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1

Sallm??n, Markku, Donna Baird, Allen Wilcox, Clarice Weinberg, and Marja-Liisa Lindbohm. "Human Fertility Decline?" Epidemiology 17, no. 2 (March 2006): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000199517.66134.3e.

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2

Joffe, Michael, Jane Key, Nicky Best, Niels Keiding, and Tina Kold Jensen. "Human Fertility Decline?" Epidemiology 17, no. 2 (March 2006): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000199518.37404.6c.

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3

Jensen, Tina Kold, Niels Keiding, Thomas Scheike, Remy Slama, and Alfred Spira. "Declining human fertility?" Fertility and Sterility 73, no. 2 (February 2000): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00525-7.

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4

Joffe, Michael, Jane Key, Nicky Best, and Tina Kold Jensen. "Studying Human Fertility." Environmental Health Perspectives 112, no. 11 (August 1, 2004): a604—a605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.112-a604b.

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5

Pacey, Allan A. "Human Fertility gets bigger!" Human Fertility 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14647273.2021.1899481.

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6

de La Rochebrochard, Elise, Lyliane Rosetta, and C. G. N. Mascie-Taylor. "Variability in Human Fertility." Population (French Edition) 53, no. 5 (September 1998): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1534836.

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7

Pinnelli, Antonella, and Mariachiara Di Cesare. "Human fertility: sociodemographic aspects." Contraception 72, no. 4 (October 2005): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2005.01.008.

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8

Jensen, Tina Kold, Anders Nyboe Andersen, and Niels Erik Skakkebæk. "Is human fertility declining?" International Congress Series 1266 (April 2004): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2004.01.113.

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9

Vitzthum, Virginia J. "Variability in human fertility." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 107, no. 3 (November 1998): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199811)107:3<367::aid-ajpa12>3.0.co;2-j.

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10

Campbell, Benjamin C. "Variation in human fertility." American Journal of Human Biology 9, no. 3 (1997): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(1997)9:3<406::aid-ajhb13>3.0.co;2-q.

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11

Campbell, Benjamin C. "Variation in human fertility." American Journal of Human Biology 9, no. 3 (1997): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(1997)9:3<406::aid-ajhb13>3.3.co;2-k.

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12

Campbell, Benjamin C. "Variation in human fertility." American Journal of Human Biology 9, no. 3 (1997): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(1997)9:3<406::aid-ajhb15>3.0.co;2-q.

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13

Leese, Henry. "Human Fertility Impact Factor Editorial." Human Fertility 15, no. 3 (August 27, 2012): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14647273.2012.714196.

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14

Saunders, John, Wayne A. Schutjer, and C. Shannon Stokes. "Rural Development and Human Fertility." Social Forces 65, no. 1 (September 1986): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2578950.

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15

Guégan, Jean-François, Frédéric Thomas, Michael E. Hochberg, Thierry de Meeûs, and François Renaud. "DISEASE DIVERSITY AND HUMAN FERTILITY." Evolution 55, no. 7 (2001): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[1308:ddahf]2.0.co;2.

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16

Caldwell, J. C. "Rural Development and Human Fertility." Population Studies 40, no. 3 (November 1, 1986): 512–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000142466.

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17

Bari, M., N. Battista, A. Cartoni, G. D'Arcangelo, and M. Maccarrone. "Endocannabinoid Degradation and Human Fertility." Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics 2, no. 3-4 (June 2002): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j175v02n03_03.

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18

Guégan, Jean-François, Frédéric Thomas, Michael E. Hochberg, Thierry de Meeus, and François Renaud. "DISEASE DIVERSITY AND HUMAN FERTILITY." Evolution 55, no. 7 (July 2001): 1308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00653.x.

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19

Kremer, Jan A. M. "Human reproduction and fertility control." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 71, no. 1 (January 1997): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-2115(97)02552-9.

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20

Varvarigos, Dimitrios, and Panagiotis Arsenis. "Corruption, fertility, and human capital." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 109 (January 2015): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.11.006.

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21

Lopreato, Joseph, and Mei-yu Yu. "Human fertility and fitness optimization." Ethology and Sociobiology 9, no. 5 (September 1988): 269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(88)90009-x.

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22

C., M., Wayne A. Schutjer, and C. Shannon Stokes. "Rural Development and Human Fertility." Population and Development Review 11, no. 1 (March 1985): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1973394.

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23

Westendorp, Rudi G. J., Frederique M. van Dunne, Tom B. L. Kirkwood, Frans M. Helmerhorst, and Tom W. J. Huizinga. "Optimizing human fertility and survival." Nature Medicine 7, no. 8 (August 2001): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/90868.

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24

LEE, RONALD. "Human Fertility and Population Equilibrium." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 709, no. 1 (February 1994): 396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb30425.x.

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25

Toshimori, Kiyotaka, and Chizuru Ito. "Human Sperm Ultrastructures and Fertility." Journal of Mammalian Ova Research 25, no. 4 (October 2008): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1274/0916-7625-25.4.232.

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26

Silber, Sherman J., Keiichi Kato, Naoki Aoyama, Akiko Yabuuchi, Helen Skaletsky, Yuting Fan, Kazunori Shinohara, Noriyuki Yatabe, and Tamotsu Kobayashi. "Intrinsic fertility of human oocytes." Fertility and Sterility 107, no. 5 (May 2017): 1232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.03.014.

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27

Kim, Yuri, and James J. Lee. "The genetics of human fertility." Current Opinion in Psychology 27 (June 2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.07.011.

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28

Afnan, Masoud, Jacqueline Chung, Raymond Li, and Tin-Chiu Li. "Human Fertility publishes China issue." Human Fertility 26, no. 4 (August 8, 2023): 699–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14647273.2023.2283263.

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29

Otašević, Vesna, Aleksandra Korać, Ana Stančić, Aleksandra Janković, and Bato Korać. "Impact of nutrition on human fertility." Hrana i ishrana 59, no. 2 (2018): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/hraish1802053o.

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30

Bryant, Gregory A., and Martie G. Haselton. "Vocal cues of ovulation in human females." Biology Letters 5, no. 1 (October 8, 2008): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0507.

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Recent research has documented a variety of ovulatory cues in humans, and in many nonhuman species, the vocal channel provides cues of reproductive state. We collected two sets of vocal samples from 69 normally ovulating women: one set during the follicular (high-fertility) phase of the cycle and one set during the luteal (low-fertility) phase, with ovulation confirmed by luteinizing hormone tests. In these samples we measured fundamental frequency (pitch), formant dispersion, jitter, shimmer, harmonics-to-noise ratio and speech rate. When speaking a simple introductory sentence, women's pitch increased during high- as compared with low-fertility, and this difference was the greatest for women whose voices were recorded on the two highest fertility days within the fertile window (the 2 days just before ovulation). This pattern did not occur when the same women produced vowels. The high- versus low-fertility difference in pitch was associated with the approach of ovulation and not menstrual onset, thus representing, to our knowledge, the first research to show a specific cyclic fertility cue in the human voice. We interpret this finding as evidence of a fertility-related enhancement of femininity consistent with other research documenting attractiveness-related changes associated with ovulation.
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31

Skakkebæk, Niels E., Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen, Hagai Levine, Anna-Maria Andersson, Niels Jørgensen, Katharina M. Main, Øjvind Lidegaard, et al. "Environmental factors in declining human fertility." Nature Reviews Endocrinology 18, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00598-8.

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32

Labouriau, Rodrigo, and António Amorim. "Human Fertility Increases With Marital Radius." Genetics 178, no. 1 (January 2008): 601–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.107.072454.

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33

Aitken, R. John. "The changing tide of human fertility." Human Reproduction 37, no. 4 (January 25, 2022): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deac011.

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Abstract Over the past half-century, the world has witnessed a steep decline in fertility rates in virtually every country on Earth. This universal decline in fertility is being driven by increasing prosperity largely through the mediation of social factors, the most powerful of which are the education of women and an accompanying shift in life’s purpose away from procreation. In addition, it is clear that environmental and lifestyle factors are also having a profound impact on our reproductive competence particularly in the male where increasing prosperity is associated with a significant rise in the incidence of testicular cancer and a secular decline in semen quality and testosterone levels. On a different timescale, we should also recognize that the increased prosperity associated with the demographic transition greatly reduces the selection pressure on high fertility genes by lowering the rates of infant and childhood mortality. The retention of poor fertility genes within the human population is also being exacerbated by the increased uptake of ART. It is arguable that all of these elements are colluding to drive our species into an infertility trap. If we are to avoid the latter, it will be important to recognize the factors contributing to this phenomenon and adopt the social, political, environmental and lifestyle changes needed to bring this situation under control.
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34

Joffe, M. "What has happened to human fertility?" Human Reproduction 25, no. 2 (November 19, 2009): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dep390.

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35

Sallm??n, Markku, Clarice R. Weinberg, Donna Day Baird, Marja-Liisa Lindbohm, and Allen J. Wilcox. "Has Human Fertility Declined Over Time?" Epidemiology 16, no. 4 (July 2005): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000165391.65690.e1.

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36

Gloria‐Bottini, Fulvia, Nazzareno Lucarini, Antonio Scalamandré, Paola Borgiani, Ada Amante, and Egidio Bottini. "Phosphoglucomutase genetic polymorphism and human fertility." Biodemography and Social Biology 39, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19485565.1992.9988820.

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37

Vogl, Tom S. "Differential Fertility, Human Capital, and Development." Review of Economic Studies 83, no. 1 (July 20, 2015): 365–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdv026.

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38

Lewis, Sheena E., and Mauro Maccarrone. "Endocannabinoids, sperm biology and human fertility☆." Pharmacological Research 60, no. 2 (August 2009): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2009.02.009.

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39

Rosenzweig, Mark R., and T. Paul Schultz. "Fertility and investments in human capital." Journal of Econometrics 36, no. 1-2 (September 1987): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(87)90048-0.

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40

Slama, Rémy, Béatrice Ducot, Niels Keiding, and Jean Bouyer. "Studying Human Fertility and Environmental Exposures." Environmental Health Perspectives 112, no. 11 (August 1, 2004): a604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.112-a604a.

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41

MacDonald, Kevin. "An evolutionary perspective on human fertility." Population and Environment 21, no. 2 (November 1999): 223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02436115.

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42

Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Xavier Basagaña, Payam Dadvand, David Martinez, Marta Cirach, Rob Beelen, and Bénédicte Jacquemin. "Air pollution and human fertility rates." Environment International 70 (September 2014): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.005.

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43

Becker, Gary S., Kevin M. Murphy, and Robert Tamura. "Human Capital, Fertility, and Economic Growth." Journal of Political Economy 98, no. 5, Part 2 (October 1990): S12—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/261723.

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44

Weinberg, Clarice R., and David B. Dunson. "Some Issues in Assessing Human Fertility." Journal of the American Statistical Association 95, no. 449 (March 2000): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2000.10473928.

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45

Blackburn, McKinley L., David E. Bloom, and David Neumark. "Fertility timing, wages, and human capital." Journal of Population Economics 6, no. 1 (February 1993): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00164336.

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46

Kulkarni, Sharda, and Kaustubh Kulkarni. "Global warming: impact on human fertility." Amrita Journal of Medicine 19, no. 2 (2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/amjm.amjm_24_23.

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47

Tesarik, Jan, and Raquel Mendoza-Tesarik. "Mitochondria in Human Fertility and Infertility." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10 (May 18, 2023): 8950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108950.

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In human spermatozoa and oocytes (and their surrounding granulosa cells), mitochondria carry out important functions relating to human fertility and infertility. Sperm mitochondria are not transmitted to the future embryo, but are closely related to the generation of energy needed for sperm movement, capacitation, and acrosome reactions, as well as for sperm–oocyte fusion. On the other hand, oocyte mitochondria produce energy required for oocyte meiotic division and their abnormalities can thus cause oocyte and embryo aneuploidy. In addition, they play a role in oocyte calcium metabolism and in essential epigenetic events during the oocyte-to-embryo transition. They are transmitted to the future embryos and may thus cause hereditary diseases in the offspring. Due to the long life span of the female germ cells, the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA abnormalities often causes ovarian aging. Mitochondrial substitution therapy is the only way of dealing with these issues nowadays. New therapies based on mitochondrial DNA editing are under investigation.
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48

Massei, Giovanna, and Dave Cowan. "Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review." Wildlife Research 41, no. 1 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13141.

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As human populations grow, conflicts with wildlife increase. Concurrently, concerns about the welfare, safety and environmental impacts of conventional lethal methods of wildlife management restrict the options available for conflict mitigation. In parallel, there is increasing interest in using fertility control to manage wildlife. The present review aimed at analysing trends in research on fertility control for wildlife, illustrating developments in fertility-control technologies and delivery methods of fertility-control agents, summarising the conclusions of empirical and theoretical studies of fertility control applied at the population level and offering criteria to guide decisions regarding the suitability of fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts. The review highlighted a growing interest in fertility control for wildlife, underpinned by increasing numbers of scientific studies. Most current practical applications of fertility control for wild mammals use injectable single-dose immunocontraceptive vaccines mainly aimed at sterilising females, although many of these vaccines are not yet commercially available. One oral avian contraceptive, nicarbazin, is commercially available in some countries. Potential new methods of remote contraceptive delivery include bacterial ghosts, virus-like particles and genetically modified transmissible and non-transmissible organisms, although none of these have yet progressed to field testing. In parallel, new species-specific delivery systems have been developed. The results of population-level studies of fertility control indicated that this approach may increase survival and affect social and spatial behaviour of treated animals, although the effects are species- and context-specific. The present studies suggested that a substantial initial effort is generally required to reduce population growth if fertility control is the sole wildlife management method. However, several empirical and field studies have demonstrated that fertility control, particularly of isolated populations, can be successfully used to limit population growth and reduce human–wildlife conflicts. In parallel, there is growing recognition of the possible synergy between fertility control and disease vaccination to optimise the maintenance of herd immunity in the management of wildlife diseases. The review provides a decision tree that can be used to determine whether fertility control should be employed to resolve specific human–wildlife conflicts. These criteria encompass public consultation, considerations about animal welfare and feasibility, evaluation of population responses, costs and sustainability.
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49

Sear, Rebecca, David W. Lawson, Hillard Kaplan, and Mary K. Shenk. "Understanding variation in human fertility: what can we learn from evolutionary demography?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1692 (April 19, 2016): 20150144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0144.

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Decades of research on human fertility has presented a clear picture of how fertility varies, including its dramatic decline over the last two centuries in most parts of the world. Why fertility varies, both between and within populations, is not nearly so well understood. Fertility is a complex phenomenon, partly physiologically and partly behaviourally determined, thus an interdisciplinary approach is required to understand it. Evolutionary demographers have focused on human fertility since the 1980s. The first wave of evolutionary demographic research made major theoretical and empirical advances, investigating variation in fertility primarily in terms of fitness maximization. Research focused particularly on variation within high-fertility populations and small-scale subsistence societies and also yielded a number of hypotheses for why fitness maximization seems to break down as fertility declines during the demographic transition. A second wave of evolutionary demography research on fertility is now underway, paying much more attention to the cultural and psychological mechanisms underpinning fertility. It is also engaging with the complex, multi-causal nature of fertility variation, and with understanding fertility in complex modern and transitioning societies. Here, we summarize the history of evolutionary demographic work on human fertility, describe the current state of the field, and suggest future directions.
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50

Tomes, Nigel. "Human capital and the time-profile of human fertility." Economics Letters 17, no. 1-2 (January 1985): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(85)90154-5.

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