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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human fertility'
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1
Stovell, Alex Gordon. "Trace elements and human fertility." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301350.
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2
Boadu, Kwame Annor. "War and fertility." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22516.pdf.
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3
Fogarty, Debra Anne. "Determinants of fertility in Tanzania /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7434.
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4
Kwan, Pui-ling Alice. "A comparative study of fertility decline in Hong Kong and Singapore." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13458899.
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5
Shi, Anqing. "The process of fertility transition in China fertility differentials in Shanghai, 1950-1985 /." access full-text, 1992. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/umi-r.pl?9222160.pdf.
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6
Kadkhodaie, Eliyadrani Massoud. "Essays on endogenous fertility and growth /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7511.
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7
Ginting, Djoto. "Fertility differentials in North Sumatra." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117100.
Full textAbstract:
This study is an attempt to examine the fertility differentials
of ever married women of childbearing age in North Sumatra. The
differentials are examined according to socio-economic background of
the respondents, based on various criteria such as place of residence,
educational attainment, work status, religion, ethnicity, marital status,
age at first marriage and use of family planning. The main findings are
that fertility is lower for urban women, working women and Christian women.
The main reasons for these differences appear to be the higher education
levels and later ages at marriage for such women. Regionally, fertility
was highest in the Moslem areas of Langkat and South Tapanuli and
lowest in Karo, where Christianity is predominant.
Overall, however, the fertility level in this province is still
high. The high fertility level is a result of a high proportion of fecund
married women, a low divorce rate, high value of children and strong
partilineal system (which encourages couples to continue having children
until they get sons). Recently the expansion of education, rising age at
marriage and the practice of family planning have contributed in a
significant way to a lowering of fertility. Within the data limitations,
this study contributes to an understanding of the demography of North
Sumatra Province, which has not been adeauately studied. Some important
areas for future research are also suggested by this study, such as
ethnic fertility differentials.
8
Li, Li. "Deviant fertility in China." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-165616/.
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9
Ho, Wing-huen. "A statistical study of the fertility and mortality situation in Hong Kong during the 1970's and 80's." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975859.
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10
Kim, Jungho. "Essays on women's education and pace of childbearing in developing countries /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174626.
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11
Ahamed, M. Mohi Uddin. "Fertility differentials in Bangladesh." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845930.
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This study of Fertility Differentials in Bangladesh is based on a subset of data obtained from the 1983 Bangladesh Contraceptive Prevalence Survey. The focus of the study is to identify the variables that significantly affect the cumulative fertility of women in Bangladesh and to examine differentials in fertility.Path analysis has been used for analyzing the data of this thesis. Differentials in fertility are examined in terms of selected demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the ever married women and their husbands.The study shows that age of women has the highest effect on number of children ever born. Religion has positive and significant direct effects on fertility. Education of women has significant negative effects on fertility. Employment status of women effect fertility negatively in rural Bangladesh. The results of this study also suggest that high fertlity in Bangladesh will persist if immediate action is not taken to halt it.Department of Mathematical Sciences
12
Joseph, Mbamanya. "Regional fertility variations in Kenya." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117125.
Full textAbstract:
This study is based on the Kenya Fertility Survey of 1977/78 which
was carried out as part of the World Fertility Survey by the Kenyan
Central Bureau of Statistics. The study had four primary objectives.
First, to examine regional fertility variations in the mean number of
children ever born in Kenya by five broad regions; namely Nairobi,
Central/Rift valley, Coast, Nyanza/'Western and Eastern according to
selected intermediate and socio-economic variables. Secondly, to
examine whether fertility in Kenya would be lower in regions that are
not mainly agricultural, which include, Nairobi and the Coast. Thirdly,
to test the validity of any existing differentials, and to explore the
factors generating such differences and the mechanisms through which
these factors operate. And fourthly, to investigate the main factors
that have been outlined in previous studies to be responsible for the
relatively low fertility in the Coast.
Fertility differentials were examined in terms of selected
proximate and socio-economic factors of ever married women in five
broad regions. The study also has built up "Multiple Classification
Analysis (MCA)" models for the national sample and separately for the
different broad regions.
The descriptive analysis revealed that regional fertility
variations in Kenya are limited. However, the Coast has relatively
lower fertility compared to other regions. Mean number of children ever
born is higher in Central/Rift Valley and Nyanza/Western regions. The
MCA showed that age at first marriage is the most important factor
affecting fertility in Kenya.
13
Lamb, Ian Charles. "Factors affecting fertility in the lactating domestic rabbit." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU362774.
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Lactational anoestrus and anovulation place limitations on the economic and biological efficiency of the three main domestic farm species ie cow, pig and sheep by reducing reproductive efficiency. The factors of Remating Interval, Nutrition and Suckling have been shown to influence fertility during lactation in these species. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of these factors on fertility and identify the mechanisms by which they act, using the lactating domestic rabbit as an experimental model and so provide information which may help overcome the obstacles preventing concurrent pregnancy and lactation in the domestic farm species. Experiment 1 provided data on the fertility of primiparous crossbred lactating does in the immediate postpartum period. This information was used to decide on which day postpartum does should be remated in subsequent experiments. Sixty-four does each suckling 6 pups were mated on day 1 (N = 17), 2 (N = 17), 3 (N = 15) or 4 (N = 15) postpartum (where day 0 = the day of parturition) and killed on day 10 postcoitum (where day 0 = the day of mating) to assess fertility. Overall fertility levels were high during this period. There were no significant differences between does remated on day 1- 4 postpartum in their mating response (percentage of those does tested for mating, which mated) and, overall this was 97%, ovulation response (percentage of those does mating, which ovulated), overall 77%, implantation response (proportion of those does ovulating, which implanted ova), overall 83%, implantation rate, overall 8.7 or pre-implantation mortality (%), overall 24%. Ovulation rate was significantly increased in does mated on day 3 (13.3) and 4 (13.1) compared with those on day 1 (10.2) (P 0.05) and 2 (9.6) (P 0.01) postpartum. From these results day 1 postpartum remating was found to result in the highest level of absolute fertility (ie by multiplication of the estimated pregnancy rates (the percentage of does implanting ova of those mated) of' 82%, 60%, 60% and 53% with the implantation rate 7.9, 8.1, 9.4 and 9.6 of does mated on day 1 (N = 17) , 2 (N = 15), 3 (N = 15) and 4 (N = 15) postpartum respectively, giving a total of 111, 73, 85 and 77 pups on day 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively) during this period postpartum and was therefore used in future experiments concerning the remating interval. In Experiment 2, the effects of the remating interval and nutrition on the fertility of lactating crossbred does was examined. Eighty-six does each suckling six pups were remated on either day 1 or 14 postpartum and offered diets with digestible energy (D.E.) contents of 8.5 or 15.4 M.J./ kg D.M. and digestible crude protein contents (D.C.P.) of 129 or 227 g/kg D.M. and which were otherwise nutritionally adequate for lactating does. The experiment was carried out over three consecutive lactations and does were killed at selected times in each lactation to assess fertility and body composition. Diet had no effect on any aspect of fertility, while in contrast the remating interval was shown to have a significant effect. Does remated on day 1 had a significantly greater ovulation response in the first (82% vs 63%, P 0.10) and second (100% vs 77%, P 0.05) lactation compared with those mated on day 14 postpartum. Pregnancy rate was also significantly greater in does remated on day 1 in the first (76% vs 51%, P 0.05) and the second (100% vs 67%, P 0.01) lactation compared with those mated on day 14 postpartum. There were no differences in pre or post-implantation mortality between does remated on day 1 and 14 postpartum and therefore pregnancy rate was determined by the initial ovulation response. Litter size at term was found to be related to the initial ovulation rate and both were greater in does remated on day 14 compared to day 1 postpartum. This reached significance for litter size at term in the first lactation (7.8: day 1 vs 10.1: day 14, P 0.01) and ovulation rate in the second lactation, which was 12.4 for does remated on day 1 and 17.8 for those remated on day 14 postpartum (P 0.01). There was no significant difference in the body composition of pregnant does on the various treatment combinations over the course of the experiment or in lactation performance between does which were pregnant and those which were not. Experiment 3 was undertaken to confirm the effects of the remating interval on fertility observed in does on Experiment 2 and also to record measures of doe lactation performance to assess if they could be related with the effects of this factor.
14
Kwan, Pui-ling Alice, and 關佩玲. "A comparative study of fertility decline in Hong Kong and Singapore." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950310.
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15
Corral, Vázquez Celia. "Human sperm transcriptome: characterization, biological relevance, and biomarker functionality." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669365.
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Se ha demostrado que la contribución del espermatozoide al embrión va más allá de la transmisión del genoma paterno. Diversos estudios han mostrado que el espermatozoide humano contiene una compleja población de RNAs implicados en funciones relacionadas con la fertilidad. Por tanto, la visión de estas moléculas como meros restos de eventos previos ha quedado atrás. Este nuevo paradigma abre las puertas a nuevas aplicaciones del RNA en el ámbito de los biomarcadores de fertilidad. Sin embargo, los análisis transcriptómicos en espermatozoides presentan diversas limitaciones debidas a la heterogeneidad y delicada naturaleza de estas moléculas, además de la poca cantidad de RNA contenida en dichas células.
En este contexto, el objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral es caracterizar el transcriptoma del espermatozoide humano y establecer las bases para desarrollar nuevos biomarcadores de fertilidad masculina. Dentro de este objetivo, se plantearon las siguientes metas: 1) optimizar metodologías específicas para analizar el RNA espermático mediante qRT-PCR y RNA-seq; 2) proporcionar un perfil integrado y una caracterización funcional de los mRNAs y lncRNAs espermáticos mediante RNA-seq; y 3) establecer nuevos biomarcadores de fertilidad a partir de la carga transcriptómica del espermatozoide.
Con este propósito, se adaptaron tanto el protocolo experimental como el análisis de datos a las limitaciones propias del RNA espermático y a la tecnología transcriptómica usada. Por tanto, se implementaron métodos de eliminación de células no espermáticas de las muestras seminales, así como controles de calidad para asegurar la ausencia de DNA y RNA no espermático. Además, se usó un método basado en solventes orgánicos para los estudios qRT-PCR, y kits de solventes no orgánicos para RNA-seq.
Los datos obtenidos se normalizaron usando métodos específicos de la técnica empleada. En concreto, para la normalización de los datos de expresión de miRNAs espermáticos en estudios singleplex qRT-PCR era necesario establecer miRNAs normalizadores. Esto se consiguió comparando los resultados derivados de unos datos que se normalizaron mediante: i) el método Mean-Centering Restricted (MCR); y ii) el nivel de expresión de diferentes miRNAs. Los miRNAs hsa-miR-100-5p y hsa-miR-30a-5p mostraron una expresión estable y ubicua, y su uso derivó en resultados con una calidad semejante a los conseguidos mediante la normalización por MCR. Por tanto, se sugirió esta combinación de miRNAs como la mejor opción para la normalización de futuros estudios singleplex qRT-PCR de miRNAs espermáticos.
Por otro lado, se empleó RNA-seq, para caracterizar el transcriptoma espermático de individuos fértiles. Los resultados revelaron una red de mRNAs y lncRNAs en alto estado de fragmentación, pero que contenían un grupo de transcritos ubicuos. Los análisis de Ontología Génica de todos los mRNAs expresados mostraron una implicación en procesos de espermatogénesis y reproducción, la cual era más significativa en los análisis de los mRNAs altamente expresados, ubicuos y altamente estables. Aparte, los potenciales genes dianas en cis de los lncRNAs mostraron relación con procesos de desarrollo embrionario y adhesión celular, la cual prevalecía en los genes dianas que no estaban expresados en espermatozoides.
Finalmente, el hecho de hallar transcritos ubicuos y de expresión correlacionada indicó un posible uso de estas moléculas como biomarcadores de fertilidad. Por tanto, se evaluó y se validó la presencia de pares de miRNAs espermáticos con una expresión correlacionada en individuos fértiles y no correlacionada en pacientes infértiles de diferentes etiologías (astenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, oligozoospermia e infertilidad inexplicable [UMI]). El par hsa-miR-942-5p/hsa-miR-1208 permitió clasificar correctamente el 85.71% de los casos de infertilidad, alcanzando el mayor potencial de diagnóstico de pacientes con alteraciones seminales. El par hsa-miR-34b-3p/hsa-miR-93-3p destacó por su potencial para discernir pacientes UMI. Aparte, varios pares de mRNAs y lncRNAs también mostraron expresiones correlacionadas en individuos fértiles, constituyendo unos candidatos potenciales para futuros estudios.The biological relevance of sperm contribution to the embryo has been shown to go beyond a mere transmission of the paternal genome. Several findings revealed that human spermatozoa carry a complex population of coding and non-coding RNAs with potential implications in multiple fertility-related pathways. Accordingly, the consideration of these molecules as simple residual pools of earlier processes has been left behind. This new paradigm also opens the possibility for potential applications in the field of male fertility biomarkers. However, sperm transcriptomic analysis has several limitations due to the heterogeneity and delicate nature of these molecules, besides the small amount of RNA contained in spermatozoa. In this context, the objective of this Doctoral Thesis is to characterize the human sperm transcriptome to set up the basis for developing new biomarkers of male fertility. Within this goal, the following aims were undertaken: 1) To optimize specific methodologies of sperm RNA analysis using qRT-PCR and RNA-seq strategies; 2) To provide an integrative profiling and functional characterization of sperm mRNAs and lncRNAs by RNA-seq technologies; and 3) To establish new fertility biomarkers among the transcriptomic cargo of the human spermatozoa. For this purpose, the experimental protocols and data analysis were adapted to the inherent limitations of sperm RNA and to the used transcriptomic technology. Therefore, methods for the elimination of non-sperm cells from semen samples were implemented, together with strict quality controls for ensuring the absence of DNA and non-sperm RNA. Besides, an organic solvent-based method was used for qRT-PCR studies, and non-organic solvent kits were employed for RNA-seq. The obtained data were normalized by specific methods depending on the used technique. In particular, the normalization of sperm miRNA qRT-PCR singleplex studies required the determination of a suitable set of normalizing miRNAs molecules. This was achieved by comparing the results derived from a sperm miRNA expression dataset normalized by: i) the reference Mean Centering Restricted (MCR) method; and ii) the expression level of different miRNAs. The miRNAs hsa-miR-100-5p and hsa-miR-30a-5p showed ubiquitous and stable expressions, and data normalized by their mean expression led to results with an appropriate quality when compared to MCR. Therefore, this miRNA combination was suggested as the most suitable choice for data normalization in further sperm singleplex studies. RNA-seq analysis was used to characterize the sperm transcriptome cargo of fertile individuals. Results revealed a complex network of mRNAs and lncRNAs with a high fragmentation status, but containing a host of ubiquitous transcripts. Gene ontology analyses of the whole set of expressed mRNAs showed an enrichment of spermatogenesis and reproduction processes, which was more significant in the sets of highly expressed, ubiquitous, and highly stable mRNAs. Additionally, the functional profiling of potential cis-target genes of the observed lncRNAs showed a significant involvement in embryo development and cell adhesion. This implication became more evident in those cis-target genes that were not present among the sperm mRNA cargo. Finally, the detection of ubiquitous transcripts and pairs of RNAs with correlated expressions suggested a potential use of these molecules as fertility biomarkers. Accordingly, the presence of sperm miRNA pairs with a correlated expression in fertile individuals that was disrupted in infertile patients of different ethiologies (asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, oligozoospermia, and Unexplained Male Infertility or UMI) was evaluated and validated by qRT-PCR. The hsa-miR-942-5p/hsa-miR-1208 pair allowed correctly classifying the 85.71% of infertile individuals, thus achieving the highest potential for discerning infertility cases with seminal alterations. Additionally, the pair hsa-miR-34b-3p/hsa-miR-93-3p was highlighted due to its high potential for discerning UMI patients. Besides, several pairs of ubiquitous lncRNAs and mRNAs were also observed to display a correlated expression in fertile individuals, becoming potential candidates for further biomarker studies.
16
Xie, Shuying. "A study on fertility transition in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557182.
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Hossain, Syeda Zakia. "Education, proximate determinants and fertility levels in Bangladesh." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116917.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the effect of education, particularly the individual and the regional level
of education, on fertility in Bangladesh, based on a subset of data from the Bangladesh Fertility
Survey (BFS) and the Household Survey conducted during 1975-76. The study examines effect of
education on the proximate determinants of
fertility, namely marriage, postpartum non-susceptibility to conception and contraception and their
combined effect on overall fertility levels in education subgroups and areas. Bangladesh has been
grouped into High, Moderate, Low and Lowest Education Areas based on the proportion of women with
No Schooling.
This study has been divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the aims, scope and importance
of the study, the· source of data, and background information on the study population. Chapter 2
reviews the
relevant literature, while Chapters 3 and 4 analyse the effect of individual and regional levels of
education respectively. The Bongaarts
model is used to quantify the contribution of proximate determinants of fertility and to determine
the effect of education at both these levels .
As shown in Chapter 3, a small amount of education tends to increase fertility at the individual
level. However, those with higher education have the lowest fertility. At the regional level the
effect of
education is different, with overall fertility of the area falling as the proportion of educated
women in the area increases. Some effect of the community level of education is evident for
uneducated women living in a High Education Area.
The contribution of the duration of postpartum non-susceptibility is stronger for less educated
women and in areas where the overall level of education is lower, while marriage patterns and
contraceptive use
have important effects when education is high at both the individual and regional levels. Thus, an
understanding of the effect of education on fertility at both the individual and regional level is
important when population policies to reduce fertility levels are formulated.
18
Amoo-Appau, Kwaku. "Fertility differentials and determinants in Ghana : 1979/80." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117132.
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The study was based on the Ghana Fertility Survey (GFS) 1979/80
dataset. The main objective of the study was to study fertility
differentials and determinants at the national level as well as for
three broad regional groups, with the emphasis on the regional analysis.
The then nine administrative regions of Ghana were re-grouped into three
broad regional groups as Regions 1, 2 and 3 on the basis of cultural
similarity and geographical contiguity.
In the analysis of fertility differentials, it was found that
variables that seem to have a noticeable effect on fertility in Ghana
included age at first marriage, place of work and to some extent, at
least, in some of the regional groups, education and partner's
occupation. Religion, ethnic group, husband's place of abode, number of
times married and partner's education were found not to have important
effect on fertility, when controlled for age and place of residence. In
the analysis of fertility determinants, it was found that age at first
marriage was the most important determinant of fertility in all the
three regional groups. Education, however, was not found to be a major
determinant of fertility in any of the three regional groups, especially
in Region 1 where its effect was the weakest. Finally, it was observed
that differences in fertility among the three regional groups were not
significant.
19
Guo, Shenyang. "Shanghai pioneer of fertility decline in People's Republic of China : trends and determinants of fertility transition, 1950-1984 /." online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 1990. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9023557.
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Suhaimi, Uzair. "Fertility decline in West Java : analysis and interpretation." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117072.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study is to analyse and interpret
fertility decline in West Java. While empirical data
derived from various surveys and censuses are used for
the analysis, the available literature supplements
information for the interpretation. It is argued that the
geographic setting and sociocultural environment of West
Java explain the relatively high level of fertility for
the province.
Consistent fertility decline and significant
socioeconomic differentials in fertility have been found
for West Java. Yet, fertility levels of the province have
always been the highest among those of the provinces of
Java and Bali. The study suggests that changes and
differences in a number of intermediate variables (such
as age at marriage and contraceptive practice) have been
largely responsible for the observed phenomena.
Examination of the major components of the crude
birth rate (CBR) indicates that age structure and the
proportion of the population in childbearing ages have
hindered the CBR decline. In contrast, marital status and
marital fertility have been strongly conducive to the
decline.
The study also suggests that fertility decline in
West Java has occurred in the presence of significant
improvement in socioeconomic development.
21
Kinfu, Ashagrea Yohannes. "The quite revolution : an analysis of the change toward below-replacement-level fertility in Addis Ababa." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011218.163822/index.html.
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Arifiyatno, Yohandarwati. "Correlates of the proximate determinants of child survival in rural areas of Yogyakarta and Nusa Tenggara Barat Indonesia." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117060.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the relationship between socioeconomic
variables and four proximate determinants of
child survival in rural areas of the Special Region of
Yogyakarta and the Province of Nusa Tenggara Barat,
Indonesia. The data used are from the 1982 Modular Survey
conducted by the National Family Planning Coordinating
Board.
These two provinces represent the extremes of infant
mortality in Indonesia with Yogyakarta having the lowest
rate (62) and NTB the highest (187), according to
estimates from the 1980 census. This study found that
socio-economic conditions were better in Yogyakarta, and
measures of the proximate determinants indicated that
environmental conditions and personal illness control
factors were also better in Yogyakarta than in NTB. This
may partly be responsible for the lower infant mortality
in Yogyakarta.
One out of the four proximate determinants
personal illness control - was found to be moderately
well predicted by the socio-economic variables. The
environmental conditions index was found to be less well
predicted, whereas the other two proximate determinants -
maternal factors and nutritional condition - were only
marginally related to the socio-economic variables. Of the five socio-economic variables used in the
analysis, three appeared to be positively related to the
measure of personal illness control: mother’s education,
father's education, and father’s occupation. These three
predictor variables were also found to be better in
Yogyakarta than in NTB.
23
Brook, Philip Francis. "The role of pH in human sperm function." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264446.
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Choi, Man-ki. "A study of fertility and mortality patterns in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36836564.
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Botha, Matthys Hendrik. "Endocrine function and fertility preservation in women surviving cancer : a study on cancer treatment and fertility." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5145.
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Thesis (DMed (Obstetrics and Gynaecology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Chapter 1 is a literature review investigating the incidence of cancer in children and young adults. It describes the most important treatment options including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery and the effect of treatment on future endocrine development and fertility. Different primary cancer sites are discussed in more detail. Chapter 2 is a literature review on the effects of cancer surgery in women and the options for fertility sparing. Cervical cancer and pre-cancer are discussed in detail with options for more conservative surgery in selected patients. A summary of the available published cases of trachelectomy with pregnancy outcomes is included. Other gynaecological cancers requiring surgery are also discussed with reference to conservative options. Chapter 3 is a literature review about the medical (pharmacological) options for protection of ovarian function in patients undergoing oncotherapy. The role of gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogues and hormonal contraceptives in ovarian suppression is discussed in detail. Chapter 4 This chapter examines germ cell physiology with reference to cryopreservation. It includes two major parts. Part 1 is the description of germ cell- and follicle physiology, the principles of cryobiology followed by a review of oocyte cryopreservation and ovarian tissue preservation. Both slow freezing and vitrification techniques are described. The second part of chapter 4 is a report on a randomised controlled evaluation of two different slow freezing cryopreservation protocols. This experimental study compared ultrastructural changes in fresh and previously cryopreserved ovarian cortical tissue after equilibration and thawing using two different cryoprotectants. This is the first randomised investigation into DMSO and PROH as cryoprotectants. Chapter 5 is an investigation into cryopreservation of ovarian tissue as a strategy to protect hormonal function and fertility against gonadotoxic treatment. This chapter consists of two parts. The first part is a thorough literature review of all the published work about grafting of previously cryopreserved ovarian tissue. The largest case series found from a single institution was five patients. Another report of six patients included patients from various sites in Denmark. Part 2 is a description of a cohort of patients followed up after re-implantation of previously cryopreserved ovarian cortical tissue. Follow-up hormone levels of 13 individual cases are described in detail. This is the largest case series ever reported. The experimental study described in Chapter 4 and the clinical study described in Chapter 5 was approved by the ethical research committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, project number N05/10/182. Chapter 6 provides an integrated overview of the incidence and treatment of cancer in young women and how its negative effects may be prevented or mitigated. Aspects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are evaluated where it may affect future reproductive health. The role of oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation is discussed. Guidelines are provided for clinicians.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hoofstuk 1 Hierdie is ‘n literatuuroorsig wat die insidensie van kanker in kinders en jong volwassenes ondersoek. Dit sluit die mees belangrike behandelingsopsies in, naamlik chemoterapie, radioterapie en chirurgie en die effek wat behandeling mag hê op toekomstige endokriene ontwikkeling en fertiliteit. ‘n Verskeidenheid kanker tipes word in meer detail beskryf. Hoofstuk 2 Hoofstuk 2 is ‘n literatuuroorsig oor die effekte van kankerchirurgie in vroue en die geleenthede tot beskerming van fertiliteit. Servikale kanker en voorlopers van servikale kanker word bespreek en die opsies vir konserwatiewe chirurgie in uitgesoekte pasiënte word gegee. ‘n Opsomming van die inligting wat beskikbaar is oor tragelektomie en swangerskap uitkomste word ingesluit. Ander ginekologiese kankers wat chirurgie mag benodig, word ook bespreek met verwysing na konserwatiewe hantering. Hoofstuk 3 ‘n Literatuuroorsig oor die mediese (farmakologiese) opsies vir die beskerming van ovariële funksie in pasiënte wat behandeling ontvang vir kanker. Die rol van gonadotropien-vrystellingshormoon-analoë en hormonale kontrasepsie vir ovariële onderdrukking word in detail bespreek. Hoofstuk 4 Hierdie hoofstuk ondersoek kiemselfisiologie met verwysing na vriesbewaring. Dit is verdeel in twee dele. Deel 1 is ‘n beskrywing van kiemsel- en follikelfisiologie en die beginsels van vriesbiologie. Dit word gevolg deur ‘n oorsig van oösiet vriesbewaring en ovariële weefselbewaring. Stadige bevriesing en vitrifikasie- metodes word bespreek. Die tweede deel van hoofstuk 4 is ‘n verslag oor ‘n gerandomiseerde, gekontroleerde evaluasie van twee stadige bevriesingsmetodes. Hierdie eksperimentele studie het die ultrastrukturele veranderinge vergelyk in vars en voorheen bevrore ovariële kortikale weefsel na ekwilibrasie en ontdooiing met twee verskillende vriesbeskermers. Dit is die eerste gerandomiseerde studie oor DMSO en PROH as vriesbeskermers. Hoofstuk 5 Hierdie hoofstuk handel oor ‘n ondersoek na vriesbewaring van ovariële weefsel as ‘n benadering tot beskerming van hormonale funksie en fertiliteit teen gonadotoksiese behandeling. Die hoofstuk bestaan uit twee dele. Die eerste deel is ‘n deeglike oorsig van die literatuur oor al die beskikbare werk wat handel oor terugplasing van voorheen bevrore ovariële weefsel. Die grootste pasiëntreeks van ‘n enkel instelling was slegs vyf pasiënte. ‘n Ander beskrywing van ses pasiënte het pasiënte van verskeie eenhede in Denemarke ingesluit. Deel 2 is ‘n beskrywing van ‘n groep pasiënte wat opgevolg is na oorplanting van voorheen bevrore ovariële kortikale weefsel. Opvolg hormoonvlakke van 13 gevalle word in detail bespreek. Hierdie is die grootste pasiëntreeks wat tot nog toe beskryf is. Die eksperimentele studie wat in hoofstuk 4 beskryf word en die kliniese studie wat in hoofstuk 5 beskryf word, is goedgekeur deur die etiese navorsingskomitee van die Fakulteit Gesondheidswetenskappe van die Universiteit Stellenbosch met die projeknommer N05/10/182 Hoofstuk 6 Hierdie is ‘n geïntegreerde oorsig van die voorkoms en behandeling van kanker in jong vroue en hoe die negatiewe effekte daarvan voorkom of verminder kan word. Aspekte van chemoterapie, radioterapie en chirurgie word geëvalueer ten opsigte van die effek op toekomstige reproduktiewe gesondheid. Die rol van oösiet- en ovariële weefselvriesbewaring word bespreek. Riglyne vir klinici word gegee.
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Franklyn, Nirupama. "India's efforts to increase attended birth rates in urban areas : a bridge too far?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193759.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid urbanization of India in recent years has increased the wealth of the country and along with it, raised the urban slum population. Slum dwellers typically live below the poverty line and have no or minimal access to clean water, sanitation, education and public health. The urban unattended birth rate is attributable mainly to women in slums in big Indian cities who face many hurdles in accessing public healthcare facilities. To deal with this issue, the government of India initiated the “National Urban Health Mission” (NUHM) in 2013, which focused on the reduction of maternal and infant mortality rate. This program was preceded by the “National Rural Health Mission” (NRHM) in 2005, which was implemented to rural areas of India with similar ideals, and managed to lower maternal and infant mortality rates.
This paper is a critical appraisal of the NUHM scheme by analyzing the achievements, loop holes and setbacks of the previously introduced NRHM upon which the NUHM is based. While the NRHM achieved improvement in attended birth rates, it did not consider various factors that play a key role in the care seeking behavior of women such as maternal education level, social factors and norms. The NUHM also excludes these factors from the scope of the program. The aim of this paper is to analyze the results of the NRHM in assessing whether the NUHM can meet its goals and expectations.
Method: Information was extracted mainly from government of India sources such as District Level Health Surveys 2 and 3 (DLHS-2 and DLHS-3), National Family Health Survey- 3 (NFHS-3) and the Census of India, 2011 until July 2013. Articles were searched from PubMed, Google and Google scholar using the key words unattended birth, skilled birth, India, urban, slum.
Conclusion of Abstract: A unified approach involving the ministry of health, ministry of education and communication and media is needed to deal effectively in implementing the NUHM and sustaining the NRHM.published_or_final_version
Community Medicine
Master
Master of Public Health
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Lee, Chung-nin, and 李松年. "Fertility rate trends in Hong Kong between 1981-1997." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970679.
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Lee, Chung-nin. "Fertility rate trends in Hong Kong between 1981-1997." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25205882.
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Myint, Nyan. "Levels and trends of fertility and mortality in Burma." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116919.
Full textAbstract:
In Burma, levels of fertility and mortality are usually estimated directly using the data from the
incomplete vital registration. These estimates, of course, are under-estimates and fertility and
mortality are the areas for further research in Burma. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to
estimate the levels and trends of fertility and mortality in Burma.
Although the Governments of Burma have never intervened in the fertility attitude of the people,
the former socialist Government limited access to any modern methods of contraception. However,
this study shows that a fertility decline started in urban areas in the early 1970s. Moreover, the
levels of fertility in Burma have never exceeded those in India and Bangladesh. Historically, Burma
had lower fertility than India as a whole throughout the pre-War period. The higher age at
marriage, the higher status of women, the higher level of female literacy and the main religion in
Burma, Buddhism, which does not discourage the use of any methods of contraception, are the main
causes of lower fertility in Burma.
Recently, various sources, such as the United Nations, ESCAP, the World Bank and the US Bureau of
the Census, have given quite different estimates of mortality, especially the level of infant
mortality for Burma. Therefore, some indirect estimates of infant and child mortality, using the
data on children ever born and children still living from the 1983 Census, are also made in this
study. The estimates of both infant and general mortality derived in this study are much higher
than both the Government's official estimates and the United Nations estimates.
Moreover, this study shows that mortality has declined substantially since the mid-1950s, and the
decline was much more faster in urban areas than in rural areas. However, it has apparently slowed
down in recent years. The levels of mortality were much lower in Burma than in India throughout the
pre-War period, and still lower than in India and Bangladesh but higher than in Thailand.
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Glover, Amy, and n/a. "The effect of dietary phytoestrogens on male fertility." University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070711.140602.
Full textAbstract:
Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds with oestrogenic activity. They are common in both human and animal diets, particularly through soy-based foods. This study assessed whether the reproductive function of male rats is affected by exposure to a high phytoestrogen diet during adulthood and examined possible mechanisms through which phytoestrogens may disrupt reproductive function. Experiments focused on the epididymis, a steroid-regulated organ responsible for the maturation, transport, and storage of sperm.
Adult male rats, bred and raised on a low phytoestrogen diet, were either transferred to a high phytoestrogen diet (experimental), or remained on the low phytoestrogen diet (control). Litter size is a measure of fecundity and after 3 days on the high phytoestrogen diet litter size was reduced. This effect on fecundity was transient as litter sizes returned to control levels by day 12. The reduced fecundity at day 3 could not be explained by changes in sperm concentration. Plasma gonadotrophin levels and testicular testosterone levels were not affected by phytoestrogen exposure, however, the expression of steroid hormone receptors in the epididymis was affected, coincidental with reduced fecundity. The gene expression of oestrogen receptor alpha and androgen receptor was increased in the initial segment of the epididymis and decreased in the cauda epididymis. Additionally, lipid peroxidation of epididymal sperm was significantly increased in rats fed the high phytoestrogen diet for 3 days.
It is concluded that acute exposure to the high phytoestrogen diet disrupts the steroid regulation of the epididymis, disrupting its normal function. This results in decreased sperm quality, thereby reducing fecundity.
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Manners, Carole V. "Endometrial proteins and uterine receptivity during human and mouse embryo implantation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386172.
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Clarke, Damian. "Essays on fertility and family size." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:94016283-a3dd-4b6a-8427-373b49a491be.
Full textAbstract:
In these papers I discuss the causal estimation of the effects of fertility and fertility planning developments on mother and child outcomes. A number of concerns are raised with existing identification techniques, and alternative methodologies to consistently estimate the effect of interest are proposed. These concerns and new techniques are illustrated using microdata on slightly more than 43,000,000 births ocurring between 1972 and 2013. In the first substantive chapter (written with Sonia Bhalotra), we discuss the validity of the use of twin births in fertility research. We demonstrate that twin births are not random. Successfully taking twins to term depends upon positive maternal health behaviours and investments in the periods preceding birth. We show that this is of considerable concern for estimation techniques which rely on twin births being (conditionally) randomly assigned to identify causal effects. To illustrate, we consider the estimation of the child quantity-quality (QQ) trade-off, and show that existing instrumental variable estimates are inconsistent in the contexts examined. Upon partially correcting for the fact that twin births are not random, a statistically significant QQ trade-off begins to emerge. We close by examining a number of partial identification techniques to bound the true effect of fertility on child outcomes. In the second substantive chapter, I examine the effect of fertility control policies on the fertility decisions and outcomes of women. I consider the case of the emergency contraceptive pill in Chile. The staggered arrival of this technology to Chile over the last decade has resulted in the availability of the first safe and legal post-coital birth control policies. In a context of high teenage pregnancy rates, difference-in-difference (DD) style estimates suggest that this policy has accounted for reductions in short-term teen childbearing by as much as 7%, an effect similar to the arrival of abortion in the USA. This policy is also shown to reduce fetal deaths reported in early gestation with no similar reduction in late gestation: suggestive evidence that an alternative fertility control policy may reduce costly and dangerous illegal abortions. Finally, I turn to the use of DD estimators as a policy-analysis tool. I discuss how such estimators perform in the case of reforms which may not be sharply demarcated to treatment and control clusters, but rather subject to local spillovers or externalities. I propose an extension of the typical DD estimator: a spillover-robust DD estimator. This methodology is applied to estimate the effect of two localised fertility control reforms in Mexico and Chile, where women close to treatment clusters who were not themselves subject to the reform may nonetheless travel to access treatment.
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Sarjono, Jono. "Regional development and fertility in Indonesia, 1980-1990." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39992.
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Based on data from the 1990 Indonesian Census and the 1991 Demographic and Health Survey, analyses of fertility, fertility decline, and the use of contraceptive methods in Indonesia are presented. Two levels of analysis are carried out in this thesis: a macro-approach and a micro-approach. The analysis using the macro approach reveals that the family planning program, the status of women's jobs, and infant mortality rates are important determinants of fertility in Indonesia. In addition, the micro analysis shows that there are differences in the average number of children ever-born to couples according to the type of present and childhood residence, educational attainment, religion and occupational status.Controlling for regional population density reversed the direction of the impact of agriculture sector employment on fertility. Overall in Indonesia, individual couples who worked in agriculture sector had higher fertility than those who worked in the non agriculture sector. However, in the densely populated areas of the country such as Java and Bali, those who worked in the agriculture sector had lower fertility than those who worked in the non agriculture sector.
The results of this dissertation support the claim that fertility and fertility decline are very complex phenomena. There is no definitive set of variables that strongly and consistently affect them. The most important finding from these analyses is that the fertility rate is influenced both by individual couple's characteristics as well as the place where they live. Further research on fertility and fertility decline should emphasize both of these characteristics.
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Marquezini, Guilherme H. L. "The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on fertility of beef cows." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041296.
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McKenna, Kenneth A. (Kenneth Allen). "Assessing the Psychological Impact of Fertility Treatment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277704/.
Full textAbstract:
This controlled descriptive study was designed to investigate the psychological status of couples who are engaged in advanced fertility treatments. A battery of psychological test instruments, including the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory (MBHI), the Health Attribution Test (HAT), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS), was used to measure psychological variables that have been shown in the infertility research literature to be associated with the psychological experiences of infertility patients. The scores from the four assessment instruments were compared with those of pregnant couples in childbirth education classes to differentiate the impact of stress associated with fertility treatment from the stress experienced by third trimester pregnant couples. Eighty-five subjects (42 male and 43 female) volunteered for the study and completed packets of questionnaires. The groups were designated Treatment (infertile couples) and Control (pregnant couples). The resulting data were collected and analyzed on the basis of group mean scores on the test instruments.
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Dooley, Chris. "The relationship between fertility timing and career attainments of women." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3622.
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Asari, Yahya S. "Fertility differentials by ecological zones in rural West Java Province." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117062.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines fertility and family planning in the four
ecological zones in Rural West Java Province: the Northern, Highland,
Southern and Banten zones. It investigates variations in fertility
among ever married women according to education, occupation, age at
marriage, marital status and number of marriages. The index of fertility
in this 3tudy is the mean number of children ever born to ever married
women.
The analysis found that both before and after standardization,
there was an apparent dichotomy of fertility: the Highland and Banten
zones with high fertility and the Southern and Northern zones with lower
fertility. This dichotomy of fertility also persists when various
socio-economic variables are controlled. This study also shows that the
Highlanders and the Southerners accepted family planning more readily
than the Northerners and Bantenese.
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Lam, Gigi. "How does gender equity affect fertility in Hong Kong? /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202007%20LAM.
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Williams, Thomas D. "An ethical analysis of the use of fertility drugs." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Striessnig, Erich, and Wolfgang Lutz. "How does education change the relationship between fertility and age-dependency under environmental constraints? A long-term simulation exercise." Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2014.30.16.
Full textAbstract:
Background: When asked what a desirable fertility level for populations might be, most politicians, journalists, and even social scientists would say it is around two children per woman, a level that has been labelled by demographers "replacement-level fertility." The reasons given for considering this level of fertility as something to aim at usually include maintaining the size of the labour force and stabilizing the old-age-dependency ratio.
Objective: In this paper, we scrutinize this wide-spread view by introducing education in addition to age and sex as a further relevant source of observable population heterogeneity. We consider several criteria for assessing the long-term implications of alternative fertility levels and present numerical simulations with a view on minimizing the education-weighted total dependency ratio and complement this with the goal of reducing the amount of greenhouse gas emission in the context of climate change.
Methods: We perform thousands of alternative simulations for different fertility levels (assumed to be constant over time) starting from empirically given population structures and derive the rate of fertility which yields the lowest level of our education-weighted dependency ratio. We study the sensitivity of our results to different parameter values and choose to focus on the actual populations of Europe and China over the course of the 21st century.
Results: The results show that when education is assumed to present a cost at young age and results in higher productivity during adult age, then the fertility rate that on the long run keeps dependency at a minimum turns out to lie well below replacement fertility both in Europe and in China under a set of plausible assumptions. The optimal fertility level falls even lower when climate change is factored in as well.
Conclusions: We conclude that there is nothing magical or particularly desirable about replacement level fertility. (authors' abstract)
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Sarani, Shir Ahmad. "Light and electron microscopy of human luminal endometrial epithelium around the time of implantation : a morphometric study." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301280.
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Appleton, Simon. "Socio-economic determinants of education, health and fertility in Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385346.
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Fukuda, Nobutaka. "Fertility decline in Japan since the 1970s : socio-ecomic factors or attitudinal factors?" Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8303e991-71bf-4198-bc87-d2090c0415d6.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the influence of socio-economic and attitudinal factors on recent changes in marriage and fertility in Japan. Using macroand micro-data (collected especially for this research), the study examines the validity of three main theories: (1) the New Home Economics theory; (2) Easterlin's theory; and (3) the ideational (or attitudinal) theory in detemining Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour. The findings of this study show that socio-economic factors exert a substantial effect on Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour. More specifically, an increase in women's earning capacity raised their marriage age, lowered the level of their fertility, and lengthened their birth intervals. This evidence is in agreement with the New Home Economics theory. On the other hand, relative economic status also affected Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour. An improvement in the economic situation of young adults encouraged them to marry earlier, and to have more children. These findings support Easterlin's theory. However, comparing the two theories, the longitudinal trend of marriage and fertility pattern in Japan is better explained by the New Home Economics theory than Easterlin's theory. The level of women's wages had a relatively stronger impact on these patterns than their relative economic status. The findings also reveal that attitudinal factors play a significant role in determining Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour. As women became less committed to traditional norms and values, they married later, had fewer children and lengthened their birth intervals. Likewise, the reinforcement of women's individualistic attitudes raised their marriage age, lowered the level of their fertility, and delayed their entry to parenthood. This evidence indicates that marriage and fertility pattern in Japan cannot be due entirely to socio-economic factors. Comparing socio-economic and attitudinal factors, the former had a greater influence on marriage and fertility behaviour than the latter. We conclude from the findings of this study that Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour are affected both by socio-economic and attitudinal (ideational) factors, but the influence of the latter is secondary.
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Williams, Amy. "The experience of fertility nursing within the New Zealand context a dissertation presented in part fulfillment of the requirements Master of Health Science, Auckland University of Technology, 2007." Abstract. Full dissertation, 2007.
Find full textAbstract:
Dissertation (MHSc--Health Science) -- AUT University, 2007.Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (viii, 74 leaves ; 30 cm.) in North Shore Campus Theses Collection (T 616.6920231 WIL)
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Vũ, Mạnh Lợi. "Fertility behavior in the Vietnam Red River Delta : birth timing and birth interval dynamics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8902.
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解書影 and Shuying Xie. "A study on fertility transition in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39557182.
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Vilon, Viphongxay Pimonpan Isarabhakdi. "Women's education and fertility : evidence from three provinces of Laos /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd405/4938531.pdf.
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Song, Huadong. "People's commune and China's fertility : evidence from county-level data /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202009%20SONG.
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Ahmed, Jelaludin. "Polygyny and fertility differentials among the Yoruba of Western Nigeria." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117063.
Full textAbstract:
Many factors affect the fertility level of women, and the type of marital
union of a woman is one of these factors. The sub-thesis investigates the
fetility differentials among women in monogamous unions and women in
polygynous unions. It makes use of two data sets collected among the Yoruba
women of Western Nigeria. The first survey was conducted in Ibadan and the
second survey was conducted in Ibadan and Western Nigeria. Both surveys were
conducted in 1973.
The analysis of the two data sets indicates that the educational level,
religion and age of a woman are some of the factors that affect her chance of
entering into either a polygynous or a monogamous union. Some factors like
age, occupation and education helped raise the fertiltiy levels of women in
polygynous unions. But some other factors like length of abstinence, and
marital mobility affected the fertility level of women in polygynous unions
negatively In general, women in polygynous unions had a higher fertility level
compared to women in monogamous unions, mostly because they had higher ages.
But after standardizing for the age differences and taking into account the
difference in other variables, like education, occupation, and abstinence
period the women in the two groups show similar fertility levels. Polygyny is
very widely accepted by the society and about half of all the women were in
such a union. Most of the women who are not in polygynous unions still have a
high chance of entering such a union. Because of this many of the
characteristics including the fertility behavior of the women was found to be
very similar to each other.
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Amargant, i. Riera Farners. "Characterization of the human sperm centrosome and its role in (in)fertility." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664730.
Full textAbstract:
The centrosome is an essential organelle for the development of a new organism in animals. Upon fertilization the spermatozoon enters into the oocyte providing its basal body that converts into the first centrosome of the new organisms. Defects at the level of the sperm basal body may be linked to sperm motility and morphology defects as well as embryo early development failures, both leading to infertility.
In this thesis, I used a combination of tools and model systems to understand the fertilization process, in particular the transition of the sperm basal body into a functional centrosome upon fertilization and its importance in supporting embryo early development. We set up a method to functionally analyze human pathological semen samples in an oocyte cytoplasmic ex vivo system. Second, we found that the human sperm basal body contributes a complex matrix of proteins important for proper preimplantation development of the oocyte upon fertilization.El centrosoma és un orgànul essencial pel desenvolupament d'un nou organisme. A la fecundació, l'espermatozoide proporcional al oòcit el cos basal (CB) que es convertirà en el primer centrosoma del nou individu. Defectes a nivell del CB de l’espermatozoide es poden associar a defectes en la mobilitat i morfologia de l’espermatozoide, així com també a embrions que s’aturen durant el seu desenvolupament primari, provocant problemes d’infertilitat. En aquesta tesi he combinat diferents mètodes i models animals per entendre millor la fecundació, i en particular, com és la transició del CB a un centrosoma funcional, i la seva importància durant el desenvolupament de l’embrió. Així doncs establert un mètode per analitzar funcionalment mostres humanes d’esperma patològic en un sistema citoplasmàtic d'oòcits ex vivo. En segon lloc, he detectat que el CB de l'esperma humà contribueix una matriu complexa de proteïnes important pel bon desenvolupament preimplantacional de l'oòcit després de la fecundació.