Academic literature on the topic 'Human gait model'
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Journal articles on the topic "Human gait model"
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Otoda, Yuji, Hiroshi Kimura, and Kunikatsu Takase. "Construction of Gait Adaptation Model in Human Splitbelt Treadmill Walking." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 6, no. 3-4 (2009): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/305061.
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There are a huge number of studies that measure kinematics, dynamics, the oxygen uptake and so on in human walking on the treadmill. Especially in walking on the splitbelt treadmill where the speed of the right and left belt is different, remarkable differences in kinematics are seen between normal and cerebellar disease subjects. In order to construct the gait adaptation model of such human splitbelt treadmill walking, we proposed a simple control model and made a newly developed 2D biped robot walk on the splitbelt treadmill. We combined the conventional limit-cycle based control consisting of joint PD-control, cyclic motion trajectory planning and a stepping reflex with a newly proposed adjustment of P-gain at the hip joint of the stance leg. We showed that the data of robot (normal subject model and cerebellum disease subject model) experiments had high similarities with the data of normal subjects and cerebellum disease subjects experiments carried out by Reisman et al. (2005) and Morton and Bastian (2006) in ratios and patterns. We also showed that P-gain at the hip joint of the stance leg was the control parameter of adaptation for symmetric gaits in splitbelt walking and P-gain adjustment corresponded to muscle stiffness adjustment by the cerebellum. Consequently, we successfully proposed the gait adaptation model in human splitbelt treadmill walking and confirmed the validity of our hypotheses and the proposed model using the biped robot.
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Bhangale, Ashish. "Human Gait Model for Automatic Extraction and Description for Gait Recognition." International Journal on Bioinformatics & Biosciences 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijbb.2012.2202.
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Duan, X. H., R. H. Allen, and J. Q. Sun. "A stiffness-varying model of human gait." Medical Engineering & Physics 19, no. 6 (September 1997): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4533(97)00022-2.
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Ashkenazy, Yosef, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff, Plamen Ch. Ivanov, and H. Eugene Stanley. "A stochastic model of human gait dynamics." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 316, no. 1-4 (December 2002): 662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(02)01453-x.
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Abdolvahab, Mohammad. "A synergetic model for human gait transitions." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 433 (September 2015): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2015.03.049.
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Lacker, HM, TH Choi, S. Schenk, B. Gupta, RP Narcessian, SA Sisto, S. Massood, et al. "21 A mathematical model of human gait dynamics." Gait & Posture 5, no. 2 (April 1997): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6362(97)83418-2.
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Zeng, Wei, Cong Wang, and Yuanqing Li. "Model-Based Human Gait Recognition Via Deterministic Learning." Cognitive Computation 6, no. 2 (June 7, 2013): 218–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12559-013-9221-4.
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Alsaif, Omar Ibrahim, Saba Qasim Hasan, and Abdulrafa Hussain Maray. "Using skeleton model to recognize human gait gender." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v12.i2.pp974-983.
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<span lang="EN-US">Biometrics became fairly important to help people identifications persons by their individualities or features. In this paper, gait recognition has been based on a skeleton model as an important indicator in prevalent activities. Using the reliable dataset for the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA) of silhouettes class C database. Each video has been discredited to 75 frames for each (20 persons (10 males and 10 females)) as (1.0), the result will be 1,500 frames. After Pre-processing the images, many features are extracted from human silhouette images. For gender classification, the human walking skeleton used in this study. The model proposed is based on morphological processes on the silhouette images. The common angle has been computed for the two legs. Later, principal components analysis (PCA) <em></em>was <em></em>applied <em></em>to <em></em>reduce <em></em>data <em></em>using <em></em>feature <em></em>selection <em></em>technology <em></em>to <em></em>get <em></em>the <em></em>most <em></em>useful <em></em>information in <em></em>gait <em></em>analysis. Applying two classifiers artificial neural network (ANN) and Gaussian Bayes to distinguish male or female for each classifier. The experimental results for the suggested method provided significant accomplishing about (95.5%), and accuracy of (75%). Gender classification using ANN is more efficient from the Gaussian Bayes technique by (20%), where ANN technique has given a superior performance in recognition.</span>
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Yang, Fan, Jun Wang, and Jin Ping Sun. "Human Gaits Differentiation Based on Micro-Doppler Features." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.203.
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The radar micro-Doppler signatures of human gait have been investigated and applied to many practical use since late 1990s.Human body can be modeled as jointly connected rigid segments or links. And yet the model was confined to the walking gait. In order to apply the model to different circumstances, the paper modified the currently used human walking model into three different models. Firstly, the analysis of human crouch walking with arms was given. Then radar echo of the model was provided, whose correctness and effectiveness were proved through simulation. Secondly the other two gaits,running and crawling, were modeled in the same way. Finall the paper constructed scenes that two men walked in varied walking gaits, through simulation conclusion was drawn that if two people walked in cetain different gaits,those two different gaits can be distinguished.
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HUANG, BUFU, MENG CHEN, KA KEUNG LEE, and YANGSHENG XU. "HUMAN IDENTIFICATION BASED ON GAIT MODELING." International Journal of Information Acquisition 04, no. 01 (March 2007): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878907001137.
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Human gait is a dynamic biometrical feature which is complex and difficult to imitate. It is unique and more secure than static features such as passwords, fingerprints and facial features. In this paper, we present intelligent shoes for human identification based on human gait modeling and similarity evaluation with hidden Markov models (HMMs). Firstly we describe the intelligent shoe system for collecting human dynamic gait performance. Using the proposed machine learning method hidden Markov models, an individual wearer's gait model is derived and we then demonstrate the procedure for recognizing different wearers by analyzing the corresponding models. Next, we define a hidden-Markov-model-based similarity measure which allows us to evaluate resultant learning models. With the most likely performance criterion, it will help us to derive the similarity of individual behavior and its corresponding model. By utilizing human gait modeling and similarity evaluation based on hidden Markov models, the proposed method has produced satisfactory results for human identification during testing.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human gait model"
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Yoo, Jang-Hee. "Recognizing human gait by model-driven statistical analysis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414595.
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Niu, Feng. "Human Activity Recognition and Pathological Gait Pattern Identification." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/247.
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Human activity analysis has attracted great interest from computer vision researchers due to its promising applications in many areas such as automated visual surveillance, computer-human interactions, and motion-based identification and diagnosis. This dissertation presents work in two areas: general human activity recognition from video, and human activity analysis for the purpose of identifying pathological gait from both 3D captured data and from video. Even though the research in human activity recognition has been going on for many years, still there are many issues that need more research. This includes the effective representation and modeling of human activities and the segmentation of sequences of continuous activities. In this thesis we present an algorithm that combines shape and motion features to represent human activities. In order to handle the activity recognition from any viewing angle we quantize the viewing direction and build a set of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), where each model represents the activity from a given view. Finally, a voting based algorithm is used to segment and recognize a sequence of human activities from video. Our method of representing activities has good attributes and is suitable for both low resolution and high resolution video. The voting based algorithm performs the segmentation and recognition simultaneously. Experiments on two sets of video clips of different activities show that our method is effective. Our work on identifying pathological gait is based on the assumption of gait symmetry. Previous work on gait analysis measures the symmetry of gait based on Ground Reaction Force data, stance time, swing time or step length. Since the trajectories of the body parts contain information about the whole body movement, we measure the symmetry of the gait based on the trajectories of the body parts. Two algorithms, which can work with different data sources, are presented. The first algorithm works on 3D motion-captured data and the second works on video data. Both algorithms use support vector machine (SVM) for classification. Each of the two methods has three steps: the first step is data preparation, i.e., obtaining the trajectories of the body parts; the second step is gait representation based on a measure of gait symmetry; and the last step is SVM based classification. For 3D motion-captured data, a set of features based on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is used to represent the gait. We demonstrate the accuracy of the classification by a set of experiments that shows that the method for 3D motion-captured data is highly effective. For video data, a model based tracking algorithm for human body parts is developed for preparing the data. Then, a symmetry measure that works on the sequence of 2D data, i.e. sequence of video frames, is derived to represent the gait. We performed experiments on both 2D projected data and real video data to examine this algorithm. The experimental results on 2D projected data showed that the presented algorithm is promising for identifying pathological gait from video. The experimental results on the real video data are not good as the results on 2D projected data. We believe that better results could be obtained if the accuracy of the tracking algorithm is improved.
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Sharif, Bidabadi Shiva. "Human Gait Model Development for Objective Analysis of Pre/Post Gait Characteristics Following Lumbar Spine Surgery." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/78468.
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Although multiple advanced tools and methods are available for gait analysis, the gait and its related disorders are usually assessed by visual inspection in the clinical environment. This thesis aims to introduce a gait analysis system that provides an objective method for gait evaluation in clinics and overcomes the limitations of the current gait analysis systems. Early identification of foot drop, a common gait disorder, would become possible using the proposed methodology.
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Ko, Seung-uk. "Human gait analysis by gait pattern measurement and forward dynamic model combined with non linear feedback control /." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/3754.
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Xiao, Ming. "Computer simulation of human walking model sensitivity and application to stroke gait /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 129 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885693291&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Srinivasan, Sujatha. "Low-dimensional modeling and analysis of human gait with application to the gait of transtibial prosthesis users." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1179865923.
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Lane, Gregory. "Human Knee FEA Model for Transtibial Amputee Tibial Cartilage Pressure in Gait and Cycling." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1833.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease affecting roughly 31 million Americans. The incidence of OA is significantly higher for persons who have suffered a transtibial amputation. Abnormal cartilage stress can cause higher OA risk, however it is unknown if there is a connection between exercise type and cartilage stress. To help answer this, a tibiofemoral FEA model was created. Utilizing linear elastic isotropic materials and non-linear springs, the model was validated to experimental cadaveric data. In a previous study, 6 control and 6 amputee subjects underwent gait and cycling experiments. The resultant knee loads were analyzed to find the maximum compressive load and the respective shear forces and rotation moments for each trial, which were then applied to the model. Maximum tibial contact stress values were extracted for both the medial and lateral compartments. Only exercise choice in the lateral compartment was found to be a significant interaction (p<0.0001). No other interactions in either compartment were significant. This suggests that cycling reduces the risk for lateral OA regardless of amputation status and medial OA risk is unaffected. This study also developed a process for creating subject-specific FEA models.
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Boonpratatong, Amaraporn. "Motion prediction and dynamic stability analysis of human walking : the effect of leg property." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/motion-prediction-and-dynamic-stability-analysis-of-human-walking-the-effect-of-leg-property(f36922af-1231-4dac-a92f-a16cbed8d701).html.
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The objective of this thesis is to develop and validate a computational framework based on mathematical models for the motion prediction and dynamic stability quantification of human walking, which can differentiate the dynamic stability of human walking with different mechanical properties of the leg. Firstly, a large measurement database of human walking motion was created. It contains walking measurement data of 8 subjects on 3 self-selected walking speeds, which 10 trials were recorded at each walking speed. The motion of whole-body centre of mass and the leg were calculated from the kinetic-kinematic measurement data. The fundamentals of leg property have been presented, and the parameters of leg property were extracted from the measurement data of human walking where the effects of walking speed and condition of foot-ground contact were investigated. Three different leg property definitions comprising linear axial elastic leg property, nonlinear axial elastic leg property and linear axial-tangential elastic leg property were used to extracted leg property parameters. The concept of posture-dependent leg property has been proposed, and the leg property parameters were extracted from the measurement data of human walking motion where the effects of walking speed and condition of foot-ground contact were also investigated. The compliant leg model with axial elastic property (CAE) was used for the dynamic stability analysis of human walking with linear and nonlinear axial elastic leg property. The compliant leg model with axial and tangential elastic property (CATE) was used for that with linear axial-tangential elastic leg property. The posture - dependent elastic leg model (PDE) was used for that with posture-dependent leg property. It was found that, with linear axial elastic leg property, the global stability of human walking improves with the bigger touchdown contact angle. The average leg property obtained from the measurement data of all participants allows the maximum global stability of human walking. With nonlinear axial elastic leg property, the global stability decreases with the stronger nonlinearity of leg stiffness. The incorporation of the tangential elasticity improves the global stability and shifts the stable walking velocity close to that of human walking at self-selected low speed (1.1-1.25 m/s).By the PDE model, the human walking motions were better predicted than by the CATE model. The effective range of walking prediction was enlarged to 1.12 – 1.8 m/s. However, represented by PDE model, only 1-2 walking steps can be achieved. In addition, the profiles of mechanical energies represented by the PDE model are different from that of the orbital stable walking represented by CATE model. Finally, the minimal requirements of the human walking measurements and the flexibility of simple walking models with deliberate leg property definitions allow the computational framework to be applicable in the dynamic stability analysis of the walking motion with a wide variety of mechanical property of the leg.
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Smith, Benjamin A. "Model Free Human Pose Estimation with Application to the Classification of Abnormal Human Movement and the Detection of Hidden Loads." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28360.
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The extraction and analysis of human gait characteristics using image sequences are an important area of research. Recently, the focus of this research area has turned to computer vision as an unobtrusive way to analyze human motions. The applications for such a system are wide ranging in many disciplines. For example, it has been shown that visual systems can be used to identify people by their gait, estimate a subjectâ s kinematic configuration and identify abnormal motion. The focus of this thesis is a system that accurately classifies observed motions without the use of an explicit spatial or temporal model. The visual detection of hidden loads through passive visual analysis of gait is presented as a test of the system.
The major contributions of this thesis are in two areas. The first is a neural network based scheme that classifies walking styles based on simple image metrics obtained from a single, monocular gray scale image sequence. The powerful neural network classifier utilized in this system provides an efficient, robust and highly accurate classification using these image metrics. This eliminates the need for more complex and difficult to obtain measures that are required by many of the currently human visual analysis systems. This system uses computer vision and pattern recognition techniques combined with physiological knowledge of human gait to estimate an observed subjectâ s hip angle. The hip angle is then used to calculate a normality index of the gait. The hip angle estimate and normality index are then used as inputs to a neural network. It is shown through experiment that this system provides an accurate classification of four different walking styles observed by a single camera. Secondly, a computer vision based approach is presented that provides an accurate pose estimate without the use of an explicit spatial or temporal model. A hybrid fuzzy neural network is used to assign contour points of a silhouette to kinematically relevant groups. These labeled points are used to estimate the joint locations of the subject. The joint angles are shown to be good estimates as compared to ground truth angles provided by a motion capture system. The effectiveness of the system to distinguish between subtle gait differences is demonstrated by detecting the presence of hidden loads when carried by walking people.Ph. D.
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Hill, David Allen Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A 3D neuromuscular model of the human ankle-foot complex based on multi-joint biplanar fluoroscopy gait analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119073.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 111-117).
During the gait cycle, the human ankle complex serves as a primary power generator while simultaneously stabilizing the entire limb. These actions are controlled by an intricate interplay of several lower leg muscles that cannot be fully uncovered using experimental methods alone. A combination of experiments and mathematical modeling may be used to estimate aspects of neuromusculoskeletal functions that control human gait. In this research, a three-dimensional neuromuscular model of the human ankle-foot complex based on biplanar fluoroscopy gait analysis is presented. Biplanar fluoroscopy (BiFlo) enables three-dimensional bone kinematics analysis using x-ray videos and bone geometry from segmented CT. Hindered by a small capture volume relative to traditional optical motion capture (MOCAP), BiFlo applications to human movement are generally limited to single-joint motions with constrained range. Here, a hybrid procedure is developed for multi-joint gait analysis using BiFlo and MOCAP in tandem. MOCAP effectively extends BiFlo's field-of-view. Subjects walked at a self-selected pace along a level walkway while BiFlo, MOCAP, and ground reaction forces were collected. A novel methodology was developed to register separate BiFlo measurements of the knee and ankle-foot complex. Kinematic analysis of bones surrounding the knee, ankle, and foot was performed. Kinematics obtained using this technique were compared to those calculated using only MOCAP during stance phase. Results show that this hybrid protocol effectively measures knee and ankle kinematics in all three body planes. Additionally, sagittal plane kinematics for select foot bone segments (proximal phalanges, metatarsals, and midfoot) was realized. The proposed procedure offers a novel approach to human gait analysis that eliminates errors originated by soft tissue artifacts, and is especially useful for ankle joint analysis, whose complexities are often simplified in MOCAP studies. Outcomes of the BiFlo walking experiments helped guide the development of a three-dimensional neuromuscular model of the human ankle-foot complex. Driven by kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography (EMG), the model seeks to solve the redundancy problem, individual muscle-tendon contributions to net joint torque, in ankle and subtalar joint actuation during overground gait. Kinematics and kinetics from BiFlo walking trials enable estimations of muscle-tendon lengths, moment arms, and joint torques. EMG yields estimates of muscle activation. Using each of these as inputs, an optimization approach was employed to calculate sets of morphological parameters that simultaneously maximize the neuromuscular model's metabolic efficiency and fit to experimental joint torques. This approach is based on the hypothesis that the muscle-tendon morphology of the human leg has evolved to maximize metabolic efficiency of walking at self-selected speed. Optimal morphological parameter sets produce estimates of force contributions and states for individual muscles. This research lends insight into the possible roles of individual muscle-tendons in the leg that lead to efficient gait.
by David Allen Hill.
Ph. D.
Books on the topic "Human gait model"
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Van Den Meerssche, Dimitri. The World Bank's Lawyers. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846495.001.0001.
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Abstract The World Bank’s Lawyers provides an original socio-legal account of the evolving institutional life of international law. Informed by oral archives, months of participant observation, interviews, legal memoranda and documents obtained through freedom-of-information requests, it tells an untold story of the World Bank’s legal department between 1983 and 2016. This is a story of people and the beliefs they have, the influence they seek and the tools they employ. It is an account of the practices they cling to and how these practices gain traction, or how they fail to do so, in an international bureaucracy. Inspired by Actor-Network Theory, relational sociologies of association and performativity theory, this ethnographic exploration multiplies the matters of concern in our study of international law(yering): the human and non-human, material and semantic, obscure and evasive actants that tie together the fragile fabric of legality. In tracing these threads, this book signals important changes in the conceptual repertoire and materiality of international legal practice, as liberal ideals were gradually displaced by managerial modes of evaluation. It reveals a world teeming with life—a space where professional postures and prototypes, aesthetic styles and technical routines are woven together in law’s shifting mode of existence. This history of international law as a contingent cultural technique enriches our understanding of the discipline’s disenchantment and the displacement of its traditional tropes by unexpected and unruly actors. It thereby inspires new ways of critical thinking about international law’s political pathways, promises and pathologies, as its language is inscribed in ever-evolving rationalities of rule.
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Bauer, Jack. The Transformative Self. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199970742.001.0001.
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Everyone wants a good life. Some try to create a good life by cultivating personal growth. They have a transformative self. This book explains how people form a transformative self, primarily in their evolving life stories, to help cultivate growth toward a life of happiness, love, and wisdom for the self and others. It introduces an innovative framework of values and personhood to strengthen and integrate three main areas of study: narrative identity, the good life, and personal growth. The result is a unique model of humane growth and human flourishing. Each chapter builds on that framework to explore topics central to the transformative self, such as how cultural beliefs of a good life shape our narrative identity; how narrative thinking shapes cultural and personal beliefs of a good life; how cultural master narratives shape our ideals for personal growth; how growth differs from gain, recovery, and other positive changes in the life story; how happiness, love, wisdom, and growth serve as superordinate goods in life; how the hard and soft margins of society thwart and facilitate personal growth; the dark side of growth; and the lengthy development of authenticity and self-actualizing. This book synthesizes scholarship from scientific research across several subfields of psychology to philosophy, literature, history, and cultural studies. It offers a creative and scientifically grounded framework for exploring three of life’s perennial questions: How do we make sense of our lives? What is a good life? and How do we create one?
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Button, Chris, Ludovic Seifert, Jia Yi Chow, Duarte Araújo, and Keith Davids. Dynamics of Skill Acquisition. 2nd ed. Human Kinetics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718214125.
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Dynamics of Skill Acquisition, Second Edition, provides an analysis of the processes underlying human skill acquisition. As the first text to outline the multidisciplinary ecological dynamics framework for understanding movement behavior, this heavily updated edition stays on the cutting edge, with principles of nonlinear pedagogy and methodologies from the constraints-led approach. Students and practitioners across a variety of professions—including coaches, physical educators, trainers, and rehabilitation specialists—will appreciate the applied focus of this second edition. Movement models throughout the text provide examples for visualizing task constraints and enhancing the study and understanding of movement behavior. Athletes and sports teams are presented as specific complex adaptive systems, with information on designing learning environments and adapting programs to foster skill development. Readers will learn the historical evolution of dynamical systems theory and the ecological dynamics framework. These foundational concepts illustrate the integration between intentional action, cognition, and decision making and their effects on performance and behavior. Complex theoretical concepts are explained in simple terms and related to practice, focusing on the implications of the work of pioneering researchers such as Nikolai Bernstein, Egon Brunswik, James Gibson, Scott Kelso, and Karl Newell. Case studies written by practitioners contain specific examples of the ecological dynamics framework in action, bringing theory to life. By learning how to identify and manipulate key constraints that influence learning skilled behavior, readers will gain insight into practice designs for creating positive learning experiences that enable individuals to develop and learn functional movements. Throughout the book, learning features guide readers through material with clear direction and focus to improve understanding. Spotlight on Research sidebars provide detailed descriptions of important studies to connect theory, research, and application. Lab activities teach application skills beyond the content, ensuring reader understanding. In addition, chapter objectives, self-test questions, and Key Concept sidebars highlight important concepts in each chapter. With the study of human movement now bridging many disciplines, including motor development, psychology, biology, and physical therapy, Dynamics of Skill Acquisition, Second Edition, provides a timely analysis of the ecological dynamics framework and presents a comprehensive model for understanding how coordination patterns are assembled, controlled, and acquired. The theoretical roots and development of the ecological dynamics framework provide application strategies for all people with an interest in movement coordination and control. AUDIENCE An upper-level undergraduate or graduate textbook for courses in human movement and skill acquisition. A professional reference for movement practitioners and scientists, including teachers, coaches, trainers, physical educators, physical therapists, rehabilitation specialists, sport scientists, psychologists, biomechanists, sport analysts and physiologists.
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Kokas, Aynne. Trafficking Data. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197620502.001.0001.
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Abstract Trafficking Data argues that the movement of human data across borders for political and financial gain is disenfranchising consumers, eroding national autonomy, and destabilizing sovereignty. Focusing on the United States and China, it traces how US government leadership failures, Silicon Valley’s disruption fetish, and Wall Street’s addiction to growth have yielded an unprecedented opportunity for Chinese firms to gather data in the United States and quietly send it back to China and, by extension, to the Chinese government. Such “data trafficking,” as the book names this insidious phenomenon, is enabled by the competing governance models of the world’s two largest economies: mass government data aggregation in China and impenetrable corporate data management policies in the United States. China is stepping up its data trafficking efforts through national regulations, soft power persuasion, and tech investment, extending the scope of state control over domestic and international data and tech infrastructure, and thereby expanding its global influence. The United States, by contrast, is retreating from participation in foreign alliances, international organizations, and the systemic regulation of the tech industry—practices with the potential to counter data trafficking. Confronting data trafficking as the defining international competition of the twenty-first century, this book advocates for an alternative future of data stabilization. To stem data trafficking and stabilize data flows, it shows, policymakers can synthesize tools from across the private sector, public sector, multinational organizations, and consumers to protect users, secure national sovereignty, and establish valuable international standards.
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Kennedy, J. Gerald, and Scott Peeples, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Edgar Allan Poe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190641870.001.0001.
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No American author of the early 19th century enjoys a larger international audience than Edgar Allan Poe. Widely translated, read, and studied, he occupies an iconic place in global culture. Such acclaim would have gratified Poe, who deliberately wrote for “the world at large” and mocked the provincialism of strictly nationalistic themes. Partly for this reason, early literary historians cast Poe as an outsider, regarding his dark fantasies as extraneous to American life and experience. Only in the 20th century did Poe finally gain a prominent place in the national canon. Changing critical approaches have deepened our understanding of Poe’s complexity and revealed an author who defies easy classification. New models of interpretation have excited fresh debates about his essential genius, his subversive imagination, his cultural insight, and his ultimate impact, urging an expansive reconsideration of his literary achievement. Edited by leading experts J. Gerald Kennedy and Scott Peeples, this volume presents a sweeping reexamination of Poe’s work. Forty-five distinguished scholars address Poe’s troubled life and checkered career as a “magazinist,” his poetry and prose, and his reviews, essays, opinions, and marginalia. The chapters provide fresh insights into Poe’s lasting impact on subsequent literature, music, art, comics, and film and illuminate his radical conception of the universe, science, and the human mind. Wide-ranging and thought-provoking, this Handbook reveals a thoroughly modern Poe, whose timeless fables of peril and loss will continue to attract new generations of readers and scholars.
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Farias, Pedro Lima Gondim de, and Marcus Aurélio de Freitas Barros. Advocacia na Era Digital: Uma análise sobre possíveis impactos práticos e jurídicos das novas tecnologias na dinâmica da advocacia privada. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-213-1.
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This work aims to analyze the possible practical and legal repercussions of the implementation of technologies characteristic of the digital age in the dynamics of advocacy. Considering the increasing influence that scientific advances have exercised not only in human life, but especially in the ways of working and in the models of the professions, the objective was to prospectively investigate the transformations of this context in advocacy. In order to improve the understanding of the research, three common sectors-activities were separated between the more traditional advocacy: manual labor; systems and departments, highlighting the most recurring bottlenecks. Ahead, there were also three technologies highlighted in the technological revolution, which were: artificial intelligence; automation of legal documents and big data. In the meantime, possible resistance factors between law and technology were also discussed. Finally, through a bibliographic and exploratory methodological process, the research explored possible consequences of the direct insertion of these new technologies in each specific sector of traditional law, considering the functionalities and the problems that would be solved. Thus, there were several repercussions, both practical and legal, including the financial, methodological, strategic and organizational logistics of the offices, among which were mentioned: gain of time; fees. internal costs; data-based procedural strategy, and more. Still, in addition to the realization of the high probability of changes in the lawyer's practice, there was a need to seek solutions that really connect the law to innovations in this new scenario, with emphasis on the contracting of services offered by lawtechs.
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Cappuccio, Massimiliano L., ed. Handbook of Embodied Cognition and Sport Psychology. The MIT Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10764.001.0001.
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The first systematic collaboration between cognitive scientists and sports psychologists considers the mind–body relationship from the perspective of athletic skill and sports practice. This landmark work is the first systematic collaboration between cognitive scientists and sports psychologists that considers the mind–body relationship from the perspective of athletic skill and sports practice. With twenty-six chapters by leading researchers, the book connects and integrates findings from fields that range from philosophy of mind to sociology of sports. The chapters show not only that sports can tell scientists how the human mind works but also that the scientific study of the human mind can help athletes succeed. Sports psychology research has always focused on the themes, notions, and models of embodied cognition; embodied cognition, in turn, has found striking confirmation of its theoretical claims in the psychological accounts of sports performance and athletic skill. Athletic skill is a legitimate form of intelligence, involving cognitive faculties no less sophisticated and complex than those required by mathematical problem solving. After presenting the key concepts necessary for applying embodied cognition to sports psychology, the book discusses skill disruption (the tendency to “choke” under pressure); sensorimotor skill acquisition and how training correlates to the development of cognitive faculties; the intersubjective and social dimension of sports skills, seen in team sports; sports practice in cultural and societal contexts; the notion of “affordance” and its significance for ecological psychology and embodied cognition theory; and the mind's predictive capabilities, which enable anticipation, creativity, improvisation, and imagination in sports performance. ContributorsAna Maria Abreu, Kenneth Aggerholm, Salvatore Maria Aglioti, Jesús Ilundáin-Agurruza, Duarte Araújo, Jürgen Beckmann, Kath Bicknell, Geoffrey P. Bingham, Jens E. Birch, Gunnar Breivik, Noel E. Brick, Massimiliano L. Cappuccio, Thomas H. Carr, Alberto Cei, Anthony Chemero, Wayne Christensen, Lincoln J. Colling, Cassie Comley, Keith Davids, Matt Dicks, Caren Diehl, Karl Erickson, Anna Esposito, Pedro Tiago Esteves, Mirko Farina, Giolo Fele, Denis Francesconi, Shaun Gallagher, Gowrishankar Ganesh, Raúl Sánchez-García, Rob Gray, Denise M. Hill, Daniel D. Hutto, Tsuyoshi Ikegami, Geir Jordet, Adam Kiefer, Michael Kirchhoff, Kevin Krein, Kenneth Liberman, Tadhg E. MacIntyre, Nelson Mauro Maldonato, David L. Mann, Richard S. W. Masters, Patrick McGivern, Doris McIlwain, Michele Merritt, Christopher Mesagno, Vegard Fusche Moe, Barbara Gail Montero, Aidan P. Moran, David Moreau, Hiroki Nakamoto, Alberto Oliverio, David Papineau, Gert-Jan Pepping, Miriam Reiner, Ian Renshaw, Michael A. Riley, Zuzanna Rucinska, Lawrence Shapiro, Paula Silva, Shannon Spaulding, John Sutton, Phillip D. Tomporowski, John Toner, Andrew D. Wilson, Audrey Yap, Qin Zhu, Christopher Madan
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Shengelia, Revaz. Modern Economics. Universal, Georgia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/rsme012021.
Full textAbstract:
Economy and mankind are inextricably interlinked. Just as the economy or the production of material wealth is unimaginable without a man, so human existence and development are impossible without the wealth created in the economy. Shortly, both the goal and the means of achieving and realization of the economy are still the human resources. People have long ago noticed that it was the economy that created livelihoods, and the delays in their production led to the catastrophic events such as hunger, poverty, civil wars, social upheavals, revolutions, moral degeneration, and more. Therefore, the special interest of people in understanding the regulatory framework of the functioning of the economy has existed and exists in all historical epochs [A. Sisvadze. Economic theory. Part One. 2006y. p. 22]. The system of economic disciplines studies economy or economic activities of a society. All of them are based on science, which is currently called economic theory in the post-socialist space (the science of economics, the principles of economics or modern economics), and in most countries of the world - predominantly in the Greek-Latin manner - economics. The title of the present book is also Modern Economics. Economics (economic theory) is the science that studies the efficient use of limited resources to produce and distribute goods and services in order to satisfy as much as possible the unlimited needs and demands of the society. More simply, economics is the science of choice and how society manages its limited resources. Moreover, it should be emphasized that economics (economic theory) studies only the distribution, exchange and consumption of the economic wealth (food, beverages, clothing, housing, machine tools, computers, services, etc.), the production of which is possible and limited. And the wealth that exists indefinitely: no economic relations are formed in the production and distribution of solar energy, air, and the like. This current book is the second complete updated edition of the challenges of the modern global economy in the context of the coronary crisis, taking into account some of the priority directions of the country's development. Its purpose is to help students and interested readers gain a thorough knowledge of economics and show them how this knowledge can be applied pragmatically (professionally) in professional activities or in everyday life. To achieve this goal, this textbook, which consists of two parts and tests, discusses in simple and clear language issues such as: the essence of economics as a science, reasons for origin, purpose, tasks, usefulness and functions; Basic principles, problems and peculiarities of economics in different economic systems; Needs and demand, the essence of economic resources, types and limitations; Interaction, mobility, interchangeability and efficient use of economic resources. The essence and types of wealth; The essence, types and models of the economic system; The interaction of households and firms in the market of resources and products; Market mechanism and its elements - demand, supply and price; Demand and supply elasticity; Production costs and the ways to reduce them; Forms of the market - perfect and incomplete competition markets and their peculiarities; Markets for Production Factors and factor incomes; The essence of macroeconomics, causes and importance of origin; The essence and calculation of key macroeconomic indicators (gross national product, gross domestic product, net national product, national income, etc.); Macroeconomic stability and instability, unemployment, inflation and anti-inflationary policies; State regulation of the economy and economic policy; Monetary and fiscal policy; Income and standard of living; Economic Growth; The Corona Pandemic as a Defect and Effect of Globalization; National Economic Problems and New Opportunities for Development in the conditions of the Coronary Crisis; The Socio-economic problems of moral obsolescence in digital technologies; Education and creativity are the main solution way to overcome the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus; Positive and negative effects of tourism in Georgia; Formation of the middle class as a contributing factor to the development of tourism in Georgia; Corporate culture in Georgian travel companies, etc. The axiomatic truth is that economics is the union of people in constant interaction. Given that the behavior of the economy reflects the behavior of the people who make up the economy, after clarifying the essence of the economy, we move on to the analysis of the four principles of individual decision-making. Furtermore, the book describes how people make independent decisions. The key to making an individual decision is that people have to choose from alternative options, that the value of any action is measured by the value of what must be given or what must be given up to get something, that the rational, smart people make decisions based on the comparison of the marginal costs and marginal returns (benefits), and that people behave accordingly to stimuli. Afterwards, the need for human interaction is then analyzed and substantiated. If a person is isolated, he will have to take care of his own food, clothes, shoes, his own house and so on. In the case of such a closed economy and universalization of labor, firstly, its productivity will be low and, secondly, it will be able to consume only what it produces. It is clear that human productivity will be higher and more profitable as a result of labor specialization and the opportunity to trade with others. Indeed, trade allows each person to specialize, to engage in the activities that are most successful, be it agriculture, sewing or construction, and to buy more diverse goods and services from others at a relatively lower price. The key to such human interactions is that trade is mutually beneficial; That markets are usually the good means of coordination between people and that the government can improve the results of market functioning if the market reveals weakness or the results of market functioning are not fair. Moroever, it also shows how the economy works as a whole. In particular, it is argued that productivity is a key determinant of living standards, that an increase in the money supply is a major source of inflation, and that one of the main impediments to avoiding inflation is the existence of an alternative between inflation and unemployment in the short term, that the inflation decrease causes the temporary decline in unemployement and vice versa. The Understanding creatively of all above mentioned issues, we think, will help the reader to develop market economy-appropriate thinking and rational economic-commercial-financial behaviors, to be more competitive in the domestic and international labor markets, and thus to ensure both their own prosperity and the functioning of the country's economy. How he/she copes with the tasks, it is up to the individual reader to decide. At the same time, we will receive all the smart useful advices with a sense of gratitude and will take it into account in the further work. We also would like to thank the editor and reviewers of the books. Finally, there are many things changing, so it is very important to realize that the XXI century has come: 1. The century of the new economy; 2. Age of Knowledge; 3. Age of Information and economic activities are changing in term of innovations. 1. Why is the 21st century the century of the new economy? Because for this period the economic resources, especially non-productive, non-recoverable ones (oil, natural gas, coal, etc.) are becoming increasingly limited. According to the World Energy Council, there are currently 43 years of gas and oil reserves left in the world (see “New Commersant 2007 # 2, p. 16). Under such conditions, sustainable growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) and maximum satisfaction of uncertain needs should be achieved not through the use of more land, labor and capital (extensification), but through more efficient use of available resources (intensification) or innovative economy. And economics, as it was said, is the science of finding the ways about the more effective usage of the limited resources. At the same time, with the sustainable growth and development of the economy, the present needs must be met in a way that does not deprive future generations of the opportunity to meet their needs; 2. Why is the 21st century the age of knowledge? Because in a modern economy, it is not land (natural resources), labor and capital that is crucial, but knowledge. Modern production, its factors and products are not time-consuming and capital-intensive, but science-intensive, knowledge-intensive. The good example of this is a Japanese enterprise (firm) where the production process is going on but people are almost invisible, also, the result of such production (Japanese product) is a miniature or a sample of how to get the maximum result at the lowest cost; 3. Why is the 21st century the age of information? Because the efficient functioning of the modern economy, the effective organization of the material and personal factors of production largely depend on the right governance decision. The right governance decision requires prompt and accurate information. Gone are the days when the main means of transport was a sailing ship, the main form of data processing was pencil and paper, and the main means of transmitting information was sending letters through a postman on horseback. By the modern transport infrastructure (highways, railways, ships, regular domestic and international flights, oil and gas pipelines, etc.), the movement of goods, services and labor resoucres has been significantly accelerated, while through the modern means of communication (mobile phone, internet, other) the information is spreading rapidly globally, which seems to have "shrunk" the world and made it a single large country. The Authors of the book: Ushangi Samadashvili, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University - Introduction, Chapters - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11,12, 15,16, 17.1,18 , Tests, Revaz Shengelia, Doctor of Economics, Professor of Georgian Technical University, Chapters_7, 8, 13. 14, 17.2, 17.4; Zhuzhuna Tsiklauri - Doctor of Economics, Professor of Georgian Technical University - Chapters 13.6, 13.7,17.2, 17.3, 18. We also thank the editor and reviewers of the book.
Book chapters on the topic "Human gait model"
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Nixon, Mark S., Tieniu Tan, and Rama Chellappa. "Model-Based Approaches." In Human Identification Based on Gait, 107–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-29488-9_6.
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Yang, Jiankun, Dewen Jin, Linhong Ji, Jichuan Zhang, Rencheng Wang, Xin Fang, and Dawei Zhou. "An Inverse Dynamical Model for Slip Gait." In Digital Human Modeling, 253–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73321-8_30.
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Baker, Richard, Fabien Leboeuf, Julie Reay, and Morgan Sangeux. "The Conventional Gait Model - Success and Limitations." In Handbook of Human Motion, 489–508. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14418-4_25.
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Baker, Richard, Fabien Leboeuf, Julie Reay, and Morgan Sangeux. "The Conventional Gait Model - Success and Limitations." In Handbook of Human Motion, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30808-1_25-2.
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Yagi, Yasushi, Ikuhisa Mitsugami, Satoshi Shioiri, and Hitoshi Habe. "Behavior Understanding Based on Intention-Gait Model." In Human-Harmonized Information Technology, Volume 2, 139–72. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56535-2_5.
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Bhanu, Bir, and Ju Han. "Discrimination Analysis for Model-Based Gait Recognition." In Human Recognition at a Distance in Video, 57–64. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_4.
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Calow, Roman, Bernd Michaelis, and Ayoub Al-Hamadi. "Solutions for Model-Based Analysis of Human Gait." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 540–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45243-0_69.
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Bhanu, Bir, and Ju Han. "Model-Free Gait-Based Human Recognition in Video." In Human Recognition at a Distance in Video, 25–56. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_3.
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Bhanu, Bir, and Ju Han. "Model-Based Human Recognition—2D and 3D Gait." In Human Recognition at a Distance in Video, 65–94. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_5.
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Zell, Petrissa, and Bodo Rosenhahn. "A Physics-Based Statistical Model for Human Gait Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 169–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24947-6_14.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Human gait model"
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Shirke, Suvarna, S.S.Pawar, and Kamal Shah. "Literature Review: Model Free Human Gait Recognition." In 2014 International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csnt.2014.252.
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Sivolobov, Sergey. "Human Gait Model Optimization for Person Identification." In 2022 4th International Conference on Control Systems, Mathematical Modeling, Automation and Energy Efficiency (SUMMA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/summa57301.2022.9973857.
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Rani, Veenu, and Munish Kumar. "DeepNet-Gait: Human Identification by Gait Using Convolutional Neural Network Model." In 2023 10th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spin57001.2023.10117067.
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Geisheimer, Jonathan L., Eugene F. Greneker III, and William S. Marshall. "High-resolution Doppler model of the human gait." In AeroSense 2002, edited by Nickolas L. Faust, James L. Kurtz, and Robert Trebits. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.488286.
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Liu, Hongcheng, Xiaodong Zhang, Ke Zhu, and Hang Niu. "Thigh Skin Strain Model for Human Gait Movement." In 2021 IEEE Asia Conference on Information Engineering (ACIE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acie51979.2021.9381089.
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Li, Zhihui, and Fenggang Huang. "Human Gait Tracking Based on Linear Model Fitting." In 2006 International Multi-Symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences (IMSCCS). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imsccs.2006.76.
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Ghaeminia, Mohammad H., Ali Badiezadeh, and Shahriar B. Shokouhi. "An Efficient Energy Model for Human Gait Recognition." In 2016 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2016.7797006.
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Chen, Meng, Bufu Huang, and Yangsheng Xu. "Human Abnormal Gait Modeling via Hidden Markov Model." In 2007 International Conference on Information Acquisition. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icia.2007.4295787.
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Dao, Trung-Kien. "A Human Gait Model Using Graph-Theoretic Method." In Proceedings of The 3rd IFToMM International Symposium on Robotics and Mechatronics, chair Van-Hiep Dao. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-7744-9_012.
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Thayer, Jessica B., and Philip A. Voglewede. "Improvement of a Forward Dynamic Predictive Human Gait Model." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97162.
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Abstract Lack of understanding of human gait is detrimental to the development of gait related treatments and devices. This study improves a dynamic, predictive model of human gait which uses model predictive control (MPC) to replicate the control of the central nervous system (CNS). In this work, improved performance criteria, including metabolic cost and dynamic effort, are developed using an existing optimization framework to better mimic control of the CNS. Consistent with existing literature, incorporating dynamic effort and COM energy into the objective function improved gait simulations. This study also demonstrates COM energy and dynamic effort can both be used to predict metabolic energy consumption, which is likely the primary optimization criteria in normal gait generation.
Reports on the topic "Human gait model"
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Muelaner, Jody, ed. Unsettled Issues in Commercial Vehicle Platooning. SAE International, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021027.
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Platooning has the potential to reduce the energy consumption of commercial vehicles while improving safety; however, both advantages are currently difficult to quantify due to insufficient data and the wide range of variables affecting models. Platooning will significantly reduce the use of energy when compared to trucks driven alone, or at a safe distance for a driver without any automated assistance. Platooning will also reduce stopping distances—multiple states in the US have passed laws authorizing truck platoons to operate at shorter gaps than are authorized for normal, human-driven trucks. However, drivers typically do not currently leave the recommended gaps and, therefore, already gain much of the potential energy savings by drafting lead vehicles, albeit illegally. The automated systems associated with platooning cannot be programmed to flout safety recommendations in the way that human drivers routinely do. Therefore, actual energy savings may be minimal while safety may be greatly improved. More data will be needed to conclusively demonstrate a safety gain. Recommended safe gaps are currently highly generalized and must necessarily assume worst-case braking performance. Using a combination of condition monitoring and vehicle-to-vehicle communications, platooning systems will be able to account for the braking performance of other vehicles within the platoon. If all the vehicles in a platoon have a high level of braking performance, the platoon will be able to operate in a more efficient, tighter formation. Driver acceptance of platooning technology will increase as the systems become more effective and do not displace jobs. The increased loading of infrastructure must also be considered, and there may be requirements for upgrades on bridges or restrictions on platooning operation.
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CONSENSUS STUDY ON THE STATE OF THE HUMANITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA: STATUS, PROSPECTS AND STRATEGIES. Academy of Science of South Africa, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2016/0025.
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The purpose of this study was to provide evidence-based advice on the status and future role of the Humanities in South Africa to government and other stakeholders (such as science councils, the department of education, universities) as a contribution towards improving the human condition. Everywhere, the Humanities is judged by many to be in “crisis.” The reasons for this, in South Africa, include the governmental emphasis on science and technology; the political emphasis on the economically-grounded idea of “developmentalism;” the shift of values among youth (and their parents) towards practical employment and financial gain; and the argument that the challenges faced by our society are so urgent and immediate that the reflective and critical modes of thinking favoured in the Humanities seem to be unaffordable luxuries. The Report provides invaluable detail about the challenges and opportunities associated with tapping the many pools of excellence that exist in the country. It should be used as a guideline for policymakers to do something concrete to improve the circumstances faced by the Humanities, not only in South Africa but also around the world. Amongst other recommendations, the Report calls for the establishment of a Council for the Humanities to advise government on how to improve the status and standing of the Humanities in South Africa. It also calls for initiation, through the leadership of the Department of Basic Education, considered measures to boost knowledge of and positive choices for the Humanities throughout the twelve years of schooling, including progressive ways of privileging the Arts, History and Languages in the school curriculum through Grade 12.