Journal articles on the topic 'Human evolutional'
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Tytyk, Edwin. "Evolutional background for humanizing technology." Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing 14, no. 3 (2004): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.10063.
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Pidpala, O. V., and L. L. Lukash. "The analisis of human MGMT gene orthologous in protests." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 22 (September 9, 2018): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v22.973.
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Aim. The intron sequences of orthologous О6-methylguanin-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) genes in Protists on the early stages of their formation in eukaryotic organisms have been analysed. Methods. Homologous regions have been defined by the program BLASTN 2.6.1. Nucleotide sequences of the bacterial and mitochondrial group II introns have been taken from Database for Bacterial Group II Introns. Searching and identifying the MGEs have been realized by using CENSOR. Results. It has been shown that the evolution of the gene does not always coincide with the evolution of the organism. This is shown on the example of intron loss and gain in social amoebae Dictyostelium. Also it has been found the fragmentary nature of homology between various introns and exons of the orthologous genes. Conclusions. The obtained results allow offer a suggestion about the endogenous mosaic character of the evolutional formation of the gene structural units.
Keywords: О6-methylguanin-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene orthologous, Protists, gene evolution, spliceosomal introns, intron loss and gain.
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Yang, Cheng Zhong, and Xiao Shi Zheng. "A Video Characteristics Watermarking Algorithm Based on Bees Evolutional Computation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (June 2014): 796–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.796.
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Digital video watermarking is an efficient way of copyright protection. A robust watermarking was proposed that ccording to the video features using the evolutional method of video image classification processing, suitable for video performance and human visual characteristics of video watermarking, and put forward a kind of using Bees evolutional algorithm for video image classification processing of video watermarking algorithm. All the key frame numbers are converts to a binary matrix after data transformation. At last the binary image is produced. From this, the watermarking image reflects the video’s features, so it is effective to resist the watermark copy attack.
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Kamohara, Sinichi, Yutaka Ichinose, Takashi Takeda, and Hideyuki Takagi. "Construction of Virtual Reality System for Arm Wrestling with Interactive Evolutional Computing." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 12, no. 1 (February 20, 2000): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2000.p0048.
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We developed arm wrestling between users and virtual robots and are working on control rule acquisition. For control human-like rules, we use interactive evolutional computing (EC) in which control rules are interactively acquired by computer and control is calculated by the user arm wrestling with the robot. We evaluated arm wrestling with interactive EC and acquiring human-like rules during virtual arm wrestling.
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TZEN, CHIN-YUAN, and TSU-YEN WU. "Evolutional Analysis in Determining Pathogenic versus Nonpathogenic Mutations of ATPase 6 in Human Mitochondriopathy." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1042, no. 1 (May 2005): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1338.002.
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Moroz, Volodymyr. "Normative character of the principles of Social doctrine of Catholic Church: an evolutional way of formation." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 71-72 (November 4, 2014): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2014.71-72.440.
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The article of Volodymyr Moroz ―Normative character of the principles of Social doctrine of Catholic Church: an evolutional way of formation - is devoted to the analysis of Catholic Church’s Teaching over the human dignity. Author explores also the process of settling of the principles of common good, subsidiarity and solidarity in the Teaching of Catholic Church. Mentioned principles are investigated in the case of orientation to provide a reverence to transcendent human dignity. Author sums up that all three principles have normative character. That is to say the principles are called to guarantee certain coordination between the social reality and the verities, which were declared by the Social doctrine of the Church.
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Dyk, Wiesław. "Bioetyka między jakością i świętością życia." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2003): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2003.1.1.11.
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The aim of the article above is an attempt of the natural approach of based categories of bioethics, namely quality of life, the value of human life, and the sanctity of life (the quality of life makes its sanctity). By thorough analysis, in the biological aspect of goodness and evil and by study the emerging of rational and free (human) Being in the evolutional perspective the effort of showing of uniqueness, specificity, and immunity of a human person is undertaken. The analysis tends toward creating a basis for bioethical valuation. Bioethics as interdisciplinary science has to be based on interdisciplinary anthropology taking into account the ontic-existential structure of human beings.
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Onnekikami, Eluojor A., and Paul C. Okpala. "Human Resource Policies and Practices: Evaluating and Reviewing the Contemporary Recruiting Process." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v6i1.9237.
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The main purpose of this article is to have an overview of Human Resource (HR) policies and practices, especially as it relates to the contemporary and evolutional process of talent recruitment. The article encompasses an overview of HR general policies and practices including the selection process, applications, background checks, substantive selection, interviews; the contingent selection process and what to do after the job offer. In short, organizations are decreasing the use of external recruiting companies or agencies and are now often counting on their own HR professionals for talent search. For instance, internal HR professionals are now utilizing different online tools such as job boards, LinkedIn and social media to discover ideal job candidates and these popular platforms have proven invaluable in the modern recruiting process.
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Kumar, Pardeep. "Revisiting the Controlling Function in Multinational Corporations: A Critical Review of Literature." FOCUS: Journal of International Business 9, no. 1 (2022): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17492/jpi.focus.v9i1.912207.
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The complexities of managing multinational corporations (MNCs) have been increasing over a period of time. Developing a new controlling model for MNCs is critical and is required for their effective management. This paper analyses the ‘evolutionary theory of multinational corporation’ as well as the ‘business network theory’. Exploring the ‘Evolutional model of controlling’ based on multi-factor analysis, the paper examines the assumptions of the controlling concept, and wherever possible, redefines them. It extends the approach by incorporating additional functions and features including reverse knowledge transfer and measuring controlling effectiveness. Additional indirect parameters for the effective measurement of controlling are analysed. The drawbacks of controlling are mentioned and gaps are identified to develop a new model of controlling. The newer model is based on management approaches, decision making theory and an analogy of the human nervous system.
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Evtukov, Stanislav, Egor Golov, and Tatiana Sazonova. "Prospects of scientific research in the field of active and passive safety of vehicles." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823904018.
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Road traffic injuries cause colossal socio-economic damage to the society as a whole and irreplaceable losses for injured persons and their relatives. Huge amount of road and transport accidents are caused by human error. The paper studies statistics of road accident rate and influence of human factor on safety. In connection with revealed direct dependence of accident rate and the severity of its consequences on the driver errors, the evolutional path from vehicles without automation of any functions to entirely autonomous vehicles is considered in the paper. In continuation of the dynamic evolution of vehicles, the perspectives for the development of active and passive safety of vehicles are proposed. Reducing the need for full or partial control of a car by the driver provides ample opportunities for people with disabilities to use them, which is an additional incentive to the development of autonomous vehicles. Due to the existing difficulties caused by the unavailability of either road users or legislative or regulatory authorities for switching to autonomous vehicles, there may be scientific and related problems in their implementation in the Russian transport system.
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Ivashchenko, Anatoly, Olga Berillo, Anna Pyrkova, Raigul Niyazova, and Shara Atambayeva. "The Properties of Binding Sites of miR-619-5p, miR-5095, miR-5096, and miR-5585-3p in the mRNAs of Human Genes." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/720715.
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The binding of 2,578 human miRNAs with the mRNAs of 12,175 human genes was studied. It was established that miR-619-5p, miR-5095, miR-5096, and miR-5585-3p bind with high affinity to the mRNAs of the 1215, 832, 725, and 655 genes, respectively. These unique miRNAs have binding sites in the coding sequences and untranslated regions of mRNAs. The mRNAs of many genes have multiple miR-619-5p, miR-5095, miR-5096, and miR-5585-3p binding sites. Groups of mRNAs in which the ordering of the miR-619-5p, miR-5095, miR-5096, and miR-5585-3p binding sites differ were established. The possible functional and evolutional properties of unique miRNAs are discussed.
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Mackeh, Rafah, Alexandra K. Marr, Abeer Fadda, and Tomoshige Kino. "C2H2-Type Zinc Finger Proteins: Evolutionarily Old and New Partners of the Nuclear Hormone Receptors." Nuclear Receptor Signaling 15 (January 2018): 155076291880107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550762918801071.
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Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) are evolutionarily conserved ligand-dependent transcription factors. They are essential for human life, mediating the actions of lipophilic molecules, such as steroid hormones and metabolites of fatty acid, cholesterol, and external toxic compounds. The C2H2-type zinc finger proteins (ZNFs) form the largest family of the transcription factors in humans and are characterized by multiple, tandemly arranged zinc fingers. Many of the C2H2-type ZNFs are conserved throughout evolution, suggesting their involvement in preserved biological activities, such as general transcriptional regulation and development/differentiation of organs/tissues observed in the early embryonic phase. However, some C2H2-type ZNFs, such as those with the Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domain, appeared relatively late in evolution and have significantly increased family members in mammals including humans, possibly modulating their complicated transcriptional network and/or supporting the morphological development/functions specific to them. Such evolutional characteristics of the C2H2-type ZNFs indicate that these molecules influence the NR functions conserved through evolution, whereas some also adjust them to meet with specific needs of higher organisms. We review the interaction between NRs and C2H2-type ZNFs by focusing on some of the latter molecules.
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Kiss, Attila, and Gábor Pusztai. "Using the Unity Game Engine to Develop a 3D Simulated Ecological System Based on a Predator–Prey Model Extended by Gene Evolution." Informatics 9, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics9010009.
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In this paper, we present a novel implementation of an ecosystem simulation. In our previous work, we implemented a 3D environment based on a predator–prey model, but we found that in most cases, regardless of the choice of starting parameters, the simulation quickly led to extinctions. We wanted to achieve system stabilization, long-term operation, and better simulation of reality by incorporating genetic evolution. Therefore we applied the predator–prey model with an evolutional approach. Using the Unity game engine we created and managed a closed 3D ecosystem environment defined by an artificial or real uploaded map. We present some demonstrative runs while gathering data, observing interesting events (such as extinction, sustainability, and behavior of swarms), and analyzing possible effects on the initial parameters of the system. We found that incorporating genetic evolution into the simulation slightly stabilized the system, thus reducing the likelihood of extinction of different types of objects. The simulation of ecosystems and the analysis of the data generated during the simulations can also be a starting point for further research, especially in relation to sustainability. Our system is publicly available, so anyone can customize and upload their own parameters, maps, objects, and biological species, as well as inheritance and behavioral habits, so they can test their own hypotheses from the data generated during its operation. The goal of this article was not to create and validate a model but to create an IT tool for evolutionary researchers who want to test their own models and to present them, for example, as animated conference presentations. The use of 3D simulation is primarily useful for educational purposes, such as to engage students and to increase their interest in biology. Students can learn in a playful way while observing in the graphical scenery how the ecosystem behaves, how natural selection helps the adaptability and survival of species, and what effects overpopulation and competition can have.
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KASTON TANGE, ANDREA. "Constance Naden and the Erotics of Evolution: Mating the Woman of Letters with the Man of Science." Nineteenth-Century Literature 61, no. 2 (September 1, 2006): 200–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2006.61.2.200.
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Many of the poems by Constance Naden (1858-1889) focus on exploring the intersections of poetry and science, an intriguing effort given that at the end of the Victorian period, these were assumed to be opposite enterprises. Even more interesting is the fact that despite cultural assumptions about science being the province of the masculine mind, Naden's work both purposefully asserts the ability of women to engage with science and challenges the Victorian cultural tendency to offer "scientific" justifications for notions of female intellectual inferiority. This essay examines the quartet of poems called "Evolutional Erotics," the work of hers that has generally garnered attention in the small flurry of scholarly activity recently focused on Naden, against the larger context of her Complete Poetical Works (1894). In these four witty, playful poems,Naden uses the languages of science-evolution, botany, chemistry, physics-to create metaphors and conceits through which to explore the courtships of four fictional couples. Taken together with her long poems, Naden's work presents heterosexual lovematches that interrogate the triangulated relationship between science, poetry, and British Victorian gender-based expectations. Largely through her invocation of Charles Darwin's ideas of evolution, and in verse resembling that of Erasmus Darwin in its conjunction of science and human sexuality, Naden uses her poetry to model the necessary fluidity of disciplinary boundaries. Moreover, in merging the "male" scientific mind with a feminist poetics, Naden is a writer-and, by implication, posits a reader-whose facility with both science and poetics indicates an evolutionary step toward respecting women's intellect.
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Cheshkov, M. "“Arab Spring” and Fortunes of Post-Soviet States." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2012): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-7-122-123.
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The present article is published as an addition to materials of the round-table "Events in North Africa and in the Middle East: international factors", placed in the current and previous issues. The author investigates the Arab revolutions at the beginning of the current decade from the standpoint of what they could contribute to understanding of the post-Soviet states' fortune. Russia found itself close to a civilizational collapse that fairly aligns its fortune with Arab world countries. From the author's point of view, it's possible to propel Russia to a higher development level, if civilizational shift happened, based on a human communities evolutional movement principle.
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Akimov, I., and V. Kiryushyn. "Ethological Aspects of Honeybee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apidae), Adaptation to Parasitic Mite Varroa Destructor (Mesostigmata, Varroidae) Invasion." Vestnik Zoologii 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): e-32-e-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10058-010-0004-z.
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Ethological Aspects of HoneybeeApis mellifera(Hymenoptera, Apidae), Adaptation to Parasitic MiteVarroa Destructor(Mesostigmata, Varroidae) InvasionSome ethological aspects ofA. melliferaLinnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera, Apidae), adaptation to parasiting the miteV. destructorAnderson et Trueman (Mesostigmata, Varroidae) are shown. The basic complexes of behaviour reactions, directed on a fight against the parasitic mites of bees brood at the genusApisare shown, their comparative efficiency under various conditions and evolutional perspective. Possibility of ethological adaptation of honey bee toV. destructorparasiting, direction of selection by this sign and influencing of human on parasitic-host system was discussed. An approach to the selection of bees with the purpose of resistanse to varroosis promoution is proposed.
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Verbruggen, Frederick. "Executive Control of Actions Across Time and Space." Current Directions in Psychological Science 25, no. 6 (December 2016): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721416659254.
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Many popular psychological accounts attribute adaptive human behavior to an “executive-control” system that regulates a lower-level “impulsive” or “associative” system. However, recent findings argue against this strictly hierarchical view. Instead, executive control of impulsive and inappropriate actions depends on an interplay between multiple basic cognitive processes. The outcome of these processes can be biased in advance. Executive-action control is also strongly influenced by personal experiences in the recent and distant past. Thus, executive control emerges from an interactive and competitive network. Main challenges for future research are to describe and understand these interactions and to put executive-action control in a wider sociocultural and evolutional context.
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���������� and Larisa Kozhemyakina. "Museum Pedagogics in the Context of Federal State Educational Standard of General Education (on the Example of the Museum n.a. Nicholas Roerich)." Standards and Monitoring in Education 2, no. 4 (August 15, 2014): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5873.
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The article focuses on capabilities of museum pedagogy (regulated by the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education)as part of the culture
edifying paradigm aimed tocreate a new individual of culture able to perceive personal responsibility for universal cultural and human values, that
enable existence, unity, and evolution of humanity and provide the dialog of cultures, epochs, and nations.
The article reveals the importance of artistic, literary, and epistolary heritage of a famous Russian artist, public figure, philosopher, and historian of culture
� Nicholas Roerich. Artistic heritage of Nicholas Roerich is of particular relevance for modern education, as it points out the spiritual unity of sacred
images and symbols of the East and the West, sets international humanitarian and moral values, helps to comprehend the uniqueness of Russian culture
and cultures of the East.
The author surveys cultural and educational space of the Museum n.a. Nicholas Roerich as part of the complex educational model: the museum educational
Program �Dialog between cultures of the East and the West�. Mastering this Program will contribute to: building the basis of museum culture,
evolving personal need for interaction with works of art andartefacts in the educational space of the Museum; creating emotional and axiological attitude
towards artistic heritage of Nicholas Roerich; accumulating individual cultural experience based on realization of universal human values and
cultural symbols; developing historical consciousness based on understanding particular cultural and social evolutional milestones in the history of
humanity, which are of evolutionary importance for the future unity of mankind; establishing respectful and caring attitude towards both Russian and
Eastern religious and cultural traditions; creating an individual worldview as a system of universal cultural, spiritual and moral values.
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Văduva, Corina, Cosmin Dănișor, and Mihai Datcu. "Joint SAR Image Time Series and PSInSAR Data Analytics: An LDA Based Approach." Remote Sensing 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2018): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10091436.
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Due to the constant increase in Earth Observation (EO) data collections, the monitoring of land cover is facilitated by the temporal diversity of the satellite images datasets. Due to the capacity of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors to operate independently of sunlight and weather conditions, SAR image time series offer the possibility to form a dataset with almost regular temporal sampling. This paper aims at mining the SAR image time series for an analysis of target’s behavior from the perspective of both temporal evolution and coherence. The authors present a two-level analytical approach envisaging the assessment of global (related to perceivable structures on the ground) and local (related to changes occurred within a perceivable structure on the ground) evolution inside the scene. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model is implemented to identify the categories of evolution present in the analyzed scene, while the statistical and coherent proprieties of the dataset’s images are exploited in order to identify the structures with stable electromagnetic response, the so-called Persistent Scatterers (PS). A comparative study of the two algorithms’ classification results is conducted on ERS and Sentinel-1 data. At global scale, the results fit human perception, as most of the points which can be exploited for Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PS-InSAR) are classified within the same class, referring to stable structures. At local scale, the LDA classification demands for an extended number of classes (defined through a perplexity-based analysis), enabling further differentiation inside the evolutional character of those stable structures. The comparison against the map of detected PS reveals which classes present higher temporal correlation, determining a stable evolutionary character, opening new perspectives for validation of both PS detection and SITS analysis algorithms.
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Charles, James A. "The Survival of Aboriginal Australians through the Harshest time in Human History: Community Strength." International Journal of Indigenous Health 15, no. 1 (November 5, 2020): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32799/ijih.v15i1.33925.
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AbstractIntroduction: Aboriginal People have inhabited the Australian continent since the beginning of time, but archaeologists and anthropologist’s state there is evidence for approx. 51,000 to 71,000 years of continual habitation. During this time, the Australian continent has experienced many environmental and climatic changes i.e. fluctuating temperatures, ice ages, fluctuating CO2 levels, extremely high dust levels, high ice volume, high winds, large scale bush fires, glacial movement, low rain fall, extreme arid conditions, limited plant growth, evaporation of fresh water lakes, and dramatic sea level fluctuations, which have contributed to mass animal extinction.Method: The skeletal remains of Aboriginal Australians were examined for evidence of bone spurring at the calcaneus, which may be indicative of fast running which would assist survival. The skull and mandible bones were examined for signs evolutional traits related to survival. Aboriginal culture, knowledge of medical treatment and traditional medicines were also investigated. Discussion: Oral story telling of factual events, past down unchanged for millennia contributed to survival. Aboriginal Australians had to seek refuge, and abandon 80% of the continent. Physical ability and athleticism was paramount to survival. There is evidence of cannibalism by many Aboriginal Australian tribes contributing to survival. The Kaurna People exhibited evolutionary facial features that would have assisted survival. Kaurna People had excellent knowledge of medicine and the capacity to heal their community members.Conclusion: The Australian continent has experienced many environmental and climatic changes over the millennia. Navigating these extremely harsh, rapidly changing conditions is an incredible story of survival of Aboriginal Australians. The findings of this investigation suggest that Aboriginal Australians survival methods were complex and multi-faceted. Although this paper could not examine every survival method, perhaps Aboriginal Peoples knowledge of flora and fauna, for nourishment and medicine, was paramount to their survival.
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Sjakste, Tatjana, Ilva Poudžiunas, Valdis Pīrāgs, Māris Lazdiñš, and Nikolajs Sjakste. "Bioinformatic Analysis of Evolutional Conservatism and Functional Significance of Microsatellite Alleles of Human 14Q13.2 Region Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 62, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-008-0001-6.
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Bioinformatic Analysis of Evolutional Conservatism and Functional Significance of Microsatellite Alleles of Human 14Q13.2 Region Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus The paper deals with bioinformatic and statistical analysis of the possible functional significance of the previously shown association of several microsatellite alleles in intron 6 of the human proteasome core particle PSMA6 gene (HSMS006) and four other microsatellites localised upstream in human chromosome 14q13.2 (HSMS801, HSMS702, HSMS701, HSMS602) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Latvia and Botnia, Finland. Genotype analysis revealed that (CAA)8/(CAA)8 homozygotes of the HSMS602 marker were never found in Type 2 diabetes patients, although 6.56% of the individuals from the control groups were the (CAA)8/(CAA)8 homozygotes. For the HSMS801 marker the (AC)21/(AC)23 genotype was never found in the case group and in the control group it was detected with a frequency 4.40%; these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In contrast to the Latvian population, the distribution of genotype frequencies in cases and controls taken from the Botnian dataset was almost similar. Haplotype analysis showed that in the Latvian population besides haplotypes including alleles differently represented in case and control groups, a combination of some alleles almost equally represented in both groups formed combinations that were more characteristic of either the case group or the control group. This indicates probable independent functional significance of these haplotypes that warrants further investigation. In the Botnian population, more allele combinations were observed, and the distribution of haplotypes in case and control groups differed from that observed in Latvia. The observed haplotype distributions might reflect differences between the studied populations: a homogenous and isolated Botnian vis-à-vis a mixed Latvian population. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis of data on the Latvian population revealed nine of ten two-allele combinations manifesting a high LD. HSMS006 and HSMS602 combination had a low LD; among the analysed markers these were situated at the largest distance from one another. Data on the Botnian population showed that haplotypes in eight of ten combinations had a high LD, including the HSMS006 and HSMS602 combinations. It appears that the two populations differ also in linkage disequilibrium of two-loci haplotypes. Theoretical analysis of a potential functional role of the polymorphisms indicated the significance of the microsatellite length of HSMS602 and HSMS006 for the formation of DNA hairpins. The whole genomic region appears to be conservative in mammals.
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Sato, Keiko, Tomonori Tanabe, and Masanori Ohya. "How to Classify Influenza A Viruses and Understand Their Severity." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 17, no. 03 (September 2010): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1230161210000199.
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As an application of the chaos degree introduced in the framework of information adaptive dynamics, we study the classification of the Influenza A viruses. What evolutional processes determine the severity and the ability for transmission among human of influenza A viruses? We performed phylogenetic classifications of influenza A viruses that were sampled between 1918 and 2009 by using a measure called entropic chaos degree, that was developed through the study of chaos in information dynamics. The phylogenetic analysis of the internal protein (PB2, PB1, PA, NS, M1, M2, NS1, and NS2) indicated that Influenza A viruses adapting to human and transmitting among human were clearly distinguished from swine lineage and avian lineage. Furthermore, the HA, NA, and internal proteins of the influenza strain that caused a pandemic or a severe epidemic with high mortality were phylogenetically different from those from previous pandemic and severe epidemic strains. We have come to the conclusion that the internal protein has a significant impact on the ability for transmission among human. Based of this study, we are convinced that entropic chaos degree is very useful as a measure of understanding the classification and severity of an isolated strain of influenza A virus.
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Suzuki, Takashi, Tadanobu Takahashi, Takehiko Saito, Chao-Tan Guo, Kazuya I. P. Jwa Hidari, Daisei Miyamoto, and Yasuo Suzuki. "Evolutional analysis of human influenza A virus N2 neuraminidase genes based on the transition of the low-pH stability of sialidase activity1." FEBS Letters 557, no. 1-3 (December 29, 2003): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01503-5.
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Cho, N., H. J. Ahn, Y. N. Lee, S. Kang, A. R. Park, J. M. Sung, Y. T. Kim, J. H. Kim, and K. J. Song. "864 Evolutional epidemiology of human papillomavirus genotyping and multiplicity for the triage of Korean women with abnormal cytology by longitudinal prospective study." European Journal of Cancer Supplements 8, no. 5 (June 2010): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71658-x.
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Tian, Yan, Panpan Chen, Peng Lu, He Yang, Shugang Yang, Li Zhang, Qingli Wei, et al. "Evolution of Influence Ranges of Neolithic-Bronze Age Cities in the Songshan Mountain Region of Central China Based on GIS Spatial Analysis." Remote Sensing 14, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 5631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225631.
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Exploring the influence range of early cities is significant for understanding the mechanisms behind ancient settlement systems and human-environment interactions. Due to a lack of effective research methods, the evolution processes and impact mechanisms of the influence ranges of prehistoric cities are still ambiguous. In this study, we chose the Songshan Mountain region for research, which witnessed the origin and development of Chinese civilization. Using GIS spatial analyses such as the ‘average nearest neighbor’ and ‘Thiessen polygon’, we explored the spatial-temporal distributions and influence ranges of Neolithic-Bronze Age cities in the region. The roles of human culture and the natural environment in the process were also investigated. The results indicated that the spatial distributions of early cities were random during the Yangshao (7000–5000 BP) and Longshan (5000–4000 BP) cultures. During the Erlitou culture (3800–3500 BP) and Shang Dynasty (3600–3046 BP), the spatial distributions changed into dispersed models. During the Zhou Dynasty (3046–2256 BP), the spatial distribution model was random again. Correspondingly, the influence range of early cities during the Erlitou culture is the largest, followed by those of the Longshan culture, Yangshao culture, Shang Dynasty, and Zhou Dynasty. This is different from the conventional view that the ancient city’s influence range continuously expands as time advances. Both the natural environment and human culture are believed to impact this evolutional process. Specifically, the Holocene climate variation and the consequent cyclic river downcutting and silting affect the city site selection and thus the spatial-temporal distribution and influence range of early cities. The enfeoffment system occurring during the Erlitou culture should also have played a vital role in this evolution. In general, the natural environment is more important for the spatial distribution and influence range of early cities during Yangshao, Longshan, and Erlitou cultures, while human culture represented by the enfeoffment system plays a dominant role during Shang and Zhou Dynasties when the natural environment is relatively stable.
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Xian, Siqi, Lujuan Chen, Yan Yan, Jianfang Chen, Guixia Yu, Yuxiao Shao, Bin Zhan, Yanhai Wang, and Limei Zhao. "Echinococcus multilocularis Calreticulin Interferes with C1q-Mediated Complement Activation." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 1 (January 7, 2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8010047.
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As a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis larvae, alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is one of the most severe forms of parasitic infection. Over a long evolutional process E. multilocularis has developed complex strategies to escape host immune attack and survive within a host. However, the mechanisms underlying immune evasion remain unclear. Here we investigated the binding activity of E. multilocularis calreticulin (EmCRT), a highly conserved Ca2+-binding protein, to human complement C1q and its ability to inhibit classical complement activation. ELISA, Far Western blotting and immunoprecipitation results demonstrated that both recombinant and natural EmCRTs bound to human C1q, and the interaction of recombinant EmCRT (rEmCRT) inhibited C1q binding to IgM. Consequently, rEmCRT inhibited classical complement activation manifested as decreasing C4/C3 depositions and antibody-sensitized cell lysis. Moreover, rEmCRT binding to C1q suppressed C1q binding to human mast cell, HMC-1, resulting in reduced C1q-induced mast cell chemotaxis. According to these results, E. multilocularis expresses EmCRT to interfere with C1q-mediated complement activation and C1q-dependent non-complement activation of immune cells, possibly as an immune evasion strategy of the parasite in the host.
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SABODASH, R. B. "EVOLUTIONAL INTERPRETATION OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREESOMS AS A WAY TO CREATE NEW NORMS IN THE PRIVATE LAW." Scientific Journal of Public and Private Law 1, no. 4 (2019): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2618-1258.2019.4-1.23.
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Wang, Siqin, Mengxi Zhang, Tao Hu, Xiaokang Fu, Zhe Gao, Briana Halloran, and Yan Liu. "A Bibliometric Analysis and Network Visualisation of Human Mobility Studies from 1990 to 2020: Emerging Trends and Future Research Directions." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 5372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105372.
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Studies on human mobility have a long history with increasingly strong interdisciplinary connections across social science, environmental science, information and technology, computer science, engineering, and health science. However, what is lacking in the current research is a synthesis of the studies to identify the evolutional pathways and future research directions. To address this gap, we conduct a systematic review of human mobility-related studies published from 1990 to 2020. Drawing on the selected publications retrieved from the Web of Science, we provide a bibliometric analysis and network visualisation using CiteSpace and VOSviewer on the number of publications and year published, authors and their countries and afflictions, citations, topics, abstracts, keywords, and journals. Our findings show that human mobility-related studies have become increasingly interdisciplinary and multi-dimensional, which have been strengthened by the use of the so-called ‘big data’ from multiple sources, the development of computer technologies, the innovation of modelling approaches, and the novel applications in various areas. Based on our synthesis of the work by top cited authors we identify four directions for future research relating to data sources, modelling methods, applications, and technologies. We advocate for more in-depth research on human mobility using multi-source big data, improving modelling methods and integrating advanced technologies including artificial intelligence, and machine and deep learning to address real-world problems and contribute to social good.
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Chen, Zhuo (Georgia). "The Cancer Stem Cell Concept in Progression of Head and Neck Cancer." Journal of Oncology 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/894064.
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Human head and neck cancer (HNC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Understanding the biology of HNC progression is necessary for the development of novel approaches to its prevention, early detection, and treatment. A current evolutional progression model has limitations in explaining the heterogeneity observed in a single tumor nest. Accumulating evidence supports the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as small subpopulations in solid tumors, including HNC. These CSCs can be selected by appropriate cell surface markers, which are cancer type specific and have been confirmed by uniquein vitroandin vivoassays. Selected CSC populations maintain a self-renewal capability and show aggressive behaviors, such as chemoresistance and metastasis. In addition to introducing the CSC concept in solid tumors, this short review summarizes current publications in HNC CSC and the prospective development and application of the CSC concept to HNC in the clinic.
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Latypova, Alina R. "Between Mutation and Glitch." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 2 (2020): 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202057228.
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The following paper considers the immanent principles of digital media evolution. The features of the evolutional route of digital objects are conditioned by glitches, errors and bugs, which appear in media functioning, what in its turn gives birth to the new forms, structures and configurations of digital reality. The glitches are considered not only as a kind of digital mutations, but also as a sign of activity of media. Decisions elaborated from the programs’ failures enlarge the resolution capacity of new technologies. The paper provides an analysis of certain errors and glitches, which engineers, programmers, game designers faced with during their work with digital environment. The theoretical framework includes Henri Bergson’s theory of creative evolution, Gram Harman’s object-oriented philosophy, media philosophical approach to the problem of the activity of object proposed by Valery Savchuk and the theory of self-organisation and autopoiesis of the social systems worked out by Niklas Luhmann. The analysis of digital objects activity demonstrates two levels of functioning. The first one, fictional level, reveals mainly (but not only) in the computer games and concerns the content of media, when we gain a habit to interact with digital objects/characters as if they are real. The second level, operational, realises in the digital environment in general and concerns the form of media. On this level, glitches and bugs have crucial meaning, because they might evoke the changes in the digital world organisation, starting from the local decisions for the certain program (e.g. the elaboration of the new ways in solving locomotional tasks in simulations, which might be later use in other projects) and ending with the replacement of practices and representations typical for the human of digital era. The paper shows that it is possible to talk about digital evolution not in terms of the history of technological inventions, but in terms of the changes in digital objects caused by the inner logic of media, independently from the human will and expectations.
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Daev, Eugene V., Boris P. Surinov, and Anna V. Dukelskaya. "CHEMOSIGNALING IN CBA AND C57BL/6 MOUSE STRAINS IS MODIFIED BY STRESS." Ecological genetics 5, no. 2 (June 15, 2007): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen5237-43.
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Chemosignaling is widespread among animals as tool for regulation of synecological interactions. Evolutional conservatism of such signaling allows us to suggest that same chemosignals play an important role in different animal species including human beings. Aversion/attraction of mouse pheromone 2,5- dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMP) and 2,3-dimethylpyrazine (2,3-DMP) for CBA and C57BL/6 mice was studied in T-maze. It is shown that intact males and females of both strains under choice condition prefer 2,3-DMP to water and 2,5-DMP. They also prefer water to 2,5-DMP Stress after swimming modifies behavior in T-maze: all preferences disappear in C57BL/6 males and remain without changes in CBA males. Importance of behavioral changes obtained here under stress condition is discussed. Detailed studies of the preference modulation with recently shown other effects of 2,5-DMP could connect specific sensitivity to chemosignals with the pheromone, stress and genotype.
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Dias, Eliane Pedra, Ana Luisa Figueira Gouvêa, and Claudia Carvalhal Eyer. "Condyloma acuminatum: its histopathological pattern." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 115, no. 2 (April 1997): 1383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31801997000200003.
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Condyloma acuminatum is one of the clinical manifestations of papillomavirus infection. The classical histopathological features are already known and do not constitute a diagnostic problem. Clinically, it has been classified into growth or proliferative, full-expression, and regressive or persistent phases, with the histopathological aspects of these distinct phases being well documented in equine cutaneous papillomas. We have designed a protocol of histopathological analysis in order to investigate the possibility of identifying the evolutional phases in human condylomata acuminata. Sixty condylomata acuminata from the files of the Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, were studied regarding koilocytosis, paraceratosis, acantosis, basal cell hyperplasia and mono-nuclear cell infiltrate. After an individual analysis and comparison of the cases, the main differential aspects of condyloma acuminatum were: koilocytosis, transepithelial lymphocytic infiltrate and basal cell hyperplasia. Thus, condylomatous lesions can be histopathologically differentiated in three major patterns: proliferative, viral replication activity and regressive.
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Prokocimer, Miron, Alina Molchadsky, and Varda Rotter. "Dysfunctional diversity of p53 proteins in adult acute myeloid leukemia: projections on diagnostic workup and therapy." Blood 130, no. 6 (August 10, 2017): 699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-02-763086.
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Abstract The heterogeneous nature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its poor prognosis necessitate therapeutic improvement. Current advances in AML research yield important insights regarding AML genetic, epigenetic, evolutional, and clinical diversity, all in which dysfunctional p53 plays a key role. As p53 is central to hematopoietic stem cell functions, its aberrations affect AML evolution, biology, and therapy response and usually predict poor prognosis. While in human solid tumors TP53 is mutated in more than half of cases, TP53 mutations occur in less than one tenth of de novo AML cases. Nevertheless, wild-type (wt) p53 dysfunction due to nonmutational p53 abnormalities appears to be rather frequent in various AML entities, bearing, presumably, a greater impact than is currently appreciated. Hereby, we advocate assessment of adult AML with respect to coexisting p53 alterations. Accordingly, we focus not only on the effects of mutant p53 oncogenic gain of function but also on the mechanisms underlying nonmutational wtp53 inactivation, which might be of therapeutic relevance. Patient-specific TP53 genotyping with functional evaluation of p53 protein may contribute significantly to the precise assessment of p53 status in AML, thus leading to the tailoring of a rationalized and precision p53-based therapy. The resolution of the mechanisms underlying p53 dysfunction will better address the p53-targeted therapies that are currently considered for AML. Additionally, a suggested novel algorithm for p53-based diagnostic workup in AML is presented, aiming at facilitating the p53-based therapeutic choices.
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Hua, Xu, Xue Hengxin, and Chen Zhiguo. "Application of hydrologic forecast model." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.161.
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In order to overcome the shortcoming of the solution may be trapped into the local minimization in the traditional TSK (Takagi-Sugeno-Kang) fuzzy inference training, this paper attempts to consider the TSK fuzzy system modeling approach based on the visual system principle and the Weber law. This approach not only utilizes the strong capability of identifying objects of human eyes, but also considers the distribution structure of the training data set in parameter regulation. In order to overcome the shortcoming of it adopting the gradient learning algorithm with slow convergence rate, a novel visual TSK fuzzy system model based on evolutional learning is proposed by introducing the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The main advantage of this method lies in its very good optimization, very strong noise immunity and very good interpretability. The new method is applied to long-term hydrological forecasting examples. The simulation results show that the method is feasibile and effective, the new method not only inherits the advantages of traditional visual TSK fuzzy models but also has the better global convergence and accuracy than the traditional model.
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TEREC-VLAD, Loredana, and Daniel TEREC-VLAD. "About the Evolution of the Human Species: Human Robots and Human Enhancement." Postmodern Openings 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/2014.0503.05.
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Ikeda, Takayuki, Shin Takasawa, Naoya Noguchi, Koji Nata, Akiyo Yamauchi, Iwao Takahashi, Takeo Yoshikawa, Akira Sugawara, Hideto Yonekura, and Hiroshi Okamoto. "Identification of a major enzyme for the synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose in amphibian cells and evolutional conservation of the enzyme from human to invertebrate." Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 366, no. 1-2 (March 16, 2012): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-012-1284-0.
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Eckhardt, R. B. "Evolutionary morphology of human skeletal characteristics." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 47, no. 3 (October 5, 1989): 193–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/47/1989/193.
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Ivanov, Lachezar, Jordan Buck, and Rory Sutherland. "The evolution-similarity matrix: an evolutionary psychology perspective on cross-cultural advertising." Innovative Marketing 16, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.16(2).2020.12.
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Corrections to the article made on November 24, 2020 The standardization/adaptation debate in cross-cultural advertising is a topic on which little consensus prevails and which remains heavily discussed. Using evolutionary psychology, this paper presents a typology of advertising cues and explains their cross-cultural relevance and transportability. The paper highlights three distinct categories – human universals (evolved similarities), local adaptations (evolved differences), and local socialization (differences not due to evolution). The paper contributes to advertising theory by providing a meta-framework for the study of cross-cultural similarities and differences in the processing of advertising cues. It further assists advertising practice by delivering a framework aiding in cross-cultural advertising copy decisions. By raising the questions that the paper poses to develop the proposed typology categories, advertisers can identify which advertising cues are malleable by advertising and which are based on innate human preferences and are relatively stable. With that knowledge in hand, advertisers can decide when and to what extent to use a standardization approach versus an adaptation approach.
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Kocaman, Sultan, and Nadire Ozdemir. "Improvement of Disability Rights via Geographic Information Science." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 19, 2020): 5807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145807.
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Rights, legal regulations, and practices often arise from societal and scientific developments, and societal transformations may originate from new legal regulations as well. Basic rights can be re-defined with advancements in science and technology. In such an evolutional loop, where mutual supply is obvious, combined legal and technological frameworks should be exercised and developed for practicing human rights. The main aim of this article is to propose a conceptual and methodological framework for the improvement of disability rights in the light of recent advancements in geographic information science (GIScience), in particular for those with motor disabilities, for whom questions related to “where” are essential. The concept of disability is discussed, considering different aspects, and a new methodological framework is proposed in which Geographic Information Systems (GIS), volunteered geographic information (VGI) and citizen science are at the core. In order to implement the framework at the national and international levels, a spatial data model should be developed first. The new data collection and interpretation approaches based on VGI, citizen science, and machine learning methods may help to realize equal rights for people with motor disabilities, by enabling improved access to education, health, and travel.
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Henneberg, Maciej, and Arthur Saniotis. "Evolutionary origins of human brain and spirituality." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 67, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0003-5548/2009/0032.
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Curatola, Annamaria. "The Contribution of Maria Montessori's Pedagogy and her Educational Action to Modern Inclusive Policies." International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence 7, no. 4 (October 2016): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdldc.2016100103.
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Maria Montessori's influence on modern inclusive policies, in particular in relation to school education, is really remarkable. Her culture, pedagogical intuitions, her institutional projects and her methodological and didactic innovations influenced profoundly our views on education, offering a detailed and original understanding of childhood as the foundation of a mature, critical and democratic society. Maria Montessori's ideas, based on solid philosophical and anthropological grounds, not only found validation by embracing and implementing the achievements of various sciences pertaining to human evolutional development and its social community, but also shed light on research topics that are still object of scholarly attention. This is testified to by the fact that her educational methods are still relevant today, and they can be easily adapted to the change in life conditions and the widespread use of new media technologies. Cooperative work, mutual assistance, individually tailored education, reading, curricular and extracurricular activities, the tailoring of learning environments to the individual pupil, the need to monitor and evaluate learning outcomes, the design and experimentation of teaching, social involvement, use of technological aides, as well as inclusive and integrative education, are but a few of the foundations of her philosophy. Hence the importance of her ideas to this day.
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Salem, Maryam, and Maryam Kheradmand. "Survey of the Active Intellect in Transcendent Theosophy." Comparative Islamic Studies 12, no. 1-2 (August 28, 2019): 139–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cis.35585.
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Mull? ?adr? (1572–1640) can, as we will argue in this article, be considered the greatest philosopher in Islamic world, because he has tried to eliminate the shortcomings of all previous schools. He claimed that man unites with the Active Intellect in the process of his intellectual perception, which is the highest perceptive status of the soul. This union, in its intense form, dissolves the human soul in the Active Intellect. In this theory, Mull? ?adr? assimilates some specific principles which belong only to what Seyyed Hossein Nasr has defined as Transcendent Theosophy: the primacy of existence, graded unity of being, substantial motion, the evolutional motion of the soul in all perceptive steps, the unity of the intellect, the intelligent, and the intellegible and identity of knowledge and being. Since the Active Intellect is the archetype of humanity from Mull? ?adr?’s view, i.e. among the horizontal intellects or the same Platonic Ideas, and there is no plurality in the world of intellect, the main problem raised is how an Active Intellect is distinguished from other intellects, and the human soul is united with and eventually destroyed. Hence, Mull? ?adr?, in his theory of expanded emanation, envisages that the plurality of the universe is due to the quiddity, which is an ideational (?i?tib?ri) thing. Thus, according to him, we can say that the plurality of the world of the intellect is subjective and comes to the fore to justify the relation of God to the world of pluralities; so the theory of intellects is based on the substantive and natural view into the universe, which is the general view of the philosophers; however, the theory of expanded emanation is a particular view of Mull? ?adr?, which is in full harmony with important philosophical foundations of him. The present study tries to explain these issues through Mull? ?adr?’s texts.
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Jarrett, Paul, and Robert Scragg. "Evolution, Prehistory and Vitamin D." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 19, 2020): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020646.
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Aspects of human evolutionary biology and prehistory are discussed in relation to vitamin D. The evolution of hairlessness, combined with the need for efficient eccrine sweat production for cooling, provided evolutionary pressure to protect the skin from ultraviolet damage by developing cutaneous pigmentation. There was a subsequent loss of pigmentation as humans journeyed to northern latitudes. Their increasing mastery of technology outstripped evolution’s finite pace as further dispersal occurred around the globe. A timeline for the development of clothing to provide warmth, and the consequent shielding from ultraviolet light, which diminished vitamin D synthesis, can be inferred by an examination of mutations in the human louse.
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Parmar, Suresh Kumar, Nupur Pruthi, Roopa Ravindranath, Yogitha Ravindranath, Sampath Somanna, and Mariamma Philip. "Anatomical Variations of the Temporomesial Structures in Normal Adult Brain - A Cadaveric Study." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 09, no. 03 (July 2018): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_73_18.
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ABSTRACT Background: Despite significant evolutional, functional, and clinical interest, the anatomical variations of the temporomesial structures in cadaveric samples have received little attention. This study was undertaken to document the anatomical variations observed in the temporal lobe of human brain with emphasis on the structures present in temporomesial region. Materials and Methods: Using 26 postmortem cadaveric cerebral hemispheres (13 right and 13 left hemispheres), several neurosurgically significant mesial structures were studied by blunt dissection under the operating microscope. The observed surface-based qualitative variations and right-left asymmetries were tabulated under well-defined, moderately defined, and ill-defined classification. Results: Among the areas, uncus (100%), limen insulae (88.4%), rhinal sulcus and hippocampus (81%), intralimbic gyrus (77%), Heschl's gyrus (73%), gyrus ambiens, semilunar gyrus, sulcus semiannularis, and calcar avis (69.2%) were well defined, and band of Giacomini (38.4%) was found to be distinctly ill-defined areas in the list. Further, our analysis confirmed the presence of consistent left-greater-than-right asymmetry in all the areas of interest in temporal region under well-defined category. Rightward asymmetry was noticed in moderately defined and ill-defined classification. However, no asymmetry was detected in the uncal region. P value for all the obtained results was >0.05. Conclusion: Our study offers a preliminary anatomic foundation toward the better understanding of temporal lobe structures. These variations may prove valuable to neurosurgeons when designing the appropriate and least traumatic surgical approaches in operating the temporomesial lesions.
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Nazirah Roslan, Teh Raihana, and Mohd Salmi Md Noorani. "Analysis of Polynucleotide Sequences for Fuzzy Genomes: A Juxtaposition of Two Fuzzy Approaches." Journal of Social Sciences Research, SPI6 (December 25, 2018): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.670.675.
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The Human Genome Project is the resplendence of the bioinformatics field, especially in health and medicine. It involves research regarding complete nucleotide sequences of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in human’s chromosome. The primary structure of DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) consist of nucleotide construction which became polynucleotide when combined. In reality, genetic research field requires huge biological data, and most of the data are vague with various characteristics. Most of them are incomplete and complex from evolutional, functional, adaptability and other traits. The theory of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic offers modelling methods in uncertainties and various computational techniques for decision making. This research aims to find similarity, difference, equality and identity between polynucleotide sequences using the concept of fuzzy metric space and fuzzy set theory. The Sadegh-Zadeh fuzzy polynucleotide space (RSZ) is being compared with the Torres and Nieto fuzzy polynucleotide space (RTN) in search of the best approach to analyse polynucleotide sequences. Research methods involve data collection of complete genome sequences for homologous species pairs, construction of the RSZ and RTN models, and data analysis. Outputs from RSZ and RTN are then compared with outputs from the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) for validation purposes from the bioinformatics field. Results show that outputs from both approaches are against each other, and RTN executes outputs that are nearest to the outputs from BLAST. Thus, RTN is the best fuzzy approach to compare complete genome sequences for species pairs.
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Fuentes, Agustin. "Human niche, human behaviour, human nature." Interface Focus 7, no. 5 (August 18, 2017): 20160136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0136.
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The concept of a ‘human nature’ or ‘human natures’ retains a central role in theorizing about the human experience. In Homo sapiens it is clear that we have a suite of capacities generated via our evolutionary past, and present, and a flexible capacity to create and sustain particular kinds of cultures and to be shaped by them. Regardless of whether we label these capacities ‘human natures’ or not, humans occupy a distinctive niche and an evolutionary approach to examining it is critical. At present we are faced with a few different narratives as to exactly what such an evolutionary approach entails. There is a need for a robust and dynamic theoretical toolkit in order to develop a richer, and more nuanced, understanding of the cognitively sophisticated genus Homo and the diverse sorts of niches humans constructed and occupied across the Pleistocene, Holocene, and into the Anthropocene. Here I review current evolutionary approaches to ‘human nature’, arguing that we benefit from re-framing our investigations via the concept of the human niche and in the context of the extended evolutionary synthesis (EES). While not a replacement of standard evolutionary approaches, this is an expansion and enhancement of our toolkit. I offer brief examples from human evolution in support of these assertions.
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Lewens, Tim. "Human nature, human culture: the case of cultural evolution." Interface Focus 7, no. 5 (August 18, 2017): 20170018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0018.
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In recent years, far from arguing that evolutionary approaches to our own species permit us to describe the fundamental character of human nature, a prominent group of cultural evolutionary theorists has instead argued that the very idea of ‘human nature’ is one we should reject. It makes no sense, they argue, to speak of human nature in opposition to human culture. The very same sceptical arguments have also led some thinkers—usually from social anthropology—to dismiss the intimately related idea that we can talk of human culture in opposition to human nature. How, then, are we supposed to understand the cultural evolutionary project itself, whose proponents seem to deny the distinction between human nature and human culture, while simultaneously relying on a closely allied distinction between ‘genetic’ (or sometimes ‘organic’) evolution and ‘cultural’ evolution? This paper defends the cultural evolutionary project against the charge that, in refusing to endorse the concept of human nature, it has inadvertently sabotaged itself.
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Greenfield, Leonard O. "Unicausal theories of human canine evolution: Are they sufficient?" Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie 78, no. 2 (November 30, 1990): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zma/78/1990/155.
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Smail, Harem othman. "Evolution of human diseases." International Journal of Applied Biology 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijab.v4i1.9914.
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The main aims of this review were to understand the roles of evolutionary process in human disease. The suffering of human from disease may be millions years ago and until now are continuing and the human disease can be classified into many types based on their sources such as bacterial, Genetics and viral. For the past sixty years the scientist carried out high number of experiment to understand and the decision of the evolutionary process impact of the human disease. the main example of effect of evolution on the human health are using overuse of antibiotics against bacterial infection and the results to the speedy evolution of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics such that even vancomycin. The process of natural selection which is proposed by Charles Darwin play vital roles in Biological and medical process and also helps to predict and find the relationship between natural selection process of evolution and phenotypical traits. Understanding the developmental and genetic underpinnings of unique evolutionary changes have been hindered by way of insufficient databases of evolutionary anatomy and through the lack of a computational method to become aware of underlying candidate genes and regulators to the developing o the process of the evolution with helps of other branches of modern sciences such as genetics, Bioinformatics, epidemiology, ecology, microbiology, molecular biology and biochemistry.
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Rein, Thomas R., and Katerina Harvati. "Geometric Morphometrics and Virtual Anthropology: Advances in human evolutionary studies." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 71, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2014): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0003-5548/2014/0385.
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