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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human growth'
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Parker, Elaine. "Human bone growth in vitro." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ45522.pdf.
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Ellard, F. M. "Growth in symbiotic hydra." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375255.
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Eriyattukuzhiyil, Ummer. "Human capital accumulation and economic growth." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272346.
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Zhang, Echo Ge. "Angiogenic growth factors in human placentation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621333.
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Schick, Andreas Michael. "Height, Human Capital, and Economic Growth." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306273610.
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Stokes, Keith. "Human growth hormone responses to sprinting." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34383.
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A number of studies have shown exercise to stimulate human growth hormone (hGH) secretion, although most of these have considered prolonged submaximal or resistance exercise. Only a few have studied maximal sprint exercise, and these studies have demonstrated considerably elevated circulating hGH concentrations during recovery. However, there is little agreement in the literature regarding the regulation of hGH secretion during and after exercise. This thesis describes a series of experiments considering the hGH response to sprint exercise, with the intention of gaining a better understanding of some of the mechanisms involved in regulating the exercise-induced hGH release.
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Oliver, J. F. "The effects of plant growth regulators and plant parasitic nematodes on cereal root growth." Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233539.
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Maan, Asif Ali Shafqat. "Studies of leaf growth in barley." Thesis, Bangor University, 1987. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/studies-of-leaf-growth-in-barley(02da3bd8-d4a1-4759-8119-b6c4fe7e90c9).html.
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The yield of crop dry matter is closely dependent upon the amount of solar radiation intercepted by the crop canopy. This in turn is primarily determined by the amount of leaf area and its persistence. This study was concerned with the influence of environments, nitrogen supply and plant density in controlling apical development and leaf growth and development in barley. Three series of experiments were carried out on sequentially sown spring barley (cv. Claret) to cover the whole range of the natural variation in environmental variables. In the first series of experiments there were 4 sowing dates, 4 levels of nitrogen and plants were grown in perlite in small pots. In the second series there were 3 sowing dates, 4 levels of nitrogen and plants were grown in soil and sand compost in small pots. In the third series of experiments there were 3 plant densities, 2 levels of nitrogen and plants were grown in soil and sand compost in large tanks. A strong effect of growth media and size of pot on leaf growth was observed. The plants grown in soil had longer leaves and had more tillers than plants grown in perlite. Leaves were even longer when plants were grown in large tanks. Primordia initiation on the main shoot apex, leaf appearance and leaf extension were best described as linear function of thermal time rather than Julian time. Rate of leaf appearance on the main shoot was found to be linearly related to the rate of change of daylength at crop emergence. Final leaf length depended upon both the rate and duration of leaf extension. However, most of the variation in final leaf length was due mainly to variation in leaf extension rate. Leaf extension rate increased with nitrogen supply. A significant quadratic relationship between leaf extension rate and leaf nitrogen content was observed. It is suggested that irrespective of growing conditions leaf extension rate (in mm °Cd-1 ) is most probably controlled by the nitrogen content in the leaf rather than external nitrogen supply. High temperatures, long days and fast leaf appearance rates all resulted in shorter leaf extension duration. Of these variables variation in temperature accounted for the greatest proportion of variation in leaf extension duration. In general all the plant parameters recorded were affected by nitrogen supply, but the effect was more pronounced in perlite. There was a smaller response to applied nitrogen in soil because of the residual nitrogen supplied by the breakdown of organic matter. Lamina area and dry weight increased with the position of leaf on the main shoot up to 2 leaf insertions before the flag leaf. The flag leaf was always much smaller than the subtending leaves. This ontogenetic drift in leaf size was associated with variations in leaf extension rate and leaf extension duration of the leaves. Final leaf size was affected by plant density. As density increased the size of the first three leaves was increased but the size of upper leaves was dramatically decreased. As density increased, final leaf number and the position of the largest leaf on the main shoot were decreased. Nitrogen affected the position of the largest leaf on the main shoot. As nitrogen supply increased the position of longest leaf moved higher up the main stem. This pattern was also modified by sowing date. In sowings made in June, where rate of crop development was fastest, leaf 4 was the first leaf to show response to nitrogen. In sowings made in September, which developed more slowly, leaf 6 was the first leaf to show response to nitrogen. These effects are attributed to effects of internal competition for nitrogen. This suggests that the size of the later leaves is reduced due to lower availability of nitrogen. Early stem extension will also result in greater competition for nitrogen. On this basis one would expect a large response to nitrogen in fast developing crops and this was the pattern observed in these experiments. For most of the leaf growth parameters recorded in these experiments there were significant sowing date * nitrogen supply * leaf position interactions, which have not been reported in previously published investigations. This indicates the complex way in which these factors control leaf growth.
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Fox, Stephen B. "Angiogenesis in human cancer." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:da4c4e35-7203-4efe-8716-109b5b1c4941.
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Angiogenesis is the formation of new vessels from existing vasculature and is essential for tumour growth and metastasis. It is controlled by angiogenic factors secreted by the tumour which regulate the matrix remodelling, endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, and capillary differentiation necessary for establishing a blood supply. This thesis has examined angiogenesis in human tumours. Immunohistochemically highlighted vessels in tumours were quantified using different methods to develop a rapid and objective method for measuring tumour angiogenesis. Significant associations between Chalkley counting, microvessel density, vascular area and perimeter were demonstrated; the Chalkley technique gave independent prognostic information and was suitable for a diagnostic service. Studies on the frequency EC of S-phase showed proliferation (labelling index 2.2%) occurs mostly at the tumour margin suggesting the growth factors controlling ECs are different from those regulating tumour cells and that remodelling the existing vasculature might play a more important role than previously recognised. To investigate further ECtumour matrix interactions, the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) was examined. CAM expression mirrored that of EC proliferation with preferential expression on endothelium at the tumour periphery: expression of CAMs was also present on neoplastic cells. Thus, acquisition of CAMs by tumour cells together with EC phenotypic modulation might promote angiogenesis and metastasis. The angiogenic factor thymidine phosphorylase (TP) was examined in normal tissues and tumours. Although TP was expressed in ECs there was no correlation between expression in normal or neoplastic tissue and vascularity. Nevertheless, TP was elevated in small low grade tumours, in accordance with TP being chemotactic but non-mitogenic for ECs. A monoclonal antibody to flt-4, a candidate angiogenic factor receptor was generated and characterised. In contrast to the in-situ mRNA expression profile, a restricted pattern of protein expression was observed in normal tissues and variable expression in tumours.
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Ragacs, Christian. "Minimum wages, human capital, employment and growth." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2002. http://epub.wu.ac.at/224/1/document.pdf.
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This paper deals with the effects of minimum wages on human capital accumulation, and steady state employment and growth. The minimum wage is introduced in a model of endogenous growth driven by human capital accumulation. Unemployed agents maximize utility given the information that they are unemployed facing changed budget constraints. This situation is implemented in a "non-market-clearing equilibrium" framework. We show that the steady state rate of growth is not affected by the minimum wage and that in the steady state the system yields full employment. These effects are generated by intertemporal adjustments of the employed households who re-act to the relatively higher minimum wage which increases skills accumulation. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Lauri, Pekka. "Human capital, dynamic inefficiency and economic growth /." Helsinki : Helsinki School of Economics, 2004. http://helecon3.hkkk.fi/pdf/diss/a237.pdf.
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Barrett-Lee, Peter Jeffery. "Growth factor transcripts in human breast cancer." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341908.
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Wang, Lixin. "Mechanisms controlling growth of human lens cells." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405305.
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Zlateva-Petkova, Т. М. "Dispersion of human capital and economic growth." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26046.
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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, and Tapas Mishra. "Human Capital, Age Structure and Growth Fluctuations." Taylor & Francis, 2011. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3055/1/HCASGFOct07.pdf.
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This article assesses the empirical relationship between per capita income growth fluctuations and the age-structured human capital variations across four groups of geographically clustered developed and developing countries from spatial perspective. We estimate a spatial Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model of income dynamics where the distance between countries is defined on relational space based on their similarity in appropriation tendency of human capital in the production processes. These distances are computed using a newly developed human capital data set which fully characterizes the demographic structure of human capital, and thus underlines the joint relevance of demography and human capital in economic growth. Spatial effects on growth interdependence and complementarity are then explored with respect to the proposed distance metrics. Our results imply that significant cross-country growth interdependence based on human capital distances exists among defined country groups suggesting the need for a cooperative policy programme among them. We also find that the relationship between economic growth and human capital is highly nonlinear as a function of the proposed human capital distance.
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Kadkhodaie, Eliyadrani Massoud. "Essays on endogenous fertility and growth /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7511.
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Temimi, S. M. A. "Auxin transport and the control of plant growth." Thesis, University of York, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355523.
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Su, Hsing-Chih. "Role of epidermal growth factor in human parturition : betamimetic modulation of epidermal growth factor action in human amnion- derived cells /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148775943632546.
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Balci, Oguz. "Affinity chromatographic purification of recombinant human growth hormone." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609269/index.pdf.
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The purpose of the study is to purify human growth hormone from the fermentation broth by affinity chromatography. For this purpose, human growth hormone specific oligonucleotide aptamers are selected among an aptamer libraryselected oligonucleotides were synthesized and used as ligands. Effect of pH on ligand-human growth hormone complex formation was investigated and the highest complex formation was obtained at pH= 7.0. Human growth hormone is separated from the fermentation broth with 99.8% purity and 41% overall yield. The equilibrium data obtained was described by Langmuir type isotherm where saturation constant (q0) and affinity constant (K) are calculated as 0.338 mg hGH/µ
mol aptamer and 0.059 mg hGH/ml, respectively. Further, equilibrium data obtained using aptamer affinity column was described by Langmuir type isotherm where saturation constant (q0) and affinity constant (K) are 0.027 mg hGH/µ
mol aptamer and 1.543 mg hGH/ml, respectively. It is possible that, selected aptamer can be used for purification of bulk amounts of recombinant human growth hormone by using aptamer affinity chromatography.
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Mhd, Bani Nor Yasmin. "Essays on growth, poverty and human capital inequality." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28222.
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This thesis is a collection of three empirical essays on growth, poverty and human capital inequality in a global panel. The objective of the first essay entitled: “Volatility and Growth: The Role of Education” is to examine whether the significance of volatility-growth relationship varies according to the average years of education. Unlike the focus of the previous literature on establishing the link between volatility and growth, we attempt to establish the channel through which volatility affects growth. The main contribution of our work is that while the level of volatility negatively affects growth, the effect is mediated via education. This is true even for countries with low as well as moderately high levels of volatility. The result of the interaction term, which is the key interest in this chapter, is robust to changes in definitions of variables and specification. This finding is consistent with Canton's (2000) theoretical work. The second essay, “Does Education Reduce Poverty in Developing Countries?” investigates the direct effects of education on poverty in developing countries using dynamic panel estimation techniques. The results suggest that higher education, developed financial system along with growth lead to significant poverty reduction. On the other hand, unequal income distribution is associated with increases in poverty. The results are robust to alternative model specification and estimation techniques. The policy implication is that poverty reduction is more effective if we focus on developing the education system instead of relying on growth and other channels, for example foreign aid or health. The third essay deviates from the usual study of inequality and globalization. It analyzes the relationship between seven measures of globalization and education inequality using a panel of 112 countries covering the period 1970-2009. We use the KOF index of Globalization and its three different dimensions (economic, social, and political) as our main proxy for globalization. In addition, we also employ openness, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and freedom to trade internationally (EF Index) in our study. We find that globalization has a robust negative effect on human capital inequality, even when we control for other factors. Results suggest that education inequality increases with globalization in middle and high-income countries but the effect is the opposite in low-income countries. This is the key contribution of our study where we find a variation of impact within the developing countries in contrast to the standard Hecksher-Ohlin Trade Theory. The result also holds when we restricted the sample to specific countries and add several other covariates. In contrast, the alternative measures of globalization have no such robust effects.
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Robles, Carlos Karl Padilla. "The role of self-concordance on human growth." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527409.
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Taggart, Clifford. "Structure-function studies on human epidermal growth factor." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241494.
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Fay, Anne Catherine. "Growth of human B cell colonies in vitro." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317015.
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Patel, M. "Growth of human breast cells in primary culture." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233149.
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Sainsbury, J. R. C. "Epidermal growth factor receptors and human breast cancer." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371259.
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Ashour, A. S. A. H. "Profit sharing, human resource value, profitability and growth." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235338.
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Watson, Richard Henry. "Basic fibroblast growth factor in the human ovary." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297000.
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Rivers, Caroline A. "Regulation of human growth hormone receptor gene expression." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297820.
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Pan, Huiqi. "Multilevel models in human growth and development research." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020243/.
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The analysis of change is an important issue in human growth and development. In longitudinal studies, growth patterns are often summarized by growth 'models' so that a small number of parameters, or the functions of them can be used to make group comparisons or to be related to other measurements. To analyse complete and balanced data, growth curves can be modelled using multivariate analysis of variance with an unstructured variance-covariance matrix; for incomplete and unbalanced data, models such as the two-stage model of Laird and Ware (1982) or the multilevel models of Goldstein (1987) are necessary. The use of multilevel models for describing growth is recognized as an important technique. It is an efficient procedure for incorporating growth models, either linear or nonlinear, into a population study. Up to now there is little literature concerning growth models over wide age ranges using multilevel models. The purpose of this study is to explore suitable multilevel models of growth over a wide age range. Extended splines are proposed, which extend conventional splines using the '+' function and by including logarithmic or negative power terms. The work has been focused on modelling human growth in length, particularly, height and head circumference as they are interesting and important measures of growth. The investigation of polynomials, conventional splines and extended splines on data from the Edinburgh Longitudinal Study shows that the extended splines are better than polynomials and conventional splines for this purpose. It also shows that extended splines are, in fact, piecewise fractional polynomials and describe data better than a single segment of a fractional polynomial. The extended splines are useful, flexible, and easily incorporated in multilevel models for studying populations and for the estimation and comparison of parameters.
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Hussain, Babar. "Essays on human capital, institutions and economic growth." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-human-capital-institutions-and-economic-growth(601c744f-1354-4368-b369-1973b4bb3fe3).html.
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This thesis provides both theoretical and empirical evidence to identify why the effect of human capital on economic growth differs across countries. Chapter 1 provides a theoretical explanation of the weak effects of human capital on economic growth in a dynamic general equilibrium model of corruption and growth where the bureaucrats acts as the agents of government to administer public policy. Corruption in this model arises from the incentive of the bureaucrat to appropriate (steal) public resources, thereby reducing the provision of public services. The decision of the corruptible bureaucrat affects public finances and hence the capital accumulation in the economy. Education has two opposing effects, a positive productivity enhancing effect and a negative bureaucratic stealing efficiency of corrupt bureaucrats. If the latter dominates the former the net effect may result in an insignificant (or even negative) effect of human capital on growth. The second chapter explains empirically why previous studies do not find link between human capital and economic growth, again looking at the role of corruption. In this chapter, we provide cross sectional evidence on this issue by explicitly introducing the role of corruption together its interaction with human capital. The empirical analysis first revisits the Rogers (2008) study, where he uses an arbitrary level of corruption to divide the full sample of countries into subsamples of high and low corruption countries and concludes that human capital matters only in low corruption countries. However, using a range of corruption data and sample periods, our results do not confirm his findings. Our preferred specification allows the effects of human capital to be conditional on the level of corruption, which is implemented through the inclusion of both a corruption measure and its interaction with human capital. Although we generally find the expected positive sign on human capital and a negative sign on the interaction term, these often lack in significance. We repeat the analysis using instrumental variable estimation and find a similar pattern of results, and hence conclude that cross sectional evidence is uninformative for empirical analysis of the role of human capital in economic growth. In the third chapter, we employ panel data analysis to investigate the relationship between human capital and economic growth by considering an exhaustive range of institutional measures, along with corruption. These various institutional measures are used to capture different aspects of institutions on the impact of human capital on economic growth. Our growth regressions include the interaction of institution and human capital, in addition to the direct effect of institution and human capital. The coefficient on interaction term can be interpreted as showing whether human capital and institutions appear to be compliments or substitutes for their impact on growth. Our results generally show positive and significant coefficients on human capital and institutions, with a negative coefficient on the interaction term. The results suggest that, for policy purposes, the government needs to carefully identify the level of human capital to be pursued in relation to the quality of institutions.
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Zuo, Na. "NATURAL RESOURCE, REGIONAL GROWTH, AND HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/58.
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The dissertation research will comprise three essays on the topic of the resource curse hypothesis and its mechanisms. The phenomenon of low economic growth in resource-rich regions is recognized as the “resource curse”. These essays will contribute to an understanding of the regional resource-growth relation within a nation.
Essay one tests the resource curse hypothesis at the U.S. state level. With a system of equations model, I decompose the overall resource effect to account for the two leading explanations — crowding-out and institution effects, thus investigate whether the institutions mediate the crowding-out effects. I did not find evidence of an overall negative effect on growth by resource wealth. Both the crowding-out and institution appear present, but they offset: the resource boom crowds out industrial investments, but good institutions mitigate the overall effect. Resources do reduce growth in states with low-quality institutions, including Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Essay two compares the effects of resource revenues on the economic growth and growth-related factors across Chinese provinces and American states, using panel data from 1990 to 2015. With the Instrumental Variable (IV) strategy, I show that regions with higher resource revenues grow faster than other regions in both China and the U.S. The positive resource effect is larger and more statistically significant in the U.S. Further testing impacts of three resource-related policies in China, e.g. the market price reform, the fiscal reform, and the Western Development Strategy, I show that the market price reform together with the privatization process on coal resources contribute the positive resource effect in China. Though strong and positive resource – growth relations appear in both countries, evidence also suggests consistent negative resource effects on certain growth-related factors in both countries, such as educational attainments and R&D activities.
Essay three explores the schooling response to the oil and gas boom, taking advantage of timing and spatial variation in oil and gas well drilling activities. Development of cost-reducing technologies at the time of higher crude oil and natural gas prices in the early 2000s has accelerated shale oil and gas extraction in the United States. I show that intensive drilling activities have decreased grade 11 and 12 enrollment over the 14 year study window − approximately 36 fewer students per county on average and overall, 41,760 fewer students across the 15 states enrolled considered in the analysis. On average, with one additional oil or gas well drilled per thousand initial laborers, grade 11 and 12 enrollment would decrease 0.24 percent at the county level, all else equal. I investigate heterogeneous effects and show that the implied effect of the boom is larger in states with a younger compulsory schooling age requirement (16 years of age instead of 17 or 18), lower state-level effective tax rate on oil and gas productions, traditional mining, non-metro, and persistent poverty counties.
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Cerra, Valerie. "Essays on growth, human capital, and income distribution /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7431.
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Itkin-Ansari, Pamela Rose. "Growth versus differentiation in the human endocrine pancreas /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9956446.
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Junnila, Riia Karoliina. "In vitro characterization of human growth hormone mutants." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16311.
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Wachstumshormon (GH) besteht aus 191 Aminosäuren, hat eine Molekülmasse von 22kD und ist essentiell für postnatales Wachstum. Es wird aus der Adenohypophyse freigesetzt. GH bindet an einen GH-Rezeptor (GHR) und aktiviert somit über intrazelluläre Signalvorgänge Zielgene, insbesondere das, welches für die Kodierung von insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) zuständig ist. IGF-1 vermittelt den Großteil aller GH-Signale. Zusammen mit den bereits bekannten GH Mutanten R77C und D112G ist in dieser Studie der neue GH Mutant d188-190 charakterisiert worden. Alle drei Mutanten wurden in heterozygoter Form in kleinwüchsigen Patienten identifiziert. Diesen Patientendaten zu Folge schien es möglich, dass d188-190 eine GH-antagonistische Wirkung besitzt. Zusätzlich wurde die extrem konservierte C-terminale Disulfidbrücke des GH im Mutanten d188-190 unterbrochen vorgefunden. Die Auswirkung der Unterbrechung wurde durch Substitution einer oder beider involvierter Cysteine durch Alanine untersucht. Alle Mutanten und Wildtypen des GH wurden in menschlichen embryonalen Nierenzellen (HEK-293) angezüchtet und eine Reihe von in vitro Experimenten sind für deren Charakterisierung etabliert worden. Es zeigte sich, dass d188-190 keine GH-antagonistische Wirkung besitzt. Im Vergleich zum Wildtyp weist der Mutant eine verminderte Bindungsaffinität zu GH, schwächere biologische Aktivität und höhere Stabilität auf. R77C und D112G sind dem Wildtyp GH sehr ähnlich. Die Disulfidbrücke ist wichtig für die Rezeptorbindung und für die biologische Aktivität von GH. Wenn ein Cystein entfernt wird vermindert sich die Stabilität des Moleküls. Dieser Effekt kann durch Entfernen des zweiten Cysteins wieder rückgängig gemacht werden. Die in dieser Studie etablierten Experimente können Verwendung finden in der Charakterisierung bislang nicht bekannter GH Mutanten und können darüber hinaus zur Behandlung von Patienten eingesetzt werden.Growth hormone (GH) is a 22 kD, 191-aa, pituitary-derived peptide hormone that is essential for postnatal growth. GH signals via binding to GH receptor (GHR), which initiates intracellular signal transduction pathways. This leads to activation of target genes, most importantly the one encoding insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, which mediates most GH action. In this study a novel GH mutant, d188-190, was characterized along with previously reported GH mutants R77C and D112G. All of these mutants had been identified in heterozygous form in patients with retarded growth. Based on patient data, d188-190 was thought to be a GHR antagonist. Moreover, the extremely conserved C-terminal disulfide bridge of GH was disrupted in mutant d188-190 and its role was studied by substituting one or both of the involved cysteines with alanines. All mutants and wild type (wt) GH were produced in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells and an array of in vitro experiments was established for their characterization. It turned out that the novel d188-190 mutant is not a GHR antagonist after all. It has a diminished binding affinity to GHR, low biological activity and high stability compared to wt GH. R77C and D112G are rather similar to wt GH. The disulfide bridge is important for receptor binding and biological activity of GH. If one of the cysteines is removed the stability of the molecule drops but this can be reversed by removing both cysteines. If further GH mutants are to be identified, the established array of experiments will be useful for their fast characterization and could even contribute to correct treatment of patients.
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BOIKOS, SPYRIDON. "Essays in Human Capital Accumulation-Based Economic Growth." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/216114.
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This paper investigates the relationship between per-capita human capital investment and the birth rate. Since the consequences of higher fertility (birth rate) on per-capita human capital accumulation (the so-called dilution effect) are not the same (in sign and magnitude) across different groups of countries with different birth rates, we analyze the growth impact of a non-linear dilution-effect. The main predictions of the model (concerning the relationship between population and economic growth rates) are then compared with those of a standard model in which the exogenous birth rate affects linearly and negatively (as postulated by most of the existing theoretical literature) human capital investment at the individual level. By using non-parametric techniques, we find evidence of strong nonlinearities in the total effect of fertility on human capital accumulation. This supports the idea that fertility plays a non-monotonic role in the accumulation of human capital and hence in the growth rate of an economy. The non-monotonic effect of fertility on human capital appears to be valid for OECD, as well as non-OECD countries according to our empirical results.
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Eraydin, L. "ESSAYS ON POPULATION, HUMAN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC GROWTH." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/258971.
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This thesis is composed by three independent chapters: two of them are original research papers, and one of them is a review-paper. Their common feature is represented by the “unit of analysis”: namely the economic (growth) impact of population under endogenous choices of human capital investment by agents. The first paper is a survey article that mainly reviews the literatures of international migration and economic growth. The main motivation is to identify how and to what extent migration affects human capital accumulation, and thus, economic growth. The paper reveals that the research on migration requires a multi-dimensional perspective in explaining the human capital related economic questions and shows that that the impact of migration on human capital accumulation can be observed via three channels: The impacts of migration on (i) skill formation, (ii) fertility decisions and (iii) wage (income) levels. This review addresses that the changes in those factors generally drive many of the differences in results (either positive or negative or neutral) across studies. The second paper provides a complementary dimension to the directed technological change literature by introducing the human capital accumulation and migration to an Acemoglu-type growth model. The motivation behind this study is the lack of economic analyses on how skill-biased technological change (SBTC) affects the human capital accumulation in both sending and receiving countries under migration. The main results show that, while a SBTC in a technologically advanced country has positive effects on human capital accumulation in technologically less developed countries via migration, it may adversely affect the incentives of local (natives) low skilled individuals to invest in education at advanced countries. Therefore, the net effect of SBTC is ambiguous (either positive or negative or neutral) in developed countries under migration. The last paper analyzes the impact of population growth on economic growth under endogenous technological change and human capital investment. The novelty of this chapter is the inclusion of a “dilution effect” of population growth on per capita human capital accumulation, which is not present in the original Uzawa-Lucas model. This study has showed that an increase in the population growth rate yields an ambiguous impact on the growth rate of per-capita income due to the relative contribution of two distinct effects of population growth: The direct dilution effect and the indirect ideas effect. This study revealed that the dilution effect has a central role in explaining the ambiguous impact of population growth on economic growth. Another result is that more population growth generates an indirect ideas effect on the rate of innovation and economic growth. These evidences are empirically checked for the advanced countries.
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Kangur, Alvar. "Complementarities in growth and business cycles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547770.
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Chia, Choy May. "Epidermal growth factor (EGF) : transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-#alpha#) in human preimplantation development." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362631.
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Cameron, Gavin. "Innovation and economic growth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338761.
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Parsons, A. "Studies of coleoptile growth and light gradients in plant tissues." Thesis, University of York, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356841.
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Hughes, Glenda May. "Lipid accumulation and utilization during microcycle growth of Aspergillus niger." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1986. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19842/.
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Aspergillus niger was grown in fermenter culture under conditions promoting microcycle growth. Following a period of spherical growth at elevated temperatures for 24h, conidiophores developed from the swollen giant cells when the temperature was decreased. Each stage in this microcycle conidiation was photographed and dry weight was determined. Aberrant growth forms sometimes occurred and these are described with the measures taken to attempt to minimize such problems. The lipid content and composition was investigated throughout the microcycle by the use of column and thin layer chromatography and by gas-liquid chromatography. The major classes of neutral lipid were triacyl glycerols, fatty acids, sterols and sterol esters. Changes in composition during the microcycle are discussed in relation to metabolic requirements for the different developmental stages and a function for triacyl glycerol as an energy reserve for conidiation is suggested. The fatty acid composition was also determined throughout the cycle and changes related to growth temperature. The accumulation and utilization of triacyl glycerol was indicative of changes in activity of lipolytic enzymes. However little lipase activity was detected, although enzymes which hydrolysed water-soluble esters were more readily assayed. In order to assess the relative utilization of each of the carbon substrates glucose, L-glutamate and L-alanine, they were provided in a radiolabelled form and the fate of the label followed at intervals throughout the cycle. The majority of the material was used in the production of insoluble cellular material, with smaller amounts incorporated into lipids, water-soluble materials or released as carbon dioxide. Very little label from L-glutamate was detected as lipid. Glutamate was principally used during the later, conidiation, stage of the microcycle. The results are discussed in relation to the different physiological stages of microcycle conidiation and to the observed changes in lipid content and composition.
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Sharpe, Graham Richard. "The regulation of growth and differentiation of human keratinocytes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387422.
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Neri, Frank. "Schooling quality and economic growth." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn445.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 148-155. This thesis investigates whether cross-country variations in schooling quality (the productivity of the time spent studying) affect the empirical results in studies of economic growth based on an augmented method of Solow. It was found that schooling quality is positively and statistically significantly associated with mean economic growth rates in regressions which control for physical capital investment rates, population growth rates and secondary school enrolment rates. Education levels of parents, hours of homework and the non-teaching duties of teachers were also significant determinants.
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Johansson, Lucas. "Does human capital create economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa? : An empirical analysis of the relationship between human capital and economic growth." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27841.
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The objective of this thesis is to investigate if human capital has a significant impact on economic growth. This is tested with a panel data regression model where data is taken annually from the Sub-Saharan Africa region between the years 1988-2011. The final regression model displayed education as a positive factor for GDP per capita growth, but not at a significant level. This result resembles many previous studies, and leads to the conclusion that we do not have a significant relationship between education enrolment and economic growth. The result raises the question if enrolment rates in school are a valid variable to capture human capital with, and calls for more investigations on the quality aspect of education.
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Roy, Sabyasachi. "Growth and human development in India: a disaggregated study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/249.
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Johnson, Margaret. "The formation and permeability of the human nail plate." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287146.
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Sharfe, Nigel. "Investigation of G protein expression in human lymphoid cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308330.
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Orman, Mehmet Ali. "Extracellular Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Production By Pichia Pastoris." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608616/index.pdf.
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In this study, the effects of bioprocess operation parameters on recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) production by P. pastoris were systematically investigated. In this frame, first, for the extracellular expression and purification of human growth hormone by recombinant P. pastoris the cDNA of hGH, fused with a polyhistidine tag and also fused with a target site for the Factor Xa protease in which cleavage produces a mature N- and C- termini of rhGH, was cloned into pPICZα
A plasmid and the constructed system within the plasmid, pPICZ&
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A::hGH, was integrated to AOX1 locus of P. pastoris and expressed under alcohol oxidase promoter which is induced by methanol. With dot-blot analysis, the appropriate two strains producing human growth hormone at high levels and having different methanol utilization phenotype (Mut+ and Muts) were chosen among the other transformants. Then, the effects of methanol concentrations on the expression of rhGH and cell growth were analyzed and both of the phenotypes were compared in defined and complex media in laboratory scale air filtered shake bioreactors. The highest rhGH concentration for Mut+ and MutS, was found as 0.052 kg m-3 and 0.16 kg m-3, respectively, at 2 %(v/v) methanol concentration in complex medium. When methanol was used as the sole carbon source in defined medium, Muts phenotype had very low specific growth rate on methanol due to the intrinsic characteristics of it, therefore detectable rhGH was not observed, on the other hand, optimum rhGH concentration produced by Mut+ strain was found as 0.032 kg m-3 at 3% (v/v) methanol concentration in defined medium. In mixed system (glycerol/methanol) which is also defined, when the optimum glycerol concentration, 30 kg m-3, was used, Muts produced the highest rhGH, 0.110 kg m-3, at 1% (v/v) methanol concentration and any increase in methanol concentration resulted in lower rhGH production, on the other hand, Mut+ strain produced 0.060 kg m-3 rhGH at 4% (v/v) methanol concentration, which indicated that higher rhGH production capacity of Mut+ strain was obtained at high methanol concentrations. Using the designed defined medium for Mut+ phenotype where methanol was used as the sole carbon source with an optimum concentration of 3% (v/v), the effects of oxygen transfer on rhGH production, by-product formation, and cell growth, oxygen transfer and fermentation characteristics were investigated by using pilot scale bioreactor. Oxygen transfer effects on rhGH production were investigated at QO/VR=0.5 vvm
N=250, 500, 625, 750 min-1 conditions. The variations in rhGH , cell, amino acid and organic acid concentrations with the cell cultivation time, specific cell growth rate, the oxygen uptake rate, the liquid phase coefficient by using the dynamic method, maintenance coefficient for oxygen and yield coefficients were determined. The highest rhGH concentration was obtained at 0.5 vvm, 500 min-1 condition as 0.023 kg m-3 with 5.37 kg m-3 cell density.
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Kemp, Christian R. W. "Mechanical influences on human vascular smooth muscle cell growth." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29397.
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The leading cause of death in Western countries is cardiovascular disease with over 1 million people dying each year as a result in the United States alone. One condition identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease is an increased blood pressure or "hypertension" which has been shown to result in morphological changes in blood vessels at different sites around the body, including narrowing of pre-capillary "resistance" vessels. This thesis has sought to investigate whether or not this narrowing of resistance vessels might result from the increased physical forces of hypertension exerted upon the vascular smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall and to investigate the intracellular signalling mechanisms initiating this cellular response. Results indicate that cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells undergo cellular proliferation in response to chronic cyclical mechanical strain but only in the presence of suitable concentrations of soluble growth factors. Furthermore, these growth factors do not originate from the cells in response to the mechanical strain. Therefore, the proliferation is a direct response proportional to the strain applied but dependent upon the concentration of growth factors in the overlying media. In addition the magnitude of human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in response to mechanical strain is dependent upon interactions between the cells and specific extracellular matrix proteins and involves activation of the mitogen-activating protein kinase intracellular signalling cascade. In conclusion, these results suggest that the narrowing of resistance vessels observed in hypertension subjects may be a direct result of the increased physical forces exerted upon the vascular smooth muscle cells in conjunction with circulating growth factors. This biological response is mediated via specific cell/matrix interactions and involves specific intracellular signalling pathways, which may provide new targets for the effective treatment and/or management of these structural alterations observed in hypertension individuals.
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Weinberg, Cristina Simona. "Human recombinant galectin-1 as a potential growth modulator." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9720967.
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Human galectin-1 is a soluble form of lectin known to play a role in various cellular processes by mediating recognition events in which glycoconjugates are implicated. As a number of studies have shown that galectin-1 is a growth inhibitor (Wells and Mallucci, 1991; Manilal et al., 1993), the starting hypothesis for this thesis was that galectin-1 might be a substrate for a growth-related proteinase (GRP). The intention was to identify the mechanism of action responsible for this growth-inhibitory property by looking at the effect of galectin treatment on the expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene. The structure of the recombinant galectin-1 molecule was investigated in mass spectrometry determinations. Galectin-1 was further characterised in hemagglutination, cellular growth, cytotoxicity, proteolysis and cellular degradation experiments. Even though the recombinant galectin-1 was not identical with the natural protein because it contained two pGEX-linker amino acid residues, and had an apparently 933 Da bigger molecular weight, it fully retained the carbohydrate binding and mitogenicity properties and was still a biphasic growth modulator. Repeated DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry determinations of the tryptic peptides have accounted for all the galectin molecule and have not detected an insertion. We concluded that the abnormal size was the result of a calibration error in the mass spectrometer. Even though the recombinant galectin was proved to be very susceptible to soluble proteinase action, there was no evidence for its active degradation when incubated with cells, and this disproved the original hypothesis. We showed for the first time that $/alpha/sb1$-antitrypsin inhibitor (which inhibits the GRP) had a down-regulatory effect on c-fos expression. Galectin-1 treatment of U2OS and HELA cells had a downregulatory effect on c-fos expression, which confirmed the hypothesis that this proto-oncogene is affected by the signal transduction pathway through which galectin-1 inhibits cell growth. C-fos expression is affected in HELA cells even though they do not undergo growth inhibition, indicating that this process is not as simple as we initially believed. Galectin-1 treatment also downregulated galectin-1 gene expression. This meant that feedback inhibition could take place in these tumour cells.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.