Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human evolutional

Academic literature on the topic 'Human evolutional'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Human evolutional"

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Tytyk, Edwin. "Evolutional background for humanizing technology." Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing 14, no. 3 (2004): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.10063.

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Pidpala, O. V., and L. L. Lukash. "The analisis of human MGMT gene orthologous in protests." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 22 (September 9, 2018): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v22.973.

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Aim. The intron sequences of orthologous О6-methylguanin-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) genes in Protists on the early stages of their formation in eukaryotic organisms have been analysed. Methods. Homologous regions have been defined by the program BLASTN 2.6.1. Nucleotide sequences of the bacterial and mitochondrial group II introns have been taken from Database for Bacterial Group II Introns. Searching and identifying the MGEs have been realized by using CENSOR. Results. It has been shown that the evolution of the gene does not always coincide with the evolution of the organism. This is shown on the example of intron loss and gain in social amoebae Dictyostelium. Also it has been found the fragmentary nature of homology between various introns and exons of the orthologous genes. Conclusions. The obtained results allow offer a suggestion about the endogenous mosaic character of the evolutional formation of the gene structural units. Keywords: О6-methylguanin-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene orthologous, Protists, gene evolution, spliceosomal introns, intron loss and gain.
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Yang, Cheng Zhong, and Xiao Shi Zheng. "A Video Characteristics Watermarking Algorithm Based on Bees Evolutional Computation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (June 2014): 796–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.796.

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Digital video watermarking is an efficient way of copyright protection. A robust watermarking was proposed that ccording to the video features using the evolutional method of video image classification processing, suitable for video performance and human visual characteristics of video watermarking, and put forward a kind of using Bees evolutional algorithm for video image classification processing of video watermarking algorithm. All the key frame numbers are converts to a binary matrix after data transformation. At last the binary image is produced. From this, the watermarking image reflects the video’s features, so it is effective to resist the watermark copy attack.
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Kamohara, Sinichi, Yutaka Ichinose, Takashi Takeda, and Hideyuki Takagi. "Construction of Virtual Reality System for Arm Wrestling with Interactive Evolutional Computing." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 12, no. 1 (February 20, 2000): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2000.p0048.

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We developed arm wrestling between users and virtual robots and are working on control rule acquisition. For control human-like rules, we use interactive evolutional computing (EC) in which control rules are interactively acquired by computer and control is calculated by the user arm wrestling with the robot. We evaluated arm wrestling with interactive EC and acquiring human-like rules during virtual arm wrestling.
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TZEN, CHIN-YUAN, and TSU-YEN WU. "Evolutional Analysis in Determining Pathogenic versus Nonpathogenic Mutations of ATPase 6 in Human Mitochondriopathy." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1042, no. 1 (May 2005): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1338.002.

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Moroz, Volodymyr. "Normative character of the principles of Social doctrine of Catholic Church: an evolutional way of formation." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 71-72 (November 4, 2014): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2014.71-72.440.

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The article of Volodymyr Moroz ―Normative character of the principles of Social doctrine of Catholic Church: an evolutional way of formation - is devoted to the analysis of Catholic Church’s Teaching over the human dignity. Author explores also the process of settling of the principles of common good, subsidiarity and solidarity in the Teaching of Catholic Church. Mentioned principles are investigated in the case of orientation to provide a reverence to transcendent human dignity. Author sums up that all three principles have normative character. That is to say the principles are called to guarantee certain coordination between the social reality and the verities, which were declared by the Social doctrine of the Church.
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Dyk, Wiesław. "Bioetyka między jakością i świętością życia." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2003): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2003.1.1.11.

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The aim of the article above is an attempt of the natural approach of based categories of bioethics, namely quality of life, the value of human life, and the sanctity of life (the quality of life makes its sanctity). By thorough analysis, in the biological aspect of goodness and evil and by study the emerging of rational and free (human) Being in the evolutional perspective the effort of showing of uniqueness, specificity, and immunity of a human person is undertaken. The analysis tends toward creating a basis for bioethical valuation. Bioethics as interdisciplinary science has to be based on interdisciplinary anthropology taking into account the ontic-existential structure of human beings.
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Onnekikami, Eluojor A., and Paul C. Okpala. "Human Resource Policies and Practices: Evaluating and Reviewing the Contemporary Recruiting Process." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v6i1.9237.

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The main purpose of this article is to have an overview of Human Resource (HR) policies and practices, especially as it relates to the contemporary and evolutional process of talent recruitment. The article encompasses an overview of HR general policies and practices including the selection process, applications, background checks, substantive selection, interviews; the contingent selection process and what to do after the job offer. In short, organizations are decreasing the use of external recruiting companies or agencies and are now often counting on their own HR professionals for talent search. For instance, internal HR professionals are now utilizing different online tools such as job boards, LinkedIn and social media to discover ideal job candidates and these popular platforms have proven invaluable in the modern recruiting process.
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Kumar, Pardeep. "Revisiting the Controlling Function in Multinational Corporations: A Critical Review of Literature." FOCUS: Journal of International Business 9, no. 1 (2022): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17492/jpi.focus.v9i1.912207.

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The complexities of managing multinational corporations (MNCs) have been increasing over a period of time. Developing a new controlling model for MNCs is critical and is required for their effective management. This paper analyses the ‘evolutionary theory of multinational corporation’ as well as the ‘business network theory’. Exploring the ‘Evolutional model of controlling’ based on multi-factor analysis, the paper examines the assumptions of the controlling concept, and wherever possible, redefines them. It extends the approach by incorporating additional functions and features including reverse knowledge transfer and measuring controlling effectiveness. Additional indirect parameters for the effective measurement of controlling are analysed. The drawbacks of controlling are mentioned and gaps are identified to develop a new model of controlling. The newer model is based on management approaches, decision making theory and an analogy of the human nervous system.
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Evtukov, Stanislav, Egor Golov, and Tatiana Sazonova. "Prospects of scientific research in the field of active and passive safety of vehicles." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823904018.

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Road traffic injuries cause colossal socio-economic damage to the society as a whole and irreplaceable losses for injured persons and their relatives. Huge amount of road and transport accidents are caused by human error. The paper studies statistics of road accident rate and influence of human factor on safety. In connection with revealed direct dependence of accident rate and the severity of its consequences on the driver errors, the evolutional path from vehicles without automation of any functions to entirely autonomous vehicles is considered in the paper. In continuation of the dynamic evolution of vehicles, the perspectives for the development of active and passive safety of vehicles are proposed. Reducing the need for full or partial control of a car by the driver provides ample opportunities for people with disabilities to use them, which is an additional incentive to the development of autonomous vehicles. Due to the existing difficulties caused by the unavailability of either road users or legislative or regulatory authorities for switching to autonomous vehicles, there may be scientific and related problems in their implementation in the Russian transport system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human evolutional"

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Oesch, Nathaniel Tillman. "The adaptive significance of human language : function, form and social evolution." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:134cde61-703b-4ff4-8ba0-a921fa287775.

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Language is arguably one of the most salient features that distinguish humans from other animal species. However, despite the existence of a large body of relevant theoretical and empirical research, there is currently no consensus as to why language emerged exclusively in the human species or how it evolved its unique communicative structure. In this thesis, I therefore take a multi-pronged approach to analysing and testing several different hypotheses for the biological function and evolution of language. In Chapter I, I review the evidence and theoretical arguments for each of these proposals and provide, in place, a synthetic perspective which integrates or eliminates each of these ostensibly competing hypotheses for the biological function of language. In Chapter II, I employ the first experimental test of the interdependence hypothesis: the unique proposal offered to explain the emergence and potential coevolution of language and cooperation in the human species. In pursuit of this experiment, I employed a cooperative social foraging task using small and large groups to determine what factors enable individuals to make sense of information from others and converge upon a group consensus. In Chapter III, I take an experimental approach to determine whether aspects of human language can be characterised in terms of honest signalling theory. In this respect, I test several different proposals predicted by the sexual selection and deception hypotheses for human language function. In Chapter IV, I divert attention away from biological function to focus more closely on language structure. More specifically, I take an experimental approach to the problem of how and indeed whether recursive syntax evolved to be a consistent feature of human language. In pursuit of this experiment, I utilized the Imposing Memory Task (IMT) and a recursive syntax measure, to determine relative performance on each of these cognitive tasks, thereby testing whether recursive syntax may have evolved in tandem with higher-order intentionality (also known as embedded mindreading). Finally, in Chapter V, I discuss the results and implications of these experiments, and possible suggestions for future studies.
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Whittle, Patrick Michael. "Why egalitarians should embrace Darwinism: a critical defence of Peter Singer's a Darwinian left." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8036.

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Despite most educated people now accepting Darwinian explanations for human physical evolution, many of these same people remain reluctant to accept similar accounts of human behavioural or cognitive evolution. Leftists in particular often assume that our evolutionary history now has little bearing on modern human social behaviour, and that cultural processes have taken over from the biological imperatives at work elsewhere in nature. The leftist view of human nature still largely reflects that of Karl Marx, who believed that our nature is moulded solely by prevailing social and cultural conditions, and that, moreover, our nature can be completely changed by totally changing society. Ethical philosopher Peter Singer challenges this leftist view, arguing that the left must replace its non-Darwinian view of an infinitely malleable human nature with the more accurate scientific account now made possible by modern Darwinian evolutionary science. Darwinism, Singer suggests, could then be used as a source of new ideas and new approaches that could revive and revitalise the egalitarian left. This thesis defends and develops Singer’s arguments for a Darwinian left. It shows that much modern leftist opposition to evolutionary theory is misguided, and that Darwinism does not necessarily have the egregious political implications so often assumed by the egalitarian left – even in such controversial areas as possible ‘biological’ differences between the sexes or between different human populations.
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Ásmundsdóttir, Ragnheidur Diljá. "Effect of ascertainment bias on calculations of sex-biased admixture in Southern Africa." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447738.

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Southern African populations harbour great genetic diversity enhanced by  population migration to the area in the last two millennia. Africa is perhaps the least studied continent in regards to population genetics and is often underrepresented in global studies. Studying sex-biased admixture in admixed populations is a great tool to understand population demographic history as well as sex-biased admixture from past events. Various studies on sex-biased admixture in Southern Africa have shown male sex-biased admixture from the incoming Bantu-speaking populations. One study by Hollfelder (2018) shows female Bantu-speaking sex-biased admixture. Here I will try to determine if ascertainment bias is the cause of the unexpected results in Hollfelder (2018). I will do this by comparing the original results, genotyped using the Illumina Omni 2.5M Array, to overlapping SNPs in two different arrays, the Affymetrix Human Origin Array and the Infinium H3Africa Consortium Array. Additionally, I will use whole genome data containing same individuals and individuals from similar populations to form a hypothesis on how the sex-biased admixture should look like without ascertainment. Then extracting variants from the whole genome data to two array SNP panels, the Illumina 2.5M Array and the Infinium H3Africa Consortium Array. For both parts in my project a method by Goldberg and Rosenberg (2015) will be used to calculate female and male contribution from admixture proportions of the X-chromosome and the autosomes estimated using the software ADMIXTURE. The results obtained could not determine if ascertainment bias was the sole factor skewing the results. The overlap with the Affymetrix Human Origin Array showed results closest to expected results based on previous studies, suggesting that ascertainment bias likely affects the results. The results attained using the whole genome indicated that the genotype calls of individuals present in both parts of the study did not fully match and that was confirmed using a principal component analysis. Unfortunatly the data used and analytical limitations in this project did not yield answers to how ascertainment bias affects calculations on sex-biased admixture. The X-chromosome is difficult to work with, especially when using data from multiple publications, as there is no standard common best-practice pipeline available on how to process the data leading to different data sets having been treated differently, which possibly affects downstream analysis when combining data sets.
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Sefcek, Jon Adam. "A Life-History Model of Human Fitness Indicators." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194693.

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Recent adaptationist accounts of human mental and physical health have reinvigorated the debate over the evolution of human intelligence. In the tradition of strong inference the current study was developed to determine which hypothesis; Rushton’s (2000) differential K theory, or Miller’s (2000a) fitness indicator model (F), better accounts for general intelligence ('g') in an undergraduate university population (N = 194). Due to the lengthy administration time of the test materials a newly developed 18-item short form of the Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM-18; Sefcek, Miller, & Figueredo, 2007) was used. There was a significant positive relationship between K and F (r = .31, p < .001), however no significant relationships were found between 'g' and either K or F (for each, r = -.06, p ≥ .05). While contrary to both hypotheses, these results may be explained in relation to antagonistic pleiotropy and a potential failure to derive within species comparisons directly from between species comparisons.
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Gers, Matt. "Human culture and cognition : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophy /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/320.

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Ingman, Max. "Mitochondria and Human Evolution." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3580.

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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been a potent tool in studies of the evolution of modern humans, human migrations and the dynamics of human populations over time. The popularity of this cytoplasmic genome has largely been due to its clonal inheritance (in Man) allowing the tracing of a direct genetic line. In addition, a comparatively high rate of nucleotide substitution facilitates phylogenetic resolution among relatively closely related individuals of the same species.

In this thesis, a statistically supported phylogeny based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences is presented which, for the first time, unambiguously places the root of modern human mitochondrial lineages in Africa in the last 200 thousand years. This conclusion provides strong support for the “recent African origin” hypothesis. Also, the complete genome data underline the problematic nature of traditional approaches to analyses of mitochondrial phylogenies.

The dispersal of anatomically modern humans from the African continent is examined through single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and sequence data. These data imply an expansion from Africa about 57 thousand years ago and a subsequent population dispersal into Asia. The dispersal coincides with a major population division that may be the result of multiple migratory routes to East Asia.

Also investigated is the question of a common origin for the indigenous peoples of Australia and New Guinea. Previous studies have been equivocal on this question with some presenting evidence for a common genetic origin and other proposing separate histories. Our data reveals an ancient genetic link between Australian Aborigines and the peoples of the New Guinea highlands.

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Medeiros, André Luís dos Santos. "Tendências na mortalidade por batida de carro em três grandes cidades do Brasil e a Síndrome do macho jovem." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3853.

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Vários estudos encontraram maiores taxas de mortalidade por batidas no trânsito entre homens do que entre mulheres e entre homens jovens do que entre homens mais velhos. No entanto, há uma lacuna quanto a explicações para essas diferenças. Esse estudo, diferentemente dos antecessores, parte de hipóteses postuladas a priori, sobre como devem variar as taxas de mortalidade por batidas no trânsito, de acordo com sexo e idade. Espera-se encontrar a presença e ausência de certas associações e interações, com base na teoria moderna da seleção sexual aplicada ao estudo do comportamento humano, especificamente, a síndrome do macho jovem. O objetivo do presente estudo é comparar tendências nas taxas de mortalidade por batida de carro e moto segundo sexo e idade. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico com Estado como unidade geográfica de análise e o ano calendário como unidade temporal de análise. A população do estudo foi composta por homens e mulheres de 18 a 60 anos residentes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre 2004 e 2010, e no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, entre os anos de 2001 e 2010. Os resultados mostraram que o número de mortes por batida de carro e de moto, considerando o número de habilitados para guiar tais veículos, foi maior em homens do que em mulheres e em indivíduos mais jovens do que mais velhos. Além dessa interessante congruência entre os resultados encontrados e as hipóteses postuladas, descobrimos uma intrigante exceção: no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a taxa de mortalidade por batida de moto foi consideravelmente maior em mulheres do que em homens. As tendências nas taxas de mortalidade por batida de carro e moto no Estado do Rio de Janeiro vêm apresentando uma queda nos últimos anos. No Rio Grande do Sul, as taxas de mortalidade por batida de moto também vêm caindo ao longo dos anos, enquanto que as taxas de mortalidade por batida de carro vêm apresentando aumento. Tais resultados levam a concluir que a Síndrome do Macho Jovem parece ser uma potente e promissora teoria para ajudar a postular hipóteses sobre o risco de morte no trânsito.
Several studies have found higher rates of mortality in traffic crash among men than among women and among young men than among older men. However, there is a gap concerning explanations for these differences. In this study, unlike predecessors, hypotheses were postulated a priori, on how rates of mortality due to crashes in traffic should vary, according to sex and age. We expected to find the presence and absence of certain associations and interactions, based on the modern theory of sexual selection applied to the study of human behavior, specifically, the "young male syndrome." The aim of this study is to compare trends in mortality rates from car and motorcycle crashes according to sex and age. It is an ecological study with the state as the geographical unit of analysis and the calendar year as the temporal unit of analysis. The study population was composed of 18-60 years old men and women residing in the State of Rio de Janeiro, between 2004 and 2010, and in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, between the years 2001 and 2010. The results have shown that the number of deaths from car and motorcycle crashes considering the number of qualified people to drive such vehicles was higher in men than in women and in younger than older people. In addition to the interesting congruence between the findings and hypotheses postulated, we discovered an intriguing exception: at the state of Rio de Janeiro, the mortality rate from motorcycle crash was considerably higher in women than in men. Trends in mortality rates from car and motorcycle crashes in the state of Rio de Janeiro have shown a decline in recent years. In Rio Grande do Sul, the mortality rates from motorcycle crashes have also been falling over the years, while mortality rates from car crashes have increased. These results lead to conclude that the "Young Male Syndrome" seems to be a powerful and promising theory to help postulating hypotheses about the risk of death in traffic.
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El, Mouden Claire M. "The evolution of cooperation, especially in humans." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2ebc0b15-d745-48d8-bb5a-a4d83b3304ed.

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I develop social evolution theory to study the evolution of cooperation as follows: (1) Many organisms undergo a dispersal phase prior to breeding; I demonstrate that knowing ones dispersal status aids the evolution of helping (by non-dispersers) and harming (by dispersers). (2) Policing driven by group-benefits may be selected to enforce cooperation in human and animal societies. I extend existing theory to show that policing may be harder to evolve that previously thought, but that it is maintained more readily than it evolves. (3) Archeological and anthropological evidence suggests that warfare was prevalent during our evolution. I show that, contrary to previous suggestions, between-group competition can favour any social behaviour (pro-social or anti-social) so long as it helps the group compete, and that such traits can be altruistic or mutually beneficial. (4) Reproductive leveling is analogous to policing; in the human literature there is doubt as to whether it can evolve. I extend my previous work to consider the coevolution of culturally and genetically inherited traits for reproductive leveling and selfishness. I find that cooperation can evolve between non-kin if they share the same culture. (5) Monogamy is thought to favour the evolution of cooperative breeding. I show that in the simplest case, because of the cost of competition between non-dispersing siblings, the level of promiscuity has little or no effect on the evolution of cooperation. (6) Spatial structure (limited dispersal) is thought to favour the evolution of inter-specific mutualisms as it aligns the partners’ interests. I consider the case of plant-fungi mutualisms and show that spatial structure can disfavour cooperation if it limits the potential fungal partners available to the plant.
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Giner, Delgado Carla. "Large-scale evolutionary analysis of polymorphic inversions in the human genome." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/459114.

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Les inversions cromosòmiques són variants estructurals on un fragment de genoma s'inverteix sense canviar-ne el contingut, i durant anys, els seus efectes subtils però importants han fascinat els biòlegs evolutius. De fet, les inversions van ser descobertes per primer cop fa cent anys en mosques de la fruita, i aviat es va fer evident la seva associació a processos evolutius com l'adaptació local i l'especiació. Tot i així, en el moment en què vivim de la genòmica i el big data, les inversions tendeixen a quedar fora de l'abast de les tecnologies més comunes i encara se sap poc d'elles. Durant els últims anys, el Projecte InvFEST ha tingut com a objectiu ampliar el nostre coneixement sobre les inversions humanes mitjançant la validació i genotipació d'una gran part de les inversions predites. En concret, aquest projecte ha generat un recurs molt útil format per 45 inversions comunes (d'entre 83 pb i 415 kpb) amb genotips d'alta qualitat per a un total de 550 individus de set poblacions diverses. En aquesta tesi s'utilitzen les dades poblacionals generades, junt amb les seqüències del Projecte 1000 Genomes, per a realitzar la primera anàlisi detallada de les propietats evolutives de les inversions polimòrfiques humanes. Per aconseguir-ho, s'han fet servir diferents mètodes que combinen models teòrics, simulacions i comparacions amb altres tipus de mutacions. A part d'obtenir una caracterització completa de les dades, els resultats confirmen que hi ha diferències importants entre inversions generades per diferents mecanismes. La distribució de freqüències de les 21 inversions creades per mecanismes no homòlegs (NH) és semblant a l'esperada per a variants neutres si es controlen els biaixos en la detecció, indicant que no es troben sota una forta selecció negativa. La recombinació s'inhibeix en tota la longitud de la inversió, sense que s'observi cap intercanvi de variants entre orientacions, i la inhibició podria estendre's alguna kilobase més enllà dels punts de trencament. Com a resultat, els nivells de variació genòmica es veuen força afectats per les inversions NH, tal i com prediuen les simulacions realitzades. Mentre que les inversions antigues i a freqüències intermèdies augmenten la variació nucleotídica, les inversions més recents poden crear l'efecte contrari. En canvi, la majoria de les inversions creades per recombinació homòloga no al·lèlica (NAHR) (19/24) han aparegut múltiples vegades de manera independent en diferents haplotips de la mostra. Els elevats nivells de recurrència es reflecteixen en diferents mesures: aquestes inversions estan enriquides en freqüències intermèdies, comparteixen polimorfismes nucleotídics entre orientacions, i es troben en baix desequilibri de lligament amb variants properes, dificultant-ne la seva detecció indirecta amb variants correlacionades. Finalment, per tal de trobar aquelles inversions candidates a tenir efectes funcionals, s'han explorat diverses senyals de selecció natural a partir de freqüències, diferenciació poblacional i patrons de variació nucleotídica. S'han identificat deu inversions candidates, tres d'elles de més de 1.5 milions d'anys i mantingudes a freqüències intermèdies, possiblement per selecció equilibradora, una d'elles també es troba a genomes d'hominins antics. Altres candidates sembla que han augmentat ràpidament de freqüència en algunes poblacions, que és consistent amb selecció positiva. Cal destacar que més de la meitat de candidates estan situades en regions gèniques, el qual suggereix que poden tenir un efecte funcional. Per tant, aquest treball ofereix una visió global de la dinàmica de les inversions i el seu paper com modificadors genòmics, obrint noves línies d'investigació.
Chromosomal inversions are structural variants that invert a fragment of the genome without usually modifying its content, and their subtle but powerful effects in natural populations have fascinated evolutionary biologists for a long time. Discovered a century ago in fruit flies, their association with different evolutionary processes, such as local adaptation and speciation, was soon evident in several species. However, in the current era of genomics and big data, inversions frequently escape the grasp of current technologies and remain largely overlooked in humans. During the last few years, the InvFEST Project has aimed to address the missing knowledge about human inversions by validating and genotyping a large fraction of predicted polymorphisms. In particular, it has generated one of the most useful data sets on human inversions, consisting of 45 common inversions (with sizes from 83 bp to 415 kbp) genotyped at high-quality in 550 individuals of seven populations of diverse ancestry. This thesis takes advantage of the available population-scale information, combined with whole-genome sequences available from the 1000 Genomes Project, to carry out the first detailed analysis of the evolutionary properties of human polymorphic inversions. The methods used combine theoretical models, simulations and empirical comparisons with other mutation types. Besides the complete characterization of the data set, the results confirm fundamental differences between inversions created by different mechanisms. The frequency distribution of the 21 inversions originated by non-homologous mechanisms (NH) is similar to that expected for neutral variants when controlling for detection biases, which indicates that they are not subjected to strong negative selection. Recombination is completely inhibited across the whole inversion length, with no clear genetic exchange found, and possibly over a few kbp beyond the breakpoints. As a result, NH inversions strongly affect local genome variation levels, as predicted by computer simulations, with older inversions increasing total nucleotide diversity, while younger ones at very high frequency could have the opposite effect. In contrast, most inversions created by non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) (19/24) have appeared independently in different haplotypes in the sample. These high recurrence levels are reflected in several measures: they are enriched in intermediate frequencies, share multiple nucleotide polymorphisms between orientations, and have little linkage disequilibrium with neighbouring variants, which limits their detection by tag SNP strategies. Finally, in order to find inversions that are functional candidates, different signatures of selection on inversions were explored based on their frequencies, population differentiation and sequence variation patterns. Ten candidates were revealed, with three of them found to be >1.5 million years old and maintained at intermediate frequencies, possibly by balancing selection. One of these was also found in archaic hominins. Other candidates seem to have reached high frequencies in a short period of time in some populations, consistent with positive selection. Notably, over half of the candidates are located within gene regions, which suggests that they may have functional effects. Thus, this work offers an overview of inversion dynamics and their role as genomic modifiers, opening interesting avenues of investigation.
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Starkman, Sofie Elisabeth. "The molecular evolution and origins of hepatitis B virus in humans and non-human primates." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30784.

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The main aim of this thesis is to investigate the molecular evolution of human and non-human primate HBV to gain further insights into the origin of HBV in these species. This investigation was carried out in three main sections. The first comprised an extensive and detailed genetic analysis of the distribution of human HBV genotypes in HBV endemic areas in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia. In the second section complete genome sequences of HBV variants were analysed for recombination between different HBV genotypes. This analysis included the use of a novel method based on the calculation of association scores for phylogenetic groups, an approach that helps resolve much of the uncertainties and difficulties of interpretation of results arising from conventional methods, such as SimPlot. The third section investigated the frequencies of BHV infection in non-human primates, and the relationship between HBV genotype, primate species and geographical range. In my survey, HBV infection was confined to African and Asian apes, and uniformly absent from a wide range of African monkey species. Phylogenetic analysis of chimpanzee-, gibbon- and orang-utan-derived HBV variants indicated that a geographical rather than a species correlation with genotypes, implying the co-circulation and cross-species transmission of HBV between species of overlapping habitats. However, in no cases were primate-associated HBV variants found in humans, nor human genotypes in non-human primates. These findings and the interspersed nature of human and non-human primate HBV genotypes deepens the mystery of HBV origins and evolution in humans. The findings, however, provide a context for ongoing studies of HBV biological variability and genotype-associated differences in pathogenicity and outcomes of infection.
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Books on the topic "Human evolutional"

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Cameron, Don. The purpose of life: Human purpose and morality from an evolutionary perspective. Bristol: Woodhill, 2001.

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Barrett, Louise. Human evolutionary psychology. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002.

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Evolutionary psychology: The science of human behavior and evolution. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley, 2003.

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Rossano, Matthew J. Evolutionary psychology: The science of human behavior and evolution. Bethesda, MD: Fitzgerald Science Press, 2002.

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Rushton, J. Philippe. Race, evolution, & behavior. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers, 1999.

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Lemos, John. Commonsense darwinism: Evolution, morality, and the human condition. Chicago, Ill: Open Court, 2008.

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Yamamoto, Kaoru. Too clever for our own good: Hidden facets of human evolution. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2007.

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Brown, George D. Human evolution. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown Publishers, 1995.

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Bilsborough, Alan. Human evolution. Glasgow: Blackie, 1989.

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1947-, Stringer Chris, and British Museum (Natural History), eds. Human evolution. London: British Museum (Natural History), 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human evolutional"

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Rao, Bhanoji. "Human evolution." In Human Evolution, Economic Progress and Evolutionary Failure, 27–36. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge studies in the modern world economy ; 166: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315200002-3.

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Bard, Jonathan. "Human Evolution 3: the Origins of Modern Humans." In Evolution, 363–80. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429346217-30.

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Eldredge, Niles. "Human Triangles." In Evolutionary Psychology, 91–110. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0267-8_5.

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Vogel, Friedrich, and Arno G. Motulsky. "Human Evolution." In Human Genetics, 512–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02489-8_8.

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Agutter, Paul S., and Denys N. Wheatley. "Human Evolution." In About Life, 195–208. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5418-1_17.

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Benton, Michael J. "Human Evolution." In Vertebrate Palaeontology, 363–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2865-8_11.

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Hofreiter, Michael. "Human Evolution." In Vogel and Motulsky's Human Genetics, 529–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-37654-5_20.

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Ellis, John. "Human Evolution." In How Science Works: Evolution, 141–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7749-0_8.

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Patanella, Daniel. "Human Evolution." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 759–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_1398.

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Vogel, Friedrich, and Arno G. Motulsky. "Human Evolution." In Human Genetics, 583–621. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03356-2_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human evolutional"

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Цетлин, Ю. Б. "HISTORICAL-AND-EVOLUTIONAL DIRECTION OF POTTERY PRODUCTION INVESTIGATION." In Вестник "История керамики". Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2020.978-5-94375-316-9.33-52.

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В статье на основании этнографических, археологических и экспериментальных данных обобщены современные представления об эволюции некоторых сторон гончарного производства: 1 – форм сосудов, 2 – декора сосудов, 3 – глинистого сырья, 4 – составов формовочной массы, 5 – технологии конструирования сосудов, 6 – функций гончарного круга, 7 – приемов обжига сосудов и 8 – теплотехнических устройств для их обжига. Выделены закономерности этих процессов на уровне макроэволюции, мезоэволюции и микроэволюции. In the article the author regards modern data on the evolution of vessel shapes, their decoration, main plastic raw material, pottery paste, techniques of vessel construction, potter’s wheel functions, ways of pottery firing and devices for firing. The development of these sides of pottery can be seen on three qualitatively different levels: macroevolution, mesoevolution, and microevolution. The abovedescribed patterns of evolution in pottery production clearly demonstrate that its development is a complicated systematically organized process in the history of mankind. This doesn’t conflict with multiple specific pottery traditions of different nations in different epochs. On the contrary, through their variety trends and patterns in this sphere of human culture were revealed.
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Keršič, Vid. "Interactive Evolutionary Computation Approach to Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling Problem." In 7th Student Computer Science Research Conference. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-516-0.8.

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Artificial intelligence and its subfields have be-come part of our everyday lives and eÿciently solve many problems that are very hard for us humans. But in some tasks, these methods strug-gle, while we, humans, are much better solvers with our intuition. Because of that, the ques-tion arises: why not combine intelligent methods with human skills and intuition? This paper pro-poses an Interactive Evolutionary Computation approach to the Permutation Flow Shop Schedul-ing Problem by incorporating human-in-the-loop in MAX-MIN Ant System through gamification of the problem. The analysis shows that combin-ing the evolutionary computation approach and human-in-the-loop leads to better solutions, sig-nificantly when the complexity of the problem in-creases.
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Kenyon, R. V., and J. Leigh. "Human Augmentics: Augmenting human evolution." In 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091667.

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Fujimoto, Kousuke, Kei Ohnishi, and Tomohiro Yoshikawa. "The human-based evolutionary computation system enabling us to follow the solution evolution." In GECCO '18: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3205651.3208764.

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Guo, Dongwei, Hailong Xing, Fangcai Fu, and Miao Liu. "Improvement of Evolution on Evolutionary Set Theory Based on Public Goods Game Using CUDA." In 2014 6th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ihmsc.2014.16.

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Goinski, Adam. "Evolutionary surface reconstruction." In 2008 Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2008.4581483.

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Tokumaru, Kumon. "The Three Stage Digital Evolution of Linguistic Humans." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.12-2.

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Digital Linguistics (DL) is an interdisciplinary study that identifies human language as a digital evolution of mammal analog vocal sign communications, founded on the vertebrate spinal sign reflex mechanism [Tokumaru 2017 a/b, 2018 a/b/c/d]. Analog signs are unique with their physical sound waveforms but limited in number, whilst human digital word signs are infinite by permutation of their logical property, phonemes. The first digital evolution took place 66,000 years ago with South African Neolithic industries, Howiesons Poort, when linguistic humans acquired a hypertrophied mandibular bone to house a descended larynx for vowel accented syllables containing logical properties of phonemes and morae. Morae made each syllable distinctive in the time axis and enabled grammatical modulation by alternately transmitting conceptual and grammatical syllables. The sign reflex mechanism is an unconscious self-protection and life-support mechanism, operated by immune cell networks inside the ventricle system. DL identified cellular and molecular structures for the sign (=concept) device as a B lymphocyte (or, in other words, Mobile Ad-Hoc Networking Neuron), connects to sensory, conceptual and networking memories, which consist of its meanings [Table 1]. Its antibodies can network with antigens of CSF-Contacting Neurons at the brainstem reticular formation and of Microglia cells at the neocortex [Figure 1]. It is plausible that the 3D structure of the antigen molecule takes the shape of word sound waveform multiplexing intensity and pitch, and that specifically pairing the antibody molecule consists of three CDRs (Complementality Defining Regions) in the Antibody Variable Region network with the logic of dichotomy and dualism. As sign reflex deals with survival issues such as food, safety and reproduction, it is stubborn, passive and inflexible: It does not spontaneously look for something new, and it is not designed to revise itself. These characteristics are not desirable for the development of human intelligence, and thus are to be overcome. All the word, sensory and network memories in the brain must be acquired postnatally through individual learning and thought. The reason and intelligence of humans depend on how correctly and efficiently humans learn new words and acquire appropriate meanings for them.
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"Human genomics and evolutionary medicine." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/Systems Biology (BGRS/SB-2022) :. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2022-249.

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Green, Kari, Robert Morrison, and Glenn Green. "Human and porcine vocalizations after creation of a human larynx." In The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Evolution of Language (Evolang12). Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/3991-1.036.

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Whiten, Andrew. "Human and pre-human culture and the evolution of language." In The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Evolution of Language (Evolang12). Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/3991-1.204.

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Reports on the topic "Human evolutional"

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Chiarello, Leonir. The Emergence and Evolution of the Concepts of Human Rights and Human Security. Center for Migration Studies, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14240/cmsesy101315.

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Neumark, David, and Giannina Vaccaro. The Career Evolution of the Sex Gap in Wages: Discrimination vs. Human Capital Investment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28191.

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Bley, Dennis C., Erasmia Lois, Alan M. Kolaczkowski, John Alan Forester, John Wreathall, and Susan E. Cooper. An overview of the evolution of human reliability analysis in the context of probabilistic risk assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/950689.

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Ehrlich, Isaac, and Jinyoung Kim. The Evolution of Income and Fertility Inequalities over the Course of Economic Development: A Human Capital Perspective. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10890.

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Simons, Yuval, and Guy Sella. The impact of recent population history on the deleterious mutation load in humans and close evolutionary relatives. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/073627.

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Ma, Yunxing, Julia Brettschneider, and Joanna Collingwood. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid and tau levels in patients progressing from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0020.

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Review question / Objective: Reported levels of amyloid-beta and tau in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are evaluated to discover if these biochemical markers can predict the transition from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A systematic review and quantitative meta-analyses are performed to test relationships between three potential biomarkers in CSF (Aβ(1-42), T-tau, and P-tau181) and the evolution of AD in longitudinal evaluations of levels relative to baseline, using prior-published experimental data. The primary focus of the analysis is on the period describing the transition of a patient from MCI to AD, where it is critical to discover the main biomarker characteristics that differentiate patient outcomes for those who have a stable form of MCI, and those who progress to a confirmed diagnosis of AD. A secondary purpose of the review was to examine the status of iron in CSF as a function of disease status.
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Pillay, Hitendra, and Brajesh Pant. Foundational ( K-12) Education System: Navigating 21st Century Challenges. QUT and Asian Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.226350.

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Foundational education system commonly referred to as K-12 school education is fundamental for people to succeed in life as noted in United Nations declaration of human rights. Consequently, decades of investments have helped K-12 sector evolve and respond to new demands but many of the traditional thinking has remained and thus hinder agility and disruptive evolution of the system. In most countries the national school education systems are perhaps the largest single enterprise and subjected to socio-cultural, economic and political influences, which in turn make it reluctant and/or difficult to change the system. However, as the world transitions from industrial revolution to information revolution and now to knowledge economy, the foundational education sector has been confronted with several simultaneous challenges. The monograph reviews and analyses how these challenges may be supported in a system that is reliant on traditional rigid time frames and confronted by complex external pressures that are blurring the boundaries of the school education landscape. It is apparent that doing more of the same may not provide the necessary solutions. There is a need to explore new opportunities for reforming the school education space, including system structures, human resources, curriculum designs, and delivery strategies. This analytical work critiques current practices to encourage K-12 educators recognize the need to evolve and embrace disruptions in a culture that tends to be wary of change. The key considerations identified through this analytical work is presented as a set of recommendations captured under four broad areas commonly used in school improvement literature
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Chapelet, Pierre. Analysis of the Education Management and Information System of Jamaica: Diagnosis and Proposal for Strengthening the EMIS. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004619.

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This document analyzes the functioning of the Education Management and Information System (EMIS) of Jamaica, its strengths and challenges related to the key management processes and structural conditions. A survey methodology was used for the analysis of the six key management processes - (i) Physical infrastructure and equipment; (ii) Schools1; (iii) Human resources, budget and finance; (iv) Students and learning; (v) Digital content for teacher training and students learning; and (vi) Tools for strategic management - and the two structural conditions - (i) Technological infrastructure and (ii) Governance and institutional arrangements. There are several main findings. In terms of strengths, the analysis shows that the processes of human, financial and budgetary resources present the highest percentage of subprocesses in the Established level and that technological infrastructure pre-requisites are in place to sustain the improvement of the EMIS. However, EMIS sub-systems are dispersed and poorly integrated and are not covering all the needs of management processes related to the EMIS. The Ministry of Education and Youth and Information (MOEYI) also has an urgent need to develop a comprehensive and realistic strategic plan for the implementation of its EMIS and to ensure the initial and recurrent funding associated with it. Nor is there a change management plan at the MOEYI to support the evolution of the EMIS at all levels. Overall, the MOEYI is at a critical stage of its EMIS transition from a census based EMIS to a transactional information system able to track real-time information about each student, teaching and non-teaching workforce, school infrastructure and assets. This paper outlines a strengthening proposal.
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Perk, Shimon, Maricarmen Garcia, Alexander Panshin, Caroline Banet-Noach, Irina Gissin, Mark W. Jackwood, and David Stallknecht. Avian Influenza Virus H9N2: Characterization and Control Strategies. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7709882.bard.

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Control of Avian Influenza (AI) infection is a highly topical subject of major economicimportance for the worldwide poultry industry at the national level and for international trade.H9N2 viruses are endemic in poultry throughout Asia and the Middle East, causing major losses inproduction. Moreover, these viruses pose wider threats since they have been isolated from bothswine and humans. At the same time, study of the AI viruses affords an opportunity to explore anumber of problems of intriguing scientific interest. The overall goal of this project was to developa sound control strategy for avian influenza subtype H9N2 viruses (AI H9N2) in commercialpoultry in Israel. The one-year feasibility study focused on two main goals, namely: to study themolecular characteristics of AI H9N2 circulating during the last seven years in Israel and todevelop tools enabling differentiation between the immune response to vaccination and infectionwith H9N2.Genetic and phylogenetic characterization of 29 selected AI H9N2 isolates (2000-2006)was performed by complete sequencing of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and all sixinternal genes [nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase basic 1 (PB1), polymerase basic 2 (PB2),polymerase acid (PA), matrix (M), and nonstructural (NS) genes]; comparative phylogenetic andgenetic analyses of these sequences; and comparative genetic analyses of deduced amino acidsequences of the HA, NA, NS1, and NS2 proteins. The major conclusions of the molecularanalyses were: (1) Israeli isolates, together with other H9N2 viruses isolated in Middle Eastcountries, comprise a single regional sublineage related to the G1-lineage. In addition, Israeliisolates subdivided into three different subgroups. Genetic analysis of these viruses suggests thatthey underwent divergent evolution paths.
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Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.

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Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...
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