Academic literature on the topic 'Human diet-switch'
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Journal articles on the topic "Human diet-switch"
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Donihue, Colin M. "Aegean wall lizards switch foraging modes, diet, and morphology in a human-built environment." Ecology and Evolution 6, no. 20 (September 27, 2016): 7433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2501.
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Teng, Phuah Kit, Bernard Lim Jit Heng, and Siti Intan Nurdiana Wong Abdullah. "Consumers’ Switching Preference from Conventional Food to Genetically Modified Food." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 2, 2018): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v2i3.228.
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Today, the demand for quality food is increasing and genetically modified food has become part of the Asian diet. Based on the potential of GM food products and Malaysia’s plan to expand its biotechnology industry, the market for GMO will surge if Malaysian consumers are well-informed on the advantages of GM food products. Therefore, this study proposed nine hypothesis to understand Malaysia consumers’ preference for switch from conventional food to genetically modified food. The result indicates that utilitarian, aversive and informational reinforcement will increase consumers’ preference towards genetic modified food if they are aware that genetically modified food brings more advantages than disadvantages to human being. In addition, result shows that consumer who switch will have higher intention to recommend GMO food to others and willing to pay more for GMO food.
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Smits, A., W. Marei, M. De Ketelaere, B. Meulders, P. Bols, and J. Leroy. "3 Dietary caloric normalization or restriction as preconception care strategies: Impact on metabolic health and fertility in high fat-induced obese outbred mice." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab3.
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Maternal metabolic disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome are linked to decreased oocyte and embryo quality and thus reproductive failure. Overweight and obese patients are advised to lose weight before conception to increase the chance of a healthy pregnancy. Human studies show conflicting results and are often underpowered, leading to a lack of scientifically substantiated advice. Furthermore, the effects of significant weight loss, due to caloric restriction, on oocyte quality are not known. Therefore, we aimed to feed a normal control or low-calorie diet as a preconception care strategy in high-fat-fed obese Swiss mice to improve their metabolic health and oocyte quality. Five-week-old female outbred Swiss mice (as a model for human physiology) were fed a control (CTRL; 10% fat) or a high-fat (HF; 60% fat) diet for seven weeks. Afterward, HF mice were switched to different preconception care interventions (PCCI) for six weeks, resulting in four treatment groups: (1) control diet for 13 weeks (CTRL_CTRL), (2) high fat diet for 13 weeks (HF_HF), (3) switch from a HF to an ad libitum CTRL diet (HF_CTRL), and (4) switch to a 30% caloric restriction diet (HF_CR). Change in bodyweight (twice a week, n=156 mice), metabolic health (glucose and insulin tolerance tests; n=32 mice), oocyte quality and pregnancy rates (n=32 mice) were studied. To assess oocyte quality, mature oocytes were collected after hormonal stimulation (10IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin followed by 10IU human chorionic gonadotrophin 48h later, IP injected) to evaluate oocyte lipid content (Bodipy staining; 11-12 oocytes/group) and to examine mitochondrial ultrastructure by transmission electron microscopy (4-5 oocytes/group). All data were analysed using analysis of variance and Bonferroni corrected. In comparison with the CTRL group, HF diet increased bodyweight after seven weeks (40.01±0.54g vs. 32.01±0.47 g; P<0.05). After 2 weeks of PCCI, both HF_CTRL and HF_CR mice had lost weight, reaching similar weights as control mice. Overall, the deteriorated glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in the HF_HF group were normalized to levels similar to the CTRL_CTRL group in both PCCI. Transmission electron microscopy of HF_HF oocytes showed higher proportions of mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities, e.g. low electron density and rose petal appearance (Boudoures et al. 2016 Reproduction 151(3):261-270) compared with CTRL_CTRL (54.70% vs. 30.52%; P<0.05). After six weeks of PCCI, the proportions of mitochondrial abnormalities were partially reduced in both HF_CTRL (39.64%) and HF_CR (44.47%) groups. The HF_HF diet increased the intracellular lipid content in oocytes with 84.41% compared with the CTRL_CTRL group (P<0.05). However, both PCCI strategies failed to alleviate this effect. The HF_HF-fed mice displayed lower pregnancy rates compared with those on the CTRL_CTRL diet (12.5% vs. 100%; P<0.05). Pregnancy rates were completely restored in the HF_CTRL and HF_CR group. In conclusion, both PCCI improved metabolic health (reduced weight, restored glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity), partially improved oocyte quality, and restored pregnancy rates in HF-induced obese mice.
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Mulay, Shrikant R., Jonathan N. Eberhard, Victoria Pfann, Julian A. Marschner, Murthy N. Darisipudi, Christoph Daniel, Simone Romoli, et al. "Oxalate-induced chronic kidney disease with its uremic and cardiovascular complications in C57BL/6 mice." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 310, no. 8 (April 15, 2016): F785—F795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00488.2015.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) research is limited by the lack of convenient inducible models mimicking human CKD and its complications in experimental animals. We demonstrate that a soluble oxalate-rich diet induces stable stages of CKD in male and female C57BL/6 mice. Renal histology is characterized by tubular damage, remnant atubular glomeruli, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis, with the extent of tissue involvement depending on the duration of oxalate feeding. Expression profiling of markers and magnetic resonance imaging findings established to reflect inflammation and fibrosis parallel the histological changes. Within 3 wk, the mice reproducibly develop normochromic anemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, FGF23 activation, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism. In addition, the model is characterized by profound arterial hypertension as well as cardiac fibrosis that persist following the switch to a control diet. Together, this new model of inducible CKD overcomes a number of previous experimental limitations and should serve useful in research related to CKD and its complications.
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Šturm, Martina Burnik, Steve Smith, Oyunsaikhan Ganbaatar, Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar, Boglarka Balint, John C. Payne, Christian C. Voigt, and Petra Kaczensky. "Isotope analysis combined with DNA barcoding provide new insights into the dietary niche of khulan in the Mongolian Gobi." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): e0248294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248294.
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With increasing livestock numbers, competition and avoidance are increasingly shaping resource availability for wild ungulates. Shifts in the dietary niche of wild ungulates are likely and can be expected to negatively affect their fitness. The Mongolian Gobi constitutes the largest remaining refuge for several threatened ungulates, but unprecedentedly high livestock numbers are sparking growing concerns over rangeland health and impacts on threatened ungulates like the Asiatic wild ass (khulan). Previous stable isotope analysis of khulan tail hair from the Dzungarian Gobi suggested that they graze in summer but switch to a poorer mixed C3 grass / C4 shrub diet in winter, most likely in reaction to local herders and their livestock. Here we attempt to validate these findings with a different methodology, DNA metabarcoding. Further, we extend the scope of the original study to the South Gobi Region, where we expect higher proportions of low-quality browse in the khulan winter diet due to a higher human and livestock presence. Barcoding confirmed the assumptions behind the seasonal diet change observed in the Dzungarian Gobi isotope data, and new isotope analysis revealed a strong seasonal pattern and higher C4 plant intake in the South Gobi Region, in line with our expectations. However, DNA barcoding revealed C4 domination of winter diet was due to C4 grasses (rather than shrubs) for the South Gobi Region. Slight climatic differences result in regional shifts in the occurrence of C3 and C4 grasses and shrubs, which do not allow for an isotopic separation along the grazer-browser continuum over the entire Gobi. Our findings do not allow us to confirm human impacts upon dietary preferences in khulan as we lack seasonal samples from the South Gobi Region. However, these data provide novel insight into khulan diet, raise new questions about plant availability versus preference, and provide a cautionary tale about indirect analysis methods if used in isolation or extrapolated to the landscape level. Good concordance between relative read abundance of C4 genera from barcoding and proportion of C4 plants from isotope analysis adds to a growing body of evidence that barcoding is a promising quantitative tool to understand resource partitioning in ungulates.
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Myers, James R., Lyle T. Wallace, Samira Mafi Moghaddam, Adrienne E. Kleintop, Dimas Echeverria, Henry J. Thompson, Mark A. Brick, Rian Lee, and Phillip E. McClean. "Improving the Health Benefits of Snap Bean: Genome-Wide Association Studies of Total Phenolic Content." Nutrients 11, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 2509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102509.
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Snap beans are a significant source of micronutrients in the human diet. Among the micronutrients present in snap beans are phenolic compounds with known beneficial effects on human health, potentially via their metabolism by the gut-associated microbiome. The genetic pathways leading to the production of phenolics in snap bean pods remain uncertain. In this study, we quantified the level of total phenolic content (TPC) in the Bean Coordinated Agriculture Program (CAP) snap bean diversity panel of 149 accessions. The panel was characterized spectrophotometrically for phenolic content with a Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric assay. Flower, seed and pod color were also quantified, as red, purple, yellow and brown colors are associated with anthocyanins and flavonols in common bean. Genotyping was performed through an Illumina Infinium Genechip BARCBEAN6K_3 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) analysis identified 11 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTN) associated with TPC. An SNP was identified for TPC on Pv07 located near the P gene, which is a major switch in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Candidate genes were identified for seven of the 11 TPC QTN. Five regulatory genes were identified and represent novel sources of variation for exploitation in developing snap beans with higher phenolic levels for greater health benefits to the consumer.
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COMPE, Emmanuel, Georges de SOUSA, Kamel FRANCÇOIS, Régis ROCHE, Roger RAHMANI, Janine TORRESANI, Michel RAYMONDJEAN, and Richard PLANELLS. "Spot 14 protein interacts and co-operates with chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor 1 in the transcription of the L-type pyruvate kinase gene through a specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding site." Biochemical Journal 358, no. 1 (August 8, 2001): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3580175.
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In hepatocytes, the amount of the Spot 14 (S14) protein is closely related to the full expression of enzymes involved in the glycolytic and lipogenic pathways. In the present study we address the role played by this protein in the control of transcription of the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene in primary hepatocytes. We show that human S14, which by itself does not bind to the L-PK promoter, physically interacts with the human chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor 1 (COUP-TF1) and induces the switch of this factor from a repressor to an activator. However, the enhancing activity of S14 and COUP-TF1 depends on the presence of a proximal GC-rich box (the L0 element) that specifically binds nuclear proteins from the livers of rats fed a glucose-rich diet. Moreover, the L0 element, which strongly binds dephosphorylated specificity protein 1 (Sp1), loses all affinity when this factor is phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Mutations that affect binding of Sp1 and nuclear proteins to the L0 box also decrease basal transcription and impair glucose responsiveness of the promoter. These results therefore shed light on the mechanism by which the S14 protein, whose concentration rapidly rises after glucose intake, contributes to the full activity of the L-PK promoter.
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SÜNDERHAUF, A., M. Hicken, K. Skibbe, H. Schlichting, M. Hirose, S. Perner, S. Ibrahim, S. Derer, and C. Sina. "P007 GC1qR driven oxidative phosphorylation is essential for intestinal goblet cell differentiation." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.136.
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Abstract Background Induction of goblet cell differentiation during inflammation has been shown to be impaired in ulcerative colitis (UC) but not Crohn’s disease (CD), possibly explaining the intestinal goblet cell and mucus reduction observed in active UC. A metabolic switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is necessary for terminal differentiation of intestinal stem cells towards goblet cells. Interestingly, intestinal energy deficiency in general and reduced level of OXPHOS in specific have been attributed to UC pathogenesis more than 30 years ago. The c1q binding protein (C1QBP; gC1qR) is indispensable for the maintenance of OXPHOS. Nevertheless, experimental evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction with goblet cell depletion and C1QBP expression are still missing. Methods Goblet cell differentiation was studied in human biopsies from UC patients in remission, in mucus-producing HT29MTX cells and in a conplastic mouse strain with diminished mitochondrial OXPHOS activity. Furthermore, mice were fed an experimental diet to shift cellular energy production from glycolysis to OXPHOS and mucosal cell differentiation was compared with mice on an isocaloric control diet. Results In vitro, siRNA experiments in HT29MTX cells showed that butyrate-induced expression of goblet cell differentiation factor KLF4 is highly dependent on gC1qR expression. Interestingly, the latter was significantly reduced in human ileal and colonic sections of UC patients in remission compared with HN. OXPHOS-deficient conplastic B6-mt FVB mice further confirmed these findings by depicting diminished klf4 expression, lowered goblet cell numbers, a thinned intestinal mucus layer and signs of intestinal inflammation. Finally, via nutritional intervention in C57BL/6 mice we were able to increase gC1qR level and to induce goblet cell differentiation via hath1 and klf4 compared with controls. Conclusion Taken together, we here describe a new pathway linking low intestinal expression of OXPHOS-regulating gC1qR to impaired goblet cell differentiation, mucus reduction and mucosal inflammation, which could be possibly reversed by nutritional intervention.
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Toro-Londono, Miguel A., Katherine Bedoya-Urrego, Gisela M. Garcia-Montoya, Ana L. Galvan-Diaz, and Juan F. Alzate. "Intestinal parasitic infection alters bacterial gut microbiota in children." PeerJ 7 (January 7, 2019): e6200. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6200.
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The study of the burden that parasites can exert upon the bacterial gut microbiota was restricted by the available technologies and their costs. Currently, next-generation sequencing coupled with traditional methodologies allows the study of eukaryotic parasites (protozoa and helminths) and its effects on the human bacterial gut microbiota diversity. This diversity can be altered by a variety of factors such as age, diet, genetics and parasitic infections among others. The disturbances of the gut microbiota have been associated with a variety of illnesses. Children population in developing countries, are especially susceptible to parasitic infections because of the lack of proper sanitation and undernutrition, allowing both, the thriving of intestinal parasites and profound alteration of the gut microbiota. In this work, we have sampled the stool of 23 children from four different children’s care-centers in Medellin, Colombia, and we have identified the eukaryotic parasites by traditional and molecular methodologies coupled with microbial profiling using 16S rDNA sequencing. This mixed methodology approach has allowed us to establish an interesting relationship betweenGiardia intestinalisand helminth infection, having both effects upon the bacterial gut microbiota enterotypes, causing a switch from a type I to a type II enterotype upon infection.
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Bailey, Hannah, Arianna Carughi, and Hans Stein. "A Comparison of Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score with Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score to Evaluate Protein Quality of Raw and Roasted Pistachio Nuts." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa050_003.
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Abstract Objectives The objectives of this research were to determine the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) and the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) for raw and roasted American pistachio nuts in growing pigs, and to assess the effect of roasting on these measures of protein quality. Methods Twelve ileal cannulated barrows (body weight: 60.9 ± 3.2 kg) were randomly allotted to a 2-period switch-back design with 3 diets and 4 replicate pigs per period. Roasted pistachio nuts and raw pistachio nuts (American cultivated pistachio nuts) were each added to a single diet as the only protein source, and the third diet was a nitrogen-free diet that was used to measure basal endogenous losses of AA. Experimental periods were 9 d with the initial 5 d for adaptation to the diets. On d 6 and 7, fecal samples were collected, and on d 8 and 9, ileal digesta samples were collected for 9 h each day. The PDCAAS and DIAAS were calculated according to the Food and Agriculture Organization. Results The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of all indispensable AA, except Arg and Phe, was less (P < 0.05) in roasted than in raw pistachio nuts. Raw pistachio nuts had a PDCAAS of 73 and roasted pistachio nuts had a PDCAAS of 81, calculated for children 2 to 5 yr, and the first limiting AA when compared to human requirements was Thr for both pistachio nuts. The DIAAS calculated for children older than 3 years, adolescents, and adults was 86 and 83 for raw and roasted pistachio nuts, respectively. The limiting AA in both raw and roasted pistachio nuts that determined the DIAAS for this age group was Lys. Conclusions Results of this research illustrate that raw and roasted pistachio nuts can be considered a good quality protein source with DIAAS greater than 75, however, heating conditions associated with roasting may decrease the digestibility of AA in pistachio nuts. Funding Sources The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Agricultural Marketing Service. Product was supplied by the American Pistachio Growers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human diet-switch"
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Wragg, Graham M. "The fossil birds of Henderson Island, Pitcairn Group, South Pacific : a chronology of human-caused extinctions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339060.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Human diet-switch"
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Mitchell, Peter. "Origins." In The Donkey in Human History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198749233.003.0008.
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Over 50,000 years ago a Neanderthal hunter approached a wild ass on the plains of northeastern Syria. Taking aim from the right as the animal nervously assessed the threat, he launched his stone-tipped spear into its neck, penetrating the third cervical vertebra and paralyzing it immediately. Butchered at the kill site, this bone and most of the rest of the animal were taken back to the hunter’s camp at Umm el Tlel, a short distance away. Closely modelled on archaeological observations of that vertebra and the Levallois stone point still embedded within it, this incident helps define the framework for this chapter. At the start of the period it covers, human interactions with the donkey’s ancestors were purely a matter of hunting wild prey, but by its end the donkey had been transformed into a domesticated animal. Chapter 2 thus looks at how this process came about, where it did so, and what the evolutionary history of the donkey’s forebears had been until that point. Donkeys and the wild asses that are their closest relatives form part of the equid family to which zebras and horses also belong. Collectively, equids, like rhinoceroses and tapirs, fall within the Perissodactyla, the odd-toed division of hoofed mammals or ungulates. Though this might suggest a close connection with the much larger order known as the Artiodactyla, the even-toed antelopes (including deer, cattle, sheep, and goats), their superficial resemblances may actually reflect evolutionary convergence; some genetic studies hint that perissodactyls are more closely related to carnivores. Like tapirs and rhinoceroses, the earliest equids had three toes, not the one that has characterized them for the past 40 million years. That single toe, the third, now bears all their weight in the form of a single, enlarged hoof with the adjacent toes reduced to mere splints. This switch, and the associated elongation of the third (or central) metapodial linking the toe to the wrist or ankle, is one of the key evolutionary transformations through which equids have passed. A second involves diet since the earliest perissodactyls were all browsers, not grazers like the equids of today.