Journal articles: 'Human dental tissues'

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Ratajczak, Jessica, Annelies Bronckaers, Yörg Dillen, Pascal Gervois, Tim Vangansewinkel, Ronald B. Driesen, Esther Wolfs, Ivo Lambrichts, and Petra Hilkens. "The Neurovascular Properties of Dental Stem Cells and Their Importance in Dental Tissue Engineering." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9762871.

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Within the field of tissue engineering, natural tissues are reconstructed by combining growth factors, stem cells, and different biomaterials to serve as a scaffold for novel tissue growth. As adequate vascularization and innervation are essential components for the viability of regenerated tissues, there is a high need for easily accessible stem cells that are capable of supporting these functions. Within the human tooth and its surrounding tissues, different stem cell populations can be distinguished, such as dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human deciduous teeth, stem cells from the apical papilla, dental follicle stem cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Given their straightforward and relatively easy isolation from extracted third molars, dental stem cells (DSCs) have become an attractive source of mesenchymal-like stem cells. Over the past decade, there have been numerous studies supporting the angiogenic, neuroprotective, and neurotrophic effects of the DSC secretome. Together with their ability to differentiate into endothelial cells and neural cell types, this makes DSCs suitable candidates for dental tissue engineering and nerve injury repair.

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Srot, Vesna, Birgit Bussmann, Ute Salzberger, Christoph T. Koch, and Peter A. van Aken. "Linking Microstructure and Nanochemistry in Human Dental Tissues." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, no. 3 (April 12, 2012): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612000116.

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AbstractMineralized dental tissues and dental pulp were characterized using advanced analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. Quantitative X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy was employed to determine the Ca/P and Mg/P concentration ratios. Significantly lower Ca/P concentration ratios were measured in peritubular dentine compared to intertubular dentine, which is accompanied by higher and variable Mg/P concentration ratios. There is strong evidence that magnesium is partially substituting calcium in the hydroxyapatite structure. Electron energy-loss near-edge structures (ELNES) of C-K and O-K from enamel and dentine are noticeably different. We observe a strong influence of beam damage on mineralized dental tissues and dental pulp, causing changes of the composition and consequently also differences in the ELNES. In this article, the importance of TEM sample preparation and specimen damage through electron irradiation is demonstrated.

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Vashisht, Neha, and Divy Vashisht. "Dental Stem Cells." International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2014/v3i1/80741.

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While the regeneration of a lost tissue is known to mankind for several years, it is only in the recent past that research on regenerative medicine/dentistry has gained momentum and eluded the dramatic yet scientific advancements in the field of molecular biology. The growing understanding of biological concepts in the regeneration of oral/dental tissues coupled with experiments on stem cells is likely to result in a paradigm shift in the therapeutic armamentarium of dental and oral diseases culminating in an intense search for “biological solutions to biological problems.” Stem cells have been successfully isolated from variety of human tissues including orofacial tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells which differentiate into a variety of cell types. The potential MSCs for tooth regeneration mainly include stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), adult dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from apical part of the papilla (SCAPs), stem cells from the dental follicle (DFSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This review article outlines the recent progress in mesenchymal stem cells used in tooth regeneration.

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Gan, Lu, Ying Liu, Dixin Cui, Yue Pan, Liwei Zheng, and Mian Wan. "Dental Tissue-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Potential in Therapeutic Application." Stem Cells International 2020 (September 1, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8864572.

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Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent cells, which exhibit plastic adherence, express specific cell surface marker spectrum, and have multi-lineage differentiation potential. These cells can be obtained from multiple tissues. Dental tissue-derived hMSCs (dental MSCs) possess the ability to give rise to mesodermal lineage (osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes), ectodermal lineage (neurocytes), and endodermal lineages (hepatocytes). Dental MSCs were first isolated from dental pulp of the extracted third molar and till now they have been purified from various dental tissues, including pulp tissue of permanent teeth and exfoliated deciduous teeth, apical papilla, periodontal ligament, gingiva, dental follicle, tooth germ, and alveolar bone. Dental MSCs are not only easily accessible but are also expandable in vitro with relative genomic stability for a long period of time. Moreover, dental MSCs have exhibited immunomodulatory properties by secreting cytokines. Easy accessibility, multi-lineage differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory effects make dental MSCs distinct from the other hMSCs and an effective tool in stem cell-based therapy. Several preclinical studies and clinical trials have been performed using dental MSCs in the treatment of multiple ailments, ranging from dental diseases to nondental diseases. The present review has summarized dental MSC sources, multi-lineage differentiation capacities, immunomodulatory features, its potential in the treatment of diseases, and its application in both preclinical studies and clinical trials. The regenerative therapeutic strategies in dental medicine have also been discussed.

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Baranova, Juliana, Dominik Büchner, Werner Götz, Margit Schulze, and Edda Tobiasch. "Tooth Formation: Are the Hardest Tissues of Human Body Hard to Regenerate?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 4031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114031.

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With increasing life expectancy, demands for dental tissue and whole-tooth regeneration are becoming more significant. Despite great progress in medicine, including regenerative therapies, the complex structure of dental tissues introduces several challenges to the field of regenerative dentistry. Interdisciplinary efforts from cellular biologists, material scientists, and clinical odontologists are being made to establish strategies and find the solutions for dental tissue regeneration and/or whole-tooth regeneration. In recent years, many significant discoveries were done regarding signaling pathways and factors shaping calcified tissue genesis, including those of tooth. Novel biocompatible scaffolds and polymer-based drug release systems are under development and may soon result in clinically applicable biomaterials with the potential to modulate signaling cascades involved in dental tissue genesis and regeneration. Approaches for whole-tooth regeneration utilizing adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or tooth germ cells transplantation are emerging as promising alternatives to overcome existing in vitro tissue generation hurdles. In this interdisciplinary review, most recent advances in cellular signaling guiding dental tissue genesis, novel functionalized scaffolds and drug release material, various odontogenic cell sources, and methods for tooth regeneration are discussed thus providing a multi-faceted, up-to-date, and illustrative overview on the tooth regeneration matter, alongside hints for future directions in the challenging field of regenerative dentistry.

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Ruschel, HC, GD Ligocki, DL Flaminghi, and ACM Fossati. "Microstructure of Mineralized Tissues in Human Primary Teeth." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 35, no. 3 (April 1, 2011): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.35.3.918k0t3270v01285.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the structural characteristics of the mineralized dental tissues - enamel,dentin and cementum - in primary teeth and to correlate the histological aspects observed in function of the dental type – single-rooted or multi-rooted. Method: Eighteen human primary noncarious teeth were sectioned in facial-lingual (single-rooted) and mesio-distal direction (multi-rooted). One to three samples from each tooth were obtained. The samples were prepared by the ground technique and analyzed under light microscopy at different magnifications. A quantitative and descriptive analysis of the morphology of the mineralized tissues was performed. Results: Spindles, tufts and lamellae were consistently observed mainly in the occlusal surface of the primary molars. The scalloped pattern of the dentinoenamel junction was not always present. The same was seen for zones of interglobular dentin. Dead tracts in dentin and tertiary dentin were observed mainly in single-rooted teeth below areas of dental attrition. Areas of cellular and acellular cementum were observed in the two dental types. Conclusions: Primary teeth have some structural peculiarities and these should be investigated concerning the clinical repercussion.

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Pagella, P., A. Cordiale, GD Marconi, O. Trubiani, M. Rasponi, and TA Mitsiadis. "Bioengineered tooth emulation systems for regenerative and pharmacological purposes." European Cells and Materials 41 (May 10, 2021): 502–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22203/ecm.v041a32.

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Genetic conditions, traumatic injuries, carious lesions and periodontal diseases are all responsible for dental pathologies. The current clinical approaches are based on the substitution of damaged dental tissues with inert materials, which, however, do not ensure full physiological recovery of the teeth. Different populations of dental mesenchymal stem cells have been isolated from dental tissues and several attempts have already been made at using these stem cells for the regeneration of human dental tissues. Despite encouraging progresses, dental regenerative therapies are very far from any clinical applications. This is tightly connected with the absence of proper platforms that would model and faithfully mimic human dental tissues in their complexity. Therefore, in the last decades, many efforts have been dedicated for the development of innovative systems capable of emulating human tooth physiology in vitro. This review focuses on the use of in vitro culture systems, such as bioreactors and “organ-on-a-chip” microfluidic devices, for the modelling of human dental tissues and their potential use for dental regeneration and drug testing.

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Han, Jonghyeuk, Da Sol Kim, Ho Jang, Hyung-Ryong Kim, and Hyun-Wook Kang. "Bioprinting of three-dimensional dentin–pulp complex with local differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells." Journal of Tissue Engineering 10 (January 2019): 204173141984584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731419845849.

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Numerous approaches have been introduced to regenerate artificial dental tissues. However, conventional approaches are limited when producing a construct with three-dimensional patient-specific shapes and compositions of heterogeneous dental tissue. In this research, bioprinting technology was applied to produce a three-dimensional dentin–pulp complex with patient-specific shapes by inducing localized differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells within a single structure. A fibrin-based bio-ink was designed for bioprinting with the human dental pulp stem cells. The effects of fibrinogen concentration within the bio-ink were investigated in terms of printability, human dental pulp stem cell compatibility, and differentiation. The results show that micro-patterns with human dental pulp stem cells could be achieved with more than 88% viability. Its odontogenic differentiation was also regulated according to the fibrinogen concentration. Based on these results, a dentin–pulp complex having patient-specific shape was produced by co-printing the human dental pulp stem cell–laden bio-inks with polycaprolactone, which is a bio-thermoplastic used for producing the overall shape. After culturing with differentiation medium for 15 days, localized differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in the outer region of the three-dimensional cellular construct was successfully achieved with localized mineralization. This result demonstrates the possibility to produce patient-specific composite tissues for tooth tissue engineering using three-dimensional bioprinting technology.

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Sehic, Amer, Amela Tulek, Cuong Khuu, Minou Nirvani, Lars Peter Sand, and Tor Paaske Utheim. "Regulatory roles of microRNAs in human dental tissues." Gene 596 (January 2017): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2016.10.009.

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Martin-Gonzalez, Jenifer, Juan J. Segura-Egea, Antonio Pérez-Pérez, Daniel Cabanillas-Balsera, and Víctor Sánchez-Margalet. "Leptin in Dental Pulp and Periapical Tissues: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23041984.

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Leptin is a non-glycosylated 16 kDa protein synthesized mainly in adipose cells. The main function of leptin is to regulate energy homeostasis and weight control in a central manner. There is increasing evidence that leptin also has systemic effects, acting as a link between innate and acquired immune responses. The expression of leptin and its receptor in human dental pulp and periradicular tissues have already been described, as well as several stimulatory effects of leptin protein expression in dental and periodontal tissues. The aim of this paper was to review and to compile the reported scientific literature on the role and effects of leptin in the dental pulp and periapical tissues. Twelve articles accomplished the inclusion criteria, and a comprehensive narrative review was carried out. Review of the available scientific literature concluded that leptin has the following effects on pulpal and periapical physiology: 1) Stimulates odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), 2) Increases the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), odontoblastic proteins involved in odontoblastic differentiation and dentin mineralization, 3) Stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human dental pulp tissue and primary cultured cells of human dental pulp (hDPCs), 4) Stimulates angiogenesis in rat dental pulp cells, and 5) Induces the expression of interleucinas 6 and 8 in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). There is evidence which suggests that leptin is implicated in the dentin mineralization process and in pulpal and periapical inflammatory and reparative responses.

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Suhonen, Camtu. "The Impact of Hybrid Nano-Materials in Tooth Tissue Restoration." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 39 (November 2018): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.39.65.

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Tooth loss due to dental diseases, caries, and other related pathological conditions has plagued people and is the most prevalent cause of human organ failure. Billions of people have suffered from losing teeth and dental diseases so that generating natural dental tissues are more appreciated than artificial tooth implantation. The aspiration among the dentists to restore this loss biologically is the genesis of the tooth regeneration. Current trends initiate tissue engineering with a concept of functional restoration of tissue and organ defects by the triad of biomaterial scaffolds, growth factors, and stem cells (Rosa et al. 2012). This paper, therefore, focuses on the significance of nanostructured hybrid materials in the tooth regeneration through tissue engineering. For this purpose, literature was examined and studies on nanomorphological features of stem cells, dental tissues found within the oral area, the signaling molecules utilized in the tissue engineering, and the hybrid scaffolds that guide reconstructions of periodontal tissues were selected for the review. The nanodentistry has been potential, undoubtedly, to achieve almost perfect dental health in the nearest future. However, the success will largely be determined by human requirements and resource supply (technology, economy, and time). Finally, the future and actual potentials of nanotechnologies pertaining tissue engineering will be applied in dentistry (Mitziadis, Woloszyk, & Jimenez-Rojo, 2012).Keywords: Stem cells; scaffolds; nanomaterials; hybrid materials, tissue engineering; dentistry; signaling molecules.

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Goseki-Sone, M., T. Iimura, K. Takeda, A. Nifuji, Y. Ogata, M. Yanagishita, and S. Oida. "Expression of mRNA Encoding Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase in Human Dental Tissues." Calcified Tissue International 64, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900596.

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Estrela, Carlos, Ana Helena Gonçalves de Alencar, Gregory Thomas Kitten, Eneida Franco Vencio, and Elisandra Gava. "Mesenchymal stem cells in the dental tissues: perspectives for tissue regeneration." Brazilian Dental Journal 22, no. 2 (2011): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402011000200001.

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In recent years, stem cell research has grown exponentially owing to the recognition that stem cell-based therapies have the potential to improve the life of patients with conditions that range from Alzheimer’s disease to cardiac ischemia and regenerative medicine, like bone or tooth loss. Based on their ability to rescue and/or repair injured tissue and partially restore organ function, multiple types of stem/progenitor cells have been speculated. Growing evidence demonstrates that stem cells are primarily found in niches and that certain tissues contain more stem cells than others. Among these tissues, the dental tissues are considered a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells that are suitable for tissue engineering applications. It is known that these stem cells have the potential to differentiate into several cell types, including odontoblasts, neural progenitors, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. In dentistry, stem cell biology and tissue engineering are of great interest since may provide an innovative for generation of clinical material and/or tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells were demonstrated in dental tissues, including dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental papilla, and dental follicle. These stem cells can be isolated and grown under defined tissue culture conditions, and are potential cells for use in tissue engineering, including, dental tissue, nerves and bone regeneration. More recently, another source of stem cell has been successfully generated from human somatic cells into a pluripotent stage, the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), allowing creation of patient- and disease-specific stem cells. Collectively, the multipotency, high proliferation rates, and accessibility make the dental stem cell an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells for tissue regeneration. This review describes new findings in the field of dental stem cell research and on their potential use in the tissue regeneration.

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Ibarretxe, Gaskon, Olatz Crende, Maitane Aurrekoetxea, Victoria García-Murga, Javier Etxaniz, and Fernando Unda. "Neural Crest Stem Cells from Dental Tissues: A New Hope for Dental and Neural Regeneration." Stem Cells International 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/103503.

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Several stem cell sources persist in the adult human body, which opens the doors to both allogeneic and autologous cell therapies. Tooth tissues have proven to be a surprisingly rich and accessible source of neural crest-derived ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), which may be employed to repair disease-affected oral tissues in advanced regenerative dentistry. Additionally, one area of medicine that demands intensive research on new sources of stem cells is nervous system regeneration, since this constitutes a therapeutic hope for patients affected by highly invalidating conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. However, endogenous adult sources of neural stem cells present major drawbacks, such as their scarcity and complicated obtention. In this context, EMSCs from dental tissues emerge as good alternative candidates, since they are preserved in adult human individuals, and retain both high proliferation ability and a neural-like phenotypein vitro. In this paper, we discuss some important aspects of tissue regeneration by cell therapy and point out some advantages that EMSCs provide for dental and neural regeneration. We will finally review some of the latest research featuring experimental approaches and benefits of dental stem cell therapy.

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Tonetto, Mateus Rodrigues, Marcelo Ferrarezi de Andrade, Shelon Cristina Souza Pinto, Darlon Martins Lima, José Roberto Cury Saad, Matheus Coelho Bandéca, Adriano Augusto Melo de Mendonça, and André Afif Elossais. "Human Dental Enamel and Dentin Structural Effects after Er:yag Laser Irradiation." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 3 (2014): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1529.

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ABSTRACT Ideally projected to be applied on soft tissues, infrared lasers were improved by restorative dentistry to be used in hard dental tissues cavity preparations — namely enamel and dentin. This paper evidentiates the relevant aspects of infrared Erbium laser's action mechanism and its effects, and characterizes the different effects deriving from the laser's beams emission. The criteria for use and selection of optimal parameters for the correct application of laser systems and influence of supporting factors on the process, such as water amount and its presence in the ablation process, protection exerted by the plasma shielding and structural factors, which are indispensable in dental tissues cavity preparation related to restorative technique, are subordinated to optical modifications caused by the interaction of the energy dissipated by these laser light emission systems in the targeted tissue substrate. Clinical relevance Differences in the action of infrared Erbium laser system in regard to the nature of the ablation process and variations on the morphological aspects observed in the superficial structure of the target tissue irradiated, may be correlated to the structural optical modifications of the substrate produced by an interaction of the energy propagated by laser systems. How to cite this article Lima DM, Tonetto MR, de Mendonça AAM, Elossais AA, Saad JRC, de Andrade MF, Pinto SCS, Bandéca MC. Human Dental Enamel and Dentin Structural Effects after Er:yag Laser Irradiation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):283-287.

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Swain, Niharika, Shilpa Patel, Jigna Pathak, Priyadarshani R. Sarkate, Nikita K. Sahu, and Rashmi M. Hosalkar. "Role of Dental Hard Tissue in Human Identification." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 9, no. 3 (2019): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1264.

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ABSTRACT Ethnologic identification is one of the major demanding subjects to facilitate human has been encountered with. The forensic magnitude of the dental tissue has been well predictable since teeth are hardest of all human tissues and they can be conserved undamaged for an extensive episode of instance following fatality. They are constant chemically and they retain their characteristics, which becomes a consistent source for determination of human identification. The study of the dental hard and soft tissue for the rationale of establishing the individuality of a victim is called dental profiling. By using the dental profiling techniques, age, gender, and race of an individual can be determined, as well as the data about their socioeconomic status, personal habits, oral and systemic health, occupation, diet, familial relationship, and psychological characteristics. A dental profile is more detailed and reliable if more than one technique is applied. Each human being possesses a unique dental profile that helps them in identification. Education in the field of forensic odontology and techniques of dental profiling is essential since it contributes significantly to the status of the dental profession in additional associated disciplines as well as in public, and it encourages dentists to view their own achievements from a wider perspective. Through the ages, odontological examinations have been a critical determinant in the search of human identity. This piece of review writing gives an overview of the dental evidence and its use in forensic identification. How to cite this article: Sahu NK, Patel S, Pathak J, et al. Role of Dental Hard Tissue in Human Identification. J Contemp Dent 2019;9(3):130–134.

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Colaço, M. V., R. C. Barroso, I. M. Porto, R. F. Gerlach, F. N. Costa, D. Braz, and R. Droppa Jr. "XRD analysis of human dental tissues using synchrotron radiation." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 67, a1 (August 22, 2011): C484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767311087733.

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Budd, Paul, Janet Montgomery, Barbara Barreiro, and Richard G. Thomas. "Differential diagenesis of strontium in archaeological human dental tissues." Applied Geochemistry 15, no. 5 (June 2000): 687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-2927(99)00069-4.

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Oprea, C., P. J. Szalanski, M. V. Gustova, I. A. Oprea, and V. Buzguta. "XRF detection limits for dental tissues of human teeth." Vacuum 83 (May 2009): S166—S168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2009.01.054.

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Park, Joo-Young, Chan Ho Park, TacGhee Yi, Si-na Kim, Takanori Iwata, and Jeong-Ho Yun. "rhBMP-2 Pre-Treated Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Sheets Regenerate a Mineralized Layer Mimicking Dental Cementum." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (May 26, 2020): 3767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113767.

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The periodontal complex consisting of alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligaments (PDL) supports human teeth through the systematic orchestration of mineralized tissues and fibrous tissues. Importantly, cementum, the outermost mineralized layer of dental roots, plays an essential role by bridging the inner ligaments from the dental root to the alveolar bone. When the periodontal complex is damaged, the regeneration of each component of the periodontal complex is necessary; however, it is still challenging to achieve complete functional regeneration. In this study, we tried to control the regeneration of cementum and PDL by using a human PDL stem cell (hPDLSC) sheet engineering technology with the pretreatment of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2). Isolated hPDLSCs obtained from extracted human teeth were pretreated with rhBMP-2 for in vitro osteogenic differentiation and grafted on the micro/macro-porous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) blocks, which represent dental roots. The MBCPs with hPDLSC sheets were implanted in the subcutaneous layer of immune-compromised mice, and rhBMP-2 pretreated hPDLSC sheets showed higher mineralization and collagen ligament deposition than the no-pretreatment group. Therefore, the rhBMP-2-hPDLSC sheet technique could be an effective strategy for the synchronized regeneration of two different tissues: mineralized tissue and fibrous tissues in periodontal complexes.

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Reinhardt, J. W. "Side-Effects: Mercury Contribution to Body Burden From Dental Amalgam." Advances in Dental Research 6, no. 1 (September 1992): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374920060010201.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine and report on studies that relate mercury levels in human tissues to the presence of dental amalgams, giving special attention to autopsy studies. Until recently, there have been few published studies examining the relationship between dental amalgams and tissue mercury levels. Improved and highly sensitive tissue analysis techniques have made it possible to measure elements in the concentration range of parts per billion. The fact that mercury can be absorbed and reach toxic levels in human tissues makes any and all exposure to that element of scientific interest. Dental amalgams have long been believed to be of little significance as contributors to the overall body burden of mercury, because the elemental form of mercury is rapidly consumed in the setting reaction of the restoration. Studies showing measurable elemental mercury vapor release from dental amalgams have raised renewed concern about amalgam safety. Mercury vapor absorption occurs through the lungs, with about 80% of the inhaled vapor being absorbed by the lungs and rapidly entering the bloodstream. Following distribution by blood circulation, mercury can enter and remain in certain tissues for longer periods of time, since the half-life of excretion is prolonged. Two of the primary target organs of concern are the central nervous system and kidneys.

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Sui, Tan, Michael A. Sandholzer, Alexander J. G. Lunt, Nikolaos Baimpas, Andrew Smith, Gabriel Landini, and Alexander M. Korsunsky. "In situ X-ray scattering evaluation of heat-induced ultrastructural changes in dental tissues and synthetic hydroxyapatite." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 95 (June 6, 2014): 20130928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0928.

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Human dental tissues consist of inorganic constituents (mainly crystallites of hydroxyapatite, HAp) and organic matrix. In addition, synthetic HAp powders are frequently used in medical and chemical applications. Insights into the ultrastructural alterations of skeletal hard tissues exposed to thermal treatment are crucial for the estimation of temperature of exposure in forensic and archaeological studies. However, at present, only limited data exist on the heat-induced structural alterations of human dental tissues. In this paper, advanced non-destructive small- and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) synchrotron techniques were used to investigate the in situ ultrastructural alterations in thermally treated human dental tissues and synthetic HAp powders. The crystallographic properties were probed by WAXS, whereas HAp grain size distribution changes were evaluated by SAXS. The results demonstrate the important role of the organic matrix that binds together the HAp crystallites in responding to heat exposure. This is highlighted by the difference in the thermal behaviour between human dental tissues and synthetic HAp powders. The X-ray analysis results are supported by thermogravimetric analysis. The results concerning the HAp crystalline architecture in natural and synthetic HAp powders provide a reliable basis for deducing the heating history for dental tissues in the forensic and archaeological context, and the foundation for further development and optimization of biomimetic material design.

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Hu, Lei, Zhenhua Gao, Junji Xu, Zhao Zhu, Zhipeng Fan, Chunmei Zhang, Jinsong Wang, and Songlin Wang. "Decellularized Swine Dental Pulp as a Bioscaffold for Pulp Regeneration." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9342714.

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Endodontic regeneration shows promise in treating dental pulp diseases; however, no suitable scaffolds exist for pulp regeneration. Acellular natural extracellular matrix (ECM) is a favorable scaffold for tissue regeneration since the anatomical structure and ECM of the natural tissues or organs are well-preserved. Xenogeneic ECM is superior to autologous or allogeneic ECM in tissue engineering for its unlimited resources. This study investigated the characteristics of decellularized dental pulp ECM from swine and evaluated whether it could mediate pulp regeneration. Dental pulps were acquired from the mandible anterior teeth of swine 12 months of age and decellularized with 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) combined with Triton X-100. Pulp regeneration was conducted by seeding human dental pulp stem cells into decellularized pulp and transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice for 8 weeks. The decellularized pulp demonstrated preserved natural shape and structure without any cellular components. Histological analysis showed excellent ECM preservation and pulp-like tissue, and newly formed mineralized tissues were regenerated after being transplanted in vivo. In conclusion, decellularized swine dental pulp maintains ECM components favoring stem cell proliferation and differentiation, thus representing a suitable scaffold for improving clinical outcomes and functions of teeth with dental pulp diseases.

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Ibano, Natsumi, Emi Inada, Shinji Otake, Yuki Kiyokawa, Kensuke Sakata, Masahiro Sato, Naoko Kubota, et al. "The Role of Genetically Modified Human Feeder Cells in Maintaining the Integrity of Primary Cultured Human Deciduous Dental Pulp Cells." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 20 (October 15, 2022): 6087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11206087.

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Tissue-specific stem cells exist in tissues and organs, such as skin and bone marrow. However, their pluripotency is limited compared to embryonic stem cells. Culturing primary cells on plastic tissue culture dishes can result in the loss of multipotency, because of the inability of tissue-specific stem cells to survive in feeder-less dishes. Recent findings suggest that culturing primary cells in medium containing feeder cells, particularly genetically modified feeder cells expressing growth factors, may be beneficial for their survival and proliferation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the role of genetically modified human feeder cells expressing growth factors in maintaining the integrity of primary cultured human deciduous dental pulp cells. Feeder cells expressing leukemia inhibitory factor, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and basic fibroblast growth factor were successfully engineered, as evidenced by PCR. Co-culturing with mitomycin-C-treated feeder cells enhanced the proliferation of newly isolated human deciduous dental pulp cells, promoted their differentiation into adipocytes and neurons, and maintained their stemness properties. Our findings suggest that genetically modified human feeder cells may be used to maintain the integrity of primary cultured human deciduous dental pulp cells.

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Kang, Chung-Min, Hyunok Kim, Je Seon Song, Byung-Jai Choi, Seong-Oh Kim, Han-Sung Jung, Seok-Jun Moon, and Hyung-Jun Choi. "Genetic Comparison of Stemness of Human Umbilical Cord and Dental Pulp." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3453890.

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This study focuses on gene expression patterns and functions in human umbilical cord (UC) and dental pulp (DP) containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). DP tissues were collected from 25 permanent premolars. UC tissue samples were obtained from three newborns. Comparative gene profiles were obtained using cDNA microarray analysis and the expression of tooth development-associated and MSC-related genes was assessed by the quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Genes related to cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune responses were expressed at higher levels in UC, whereas genes related to growth factor and receptor activity and signal transduction were more highly expressed in DP. Although UC and DP tissues exhibited similar expression of surface markers for MSCs, UC showed higher expression of CD29, CD34, CD44, CD73, CD105, CD146, and CD166. qRT-PCR analysis showed that CD146, CD166, and MYC were expressed 18.3, 8.24, and 1.63 times more highly in UC, whereas the expression of CD34 was 2.15 times higher in DP. Immunohistochemical staining revealed significant differences in the expression of genes (DSPP,DMP1, andCALB1) related to odontogenesis and angiogenesis in DP. DP and UC tissue showed similar gene expression, with the usual MSC markers, while they clearly diverged in their differentiation capacity.

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Bilge Hakan Şen, Kamran E. Safavi, and Larz S. W. Spångberg. "Colonization of Candida albicans on cleaned human dental hard tissues." Archives of Oral Biology 42, no. 7 (July 1997): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9969(97)00026-5.

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Song, Zhi, Zhengmei Lin, Feng He, Lan Jiang, Wei Qin, Yaguang Tian, Runfu Wang, and Shuheng Huang. "NLRP3 Is Expressed in Human Dental Pulp Cells and Tissues." Journal of Endodontics 38, no. 12 (December 2012): 1592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.09.023.

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Choube, A., M. Astekar, A. Choube, G. Sapra, A. Agarwal, and A. Rana. "Comparison of decalcifying agents and techniques for human dental tissues." Biotechnic & Histochemistry 93, no. 2 (January 9, 2018): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10520295.2017.1396095.

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Sui, Tan, Siqi Ying, Gabriel Landini, and Alexander M. Korsunsky. "High resolution ultrastructure imaging of fractures in human dental tissues." Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters 4, no. 4 (2014): 041007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/2.1404107.

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Sorenti, Mark, María Martinón-Torres, Laura Martín-Francés, and Bernardo Perea-Pérez. "Sexual dimorphism of dental tissues in modern human mandibular molars." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 169, no. 2 (March 13, 2019): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23822.

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Hossain, Mozammal, Yukio Nakamura, Yoshishige Yamada, Yoshiko Murakami, and Koukichi Matsumoto. "Compositional and structural changes of human dentin following caries removal by Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation in primary teeth." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 26, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.26.4.t314pk16058200v0.

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In this in vitro study, the compositional and structural changes of human dentin, and knoop harness of cavity floor following the removal of dental caries by Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation in primary teeth was compared with that of the conventional bur cavity. The results confirmed that laser irradiation revealed minimal thermal damage to the surrounding tissues, minimal thermal induced changes of dental hard tissue compositions, and favorable surface characteristic.

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Chen, Yuk-Kwan, Anderson Hsien-Cheng Huang, Anthony Wing-Sang Chan, Tien-Yu Shieh, and Li-Min Lin. "Human dental pulp stem cells derived from different cryopreservation methods of human dental pulp tissues of diseased teeth." Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine 40, no. 10 (April 23, 2011): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01040.x.

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Nito, Chikako, Satoshi Suda, Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara, Takashi Okada, and Kazumi Kimura. "Dental-Pulp Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Strategy for Ischemic Stroke." Biomedicines 10, no. 4 (March 22, 2022): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10040737.

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Regenerative medicine aims to restore human functions by regenerating organs and tissues using stem cells or living tissues for the treatment of organ and tissue defects or dysfunction. Clinical trials investigating the treatment of cerebral infarction using mesenchymal stem cells, a type of somatic stem cell therapy, are underway. The development and production of regenerative medicines using somatic stem cells is expected to contribute to the treatment of cerebral infarction, a central nervous system disease for which there is no effective treatment. Numerous experimental studies have shown that cellular therapy, including the use of human dental pulp stem cells, is an attractive strategy for patients with ischemic brain injury. This review describes the basic research, therapeutic mechanism, clinical trials, and future prospects for dental pulp stem cell therapy, which is being investigated in Japan in first-in-human clinical trials for the treatment of patients with acute cerebral ischemia.

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Liu, Lu, Rong Huang, Ruiqi Yang, and Xi Wei. "OCT4B1 Regulates the Cellular Stress Response of Human Dental Pulp Cells with Inflammation." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2756891.

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Introduction. Infection and apoptosis are combined triggers for inflammation in dental tissues. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4-B1 (OCT4B1), a novel spliced variant of OCT4 family, could respond to the cellular stress and possess antiapoptotic property. However, its specific role in dental pulpitis remains unknown. Methods. To investigate the effect of OCT4B1 on inflammation of dental pulp cells (DPCs), its expression in inflamed dental pulp tissues and DPCs was examined by in situ hybridization, real-time PCR, and FISH assay. OCT4B1 overexpressed DPCs model was established, confirmed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining, and then stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Apoptotic rate was determined by Hoechst/PI staining and FACS. Cell survival rate was calculated by CCK8 assay. Results. In situ hybridization, real-time PCR, and FISH assay revealed that OCT4B1 was extensively expressed in inflamed dental pulp tissues and DPCs with LPS stimulation. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining showed the expression of OCT4B1 and OCT4B increased after OCT4B1 transfection. Hoechst/PI staining and FACS demonstrated that less red/blue fluorescence was detected and apoptotic percentage decreased (3.45%) after transfection. CCK8 demonstrated that the survival rate of pCDH-OCT4B1-flag cells increased. Conclusions. OCT4B1 plays an essential role in inflammation and apoptosis of DPCs. OCT4B might operate synergistically with OCT4B1 to reduce apoptosis.

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Sperber, Geoffrey H. "Dental enamel." South African Dental Journal 75, no. 7 (August 31, 2020): 384–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2020/v75no7a6.

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Dental enamel is the sparsest but most enduring component of all the tissues in the human body, yet contrarily contains the most detailed historiography of its development. Accordingly, analysis of enamels' chemistry, histology and pathology can reveal detailed ambient information of both fossilized, long-deceased and its contemporary milieu occurring during amelogenesis. In this respect, dental enamel is the most versatile exponent of its developmental mechanisms and acquisition of its complex form. Dental enamel is the ultimate lexicographer of lives lived.

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Luzuriaga, J., P. García-Gallastegui, N. García-Urkia, JR Pineda, I. Irastorza, F.-J. Fernandez-San-Argimiro, B. Olalde, F. Unda, I. Madarieta, and G. Ibarretxe. "Osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in decellularised adipose tissue solid foams." European Cells and Materials 43 (March 21, 2022): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22203/ecm.v043a10.

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3D cell culture systems based on biological scaffold materials obtainable from both animal and human tissues constitute very interesting tools for cell therapy and personalised medicine applications. The white adipose tissue (AT) extracellular matrix (ECM) is a very promising biomaterial for tissue engineering due to its easy accessibility, malleability and proven biological activity. In the present study, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were combined in vitro with ECM scaffolds from porcine and human decellularised adipose tissues (pDAT, hDAT) processed as 3D solid foams, to investigate their effects on the osteogenic differentiation capacity and bone matrix production of hDPSCs, compared to single-protein-based 3D solid foams of collagen type I and conventional 2D tissue-culture-treated polystyrene plates. pDAT solid foams supported the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs to similar levels to collagen type I, as assessed by alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red stainings, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and osteocalcin/bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP) immunostaining. Interestingly, hDAT solid foams showed a markedly lower capacity to sustain hDPSC osteogenic differentiation and matrix calcification and a higher capacity to support adipogenesis, as assessed by RT-qPCR and oil red O staining. White ATs from both human and porcine origins are relatively abundant and available sources of raw material to obtain high quality ECM-derived biomedical products. These biomaterials could have promising applications in tissue engineering and personalised clinical therapy for the healing and regeneration of lesions involving not only a loss of calcified bone but also its associated soft non-calcified tissues.

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Todorovic, Vera, Dejan Markovic, Nadezda Milosevic-Jovcic, Marijana Petakov, Bela Balint, Miodrag Colic, Ana Milenkovic, Ivana Colak, Vukoman Jokanovic, and Nebojsa Nikolic. "Dental pulp stem cells: Potential significance in regenerative medicine." Serbian Dental Journal 55, no. 3 (2008): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0803170t.

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To date, three types of dental stem cells have been isolated: Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC), Stem Cells From Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED) and Immature Dental Pulp Stem Cells (IDPC). These dental stem cells are considered as mesenchymal stem cells. They reside within the perivascular niche of dental pulp. They are highly proliferative, clonogenic, multipotent and are similar to mesenchymal Bone Marrow Stem Cells (BMSC). Also, they have high plasticity and can be easy isolated. The expressions of the alkaline phosphatase gene, dentin matrix protein 1 and dentinsialophosphoprotein are verified in these cells. Analyses of gene expression patterns indicated several genes which encode extracellular matrix components, cell adhesion molecules, growth factors and transcription regulators, cell signaling, cell communication or cell metabolism. In both conditions, in vivo and in vitro, these cells have the ability to differentiate into odontoblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, neurons, melanocytes, smooth and skeletal muscles and endothelial cells. In vivo, after implantation, they have shown potential to differentiate into dentin but also into tissues like bone, adipose or neural tissue. In general, DPSCs are considered to have antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory abilities. After being grafted into allogenic tissues these cells are ableto induce immunological tolerance. Immunosuppressive effect is shown through the ability to inhibit proliferation of T lymphocytes. Dental pulp stem cells open new perspectives in therapeutic use not only in dentin regeneration, periodontal tissues and skeletoarticular, tissues of craniofacial region but also in treatment of neurotrauma, autoimmune diseases, myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy and connective tissue damages.

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Labis, Varvara, Ernest Bazikyan, Denis Demin, Irina Dyachkova, Denis Zolotov, Alexey Volkov, Victor Asadchikov, et al. "Cell-Molecular Interactions of Nano- and Microparticles in Dental Implantology." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032267.

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The role of metallic nano- and microparticles in the development of inflammation has not yet been investigated. Soft tissue biopsy specimens of the bone bed taken during surgical revisions, as well as supernatants obtained from the surface of the orthopedic structures and dental implants (control), were examined. Investigations were performed using X-ray microtomography, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Histological studies of the bone bed tissues were performed. Nanoscale and microscale metallic particles were identified as participants in the inflammatory process in tissues. Supernatants containing nanoscale particles were obtained from the surfaces of 20 units of new dental implants. Early and late apoptosis and necrosis of immunocompetent cells after co-culture and induction by lipopolysaccharide and human venous blood serum were studied in an experiment with staging on the THP-1 (human monocytic) cell line using visualizing cytometry. As a result, it was found that nano- and microparticles emitted from the surface of the oxide layer of medical devices impregnated soft tissue biopsy specimens. By using different methods to analyze the cell–molecule interactions of nano- and microparticles both from a clinical perspective and an experimental research perspective, the possibility of forming a chronic immunopathological endogenous inflammatory process with an autoimmune component in the tissues was revealed.

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Spirov, Vancho, Oliver Dimitrovski, Žaklina Menceva, Aleksej Duma, and Zlatko Jakjovski. "Forensic Dentistry – the key to the truth." Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sdj-2017-0011.

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Summary Introduction Human organism can be identified through testing and analysis of DNA sequences. The most common source of DNA for analysis is blood, soft tissues, hair, bones and teeth. Teeth represent a tissue of choice for analysis in those cases where there is high degree of degradation of other tissues. Hard tooth structure provides protection and preservation of DNA molecules. The aim was to investigate which group of teeth and dental tissue (pulp or hard dental tissues) has the greatest amount of DNA. Material and method Forty-five extracted teeth were analyzed. In the first examination 30 teeth were divided into the three groups (10 teeth each): first group were incisors, second premolars and third molars. The teeth were measured before and after the procedure of DNA isolation using special scale with precision of 0.02-0.000005ng. The procedure included grinding teeth in a blender and DNA isolation using commercial kits (isolation with magnetic particles). For the second test 15 teeth divided into two groups were used. In the first group isolation of DNA molecules was performed from pulp tissue, and in the second group from hard dental tissues. The quantification of samples was done with Quantifiler® Duo DNA Quantification Kit by Applied Biosystems. Results The greatest amount of DNA was obtained from molars (0.230011ng/μl/g) while the smallest amount of DNA was obtained from incisors and it was 0.06437ng/μl/g. In addition, the amount of DNA isolated from pulp tissue was significantly greater than that from hard dental tissues (pulp of molars obtained quantitatively the largest amount of DNA). Conclusion Main tissue to be used for the isolation of DNA from a tooth is pulp, but in those cases when it is not present (endodontic treatment), hard dental tissues provide sufficient quantity of DNA for identification procedures. The group of teeth that provides the greatest amount of DNA is molars.

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Itoh, Y., J. I. Sasaki, M. Hashimoto, C. Katata, M. Hayashi, and S. Imazato. "Pulp Regeneration by 3-dimensional Dental Pulp Stem Cell Constructs." Journal of Dental Research 97, no. 10 (April 27, 2018): 1137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518772260.

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Dental pulp regeneration therapy for the pulpless tooth has attracted recent attention, and clinical trial studies are underway with the tissue engineering approach. However, there remain many concerns, including the extended period for regenerating the dental pulp. In addition, the use of scaffolds increases the risk of inflammation and infection. To establish a basic technology for novel dental pulp regenerative therapy that allows transplant of pulp-like tissue, we attempted to fabricate scaffold-free 3-dimensional (3D) cell constructs composed of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Furthermore, we assessed viability of these 3D DPSC constructs for dental pulp regeneration through in vitro and in vivo studies. For the in vitro study, we obtained 3D DPSC constructs by shaping sheet-like aggregates of DPSCs with a thermoresponsive hydrogel. DPSCs within constructs remained viable even after prolonged culture; furthermore, 3D DPSC constructs possessed a self-organization ability necessary to serve as a transplant tissue. For the in vivo study, we filled the human tooth root canal with DPSC constructs and implanted it subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. We found that pulp-like tissues with rich blood vessels were formed within the human root canal 6 wk after implantation. Histologic analyses revealed that transplanted DPSCs differentiated into odontoblast-like mineralizing cells at sites in contact with dentin; furthermore, human CD31–positive endothelial cells were found at the center of regenerated tissue. Thus, the self-organizing ability of 3D DPSC constructs was active within the pulpless root canal in vivo. In addition, blood vessel–rich pulp-like tissues can be formed with DPSCs without requiring scaffolds or growth factors. The technology established in this study allows us to prepare DPSC constructs with variable sizes and shapes; therefore, transplantation of DPSC constructs shows promise for regeneration of pulpal tissue in the pulpless tooth.

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Diomede, Francesca, Thangavelu Soundara Rajan, Valentina Gatta, Marco D’Aurora, Ilaria Merciaro, Marco Marchisio, Aurelio Muttini, et al. "Stemness Maintenance Properties in Human Oral Stem Cells after Long-Term Passage." Stem Cells International 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5651287.

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Background. Neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human oral tissues possess immunomodulatory and regenerative properties and are emerging as a potential therapeutic tool to treat diverse diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, myocardial infarction, and connective tissue damages. In addition to cell-surface antigens, dental MSCs express embryonic stem cell markers as neural crest cells originate from the ectoderm layer. In vitro passages may eventually modify these embryonic marker expressions and other stemness properties, including proliferation. In the present study, we have investigated the expression of proteins involved in cell proliferation/senescence and embryonic stem cell markers during early (passage 2) and late passages (passage 15) in MSCs obtained from human gingiva, periodontal, and dental pulp tissues. Methods. Cell proliferation assay, beta galactosidase staining, immunocytochemistry, and real-time PCR techniques were applied. Results. Cell proliferation assay showed no difference between early and late passages while senescence markers p16 and p21 were considerably increased in late passage. Embryonic stem cell markers including SKIL, MEIS1, and JARID2 were differentially modulated between P2 and P15 cells. Discussion. Our results suggest that the presence of embryonic and proliferation markers even in late passage may potentially endorse the application of dental-derived MSCs in stem cell therapy-based clinical trials.

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I, Takashi, Sawako Noda, Seigo Ohba, Izumi Asahina, and Yoshinori Sumita. "First-in-Human Study to Investigate the Safety Assessment of Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Regeneration with Micronized-Gingival Connective Tissue: A Pilot Case Series Study." Medicines 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines10010009.

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Background: We have recently proposed an alternative strategy of free gingival graft (FGG) and connective tissue graft (CTG) using micronized-gingival connective tissues (MGCTs). The advantage of this strategy is that MGCTs from a small piece of maxillary tuberosity can regenerate the keratinized tissue band. However, safety and efficacy have not yet been established in patients. This clinical study was a pilot case series, and the objective was to assess the safety and the preliminary efficacy of MGCTs on peri-implant mucosa regeneration. Methods: This was a pilot interventional, single-center, first-in-human (FIH), open (no masking), uncontrolled, and single-assignment study. A total of 4 patients who needed peri-implant soft tissues reconstruction around dental implants received transplantation of atelocollagen-matrix with MGCTs micronized by the tissue disruptor technique. The duration of intervention was 4 weeks after surgery. Results: This first clinical study demonstrated that using MGCTs did not cause any irreversible adverse events, and it showed the preliminary efficacy for peri-implant soft tissues reconstruction in dental implant therapy. Conclusions: Though further studies are needed on an appropriate scale, as an alternative strategy of FGG or CTG, MGCTs might be promising for peri-implant mucosa reconstruction without requiring a high level of skills and morbidity to harvest graft tissues.

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Bar, Julia K., Anna Lis-Nawara, and Piotr Grzegorz Grelewski. "Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Secretome and Its Regenerative Potential." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (November 6, 2021): 12018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222112018.

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The therapeutic potential of the dental pulp stem (DSC) cell-derived secretome, consisting of various biomolecules, is undergoing intense research. Despite promising in vitro and in vivo studies, most DSC secretome-based therapies have not been implemented in human medicine because the paracrine effect of the bioactive factors secreted by human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) is not completely understood. In this review, we outline the current data on the hDPSC- and SHED-derived secretome as a potential candidate in the regeneration of bone, cartilage, and nerve tissue. Published reports demonstrate that the dental MSC-derived secretome/conditional medium may be effective in treating neurodegenerative diseases, neural injuries, cartilage defects, and repairing bone by regulating neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and angiogenic processes through secretome paracrine mechanisms. Dental MSC-secretomes, similarly to the bone marrow MSC-secretome activate molecular and cellular mechanisms, which determine the effectiveness of cell-free therapy. Many reports emphasize that dental MSC-derived secretomes have potential application in tissue-regenerating therapy due to their multidirectional paracrine effect observed in the therapy of many different injured tissues.

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Herencsar, Norbert, Todd J. Freeborn, Aslihan Kartci, and Oguzhan Cicekoglu. "A Comparative Study of Two Fractional-Order Equivalent Electrical Circuits for Modeling the Electrical Impedance of Dental Tissues." Entropy 22, no. 10 (October 3, 2020): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101117.

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Background: Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a fast, non-invasive, and safe approach for electrical impedance measurement of biomedical tissues. Applied to dental research, EIS has been used to detect tooth cracks and caries with higher accuracy than visual or radiographic methods. Recent studies have reported age-related differences in human dental tissue impedance and utilized fractional-order equivalent circuit model parameters to represent these measurements. Objective: We aimed to highlight that fractional-order equivalent circuit models with different topologies (but same number of components) can equally well model the electrical impedance of dental tissues. Additionally, this work presents an equivalent circuit network that can be realized using Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) standard compliant RC component values to emulate the electrical impedance characteristics of dental tissues. Results: To validate the results, the goodness of fits of electrical impedance models were evaluated visually and statistically in terms of relative error, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe’s efficiency (NSE), Willmott’s index of agreement (WIA), or Legates’s coefficient of efficiency (LCE). The fit accuracy of proposed recurrent electrical impedance models for data representative of different age groups teeth dentin supports that both models can represent the same impedance data near perfectly. Significance: With the continued exploration of fractional-order equivalent circuit models to represent biological tissue data, it is important to investigate which models and model parameters are most closely associated with clinically relevant markers and physiological structures of the tissues/materials being measured and not just “fit” with experimental data. This exploration highlights that two different fractional-order models can fit experimental dental tissue data equally well, which should be considered during studies aimed at investigating different topologies to represent biological tissue impedance and their interpretation.

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Torrisi, Lorenzo. "Nuclear reaction applied to fluorine depth profiles in human dental tissues." Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering 25, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2019-0026.

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Abstract The nuclear reaction 19F(p, αγ)16O is presented as a valid method to measure the fluorine content in the first superficial layers of teeth. The analysis is performed in-vitro in extracted teeth, both healthy, fluorotic and decayed. It is performed irradiating the tooth with an energetic proton beam and analyzing the emitted high energy alpha particles. The quantitative analysis is performed comparing results with that of a standard sample at a known concentration. The depth profile of fluorine has a maximum content in the first superficial layers. The average concentrations in healthy enamel are of the order of 2 mg/g; it is of about 10 mg/g in fluorotic teeth, and below 0.1 mg/g in decayed teeth. The concentration in the dentine is about 50% lower than in the enamel and the concentrations decrease going from incisors to premolar and to molar teeth. Many results and a literature comparison are presented and discussed.

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Kolmas, Joanna, Dariusz Marek, and Waclaw Kolodziejski. "Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy of Synthetic Hydroxyapatites and Human Dental Tissues." Applied Spectroscopy 69, no. 8 (August 2015): 902–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/14-07720.

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Sui, T., S. Ying, A. M. Korsunsky, and G. Landini. "X-ray Study of Human Dental Tissues Affected by Erythroblastosis Fetalis." Journal of Dental Research 94, no. 7 (April 9, 2015): 1004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034515580987.

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Jo, You-Young, Hee-Jung Lee, Sun-Young Kook, Han-Wool Choung, Joo-Young Park, Jong-Hoon Chung, Yun-Hoon Choung, Eun-Suk Kim, Hyeong-Cheol Yang, and Pill-Hoon Choung. "Isolation and Characterization of Postnatal Stem Cells from Human Dental Tissues." Tissue Engineering 13, no. 4 (April 2007): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.2006.0192.

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John, Christoph. "The corono-apically varying ultrasonic velocity in human hard dental tissues." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 116, no. 1 (July 2004): 545–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1738454.

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García‐Campos, Cecilia, María Martinón‐Torres, Laura Martín‐Francés, Marina Martínez de Pinillos, Mario Modesto‐Mata, Bernardo Perea‐Pérez, Clément Zanolli, et al. "Contribution of dental tissues to sex determination in modern human populations." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 166, no. 2 (February 20, 2018): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23447.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Human dental tissues'

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