicles are connected to the pili muscle. Human skin, but not the skin of other primates, is significantly different from other animals with respect to elastic fiber organization and probably cell of origin. The data suggest that the primary role for elastic fibers in animals, with the possible exception of humans, is movement and/or placement of feathers or hair.

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Thanon Dawood, Eethar, and Mafaz Hani Abdullah. "Behavior of non-reinforced and reinforced green mortar with fibers." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (November 19, 2020): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0006.

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AbstractThe behavior of non-reinforced green mortar with fibers has been observed. Different green mortar mixes have been prepared using different percentages of waste glass powder (WGP), steel slag (SG) and silica fume (SF).The properties of flow, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), compressive and flexural strengths have been tested for such green mortar in the first phase of the experimental work. The selected green mortar mix that gives good properties with the acceptable ranges of cement replacement by such cementitious materials has been utilized to achieve the second phase of the experimental work. Thus, the uses of human hair fibers, sisal fibers and stainless steel nails fibers in the form of individual and hybrid fibers system and testing for the same properties mentioned above have been performed. The third phase includes the cost estimation for the said mortar. Whereas, the last phase deals with analysis of the results using the integrated AHP and TOPSIS method for selection the best performance of the green mortar. The results of mono sisal fiber, human hair fiber and stainless nails fiber by 0.75, 0.75 and 2% of volume fraction respectively, exhibited the highest increase in compressive strength, flexural strength, UPV and density compared with other percentages.

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Kanwal, Hummaira, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam, Tayyaba Latif Mughal, Muhammad Asim, and Reena Majid Memon. "Human Hair as Fiber Reinforced Concrete for Enhancement of Tensile Strength of Concrete." January 2020 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2001.07.

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FRC (Fibre Reinforced Concrete) is fibrous material which increases its structural integrity, resists to explosive spalling in case of environmental affects, improves mix cohesion, improves ductility, reduces of steel reinforcement requirements and reduces the voids due to good stiffness. It contains short discrete fibres that are uniformly distributed. Mostly, natural fibers are the waste material which may have negative impact on environment. Synthetic fibres include steel fibres and glass fibres but natural fibres are coconut fibres and human hair fibres which tends to vary the properties to concrete. In addition, the character of FRC changes with varying concrete, fibre material, geometries, distribution, orientation and densities. Hair fibre concrete gives a practical, cost-effective and convenient method to avoid cracks and deficiencies regarding strength and proper mixing ratio which occurs at a longer period. Fibres have been used to reduce plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage in concrete. In some structural elements, fibrous concrete can be used to reduce the cost of structure. Different fibres are used to improve the tensile strength of concrete. Human hair are strong in tension. Hair fibres can be utilized as a strengthening material. Hair fibre is a non-decay able matter and available at a cheap rate. Experiments have been performed on fibrous concrete cylinders containing various percentages of human hair which is 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% by the weight of cement. A total of seventy-two cylinders have been prepared with FRC having different %ages of hair content. Workability, compressive strength and split tensile strength have been checked at three curing ages i.e. 7, 14 and 28 days. This research will open a new wicket in the horizon of reuse of waste material efficiently in construction industry. This innovation in construction industry will save our natural resources and use fibre in productive and an effective approach.

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Naudin, Gregoire, Philippe Bastien, Sakina Mezzache, Erwann Trehu, Nasrine Bourokba, Brice Marc René Appenzeller, Jeremie Soeur, and Thomas Bornschlögl. "Human pollution exposure correlates with accelerated ultrastructural degradation of hair fibers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 37 (August 26, 2019): 18410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904082116.

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Exposure to pollution is a known risk factor for human health. While correlative studies between exposure to pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and human health exist, and while in vitro studies help to establish a causative connection, in vivo comparisons of exposed and nonexposed human tissue are scarce. Here, we use human hair as a model matrix to study the correlation of PAH pollution with microstructural changes over time. Two hundred four hair samples from 2 Chinese cities with distinct pollution exposure were collected, and chromatographic-mass spectrometry was used to quantify the PAH-exposure profiles of each individual sample. This allowed us to define a group of less contaminated hair samples as well as a more contaminated group. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) together with quantitative image analysis and blind scoring of 82 structural parameters, we find that the speed of naturally occurring hair-cortex degradation and cuticle delamination is increased in fibers with increased PAH concentrations. Treating nondamaged hair fibers with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation leads to a more pronounced cortical damage especially around melanosomes of samples with higher PAH concentrations. Our study shows the detrimental effect of physiological concentrations of PAH together with UV irradiation on the hair microstructure but likely can be applied to other human tissues.

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Rudy, L., R. Sneath, and M. Song. "High-voltage Electron Microscopy and 3-D reconstruction of human hair fiber ultrastructure." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152550.

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The basic morphology of the non-keratinous regions of human hair fibers was studied using both conventional and high voltage electron microscopy. The non-keratinous regions of hair include the endocuticle, the cell membrane complex, and the nuclear remnants of the cortex. By characterizing these regions more clearly, the mechanisms by which external influences affect the hair can be understood. The nuclear remnants are surrounded by a cell membrane complex. Since thin sectioning often causes artifacts in these fragile structures, a three-dimensional reconstruction using serial, semi-thick sections was completed to reveal their morphological nature.Human hair fibers collected from a female subject, had not been treated with any chemically active processes. One centimeter samples were collected near the scalp region of the back of the head. The fibers were embedded in Epon-812. Serial, semi-thick sections, 0.25u thick, were sectioned and collected on copper slot, formvar-coated grids. Post-staining was completed with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Sections were examined in an AEl EM7 Mk 1.2MV HVEM at an accelerating voltage of 1.0 MV.

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Ezawa, Yusuke, Shinobu Nagase, Akira Mamada, Shigeto Inoue, Kenzo Koike, and Takashi Itou. "Stiffness of Human Hair Correlates with the Fractions of Cortical Cell Types." Cosmetics 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6020024.

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(1) Background: The objective of this work was to elucidate the hair microstructure which correlates with the stiffness of human hair fibers. (2) Methods: Bending moduli of hair fibers were evaluated for the hair samples from 156 Japanese female subjects. Hair transverse sections were dual-stained with fluorescent dyes which can stain para- and ortho-like cortical cells separately, and observed under a fluorescence light microscope. Atomic force microscopy nanoindentation measurements were performed to examine the modulus inside macrofibrils. (3) Results: The difference in bending moduli between the maximum and the minimum values was more than double. The hair of high bending modulus was rich in para-like cortical cells and the bending modulus significantly correlated with the fraction of para-like cortical cells to the whole cortex. On the other hand, the elastic moduli inside macrofibrils were almost same for the para- and ortho-like cortical cells. (4) Conclusions: Hair bending modulus depends on the fractions of the constitutional cortical cell types. The contribution of the intermacrofibrillar materials, which differed in their morphologies and amounts of para- and ortho-like cortical cells, is plausible as a cause of the difference in the modulus of the cortical cell types.

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Zerrouk, Abdelkader, Belkacem Lamri, Cumaraswamy Vipulanandan, and Said Kenai. "Performance Evaluation of Human Hair Fiber Reinforcement on Lime or Cement Stabilized Clayey-Sand." Key Engineering Materials 668 (October 2015): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.668.207.

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Earthen masonry is generally brittle, weak and susceptible to water ingress damage. Several techniques of earthen masonry stabilization and reinforcement are available for improving their overall engineering properties. However, the inclusion of fiber into soils has a unique advantage. This is because friction between fibers and soil particles increases bonding between the particles. The present study attempts to investigate the resultant strength and ductility behavior when 0.5%, 1% and 2% randomly distributed human hair fibers are used to reinforce both cemented and un-cemented clayey-sand (50% sand and 50% bentonite) soils. The composite soils were tested under laboratory conditions and examined for compaction and unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests. The experimental results show that stress-strain behavior, failure, and strength characteristics of clayey-sand improved with inclusion of fibers. However, the effect of fiber reinforcement is more significant with stabilized clayey sand compared with the control soil mixture. Based on the compressive strength , the cement stabilization had better strength with bentonite clayey sand (50% sand and 50% bentonite) compared to the lime treatment. Addition of cement and lime affected dry density , optimum moisture content, and failure strain of the clayey-sand.

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Chen, Yuan, Qiong Li, Wan Ping Zhang, Jian Jie Cui, and Xiao Jian Wu. "Effect of Honeysuckle Extract for Color Protection of Human Hair Exposed to Sunlight Radiation." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.28.

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Color protective effects of honeysuckle extract, benzophenone-3, and non-ionic silicon emulsion to hair fibers were compared by measuring color change of hair exposed to UV irradiation. Dyed color fades faster than natural pigment of hair after sunlight irradiation. Experiment results indicate that honeysuckle extract prevented color fading of dyed red hair in 49.52% and virgin black hair in 19.35% due to its strong antioxidant ability, while color protection effect of benzophenone-3 is not obvious. Non-ionic silicone emulsion provided the best maintenance of hair color of 81.46% in dyed red hair and 41.94% in virgin black hair. However, the synergy of honeysuckle extract with non-ionic silicone emulsion for hair color protecting was not encouraged.

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Chen, Yuan, Qiong Li, Wan Ping Zhang, Jian Jie Cui, and Xiao Jian Wu. "Photoprotection of Asian Human Hair Exposed to Sunlight Radiation." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.111.

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Protection effects of milk thistle extract, benzophenone-3, and non-ionic silicon to hair fibers were compared by measuring protein degradation, tryptophan degradation, lipid peroxidation, tensile characteristics and color change of hair exposed to irradiation. Experiment results indicate that milk thistle extract is more marked in protection of protein, lipid, breaking work in hair due to its strong antioxidant ability, while benzophenone-3 is the most effective in tryptophan protection. Color protection was significantly observed in silicone and milk thistle extract treated samples. However, the synergy of milk extract with non-ionic silicone emulsion and benzophenone-3 with non-ionic silicone for protecting hair was not encouraged.

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Zhang, Lin, Qian Qian Wang, Cheng Bin Lin, Quan Quan Wang, Shu Ying Sui, and Ping Zhu. "Preparation of human hair keratin/calcium alginate blend fibers." Ferroelectrics 562, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2020.1760597.

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Shokri, Javad, Maryam Shamseddini Lori, and Farnaz Monajjemzadeh. "Examining polyquaternium polymers deposition on human excised hair fibers." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 17, no. 6 (November 27, 2017): 1225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12454.

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McMullen, Roger L., and Stephen P. Kelty. "Investigation of human hair fibers using lateral force microscopy." Scanning 23, no. 5 (September 2001): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sca.4950230507.

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Nanda, Bishnu Prasad, and Alok Satapathy. "Development of Hybrid Composites with Improved Heat Insulation Capability Using Short Human Hair Fiber." Materials Science Forum 978 (February 2020): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.216.

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Human hair dumped in the waste streams as a waste material in most of the societies which creates many environmental problems, but it has many exceptional physical, mechanical and microstructural properties. The present investigation aims at developing a class of hybrid composite with improved insulation capabilities consisting of epoxy, short hair fibers (SHF), and solid glass microspheres (SGM). Solid glass microspheres (10 wt. %) filled epoxy based hybrid composites are fabricated with four distinct fiber loading (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 wt. %). Density and effective thermal conductivity of these composites are measured experimentally following appropriate ASTM standards. The measured effective thermal conductivities (Keff) are compared with theoretical values from “Rule of Mixture” model. It is noticed that thermal conductivity of the composite decreases with increase in fiber content. Micro-structural characterization such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the composite has been done to know the surface morphology, crystallinity and functional groups present in the composite. It is found that with the incorporation of 20 wt. % hair fiber along with 10 wt. % of SGM the thermal conductivity of the epoxy is reduced by about 27 %.

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de Oliveira, Nathália F., Rima Rakshit, Anthony Galliano, Daiane Garcia Mercurio, Elcio Cruz de Oliveira, and Elisabeth Costa Monteiro. "Flexabrasion Applied to the Evaluation of the Photodegradation of Hair Fibers." Cosmetics 9, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9010001.

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Solar radiation is a significant source of damage to hair fibers. However, the instrumental measurement of the consequences of its interaction with hair fibers’ constituents remains a challenge. In this work, the flexabrasion methodology was investigated as a potential tool to quantify the damage to mechanical hair properties caused by solar rays. The in vitro experiment developed for this study simulated four initial conditions of human hair samples, which subsequently underwent different periods of exposure to the radiation emitted by a Xenon arc lamp source. The statistical analysis of the results characterized the methodology’s ability to evaluate the impact of solar radiation on the hair’s mechanical resistance. More evident effects were observed on natural fibers subjected to exposures of up to 60 h and over, corresponding to about 1.5 h per day of sun exposure in Rio de Janeiro over five months. The results point to flexabrasion as an option to evaluate the photoprotection efficacy offered by hair-care products.

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Stellinga, Daan, David B. Phillips, Simon Peter Mekhail, Adam Selyem, Sergey Turtaev, Tomáš Čižmár, and Miles J. Padgett. "Time-of-flight 3D imaging through multimode optical fibers." Science 374, no. 6573 (December 10, 2021): 1395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abl3771.

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A view through a fiber Reconstructing a three-dimensional (3D) image of a scene typically involves sending out pulses of light and timing their return. For endoscope applications in bioimaging or imaging inside difficult-to-reach places inside machines, the typical approach using bulk optics may not be viable. Stellinga et al . found that 3D imaging can be achieved using multimode optic fibers. After characterizing the transmission matrix of the fiber, optical pulses can be used to reconstruct 3D images of a number of scenes. Because this approach can use fibers the width of a human hair, the results are promising for miniaturized and minimally invasive 3D endoscopic imaging applications. —ISO

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Meghwar, Shanker Lal, Ghous Bux Khaskheli, and Aneel Kumar. "Human Scalp Hair as Fiber Reinforcement in Cement Concrete." April 2020 39, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2002.20.

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The construction industry is the largest manufacturing industry, which produces concrete and other related materials for construction of infrastructure around the world, after the food production industry. This industry requires a lot of natural resources like aggregates, limestone etc. to produce finished product such as concrete and cement. These natural resources are limited and have to deplete one day, so alternate to these resources are required. On the other hand, this industry produces a large amount of waste material that creates environmental pollution. Thus, recycling the waste as potential raw material and to produce a usable product is the need of present era for sustainable construction. This study presents the quantitative analysis of HSH (Human Scalp Hair) as fibers in cement concrete. This study aims to investigate the behaviour of concrete in terms of their mechanical properties when HSH are used as fibers. A detailed investigation on two types of concrete specimens i.e. cylindrical (150 mm diameter and 300 mm height) and prism (150 mm depth, width and 600 mm length) made with a different proportion of HSH as fibers and concrete mix ratios, was carried out. In this study, various proportions of HSH added in concrete that includes 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% by weight of OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement). All specimens were cast at two concrete mix ratios i.e. 1:2:4 and 1:1.5:3 with 0.50 W/C (Water-Cement Ratio). Moreover, specimens were tested in UTM (Universal Testing Machine) at 28 days curing age, for splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete. It was observed from the experimental analysis that there is an improvement in mechanical properties of concrete at specific percentage of HSH and reduction of workability and density with increasing percentages of HSH.

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Gruber, J. V., and R. Kerschman. "Microscopic high-resolution digital volumetric imaging of human hair fibers." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 27, no. 2 (April 2005): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00257_4.x.

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Ran, Guoxia, Yang Zhang, Qijun Song, Yue Wang, and Dexian Cao. "The adsorption behavior of cationic surfactant onto human hair fibers." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 68, no. 1 (January 2009): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.09.024.

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Wortmann, F. J., E. Schulze Zur Wiesche, and B. Bourceau. "Analyzing the laser-light reflection from human hair fibers. II. Deriving a measure of hair luster." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 26, no. 4 (August 2004): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0142-5463.2004.00223_6.x.

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Awadallah Ibrahim, Zakaria. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CONCRETE REINFORCED With HUMAN AND HORSE HAIR FIBERS." Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector 15, no. 56 (July 1, 2020): 753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/auej.2020.103351.

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Keis, K., D. Persaud, Y. K. Kamath, and A. S. Rele. "Investigation of penetration abilities of various oils into human hair fibers." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 28, no. 1 (February 2006): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00304_4.x.

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TAKAYAMA, Yumiko, Taku NAGATOMO, Yoshitoshi HIRAO, Shunichi KOBAYASHI, and Toshihiro FUJII. "A114 Preparation and characterization of natural fibers containing human hair components." Proceedings of the JSME Conference on Frontiers in Bioengineering 2006.17 (2006): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebiofro.2006.17.29.

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Sun, Yu, Feng Lu, Ge Liu, Zhi-Dan Zhang, Zijie Zhang, and Zhi-Qi Hu. "Histocompatibility and Long-Term Results of the Follicular Unit-Like Wigs after Xenogeneic Hair Transplantation: An Experimental Study in Rabbits." ISRN Dermatology 2011 (April 11, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/134502.

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Objective. This study was designed to observe the histocompatibility and long-term results of wigs after xenogeneic hair transplantation and to explore the possibility of industrial products in clinical application. Methods. The human hair and melted medical polypropylene were preceded into the follicular unit-like wigs according to the natural follicular unit by extrusion molding. 12 New Zealand rabbits were used as experimental animals for wigs transplantation. The histocompatibility of polypropylene and human hair was observed by H&E staining and scanning electron microscope. The loss rate of wigs was calculated to evaluate the long-term result after transplantation. Results. Mild infiltration by inflammatory cells around the polypropylene and human hair were seen during the early period after transplantation, accompanied with local epithelial cell proliferation. The inflammatory cells were decreased after 30 days with increased collagen fibers around the polypropylene and human hair. The follicular unit-like wigs maintained a good histocompatibility in one year. The degradation of hair was not significant. The loss rate of wigs was 4.1±4.0% in one year. The appearance of hair was satisfactory. Conclusions. We successfully developed a follicular unit-like wigs, which were made of xenogeneic human hair with medical polypropylene, showing a good histocompatibility, a low loss rate, and satisfactory appearance in a year after transplantation. The follicular unit-like wigs may have prospective industrial products in clinical application.

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Petrounias, Petros, Aikaterini Rogkala, Panagiota P. Giannakopoulou, Paraskevi Lampropoulou, Vayia Xanthopoulou, Petros Koutsovitis, Nikolaos Koukouzas, Ioannis Lagogiannis, Georgios Lykokanellos, and Aristidis Golfinopoulos. "An Innovative Experimental Petrographic Study of Concrete Produced by Animal Bones and Human Hair Fibers." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 8107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148107.

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The sustainable use of agricultural, industrial and human waste products as raw materials in the construction industry has been extensively investigated. This study aimed to conceive an innovative concrete composition mainly using recycled materials, which, as a result as waste from human activities and natural organic growth, such as animal bones and human hair, will be used in different mixtures in order to prepare concrete specimens. More specifically, the effect of these materials upon the final concrete strength was investigated, as well as how their petrographic characteristics may influence the durability of concrete specimens. Special emphasis was placed on the effect of the artificial increase in bone and hair microroughness and how these can improve the mechanical strength of the final product. The research results point towards the fact that the percentage of the replacement of natural aggregate rocks by animal bones tends to be enhanced by the increase in their microroughness using quartz primer. In addition, the use of bones with increased artificial microroughness and a certain percentage of human hair with increased microtopography seems to be the ideal mixture for the replacement of natural aggregates for the production of normal concrete.

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Jurdana, Lucia E., and Ian H. Leaver. "Penetration of Alcohols into Wool and Hair as Studied by Fluorescence Microscopy." Textile Research Journal 62, no. 8 (August 1992): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759206200805.

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We have investigated a dye diffusion method for monitoring the penetration of solvents into keratin fibers. The lipid stain, Nile red, is a useful probe for this purpose. Differences in the penetration of aliphatic alcohols into dry wool, as revealed by the extent of dye penetration, correlated well with the known variation in sorption rate for solvent molecules of varying molecular size and shape. We examined the penetration of various animal fibers by t-butanol using the same technique. The cortex of human hair was readily penetrated by t-butanol, while the cortices of wool, mohair, and cashmere fibers showed no penetration under the same conditions. However, we did obtain evidence for penetration by t-butanol of the intercellular material between the cuticle cells of these fibers.

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Akbar, Muhammad, Tariq Umar, Zahoor Hussain, Pan Huali, and Ou Guoqiang. "Effect of Human Hair Fibers on the Performance of Concrete Incorporating High Dosage of Silica Fume." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010124.

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Sustainable development in structural materials is currently getting attention all around the world. Solid waste, building and demolition waste, natural resources, and their reuse are the most obvious strategies for achieving sustainability in the construction industry. Solid waste human hair fiber (HHF) with a diameter of 70 µm and a length of 30–40 mm is used as a fiber, having a dosage of 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, while silica fume (SF) with a dosage of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% is used as a cement substitute. A drop of 50 mm to 75 mm slump was witnessed for the water–cement ratio used in the M20 mix design of concrete. The concrete’s mechanical properties, such as compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength, were determined after 28 days of water curing. The concept of the response surface methodology (RSM) for optimizing human hair fiber concrete (HHFC) and SF substitution was used, which was validated by the polynomial work expectation. The model is statistically significant when the fluctuation of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is analyzed using a p-value with a significance level of 0.05. The test results showed that the use of 2% human hair as fiber and 15% SF as a cementitious additive or cement replacement considerably improved the strength of concrete. The compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths of HHFC improved by 14%, 8%, and 7%, respectively, which shows the significance of human hair and the partial replacement of cement with SF. Moreover, SEM analysis was carried out to study the microstructure of the concrete matrix.

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Cohen, Glenn M., and Bela A. Shah. "Age-Related Changes In Acetylcholinesterase Activity In The Efferent System Of The Cochlea Of C57bl/6 Mice." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 1334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600019991.

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C57BL/6 mice, along with other mouse genotypes, have served as models of human presbycusis. C57BL/6 mice suffer from progressively severe hearing impairments, attributable primarily to losses of both hair cells (sensory receptors) and spiral ganglion cells (afferent neurons). Their age-related hair cell degeneration in the cochlea begins in the basal turn and progresses to the apex.Auditory nerves also undergo age-related changes. The mammalian cochlear nerve is mixed, being composed largely of afferent (sensory) fibers and a small population of efferent fibers. Because efferent nerves are primarily cholinergic, we used acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a marker enzyme for determining both age-related changes in AChE activity of the efferent fibers and also for tracing degenerative patterns in efferent pathways within the organ of Corti.Twelve C57BL/6 mice of the following ages were used: four young (23 days), four middle-aged (13 months), and four old (22.5 months) mice.

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Ahmad, Ibrar, Fayaz Ahmad, Shah Room, Zubair Abdullah, and Muhammad Ihsan. "Compressive Strength of Cement Mortar blended with Coconut Fibers and Human Hair." Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal 1, no. 4 (October 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.25046/aj010401.

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Yarbaşi, Necmi. "Effect of Freezing-Thawing on Clayey Soils Reinforced with Human Hair Fibers." Journal of Natural Fibers 17, no. 6 (November 15, 2019): 921–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2019.1690614.

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Yamauchi, Chikara, Wataru Okazaki, Tadashi Yoshida, and Aya Karasawa. "Enzymatic Degradation of Keratin Films and Keratin Fibers Prepared from Human Hair." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 31, no. 5 (2008): 994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.31.994.

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35

Pötsch, Lucia, and Manfred R. Moeller. "On Pathways for Small Molecules Into and Out of Human Hair Fibers." Journal of Forensic Sciences 41, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 13907J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs13907j.

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Lima, C. R. R. C., R. J. S. Lima, A. C. C. Bandeira, R. A. A. Couto, M. V. R. Velasco, H. N. Bordallo, and C. L. P. Oliveira. "Alterations promoted by acid straightening and/or bleaching in hair microstructures." Journal of Applied Crystallography 56, no. 4 (August 1, 2023): 1002–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576723005599.

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Human hair is a biopolymer constituted mainly of keratin intermediate filaments, lipids, pigments and water. Cosmetic treatments usually interact with the hair at the molecular level, inducing changes in its components and modifying the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the fibers. Here, the effect of acid straightening on the morphology and ultrastructure of Caucasian hair was investigated by a group of complementary experimental methods: wide-, small- and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering; high-resolution 3D X-ray microscopy; quasi-elastic neutron scattering and inelastic neutron scattering; thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry; and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). X-ray diffraction patterns showed that acid straightening associated with a flat iron (∼180°C) changed the cortex of the fiber, shown by denaturation of the intermediate filaments (measured by DSC). The increase in the spacing of the lipid layers and the observation of the dehydration behavior of the fiber provided indications that water may be confined between these layers, while neutron spectroscopy showed alterations in the vibration mode of the CH2 groups of the lipids and an increase of the proton (H+) mobility in the hair structure. The latter may be associated with the extremely low pH of the formulation (pH ≃ 1). Additionally, this investigation showed that bleached hair (one-time bleached) is more damaged by the action of acid straightening than virgin hair, which was shown by a threefold increase in the percentage of total porosity of the tresses. The obtained results demonstrate that the investigation approach proposed here can provide very important thermodynamic and structural information on induced changes of hair structure, and certainly can be applied for the evaluation of the action mode and efficiency of cosmetic treatments.

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Fradette, Julie, Marie-Josée Godbout, Martine Michel, and Lucie Germain. "Localization of Merkel cells at hairless and hairy human skin sites using keratin 18." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 73, no. 9-10 (September 1, 1995): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o95-070.

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Merkel cells are neurosecretory cells of the skin with epithelial features such as desmosomes and expression of keratins 8, 18, 19, and 20. Merkel cells are scarcely distributed in adult human skin. Although they are present in hair follicles, their density is higher at hairless anatomic sites such as palms and soles. These cells are often innervated by sensory nerve fibers and are thought to be specialized mechanosensory skin receptor cells. However, their precise origin and function are not clearly established. The aim of this study was to localize Merkel cells in human hairless and hairy skin by immunohistochemistry with antibodies Ks18.174 and Ks19.1 directed against keratins 18 and 19, respectively. In glabrous skin of palm and sole, Merkel cells have been localized at the bottom of the rete ridges, in the epidermal basal layer. To study Merkel cell distribution at hairy anatomic sites, we have chosen breast skin, a tissue containing small hair follicles typical of those covering most of the body's surface. Merkel cells were present in the interfollicular epidermis. In hair follicles, they have been identified in the isthmus region.Key words: skin, human, Merkel cell, keratin, hair follicle.

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Coble, D. W., and E. O. Kairinen. "A freeze fracture technique for examining human hair medulla with Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 868–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100128626.

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Examination of hair medulla by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is difficult because of the keratinous composition of hair and because of sectioning problems that result from insufficient infiltration and nonmiscibility of hair with embedding resins, even those of low viscosity. Although longitudinally cutting or tearing fibers will expose the medulla for embedment or direct viewing, considerable disruption occurs in its structure. Less disruption results from the use of freeze fracture techniques for either transmission or scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Freshly plucked human scalp and beard hairs were submersed in liquid nitrogen for a minimum of three minutes, held at proximal and distal ends with Dumont #10 tweezers, and slowly bent to an arc until the specimens broke at the apex. Customarily, clean bevelled fractures occurred along the tips of the arcs and exposed not only the medulla but also the cortex and cuticle. The fractured specimens were then removed from liquid nitrogen.

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Qualls, Clifford, Raffaella Bianucci, Michael N. Spilde, Genevieve Phillips, Cecilia Wu, and Otto Appenzeller. "Modeling Clinical States and Metabolic Rhythms in Bioarcheology." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/818724.

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Bioarcheology is cross disciplinary research encompassing the study of human remains. However, life’s activities have, up till now, eluded bioarcheological investigation. We hypothesized that growth lines in hair might archive the biologic rhythms, growth rate, and metabolism during life. Computational modeling predicted the physical appearance, derived from hair growth rate, biologic rhythms, and mental state for human remains from the Roman period. The width of repeat growth intervals (RI’s) on the hair, shown by confocal microscopy, allowed computation of time series of periodicities of the RI’s to model growth rates of the hairs. Our results are based on four hairs from controls yielding 212 data points and the RI’s of six cropped hairs from Zweeloo woman’s scalp yielding 504 data points. Hair growth was, ten times faster than normal consistent with hypertrichosis. Cantú syndrome consists of hypertrichosis, dyschondrosteosis, short stature, and cardiomegaly. Sympathetic activation and enhanced metabolic state suggesting arousal was also present. Two-photon microscopy visualized preserved portions of autonomic nerve fibers surrounding the hair bulb. Scanning electron microscopy found evidence that a knife was used to cut the hair three to five days before death. Thus computational modeling enabled the elucidation of life’s activities 2000 years after death in this individual with Cantu syndrome. This may have implications for archeology and forensic sciences.

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Koike, K., O. Yoshida, A. Mamada, T. Watanabe, T. Hasegawa, A. Kuwae, and A. Takaoka. "Structural analysis of human hair fibers under the ultra-high voltage electron microscope." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 27, no. 2 (April 2005): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00257_3.x.

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Longo, V. M., V. F. Monteiro, A. S. Pinheiro, D. Terci, J. S. Vasconcelos, C. A. Paskocimas, E. R. Leite, E. Longo, and J. A. Varela. "Charge density alterations in human hair fibers: an investigation using electrostatic force microscopy." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 28, no. 2 (April 2006): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00280.x.

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Martins, Jorge R., Vasco S. Costa, and João M. Pereira. "Efficient Hair Rendering with a GPU Cone Tracing Approach." International Journal of Creative Interfaces and Computer Graphics 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcicg.2017010101.

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Rendering human hair can be a hard task because of the required high super-sampling rate to render thin hair fibers without noticeable aliasing. Additionally, the current state-of-the-art bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs) are not suitable to hair rendering. In fact, the axis-aligned bounding boxes (AABBs) do not tightly bind hair primitives which impacts negatively the intersection tests activity. Both limitations can degrade severely the rendering performance so described in this article, a cone tracing GPU approach coupled with a hybrid bounding volume hierarchy to tackle these problems. The hybrid BVH makes use of both oriented and axis aligned bounding boxes. It is shown that the experiment is able to drastically reduce the super-sampling required to produce aliasing free images while minimizing the number of intersection tests and achieving speedups of up to 4, depending on the scene.

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Takahashi, Toshie. "Unique Hair Properties that Emerge from Combinations of Multiple Races." Cosmetics 6, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6020036.

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The fusion of ethnicity in human populations is becoming increasingly common, so the conventional definition of ethnicity is going to become deficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the hair properties which emerge from combinations of multiple races. Hair fibers collected from mixed-race subjects were investigated and classifications of hair shape as well as measurements of thickness, ellipticity and surface damage were carried out. The results show that hair shapes varied widely: straight hair and very curly hair often existed together on the heads of individuals with mixed ethnicity. Curly hair tended to be thicker than loose wavy hair. As for damage to the hair surface, the hairs of mixed-race subjects showed a very unique property in that they were much more severely damaged near the root (the proximal end) than the hairs of monoracial subjects. The hair shape (curly or loose wavy) was not related to the level of damage. The severe damage near the proximal end is thought to be caused by entanglement, due to the presence of various curl phases. This study reports the unique characteristics of hairs of subjects with mixed ethnicity, which have never been noted in the previous studies on subjects with a monoracial background.

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Shrestha, Roman Man, and Ajay Khadka. "Examining the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Alternative Material for the Interlocking Prefabricated Sandwich Panel." SCITECH Nepal 15, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/scitech.v15i1.49100.

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The paper shows the effective utilization of non-degradable waste material like the hair of humans, Expanded Polystyrene Spheres (EPS), and rice husk fly ash to a final product Fiber-reinforced concrete panel. Concrete fracture, catastrophic failure, spalling of concrete and non-quake resistance, with the application of a load are major problems of the current scenario in the concrete world (Mindess, 2009). This paper tries to solve this type of problem by using the natural fibers and some additives which are under patient right. The researcher of this paper has developed a prefab panel which may be the substitute product of brick, ACC block, interlocking block, EPS panel, and local prefab panel. The utilization of industrial waste to usable products for construction is a major challenge that the researcher has taken. The paper shows that product can be made economical and able to reduce environmental challenges. Ingredients like human hair, EPS, chemical agent, cement, fly ash, water, and fiberboard are utilized in a certain time and fixed condition to complete the formation of the Fiber-reinforced concrete panel. The panel was found to have multi-function like a light in weight, fireproof, and flexibility which was its main USP (Unique Selling Point). The researcher thinks this product might change the perception of Nepalese customer, who thinks prefab as a costly and less strength product. Nepal political instability and dependent culture on foreign country shows an impossible possibility to use an artificial fiber and imported fly ash (ITC, 2017). This paper also presents the Nepalese market perception through the business model canvas, a business strategy that can be taken, hindrance, and the possibility to use human hair fiber, fly ash and recycled EPS to complete finished goods.

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Pötsch, L. "A discourse on human hair fibers and reflections on the conservation of drug molecules." International Journal Of Legal Medicine 108, no. 6 (June 1996): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02432122.

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46

Diz, M., D. Jocić, M. R. Infante, and P. Erra. "Reaction of a New Thiol Cationic Surfactant with Bunte Salt in Wool Fibers." Textile Research Journal 67, no. 7 (July 1997): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759706700703.

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A new, effective, specific quaternary ammonium compound, N-dodecyl-amino-betaine-2-mercaptoethylamine hydrochloride (dabm), is synthesized to confer permanent characteristics (antimicrobial properties, improved dyeing and softening) on keratin material (wool, human hair). We have studied the reaction between bisulphite-treated wool and dabm as a function of time in a buffered medium, and monitor it with ftir/atr spectroscopy, which allows us to follow the changes in cysteine-S-sulphonate groups (at 1023 cm–1) located in the cuticula of keratin fibers. We believe dabm links permanently to keratin fibers, given the disappearance of the cysteine-S-sulphonate band during treatment. Trend approximation and corresponding functions are obtained for experimental data.

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Bunoiu, M., I. Jugunaru, I. Bica, and M. Balasoiu. "Nonthermal Argon Plasma Generator and Some Potential Applications." Annals of West University of Timisoara - Physics 58, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/awutp-2015-0205.

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Abstract A laboratory - made nonthermal plasma generator is presented. It has a diameter of 0.020 m and length of 0.155 m and contains two electrodes. The first electrode is a 2% Th-W alloy, 0.002 m in diameter bar, centred inside the generator’s body by means of a four channel teflon piece; the other three channels, 0.003 m in diameter, are used for Ar supply. The second electrode is a nozzle of 0.002 m - 0.008 m diameter and 0.005m length. A ~500 kV/m electric field is generated between the two electrodes by a high frequency source (13.56 MHz ±5%), equipped with a OT-1000 (Tungsram) power triode. For Ar flows ranging from 0.00008 m3/s to 0.00056 m3/s, a plasma jet of length not exceeding 0.015 m and temperature below 315 K is obtained. Anthurium andraeanumis sample , blood matrix, human hair and textile fibers may be introduced in the plasma jet. For time periods of 30 s and 60 s, various effects like, cell detexturization, fast blood coagulation or textile fiber or hair cleaning and smoothing are obtained. These effects are presented and discussed in the paper.

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Aedo, Cristian, and Enzo Aguilar. "Cochlear synaptopathy: new findings in animal and human research." Reviews in the Neurosciences 31, no. 6 (August 27, 2020): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2020-0002.

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AbstractIn animal models, prolonged exposure (2 h) to high-level noise causes an irreparable damage to the synapses between the inner hair cells and auditory nerve fibers within the cochlea. Nevertheless, this injury does not necessarily alter the hearing threshold. Similar findings have been observed as part of typical aging in animals. This type of cochlear synaptopathy, popularly called “hidden hearing loss,” has been a significant issue in neuroscience research and clinical audiology scientists. The results obtained in different investigations are inconclusive in their diagnosis and suggest new strategies for both prognosis and treatment of cochlear synaptopathy. Here we review the major physiological findings regarding cochlear synaptopathy in animals and humans and discuss mathematical models. We also analyze the potential impact of these results on clinical practice and therapeutic options.

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Bizzotto, Nicola, Andrea Sandri, Dario Regis, Guillherme Carpeggiani, Franco Lavini, and Bruno Magnan. "Serious Delayed Hair Toe Tourniquet Syndrome with Bone Erosion and Flexor Tendon Lesion." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/592323.

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Hair toe tourniquet syndrome (HTTS) is an uncommon pediatric condition occurring when the toe is circumferentially strangulated by human hair or fibers. An 8-week-old little girl was admitted to the Emergency Department because of the worsening swelling in the right second and third toes, which had been been previously treated with a local antibiotic thinking of an infection. An unrecognized HTTS was leading the third toe to necrosis. An urgent release of the constricting band on the two toes was performed and bone erosion and partial flexor tendon lesion on the third toe were detected. We would like to raise awareness in the community and in colleagues about HTTS in children, because early recognition and urgent treatment are mandatory to provide an adequate management and prevent severe complications.

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Havryliak, V., and V. Mykhaliuk. "The comparative analysis of the methods for keratin extraction from sheep wool and human hair." Animal Biology 22, no. 4 (December 2020): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/animbiol22.04.009.

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Nowadays, biopolymers such as keratins are widely used in biomedicine due to their low toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. At the molecular level, keratins differ from other structural proteins by a high content of disulfide bonds, which provide the formation of a compact three-dimensional structure resistant to biological and chemical degradation. Native keratins are highly ordered, whereas, recovered keratins are characterized by a flexible structure with more accessible functional groups. A characteristic feature of solubilized keratins is their ability to polymerize; therefore, they are widely used to create biomaterials. The extraction of keratins from natural fibers is an important step to the development of functional biomaterials. However, this process is complicated by the presence of a large number of intramolecular and intermolecular disulfide bonds in keratins. That is why keratin extraction by breaking the intermolecular disulfide bonds while preserving the covalent bonds of the polypeptide chain is necessary. The goal of our study was to estimate the different methods of solubilized keratin obtaining. In the experiments, samples of different types of wool and human hair were used. Various methods of keratin extraction were applied. The yield of solubilized keratin (%) was calculated from the ratio of the weight of the lyophilized keratin extract and the initial weight of fibers. The molecular mass of recovered keratins was evaluated by SDS-PAAG electrophoresis in the Laemmli buffer system. An analysis of the efficiency of keratin extraction has shown that solubilized keratin yield ranged from 32% to 51% and depended on the composition of the extraction mixture. Electrophoretic analysis of all keratin extracts obtained by various methods confirmed the presence of two bands, which according to the molecular weight corresponding to I and II types of proteins of intermediate filaments. The presence of these proteins provides self-assembly into complex structures.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Human hair fibers'

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