Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human Geography

Academic literature on the topic 'Human Geography'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Human Geography"

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Dennis, Richard. "History, Geography, and Historical Geography." Social Science History 15, no. 2 (1991): 265–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021118.

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In 1986, 585 out of 5,686 members of the Association of American Geographers declared their allegiance to the Historical Geography Specialty Group; among 50 AAG specialty groups, the historical geographers ranked 7th. Yet one prominent human geographer regards historical geography as “overdetermined,” an “empty concept” conveying “few (if any) significant analytical distinctions” (Dear 1988: 270). Dear’s argument is that, by definition, all geography should be historical, since “the central object in human geography is to understand the simultaneity of time and space in structuring social process.” So the only subdisciplines of human geography which have any intellectual coherence are those focused on distinct processes—political, economic, social. To me, even this distinction is unrealistic and impracticable for research purposes. But Dear does not go so far as to argue that historical geography or other “overdetermined,” “multidimensional,” or “peripheral” subdisciplines are wrong, merely that they are incidental to geography’s “intellectual identity.”
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Dorling, Danny, and Graham Clarke. "The Human Geography of Human Geography." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 32, no. 11 (November 2000): 1901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3211com.

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Martell, Charles. "Human geography/cyber geography." Journal of Academic Librarianship 25, no. 1 (January 1999): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1333(99)80177-3.

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Peet, Richard. "Human Geography." Human Geography 1, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277860800100111.

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Jarman, Mark. "Human Geography." Missouri Review 8, no. 3 (1985): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.1985.0029.

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Flaws, Mary. "Human Geography." New Zealand Journal of Geography 113, no. 1 (May 1, 2009): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0028-8292.2002.tb00830.x.

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Hansen, Frank, P. Cloke, C. Philo, and D. Sadler. "Approaching Human Geography: Towards New Approaches in Human Geography?" Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography 76, no. 3 (1994): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/490642.

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Hansen, Frank. "Approaching Human Geography: Towards New Approaches in Human Geography?" Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 76, no. 3 (October 1994): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04353684.1994.11879676.

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Gough, Jamie, and Raju Das. "Human Geography Special Issue: Marxist Geography." Human Geography 9, no. 3 (November 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861600900301.

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Karan, Pradyumna P. "Human Geography 2001." Japanese Journal of Human Geography 54, no. 4 (2002): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.54.353.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human Geography"

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Ford, Of The. "Parallel worlds : attribute-defined regions in global human geography /." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2004.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Indiana University, 2009.
Department of Geography, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Owen J. Dwyer, Jeffrey S. Wilson, Scott M. Pegg. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-168).
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Kenny, T. J. "A critical geography of human rights." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240362.

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Sullivan, Ian W., and n/a. "Explanation in human geography : some implications for teaching." University of Canberra. Education, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.112319.

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As a teacher of the New South Wales Higher School Certificate Geography Syllabus in the 1970s, I became aware of problems of interpretation and implementation of syllabus documents dealing with models and theories of human aggregate behaviour. A positivistic underpinning allowed explanation in human geography to employ deductive - nomological methodology. This field study investigates a defined literature of academic geography including journals, and both secondary and tertiary documents to identify the extent and quality of nomothetic and idiographic traditions from the late 19th century to the mid 1970s. The literature prior to the late 1950s revealed a dominant regional tradition and idiographic methodology with an emphasis on description of uniqueness of areal phenomena. But underlying currents of a nomothetic nature, running parallel to this regionalidiographic tradition,exerted a noticeable challenge to gain acceptance in geographic circles. This kind of nomothetism was in the form of environmental determinism which held that physical laws operating in nature were also at work to shape and direct human societies. Environmental determinism contained generalised assertions, enjoyed some appeal, but lacked rigorous justification. Even within regional frameworks, authors used environmentally induced determinants to explain the unique character of regions. Not until the 1930s did environmental determinism lose its appeal, after which time the regional - idiographic tradition strengthened as an explanatory mode of human behaviour. Nomothetism emerged in the late 1950s in Australia in the application of models and theories explaining human behaviour. Normative theory was supported by an increased use of quantification and by the growing preference for systematic studies in geography. Neither mode of explanation exists at the total exclusion of the other; so that while nomothetism enjoyed widespread appeal in academic geography from the late 1950s, significant challenges were mounted against it because of its inadequacies as a mode of explaining human aggregate behaviour. Nomothetic explanation in human geography can be seen at the research level and in education circles. Many normative models and theories found their way into senior geography courses to the extent they promoted a systems approach. Teachers would have been aware of normative theory in geography from their university studies and teacher training courses during the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s. The tension between associated explanatory modes in systematic and regional geography becomes apparent in the analysis of the N.S.W. H.S.C. Geography Syllabus in which confusing statements raise problems for teachers interpreting and implementing this prescriptive document. Given these tensions and problems of explanation in human geography, the adoption of a critical rationalist viewpoint as propounded by Karl Popper is suggested as a possible solution for geography teachers when interpreting a syllabus such as that of the N.S.W. H.S.C. Falsification rather than verification should be the node of inquiry towards explanation of human aggregate behaviour.
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Wang, Zheye Wang. "Analyzing social media data to enrich human-centric information for natural disaster management." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1542645723348042.

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Songer, Lynn Christine. "Comparative impacts of Web-based GIS on student content knowledge, geography skills, and self-efficacy in introductory human geography /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1421613491&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-229). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Hughes, Jessica Faye. "Embodiments of empire : Roman imperial geography in human form." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446136.

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Gokariksel, Pervin Banu. "Situated modernities : geographies of identity, urban space and globalization /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5655.

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Himiyama, Yukio. "A comparative study of culture space in Japan and Britain." Tokyo : Taga Shuppan, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20473975.html.

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Fredholm, Lina. "Unexplainable experiences : -Interpretations and geographical effects." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-300.

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This is a study of peoples interpretations of what they consider are unexplainable experiences, the geographical effects of it and the connection between the interpretations and effects. The phenomenon itself is not studied. The study is conducted in Sweden in the county of Värmland by a student, in Human Geography at Karlstads University. An inductive way to work, a behaviour ideology and qualitative method have been used to answer the questions. Data have been collected by a “structured open ended” interview technique. Seven people have been interviewed. No general conclusions are drawn because the low amount interviews. Similarities and differences on the other hand are showed.

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Rock, Amy E. "Identifying the spatial patterns of homelessness in Summit County, Ohio using GIS." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou----------.

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Books on the topic "Human Geography"

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1934-, Getis Arthur, and Getis Judith 1938-, eds. Human geography. 7th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2003.

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Gregory, Derek, and Noel Castree. Human Geography. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446261965.

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Norton, William. Human geography. 4th ed. Don Mills, Ont: Oxford University Press, 2002.

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Husain, Majid. Human geography. Jaipur: Rawat, 1994.

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Gregory, Derek, Ron Martin, and Graham Smith, eds. Human Geography. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23638-1.

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Human geography. 2nd ed. Huddersfield: Smith/Doorstop, 1988.

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William, Norton. Human geography. 2nd ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Human geography. 5th ed. Don Mills, Ont: Oxford University Press, 2004.

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William, Norton. Human geography. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1992.

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William, Norton. Human geography. 6th ed. Don Mills, Ont: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human Geography"

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Leng, Shuying, Canfei He, Zhigang Li, Ying Wang, Fengkui Qian, Desheng Xue, Geng Lin, Ye Liu, and Yuqi Liu. "Human Geography." In Springer Geography, 89–125. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1884-8_5.

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Gulyamova, Lola. "Human Geography." In World Regional Geography Book Series, 197–233. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07873-6_5.

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Mountjoy, Alan B., and Clifford Embleton. "Human Geography." In Africa, 616–26. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032685700-67.

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Peng, Hua. "Human Activities." In Springer Geography, 115–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5959-0_8.

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Golledge, Reginald G. "Human wayfinding." In Applied Geography, 233–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2442-9_13.

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Holloway, Julian. "Spectral geography." In Introducing Human Geographies, 382–93. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265853-34.

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Gregory, Derek, Ron Martin, and Graham Smith. "Introduction: Human Geography, Social Change and Social Science." In Human Geography, 1–18. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23638-1_1.

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Philo, Chris. "History, Geography and the ‘Still Greater Mystery’ of Historical Geography." In Human Geography, 252–81. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23638-1_10.

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Martin, Ron. "Economic Theory and Human Geography." In Human Geography, 21–53. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23638-1_2.

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Smith, Graham. "Political Theory and Human Geography." In Human Geography, 54–77. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23638-1_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human Geography"

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Buck, A., A. Zare, J. Keller, and M. Popescu. "Endmember representation of human geography layers." In 2014 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Big Data (CIBD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cibd.2014.7011520.

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"Knowledge Geography: Human Geography Approach to Measuring Regional Divergence of Knowledge Capital." In 20th European Conference on Knowledge Management. ACPI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/km.19.239.

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Colley, Ashley, Jacob Thebault-Spieker, Allen Yilun Lin, Donald Degraen, Benjamin Fischman, Jonna Häkkilä, Kate Kuehl, et al. "The Geography of Pokémon GO." In CHI '17: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025495.

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Shapiro, Ben Rydal, and Rogers P. Hall. "Interaction Geography in a Museum." In CHI '17: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053146.

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Das, Maitraye, Brent Hecht, and Darren Gergle. "The Gendered Geography of Contributions to OpenStreetMap." In CHI '19: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300793.

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Zare, Alina, Zachary Fields, James M. Keller, and Joshua Horton. "Agent-based rumor spreading models for human geography applications." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6352387.

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Li, Wenshi, and Zirong Li. "On the Teaching Reform of Fieldwork in Human Geography." In 2018 International Seminar on Education Research and Social Science (ISERSS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iserss-18.2018.48.

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Bittencourt Machado, Christiano. "Flight Simulation In Geography Teaching: Experience Reports In Two Scenarios." In Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004561.

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There is an increasingly innovative range of resources in education, seeking to create a motivating environment for learning. The aim of this work was to present experience reports on the use of a flight simulator in Brazilian and biblical geography classes in an elementary school and a reformed Christian theology church, respectively. Microsoft® Flight Simulator was used for this purpose. Two educational scenarios are presented here: (1) teaching of geographical aspects of Brazil for 10-years old students; and (2) teaching of biblical aspects for 8 to 10-years old children from a reformed Christian theology church. The classroom was prepared to simulate an internal airplane environment. First, in the elementary school scenario, students could learn about Rio de Janeiro, Niterói (school city), the Amazon rainforest, Brasília (Brazilian capital), Pantanal and the southern region of the country. On the other hand, in the church scenario, children were able to have a bigger picture about Egypt, Sinai desert, Dead Sea, Jordan river, the Sea of Galilee, and other important biblical sites in Palestine, providing a rich opportunity to learn the main stories of the Old and New Testaments. Children approved the use of technology to assimilate the content, and further projects are intended to present this application for adults.
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Irvine, John M., Jennessa Kimball, John Regan, and Janet A. Lepanto. "Application of commercial remote sensing to issues in human geography." In 2013 IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop: Sensing for Control and Augmentation (AIPR 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aipr.2013.6749327.

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Johnson, Isaac L., Subhasree Sengupta, Johannes Schöning, and Brent Hecht. "The Geography and Importance of Localness in Geotagged Social Media." In CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858122.

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Reports on the topic "Human Geography"

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Mehrotra, Santosh. Monitoring India’s National Sanitation Campaign (2014–2020). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.011.

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In 2011, India had more phone users (around 54 per cent of households) and television access (33 per cent) in rural areas than people with access to tap water (31 per cent) and toilet facilities (31 per cent), according to Census 2011. This clearly indicates the failure of government programmes to change the centuries-old practice of defecation in the open. This neglect of safe sanitation has had catastrophic outcomes in terms of human well-being. This case study is an analysis of the latest central government Swachch Bharat Mission - Gramin (Clean India Mission - Rural) (or SBM-G), which has achieved much greater success than any hitherto government effort in providing access to and use of toilets, especially in rural areas where the need is greatest. However, any conception of achieving ODF status, or free of open defecation, in a village (or any limited geography) is more than merely building toilets. The Sanitation Learning Hub commissioned case studies of sanitation campaigns in both India and Nepal, drawing out the lessons learnt for other countries wishing to implement similar initiatives. Both case studies focus on how target setting and feedback and reporting mechanisms can be used to increase the quality of campaigns.
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Fernandez-Stark, Karina, Penny Bamber, and Vivian Couto. Analysis of the Textile and Clothing Industry Global Value Chains. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004638.

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The textile and apparel industry is a highly globalized, multi-trillion-dollar sector. Today, production networks are dominated by low-cost Asian countries with very large labor-pools, which has made it increasingly difficult for other producers around the world to compete, including those in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). While the region has participated in the industry, there are currently no LAC countries amongst the leading ten exporters. The COVID-19 pandemic, together with rising geopolitical tensions between the US and China, however, has disrupted this well-established business model over the past two to three years. This creates the most significant opportunity of the past decade to reconfigure the geography of the supply chain; as a small, but long-term supplier, with proximity to the worlds largest single market, Central America is well-positioned to benefit from these changes. Nonetheless, the region needs to upgrade various aspects of their GVC participation in order to become a serious contender in the reconfiguration of the industry. Key policies should focus on developing human capital through industry-specific training initiatives; intensifying investment attraction efforts; and aggressively investing in both hard and soft infrastructure to reduce barriers to trade and enhance lead time responsiveness.
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Fernandez-Stark, Karina, Penny Bamber, and Vivian Couto. Analysis of the Textile and Clothing Industry Global Value Chains: Summary. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004663.

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The textile and apparel industry is a highly globalized, multi-trillion-dollar sector. Today, production networks are dominated by low-cost Asian countries with very large labor-pools, which has made it increasingly difficult for other producers around the world to compete, including those in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). While the region has participated in the industry, there are currently no LAC countries amongst the leading ten exporters. The COVID-19 pandemic, together with rising geopolitical tensions between the US and China, however, has disrupted this well-established business model over the past two to three years. This creates the most significant opportunity of the past decade to reconfigure the geography of the supply chain; as a small, but long-term supplier, with proximity to the worlds largest single market, Central America is well-positioned to benefit from these changes. Nonetheless, the region needs to upgrade various aspects of their GVC participation in order to become a serious contender in the reconfiguration of the industry. Key policies should focus on developing human capital through industry-specific training initiatives; intensifying investment attraction efforts; and aggressively investing in both hard and soft infrastructure to reduce barriers to trade and enhance lead time responsiveness.
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Rauch, James. Productivity Gains From Geographic Concentration of human Capital: Evidence From the Cities. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3905.

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Rosales, María Fernanda. Impact of Early Life Shocks on Human Capital Formation: El Niño Floods in Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011668.

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A growing body of research argues that early adverse experiences have lasting effects not only on later health outcomes, but also on human capital accumulation. This paper investigates the persistent effect of negative shocks early in life on children's health and cognitive outcomes, and explores whether shocks at certain periods matter more than others. The paper exploits the geographic intensity of extreme floods during the 1997-1998 El Niño phenomenon in Ecuador as a source of exogenous variation in children's exposure to a negative shock at different periods early in life. It is shown that children exposed to severe floods in utero, especially during the third trimester, are shorter in stature five and seven years later. Also, children affected by the floods in the first trimester of pregnancy score lower on cognitive tests. Potential mechanisms are explored by studying how exposure to the El Niño shock affected key inputs to the production of children's human capital: birth weight and family inputs (income, consumption, and breastfeeding). Children exposed to El Niño floods, especially during the third trimester in utero, were more likely to be born with low birth weight. Furthermore, households affected by El Niño 1997-98 suffered a decline in income, total consumption, and food consumption in the aftermath of the shock. Moreover, exposure to El Niño floods decreased the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and increased the duration of non-exclusive breastfeeding. Falsification exercises suggest that selection concerns such as selective fertility, mobility, and infant mortality do not drive these results.
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Ehlschlaeger, Charles, Jeffrey Burkhalter, Imes Chiu, Igor Linkov, Jeffrey Cegan, Olaf David, Yanfeng Ouyang, et al. Resilience modeling for civil military operations with the framework incorporating complex uncertainty systems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47562.

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Framework Incorporating Complex Uncertain Systems (FICUS) provides geographic risk analysis capabilities that will dramatically improve military intelligence in locations with the Engineer Research and Development’s (ERDC) demographic and infrastructure models built and calibrated. When completed, FICUS would improve intelligence products by incorporating existing tools from the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency, ERDC, and FICUS prototype models, even in places without demographic or infrastructure capabilities. FICUS would support higher-fidelity intelligence analysis of population, environmental, and infrastructure interaction in areas with Human Infrastructure System Assessment (HISA) and urban security models built and calibrated. This technical report will demonstrate FICUS prototype tools that allow Civil Affairs Soldiers to provide situational awareness information via a browser interface.
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Harris, Virginia, Gerald C. Nelson, and Steven Stone. Spatial Econometric Analysis and Project Evaluation: Modeling Land Use Change in the Darién. Inter-American Development Bank, November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008801.

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The Program for the Sustainable Development of Darién Province in Panama is a $70 million operation approved in 1998 and a major component of the program involves the resurfacing of the Pan American highway, which runs roughly north south through the province to a point about 70 kilometers from the Colombian border. The paper illustrates the use of spatial analysis techniques to predict the land use changes that would occur after the road is resurfaced and other project interventions completed. The predictions are based on a spatial econometric model relating categories of land use to geophysical and socioeconomic variables, including transportation costs and distance from markets. The results of this model are used to predict the spatially explicit effects of road resurfacing on economic activities. The methods explored in this paper offer a promising way to combine behavioral models of human activity with geographic information to realistically assess the prospective land use changes induced by development projects.
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Evans, Hugh, Cathal Ryan, Andy Bourke, Bjørn Økland, Jostein Gohli, Andrej Kunca, Christo Nikolov, et al. Range expansion of bark beetles in the genus Ips (ECLIPSE - Ecological Co-factors Lead IPS Expansion). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240279299.

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Bark beetles, particularly those in the genus Ips, are major pests of conifer trees in Europe, causing extensive damage to both natural and commercial forests. The ECLIPSE project has analyzed the history of Ips infestations, focusing on factors driving their geographic spread. Key findings indicated that the availability of suitable host trees, largely due to extensive afforestation with conifers, was a primary factor enabling beetle infestations. Climatic factors, such as extreme weather events, further exacerbated infestations by weakening trees. Long-distance dispersal through both beetle flight and human movement of infested wood contributed to the spread. The project also highlighted the importance of monitoring beetle arrivals and source populations to manage risks effectively. Policy recommendations emphasized the need for integrated pest risk assessments that consider both natural dispersal and trade-related movements. The obtained results underscored the necessity of international collaboration and timely information sharing to mitigate the impact of bark beetle infestations.
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KaralynClouser, Karalyn, Natalie NatalieVillwock-Witte, Carrie Kissel, and Bret Allphin. Supporting Employment Transportation in Southern Georgia. Western Transportation Institute, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/1700592681.

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The Southern Georgia Regional Commission (SGRC) is a regional planning agency that conducts economic development, regional transportation and environmental planning, local government services, aging programs, workforce development, geographic information systems (GIS), and other services for an eighteen-county region. The region includes Atkinson, Bacon, Ben Hill, Berrien, Brantley, Brooks, Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, Cook, Echols, Irwin, Lanier, Lowndes, Pierce, Tift, Turner, and Ware Counties. Within its rural regional transportation program, SGRC develops rural transit development plans (TDPs) under contract to the Georgia Department of Transportation. SGRC also administers coordinated human services transportation for clients of agencies within Georgia’s Department of Human Services. In the summer of 2021, SGRC began to operate rural public transit services on a regional basis called SGRC Regional Transit, providing a mobility option for 15 of the 18 counties in the region. One of the region’s goals in establishing region-wide rural public transit is to address economic development, including providing mobility to existing and potential employment sites. The region’s 2020 update to the Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) notes: “While some growth has been experienced within the region, persistent poverty, underemployment, and unemployment continue to plague the area.” Several goals and strategies in the CEDS relate to these issues of addressing poverty and employment. These include encouraging the establishment of transportation systems and facilities that support residents and visitors to broaden mobility options. In addition, some employers have already begun transportation services at their own expense. Others, including food processing business, have expressed to area workforce development and economic development professionals that they could create additional jobs if they had access to additional workers.
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Toivonen, Tuuli, Aina Brias Guinart, Johanna Eklund, Hästbacka Matti, Leppämäki Tatu, and Torkko Jussi. Potential of mobile big data for visitor monitoring : Report of the MOBICON workshop held in Helsinki 28.9.2023. Digital Geography Lab, University of Helsinki, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31885/2024.030501.

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The Changes in Nature Visitation and the Potential of Mobile Big Data for Visitor Monitoring workshop was held in Helsinki on 28.9.2023. We organized the workshop as part of the five-year MOBICON research project (Mobile Big Data for Understanding People in Nature - Detecting short- and long-term changes and their implications for biodiversity conservation) funded by Kone Foundation. The aim of the workshop was to collect expert opinions related to the changes in the recreational use of nature, the monitoring needs related to the changing visitations, and to discuss the possibilities of various new data sources to meet managerial information needs. Eight experts from different organisations (Metsähallitus, City of Helsinki, Uusimaa Recreation Area Association Uuvi and Suomen Latu r.y.) participated in the event. Prior to the workshop, the participants had answered a survey about their experiences and information needs related to the changing visitations. The discussion progressed from the results of the survey to more in-depth discussions. Below we summarize the key results from the discussions. The recreational use of nature was seen to be changing. Recreational use is increasing and its temporal rhythms are changing. At the same time, the visitor base becomes more diverse because of the general diversification of society and the fact that new user-groups have started to explore nature. Activities and ways of being in nature are also diversifying. Approaching the changes through four megatrends (social, environmental, political and technological changes). The social and environmental drivers of change were seen as the most important. social changes were identified to be related to the ageing of the population and the diversification of nature visitors. Climate change, as an environmental factor, was identified as the most important driver of change, impacting both nature but also human behaviour. Among the political drivers of change, particularly the increasing polarisation of society emerged in the discussion. In addition, political decisions relating to everyone's rights, biodiversity protection and resources directed for the management of recreational areas were seen as important. Technological changes were identified as important and this change taking place as part of the broader technologization of society. On the one hand, this general technologization increases the opportunities for access to and sharing of information. On the other hand, the increased ‘measurement culture’ also affects the amounts of recreational use, as people are aiming to reach their kilometer or step targets. The information needs of organisations were recognized to include 1) planning of management actions, 2) justifying one's own activities for securing funding and 3) informing visitors. Information is needed on visitor flows and their spatial and temporal distribution. In addition, information about the visitors themselves was considered necessary, especially as the visitor base is becoming more diverse. The workshop participants also expressed concern about those who do not visit recreational areas: how get more information about them and the factors that limit nature visits. Collecting visitor data was seen as expensive and time-consuming, which is why finding new kinds of data sources has potential. Mobile data was evaluated as an interesting source of information and its various aspects were discussed through a SWOT analysis. However, it was clear that in operational use, information must be reliable and easily accessible and some doubts were raised on the potential of mobile big data from this aspect. The event was organised by Aina Brias Guinart, Matti Hästbacka, Tatu Leppämäki, Jussi Torkko and Tuuli Toivonen. Johanna Eklund participated in the workshop from maternity leave. More information about the event or research can be found on the project's website or by e-mail to the project's researchers: mobicon-project@helsinki.fi. The MOBICON project will operate from 2022 to 2026 and it is funded by Kone Foundation. Website: https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/digital-geography-lab/projects/mobicon.
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