Academic literature on the topic 'Human dental tissues'
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Journal articles on the topic "Human dental tissues"
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Ratajczak, Jessica, Annelies Bronckaers, Yörg Dillen, Pascal Gervois, Tim Vangansewinkel, Ronald B. Driesen, Esther Wolfs, Ivo Lambrichts, and Petra Hilkens. "The Neurovascular Properties of Dental Stem Cells and Their Importance in Dental Tissue Engineering." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9762871.
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Within the field of tissue engineering, natural tissues are reconstructed by combining growth factors, stem cells, and different biomaterials to serve as a scaffold for novel tissue growth. As adequate vascularization and innervation are essential components for the viability of regenerated tissues, there is a high need for easily accessible stem cells that are capable of supporting these functions. Within the human tooth and its surrounding tissues, different stem cell populations can be distinguished, such as dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human deciduous teeth, stem cells from the apical papilla, dental follicle stem cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Given their straightforward and relatively easy isolation from extracted third molars, dental stem cells (DSCs) have become an attractive source of mesenchymal-like stem cells. Over the past decade, there have been numerous studies supporting the angiogenic, neuroprotective, and neurotrophic effects of the DSC secretome. Together with their ability to differentiate into endothelial cells and neural cell types, this makes DSCs suitable candidates for dental tissue engineering and nerve injury repair.
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Srot, Vesna, Birgit Bussmann, Ute Salzberger, Christoph T. Koch, and Peter A. van Aken. "Linking Microstructure and Nanochemistry in Human Dental Tissues." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, no. 3 (April 12, 2012): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612000116.
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AbstractMineralized dental tissues and dental pulp were characterized using advanced analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. Quantitative X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy was employed to determine the Ca/P and Mg/P concentration ratios. Significantly lower Ca/P concentration ratios were measured in peritubular dentine compared to intertubular dentine, which is accompanied by higher and variable Mg/P concentration ratios. There is strong evidence that magnesium is partially substituting calcium in the hydroxyapatite structure. Electron energy-loss near-edge structures (ELNES) of C-K and O-K from enamel and dentine are noticeably different. We observe a strong influence of beam damage on mineralized dental tissues and dental pulp, causing changes of the composition and consequently also differences in the ELNES. In this article, the importance of TEM sample preparation and specimen damage through electron irradiation is demonstrated.
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Vashisht, Neha, and Divy Vashisht. "Dental Stem Cells." International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2014/v3i1/80741.
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While the regeneration of a lost tissue is known to mankind for several years, it is only in the recent past that research on regenerative medicine/dentistry has gained momentum and eluded the dramatic yet scientific advancements in the field of molecular biology. The growing understanding of biological concepts in the regeneration of oral/dental tissues coupled with experiments on stem cells is likely to result in a paradigm shift in the therapeutic armamentarium of dental and oral diseases culminating in an intense search for “biological solutions to biological problems.” Stem cells have been successfully isolated from variety of human tissues including orofacial tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells which differentiate into a variety of cell types. The potential MSCs for tooth regeneration mainly include stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), adult dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from apical part of the papilla (SCAPs), stem cells from the dental follicle (DFSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This review article outlines the recent progress in mesenchymal stem cells used in tooth regeneration.
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Gan, Lu, Ying Liu, Dixin Cui, Yue Pan, Liwei Zheng, and Mian Wan. "Dental Tissue-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Potential in Therapeutic Application." Stem Cells International 2020 (September 1, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8864572.
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Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent cells, which exhibit plastic adherence, express specific cell surface marker spectrum, and have multi-lineage differentiation potential. These cells can be obtained from multiple tissues. Dental tissue-derived hMSCs (dental MSCs) possess the ability to give rise to mesodermal lineage (osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes), ectodermal lineage (neurocytes), and endodermal lineages (hepatocytes). Dental MSCs were first isolated from dental pulp of the extracted third molar and till now they have been purified from various dental tissues, including pulp tissue of permanent teeth and exfoliated deciduous teeth, apical papilla, periodontal ligament, gingiva, dental follicle, tooth germ, and alveolar bone. Dental MSCs are not only easily accessible but are also expandable in vitro with relative genomic stability for a long period of time. Moreover, dental MSCs have exhibited immunomodulatory properties by secreting cytokines. Easy accessibility, multi-lineage differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory effects make dental MSCs distinct from the other hMSCs and an effective tool in stem cell-based therapy. Several preclinical studies and clinical trials have been performed using dental MSCs in the treatment of multiple ailments, ranging from dental diseases to nondental diseases. The present review has summarized dental MSC sources, multi-lineage differentiation capacities, immunomodulatory features, its potential in the treatment of diseases, and its application in both preclinical studies and clinical trials. The regenerative therapeutic strategies in dental medicine have also been discussed.
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Baranova, Juliana, Dominik Büchner, Werner Götz, Margit Schulze, and Edda Tobiasch. "Tooth Formation: Are the Hardest Tissues of Human Body Hard to Regenerate?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 4031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114031.
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With increasing life expectancy, demands for dental tissue and whole-tooth regeneration are becoming more significant. Despite great progress in medicine, including regenerative therapies, the complex structure of dental tissues introduces several challenges to the field of regenerative dentistry. Interdisciplinary efforts from cellular biologists, material scientists, and clinical odontologists are being made to establish strategies and find the solutions for dental tissue regeneration and/or whole-tooth regeneration. In recent years, many significant discoveries were done regarding signaling pathways and factors shaping calcified tissue genesis, including those of tooth. Novel biocompatible scaffolds and polymer-based drug release systems are under development and may soon result in clinically applicable biomaterials with the potential to modulate signaling cascades involved in dental tissue genesis and regeneration. Approaches for whole-tooth regeneration utilizing adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or tooth germ cells transplantation are emerging as promising alternatives to overcome existing in vitro tissue generation hurdles. In this interdisciplinary review, most recent advances in cellular signaling guiding dental tissue genesis, novel functionalized scaffolds and drug release material, various odontogenic cell sources, and methods for tooth regeneration are discussed thus providing a multi-faceted, up-to-date, and illustrative overview on the tooth regeneration matter, alongside hints for future directions in the challenging field of regenerative dentistry.
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Ruschel, HC, GD Ligocki, DL Flaminghi, and ACM Fossati. "Microstructure of Mineralized Tissues in Human Primary Teeth." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 35, no. 3 (April 1, 2011): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.35.3.918k0t3270v01285.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the structural characteristics of the mineralized dental tissues - enamel,dentin and cementum - in primary teeth and to correlate the histological aspects observed in function of the dental type – single-rooted or multi-rooted. Method: Eighteen human primary noncarious teeth were sectioned in facial-lingual (single-rooted) and mesio-distal direction (multi-rooted). One to three samples from each tooth were obtained. The samples were prepared by the ground technique and analyzed under light microscopy at different magnifications. A quantitative and descriptive analysis of the morphology of the mineralized tissues was performed. Results: Spindles, tufts and lamellae were consistently observed mainly in the occlusal surface of the primary molars. The scalloped pattern of the dentinoenamel junction was not always present. The same was seen for zones of interglobular dentin. Dead tracts in dentin and tertiary dentin were observed mainly in single-rooted teeth below areas of dental attrition. Areas of cellular and acellular cementum were observed in the two dental types. Conclusions: Primary teeth have some structural peculiarities and these should be investigated concerning the clinical repercussion.
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Pagella, P., A. Cordiale, GD Marconi, O. Trubiani, M. Rasponi, and TA Mitsiadis. "Bioengineered tooth emulation systems for regenerative and pharmacological purposes." European Cells and Materials 41 (May 10, 2021): 502–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22203/ecm.v041a32.
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Genetic conditions, traumatic injuries, carious lesions and periodontal diseases are all responsible for dental pathologies. The current clinical approaches are based on the substitution of damaged dental tissues with inert materials, which, however, do not ensure full physiological recovery of the teeth. Different populations of dental mesenchymal stem cells have been isolated from dental tissues and several attempts have already been made at using these stem cells for the regeneration of human dental tissues. Despite encouraging progresses, dental regenerative therapies are very far from any clinical applications. This is tightly connected with the absence of proper platforms that would model and faithfully mimic human dental tissues in their complexity. Therefore, in the last decades, many efforts have been dedicated for the development of innovative systems capable of emulating human tooth physiology in vitro. This review focuses on the use of in vitro culture systems, such as bioreactors and “organ-on-a-chip” microfluidic devices, for the modelling of human dental tissues and their potential use for dental regeneration and drug testing.
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Han, Jonghyeuk, Da Sol Kim, Ho Jang, Hyung-Ryong Kim, and Hyun-Wook Kang. "Bioprinting of three-dimensional dentin–pulp complex with local differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells." Journal of Tissue Engineering 10 (January 2019): 204173141984584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731419845849.
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Numerous approaches have been introduced to regenerate artificial dental tissues. However, conventional approaches are limited when producing a construct with three-dimensional patient-specific shapes and compositions of heterogeneous dental tissue. In this research, bioprinting technology was applied to produce a three-dimensional dentin–pulp complex with patient-specific shapes by inducing localized differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells within a single structure. A fibrin-based bio-ink was designed for bioprinting with the human dental pulp stem cells. The effects of fibrinogen concentration within the bio-ink were investigated in terms of printability, human dental pulp stem cell compatibility, and differentiation. The results show that micro-patterns with human dental pulp stem cells could be achieved with more than 88% viability. Its odontogenic differentiation was also regulated according to the fibrinogen concentration. Based on these results, a dentin–pulp complex having patient-specific shape was produced by co-printing the human dental pulp stem cell–laden bio-inks with polycaprolactone, which is a bio-thermoplastic used for producing the overall shape. After culturing with differentiation medium for 15 days, localized differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in the outer region of the three-dimensional cellular construct was successfully achieved with localized mineralization. This result demonstrates the possibility to produce patient-specific composite tissues for tooth tissue engineering using three-dimensional bioprinting technology.
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Sehic, Amer, Amela Tulek, Cuong Khuu, Minou Nirvani, Lars Peter Sand, and Tor Paaske Utheim. "Regulatory roles of microRNAs in human dental tissues." Gene 596 (January 2017): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2016.10.009.
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Martin-Gonzalez, Jenifer, Juan J. Segura-Egea, Antonio Pérez-Pérez, Daniel Cabanillas-Balsera, and Víctor Sánchez-Margalet. "Leptin in Dental Pulp and Periapical Tissues: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23041984.
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Leptin is a non-glycosylated 16 kDa protein synthesized mainly in adipose cells. The main function of leptin is to regulate energy homeostasis and weight control in a central manner. There is increasing evidence that leptin also has systemic effects, acting as a link between innate and acquired immune responses. The expression of leptin and its receptor in human dental pulp and periradicular tissues have already been described, as well as several stimulatory effects of leptin protein expression in dental and periodontal tissues. The aim of this paper was to review and to compile the reported scientific literature on the role and effects of leptin in the dental pulp and periapical tissues. Twelve articles accomplished the inclusion criteria, and a comprehensive narrative review was carried out. Review of the available scientific literature concluded that leptin has the following effects on pulpal and periapical physiology: 1) Stimulates odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), 2) Increases the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), odontoblastic proteins involved in odontoblastic differentiation and dentin mineralization, 3) Stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human dental pulp tissue and primary cultured cells of human dental pulp (hDPCs), 4) Stimulates angiogenesis in rat dental pulp cells, and 5) Induces the expression of interleucinas 6 and 8 in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). There is evidence which suggests that leptin is implicated in the dentin mineralization process and in pulpal and periapical inflammatory and reparative responses.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human dental tissues"
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Abdullah, Ahmed. "In vitro and in situ studies to investigate the erosion of human dental tissues." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11292/.
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Sui, Tan. "Thermal-mechanical behaviour of the hierarchical structure of human dental tissue." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2c8e9604-ec4b-4cfa-b6df-fff3e6579492.
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Human dental tissues are fascinating nano-structured hierarchical materials that combine organic and mineral phases in an intricate and ingenious way to obtain remarkable combinations of mechanical strength, thermal endurance, wear resistance and chemical stability. Attempts to imitate and emulate this performance have been made since time immemorial, in order to provide replacement (e.g. in dental prosthodontics) or to develop artificial materials with similar characteristics (e.g. light armour). The key objectives of the present project are to understand the structure-property relationships that underlie the integrity of natural materials, human dental tissues in particular, and the multi-scale architecture of mineralized tissues and its evolution under thermal treatment and mechanical loading. The final objective is to derive ideas for designing and manufacturing novel artificial materials serving biomimetic purposes. The objectives are achieved using the combination of a range of characterization techniques, with particular attention paid to the synchrotron X-ray scattering (Small- and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering, SAXS and WAXS) and imaging techniques (Micro Computed Tomography), as well as microscopy techniques such as Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Mechanical properties were characterized by nanoindentation and photoelasticity; and thermal analysis was carried out via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Experimental observations were critically examined and matched by advanced numerical simulation of the tissue under thermal-mechanical loading. SAXS and WAXS provided the initial basis for elucidating the structure-property relationships in human dentine and enamel through in situ experimentation. Four principal types of experiment were used to examine the thermal and mechanical behaviour of the hierarchical structure of human dental tissue and contributed to the Chapters of this thesis: (i) In situ elastic strain evolution under loading within the hydroxyapatite (HAp) in both dentine and enamel. An improved multi-scale Eshelby inclusion model was proposed taking into account the two-level hierarchical structure, and was validated against the experimental strain evaluation data. The achieved agreement indicates that the multi-scale model accurately reflects the structural arrangement of human dental tissue and its response to applied forces. (ii) The morphology of the dentine-enamel junction (DEJ) was examined by a range of techniques, including X-ray imaging and diffraction. The transition of mechanical properties across the DEJ was evaluated by the high resolution mapping and in situ compression measurement, followed by a brief description of the thermal behaviour of DEJ. The results show that DEJ is a narrow band of material with graded structure and mechanical properties, rather than a discrete interface. (iii) Further investigation regarding the thermo-mechanical structure-property relationships in human dental tissues was carried out by nanoindentation mapping of the nano-mechanical properties in ex situ thermally treated dental tissues. (iv) In order to understand the details of the thermal behaviour, in situ heat treatment was carried out on both human dental tissues and synthetic HAp crystallites. For the first time the in situ ultrastructural alteration of natural and synthetic HAp crystallites was captured in these experiments. The results presented in this thesis contribute to the fundamental understanding of the structure-property integrity mechanisms of natural materials, human dental tissues in particular. These results were reported in several first author publications in peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and a book chapter.
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Montgomery, Janet. "Lead and strontium isotope compositions of human dental tissues as an indicator of ancient exposure and population dynamics." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527341.
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Abstract: This thesis employs lead and strontium isotope analysis of teeth by TIMS to identify migrants amongst British archaeological cemetery populations since the Neolithic. The study evaluates the benefits of combining two independent isotope systems with the exposure information obtained from elemental concentrations of lead and strontium. It demonstrates that they provide complementary information about mobility but highlights how their efficacy fluctuates both spatially and temporally in the periods investigated. Strontium was useful in all periods but heavily biased towards maritime 87Sr/86Sr (~O.7092) making it a poor discriminant between coastal habitats where lead was superior. Lead utility changes following the advent of large-scale mining and metallurgy, when anthropogenic ore lead severs the link between geographical origin and lead exposure. A cultural focussing of British enamel signatures ensues accompanied by a concomitant rise in lead burdens. British lead exposure during the last two millennia appears more indicative of status and the cultural sphere (e.g. rural/urban) than geographical origin. The results are assessed in the light of migration theory and traditional archaeological and osteological indicators. Samples used are core enamel and co-genetic primary crown dentine, which neither model nor remodel in vivo and thus remain representative of a constrained period of childhood. Modem and archaeological teeth are investigated to assess isotope variability intra-enamel, intra-tissue, intra-antimere, intra-dentition, intra-sibling and between mother/child pairs. Recommendations for future tissue sampling and standardisation are made. The fundamentals of tooth biomineralisation are reviewed and clarified, chiefly that incremental enamel structures relate to initial formation not mineralisation; lead and strontium are principally incorporated during mineralisation. Macromorphological preservation proved no guide to biogenic strontium or lead isotope integrity. Mature, but not immature, enamel proved highly resistant to diagenesis whether well preserved or not. Dentine was highly susceptible to diagenesis irrespective of preservation state and is proposed as a proxy for the time averaged isotope signature of the soil. Moreover, it is argued that lead and strontium behave differently in teeth; uptake mechanisms are different and they respond independently to subsequent migration. Results suggest soil leaches were useful but complex and the most suitable leach reagent may be specific to the soil type and isotope system. Two Norse Period immigrants (male and female) were identified at Cnip, Lewis; the the 87Sr/86Sr signatures constrain their origin to Tertiary volcanics. In the North Atlantic these occur on Iceland, Faeroe Isles, and Antrim in Ireland but not Norway. No indubitable immigrants were identified at the Anglian cemetery at West Heslerton, Yorkshire but soil leaches and juveniles suggested a local 87 Sr/86Sr signature range. "Non-locals" included both sexes, weapon burials and unaccompanied burials, providing no evidence for an immigrant group composed solely of male warriors. All analysed burials with wristclasps and cruciform brooches were non-local, supporting Hines' (1984) hypothesis that wristclasps confirm the presence of Norwegian immigrants during this period.
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Al-Hazaimeh, Nawaf Ismail. "Revascularization of human dental pulp using tissue engineering approaches." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582741.
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Advancement in stem cell technology allows for many therapeutic opportunities, including the treatment of previously intractable conditions. Revascularization of dental pulp tissue, and specifically angiogenic differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells, is of great interest due to the crucial role of this process not only in dental pulp regeneration, but also in wound healing and in regenerative medicine in general. One of the challenges of tissue engineering is the ability to provide sufficient blood supply for engineered tissue and organs in the first phase after transplantation. The present study investigated the potential use of HDPSCs in revascularization of dental pulp in vitro as well as in vivo using Matrigel basement membrane as 3D scaffold and compared this data to that of stem cells isolated from dental pulp tissue using the stem cell marker Stro-1. Initially these cells were cultured under angiogenic condition (EGM-2) for cell differentiation and treated with VEGF. The angiogenic potential of human dental pulp stromal/stem cells was investigated at gene and protein level by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis of appropriate angiogenic markers. Moreover we monitored the differentiation of these cells by confocal and light microscopy. In the second part of the present study we investigated the ability of these cells to differentiate and form vascular tissue in an appropriate animal model. Two in vivo models were used; HDPSCs or Stro-1 +CD45- cells were suspended in Matrigel and injected into the root canal space of human tooth sections and implanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice for 3 weeks. The other model was the Matrigel plug assay, which is widely used for angiogenesis studies. qRT-PCR and Immunohistochemistry studies indicated that CD31 and VEGFR-2 were upregulated in HDPSCs and stro-t- CD45- cells in monolayer cultures, and all angiogenic markers (CD31, CD34, vWF, and VEGFR-2) in Matrigel cultures were upregulated as well following treatment with VEGF in endothelial cells growth medium-2. In 3D Matrigel culture, cells were also able to form tube like network structures. These results were confirmed by in vivo study, in which we were able to regenerate vascular like tissue which contained red blood cells in both in vivo models. This data indicated that these vessels are functional when compared to normal vascular tissue in both human and mice. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that HDPSCs and Stro-1 +CD45- cells were induced to express angiogenic markers in vitro and can be recruited in the formation of vascular tissue in a tooth section as well as Matrigel plug constructs in immunocompromised mice. This technique can be used in the future to revascularize dental pulp which will enhance the survival rate of traumatized teeth.
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Feeney, Robin N. M. "MICROTOMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND DENTAL TISSUE DISTRIBUTION IN HUMAN MOLARS." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250270343.
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Rizk, Ahmed El Sayed Mahmoud. "Human dental pulp stem cells expressing TGF{221}-3 transgene for cartilage-like tissue engineering." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47752890.
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A major challenge facing the tissue engineering discipline is cartilage tissue repair
and engineering, because of the highly specialized structure and limited repair
capacity that cartilage possesses. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were identified
about a decade ago as a potential candidate for cell based therapy and tissue
engineering applications. The present study aimed to utilize gene therapy with
isolated DPSCs to induce chondrogenic transgene expression and chondrogenic
lineage differentiation, with the ultimate goal of engineering cartilage tissue-like
constructs.
We isolated DPSCs from human teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment. We
further enriched the isolated population using immunomagnetic bead selection,
which increased stem cell markers: Stro-1 and CD146, compared to unselected
population.
The DPSCs showed the ability to differentiate into the chondrogenic lineage when
induced with recombinant hTGFβ-3 and when transduced with hTGFβ-3
transgene. We successfully constructed the recombinant adeno-associated viral
vector encoding the human TGFβ-3, and determined the best multiplicity of
infection for DPSCs. The transduced DPSCs highly expressed hTGFβ-3 for up to
60 days. Expression of chondrogenic markers; Collagen IIa1, Sox9, and aggrecan
was verified by immunohistochemistry and mRNA.
We successfully fabricated an electrospun nano-fiber scaffold upon which
morphology, proliferation and viability of the DPSCs were examined. DPSCs
attached and proliferated on nano-fiber scaffolds demonstrating better viability
compared to micro-fiber scaffolds.
Transduced cells expressed hTGFβ-3 protein up to 48 days. Cells seeded on nanofiber
scaffolds showed higher expression levels compared to micro-fiber scaffolds
or culture plate.
Scaffolds seeded with DPSCs were implanted in nude mice.
Immunohistochemistry for TGFβ-3 DPSCs constructs (n=5/group) showed
cartilage-like matrix formation with glucoseaminoglycans as shown by Alcian
blue. Immunostaining showed positivity for Collagen IIa1, Sox9 and aggrecan.
Semi-thin sections of the transduced DPSCs constructs examined by transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) showed chondrocytic cellular and intra-cellular
features, as well as extracellular matrix formation (n=2/group).
In vivo constructs with the TGFβ-3 DPSCs showed higher collagen type II and
Sox9 mRNA expression relative to non-transduced DPSCs constructs
(n=5/group). Western blot analysis confirmed this expression pattern on the
protein level (n=3/group).
Engineered constructs mechanical properties were examined and compared to
patellar bovine cartilage to assess functionality (n=5/group). TGFβ-3 transduced
DPSCs constructs showed a higher equilibrium elastic modulus compared to nontransduced
constructs. Micro-fiber scaffolds constructs showed a higher elastic
modulus (0.11 MPa, 18% of bovine cartilage), compared to nano-fiber constructs
modulus (0.032 MPa, 6% of bovine cartilage). Nano-fiber based constructs
showed a similar Poisson‘s ration to bovine cartilage, while that of micro-fiber
scaffolds was lower.
As an alternative gene delivery method, electroporation parameters for DPSCs
transfection were optimized, and compared to commonly used chemical
transfection methods. TGFβ-3 transfected DPSCs showed a significantly higher
relative TGFβ-3 mRNA and protein expression compared to non transfected
control and to eGFP transfected DPSCs. Transfected DPSCs showed increased
relative expression of chondrogenic markers; Collagen II, Sox9 and aggrecan,
compared to non transfected DPSCs.
Successful chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs gene therapy with TGFβ-3
transgene, and seeding them on PLLA/PGA scaffolds makes it a potential
candidate for cartilage tissue engineering and cell based therapy.published_or_final_version
Dentistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Moretti, Rani da Cunha [UNIFESP]. "Medicação pré-operatória dexametasona – os efeitos na cultura primária de células de polpa dental humana." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/39323.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Rede Ibero-Americana de Biofabricação
Introdução: A aplicação de dexametasona em cultura de células mesenquimais induz diferenciação osteoblástica, consequentemente formação de tecidos mineralizados. A Engenharia Tecidual propõe o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas direcionadas à regeneração funcional e estrutural de tecidos biológicos. Nesse sentido, a caracterização celular in vitro é fundamental para garantir o desenvolvimento destas técnicas. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da dexametasona administrada como medicação pré-operatória na cultura de células primárias de polpa dental humana. Métodos: Foram utilizadas células provenientes da polpa de terceiros molares. Essas foram distribuídas em dois grupos experimentais com dois protocolos de medicação pré-operatória utilizados em rotina odontológica, onde no protocolo B, o paciente ingeria 1 comprimido de dexametasona 1hora antes à cirurgia e no A não. A avaliação da proliferação, viabilidade e diferenciação, foram pelos testes Trypan Blue, MTT, Von Kossa e Alizarin Red respectivamente, e realizadas em intervalos fixados. Análise de variância de Friedman e t test foram aplicados, fixando em 95% de confiança. Resultados: As células pertencentes ao protocolo A atingiram pico de proliferação aos 21 dias de cultura enquanto as células do protocolo B em 14. Células do protocolo A foram estatisticamente mais viáveis aos 7 e 21 dias enquanto as do protocolo B, aos 14. Na análise de Von Kossa e Alizarin Red observou-se que as células pertencentes ao protocolo B formaram nódulos de calcificação desde 7 dias de cultura enquanto no A aos 14. Conclusão: A utilização da dexametasona como medicação pré-operatória em cirurgia de terceiros molares promove diferenciação celular precocemente, quando observada in vitro.
Introduction: The use of dexamethasone in mesenchymal cell culture induces osteoblastic differentiation and, consequently, formation of mineralized tissues. Tissue Engineering proposes the development of therapeutic strategies aiming at structural and functional regeneration of biological tissues. In this sense, cell characterization in vitro is critical to ensure the development of such techniques. Objective: To evaluate the effect of dexamethasone administered as preoperative medication in primary cell culture of human dental pulp. Methods: We used cells from the third molar pulp. These cells were divided into two experimental groups, each with two preoperative medication protocols used in dental routine and differentiated by the intake of dexamethasone in one of them. The assessment of proliferation, differentiation, and viability through Trypan Blue, MTT and von Kossa, and Alizarin Red tests, respectively, were held in fixed intervals. Friedman analysis of variance and t test were applied, and confidence interval was set at 95%. Results: Protocol A cells proliferation reached its peak on day 21 while protocol B cells proliferation reached its peak on day 14. Protocol A cells were statistically more viable between days 7 and 21 whereas protocol B cells viability was higher on day 14. Von Kossa and Alizarin Red analyses showed that calcified nodules formation occurred from the seventh day of cell culture in protocol B cells and on day 14 in protocol A cells. Conclusion: The use of dexamethasone as preoperative medication in third molar surgery promotes cell differentiation earlier, when observed in vitro.
FAPESP: 07/51227-4
FAPESP: 08/57860-3
CNPq: 573661/2008-1
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Pääkkönen, V. (Virve). "Expression profiling of human pulp tissue and odontoblasts in vivo and in vitro." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514290053.
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Abstract
Dentin forms the hard tissue portion of the dentin-pulp complex, while the dental pulp is soft connective tissue that retains the vitality of the dentin. Odontoblasts form the outermost cell layer of pulp and play a central role during dentin formation by producing and mineralizing the dentin matrix. The understanding of the defensive reactions in the dentin-pulp complex is limited. Information about the transcriptome and proteome of pulp tissue and odontoblasts would facilitate understanding of their functions during health and disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profiles of human pulp tissue and odontoblasts in vivo and in vitro using large-scale expression analysis methods. Also, the suitability of these methods in pulp biological research in vivo and in vitro was evaluated.
cDNA microarray revealed only minor variation and 2-D electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry revealed no differences between healthy and carious teeth pulp tissue in vivo. The effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on pulp and odontoblasts was studied in vitro using oligonucleotide-based microarrays, and marked changes in the transcriptome were revealed, especially in the expression of chemokine- and cytokine-related genes. Transiently increased interleukin expression was confirmed at the protein level by antibody array.
DNA microarray analysis of native pulp tissue and odontoblasts was used to search for potential odontoblast markers. Only one gene related to extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis, matrilin 4, and two expressed sequence tags (ESTs), which represent transcribed sequences encoding possibly unknown genes, were identified in odontoblasts but not in pulp. Analysis of mature native odontoblasts and cultured odontoblast-like cells by DNA microarray revealed a high similarity (84%) between native and cultured cells. Also, differential expression levels of selected neuronal proteins were observed and confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels.
In conclusion, microarray is a powerful tool for pulp biology, especially for in vitro studies. TGF-β1 was revealed as a potent regulator of proinflammatory responses in the dentin–pulp complex. In addition, several potential odontoblast markers were identified by microarray, and the similarity of cultured odontoblast-like cells used in the study with native odontoblasts
was confirmed.
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Moharamzadeh, Keyvan. "Development of a tissue engineered human oral mucosal model for the assessment of the biocompatibility of resin-based dental materials." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485086.
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Restorative materials and oral health care products come into direct contact with oral mucosa. Components of dental composite resins can be released into the oral cavity and can cause adverse reactions. To obtain an accurate risk assessment, the in vitro test model must reflect the clinical situation as closely as possible. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional tissue engineered human oral mucosal model to assess the biocompatibility of resin-based dental materials. In this study in vitro biocompatibility of resin-based dental materials was assessed using a variety of laboratory techniques including cytotoxicity tests on different monolayer cultures of epithelial cells, chemical analysis of components released. from different composite resin systems, and finally a tissue-engineered human oral mucosal model was developed, characterised and examined for biological assessment of resin-based dental materials. The results showed that dental resin monomers were toxic to the epithelial cells and the monomer TEGDMA was the major component released from composite reins in quantifiable amounts and may be sufficient to cause an adverse reaction. The type of extraction media and the time of analysis had a significant effect on the detection of monomer released from composite resins due to protein binding. A welldifferentiated and highly reproducible full-thickness oral mucosal model was developed and characterised that has the potential to be used for mucotoxicity and biocompatibility assessment of dental materials. Exposure to high-TEGDMA containing composite resins caused a significant mucotoxicity and increased the amount of IL-I J3 released from the oral mucosal model. The 3-D tissue engineered human oral mucosal model is believed to be more clinically relevant than monolayer culture of epithelial cells and the results obtained from multiple-endpoint analysis of the oral mucosal model were more coherent.
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Terada, Andrea Sayuri Silveira Dias. "Utilização do produto Allprotect Tissue Reagent® na estabilização do DNA extraído de tecidos dentais humanos em diferentes condições de armazenamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58137/tde-17052013-110504/.
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A metodologia genético-molecular destaca-se como uma técnica apurada para os processos de identificação humana e, dentre as fontes de evidência biológica, o uso de elementos dentais é de grande interesse. A manutenção da integridade do material enviado ao laboratório é imprescindível para o sucesso dos resultados obtidos e uma das principais dificuldades encontradas é com relação ao armazenamento da amostra, que geralmente é realizado em baixas temperaturas. O presente trabalho avaliou a eficácia do produto Allprotect Tissue Reagent® (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) na estabilização do DNA extraído de tecidos dentais humanos armazenados em diferentes condições. Para tal, foram utilizados 165 elementos dentais, os quais foram distribuídos em dois grupos distintos: dente íntegro e tecido pulpar dental isolado. As amostras foram armazenadas com ou sem a utilização do referido produto, variando o período de tempo (1, 7, 30 e 180 dias) e temperatura (ambiente e refrigeração). Além desses grupos, foi formado um grupo controle positivo composto por cinco elementos dentais armazenados a -20ºC durante 180 dias. Após o armazenamento foi realizada extração do DNA, eletroforese em gel de agarose, quantificação do DNA genômico por PCR Tempo Real e análise de fragmentos de 37 amostras. Os fragmentos de 32 amostras que representavam cada condição possível e as cinco amostras do grupo controle positivo foram analisados, a fim de verificar quatro marcadores pré-selecionados. O gel de agarose mostrou evidências da presença de DNA genômico. Os valores da quantificação foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes Kruscal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. Os resultados mostraram valores que variaram de 0,01 a 10246,88ng/L de DNA. Houve diminuição da concentração de DNA nas amostras de dente armazenadas em temperatura ambiente por 30 e 180 dias em relação às que ficaram armazenadas por 1 e 7 dias. Além do fator tempo, a temperatura também influenciou na concentração de DNA, sendo maior nos dentes que ficaram por 30 dias e na polpa dental mantida por 180 dias, quando refrigerados. Em relação à utilização do produto Allprotect Tissue Reagent® (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), o mesmo mostrou diferença significativa na estabilização dos dentes que foram armazenados em temperatura ambiente durante 30 e 180 dias. A análise de fragmentos foi possível nas 37 amostras selecionadas, independente da quantidade de DNA, confirmando a importância das reações de amplificação e da análise de STR utilizando método automático. Conclui-se que a utilização do produto Allprotect Tissue Reagent® (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) mostrou diferença significativa na estabilização do DNA das amostras de dentes íntegros armazenadas em temperatura ambiente durante 30 e 180 dias, enquanto que nas demais condições testadas, os resultados não evidenciaram justificativas para o uso do produto.The genetic-molecular methodology stands out as an accurate technique for human identification process and among the sources of biological evidence, the use of teeth is of great interest in Forensic Dentistry. Maintaining integrity of the material sent to laboratory is essential for success of the analysis, and one of the main difficulties is related to sample storage, which is usually carried out at low temperatures. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Allprotect Tissue Reagent® (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) in stabilizing DNA extracted from human dental tissues stored under different conditions. In this study were used 165 teeth, distributed in two groups: intact teeth and isolated pulp tissue. The samples were stored with or without the product and varying the storage time (1, 7, 30 and 180 days) and temperature (room temperature and under refrigeration). In addition to these groups, was formed a positive control group, composed by five teeth, which was stored at -20ºC for 180 days. After storage, DNA extraction, electrophoresis on agarose gel and genomic DNA quantification by Real-Time PCR and fragments of 37 samples were performed. The fragments of 32 samples representing every possible condition and five positive control group samples were analyzed to verify four pre-selected markers. The agarose gel showed evidences of genomic DNA presence. Quantification results were statistically analyzed with the tests Kruscal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney. Quantification results showed values ranging from 0.01 to 10,246.88 ng/L of DNA. There was a decrease in DNA concentration in stored tooth samples at room temperature for 30 and 180 days compared to those stored for 1 and 7 days. Besides the time factor, temperature also influenced the DNA concentration, being higher in teeth that remained for 30 days and in tooth pulp maintained for 180 days, under refrigeration. Regarding the use of Allprotect Tissue Reagent® (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) it showed a significant difference in stabilization of stored teeth at room temperature for 30 and 180 days. The analysis of fragments was possible in 37 selected samples, regardless of the DNA quantity variation, confirming that amplification reactions and STR analysis using automated methods provides good results. It was concluded that the use of Allprotect Tissue Reagent® (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) showed a significant difference in stabilizing DNA samples of intact human teeth stored at room temperature for 30 and 180 days, while in the other test conditions the results showed no justification for using this product.
Books on the topic "Human dental tissues"
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Moss-Salentijn, Letty. Dental and oral tissues. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Lea & Febiger, 1990.
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Marlene, Hendricks-Klyvert, ed. Dental and oral tissues: An introduction. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1985.
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Moss-Salentijn, Letty. Dental and oral tissues: An introduction. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1990.
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1956-, Grupe Gisela, and Peters Joris, eds. Microscopic examinations of bioarchaeological remains: Keeping a close eye on ancient tissues. Rahden/Westf: M. Leidorf, 2006.
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Human Teeth – Structure and Composition of Dental Hard Tissues and Developmental Dental Defects [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92497.
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Naji, Stephan, William Rendu, and Lionel Gourichon, eds. Dental Cementum in Anthropology. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108569507.
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Tooth enamel and dentin are the most studied hard tissues used to explore hominin evolution, life history, diet, health, and culture. Surprisingly, cementum (the interface between the alveolar bone and the root dentin) remains the least studied dental tissue even though its unique growth, which is continuous throughout life, has been acknowledged since the 1950s. This interdisciplinary volume presents state-of-the-art studies in cementum analysis and its broad interpretative potential in anthropology. The first section focuses on cementum biology; the second section presents optimized multi-species and standardized protocols to estimate age and season at death precisely. The final section highlights innovative applications in zooarchaeology, paleodemography, bioarchaeology, paleoanthropology, and forensic anthropology, demonstrating how cementochronology can profoundly affect anthropological theories. With a wealth of illustrations of cementum histology and accompanying online resources, this book provides the perfect toolkit for scholars interested in studying past and current human and animal populations.
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Simmer, J. P. Molecular Evolution and Genetic Defects of Teeth: Special Issue, Cells Tissues Organs 2007. S Karger Pub, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Human dental tissues"
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Sui, T., M. A. Sandholzer, E. L. Bourhis, N. Baimpas, G. Landini, and A. M. Korsunsky. "Nano-Scale Thermo-Mechanical Structure-Property Relationships in Human Dental Tissues Studied by Nanoindentation and Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering." In IFMBE Proceedings, 251–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02913-9_64.
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Thieringer, Florian M., Philipp Honigmann, and Neha Sharma. "Medical Additive Manufacturing in Surgery: Translating Innovation to the Point of Care." In Future of Business and Finance, 359–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99838-7_20.
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AbstractAlongside computed tomography, additive manufacturing (also known as three-dimensional or 3D printing) is a significant MedTech innovation that allows the fabrication of anatomical biomodels, surgical guides, medical/dental devices, and customized implants. Available since the mid-1980s, 3D printing is growing increasingly important in medicine by significantly transforming today’s personalized medicine era. 3D printing of biological tissues will provide a future for many patients, eventually leading to the printing of human organs. Unlike subtractive manufacturing (where the material is removed and 3D objects are formed by cutting, drilling, computer numerical control milling, and machining), the critical driver for the exponential growth of 3D printing in medicine has been the ability to create complex geometric shapes with a high degree of functionality. 3D printing also offers the advantage of developing highly customized solutions for patients that cannot be achieved by any other manufacturing technology.
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Brès, E. F., J. Reyes-Gasga, and J. Hemmerlé. "Human Tooth Enamel, a Sophisticated Material." In Extracellular Matrix Biomineralization of Dental Tissue Structures, 243–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76283-4_9.
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Liu, Junjun, and Shangfeng Liu. "Stem Cells from Human Dental Tissue for Regenerative Medicine." In Stem Cells in Toxicology and Medicine, 481–501. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119135449.ch24.
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Sui, Tan, and Alexander M. Korsunsky. "Hierarchical Modeling of Elastic Behavior of Human Dental Tissue Based on Synchrotron Diff raction Characterization." In Advanced Healthcare Materials, 237–68. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118774205.ch7.
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Awasthi, Maj. "Tissues in Human Body." In Manual for Dental Hygienist, 3. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/14199_2.
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Mustafa, Muhammad, Anwar Latif, and Majid Jehangir. "Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Microscopy Study of Human Dental Tissues." In Electron Microscopy. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105054.
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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis of human dental tissues: enamel and dentine, performed by utilizing Nd: YAG laser (𝜆=1064 𝑛𝑚, 𝜏=6 𝑛𝑠, 𝐸=50 𝑚𝐽) to investigate threshold ablation of laser energy density. Quantitative results based on the experiment provide us with threshold ablation value of laser energy density for calcium (Ca) ablation in enamel and dentine tissues. The computed threshold laser energy density for Ca ablation in dentin tissue is 0.38 J/cm2, which is significantly lower than the threshold in the enamel, which is 1.41 J/cm2. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of dental tissues determines that the dentin surface contains pores, voids, and bubbles that make it easy to ablate at low laser energy density, while enamel has a closely packed smear layer structure that is difficult to ablate, requiring high energy densities. These findings are helpful in the field of laser dentistry, where lasers are widely used for dental treatment.
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Anand, Mahindra. "Chapter-03 Tissues." In Anand�s Human Anatomy for Dental Students, 19–26. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11718_3.
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Ramasamy, MV. "Microscopic Study of Cells and Tissues." In Human Anatomy for Dental Students, 555. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11423_45.
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Aswini, Y. B., Vikrant Mohanty, and Kavita Rijhwani. "Fluoride and Other Trace Elements in Dental Hard Tissue." In Human Teeth – Structure and Composition of Dental Hard Tissues and Developmental Dental Defects [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102043.
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Fluorides and other trace elements are a part of various biological and chemical responses in the human body. They collaboratively work with all proteins, enzymes, and co-enzymes to carry out the different functions and in redox reactions. The dietary substances may not have an adequate amount of these essential trace elements, resulting in the development of dental soft and hard tissue disorders associated with their deficiencies. To tackle this, dietary supplements will be needed. So, the current chapter has thoroughly addressed the importance of trace elements in dental hard tissues. This has also discussed the effect of fluoride and other trace elements on dental hard tissues, as there is limited literature available in this area. This will provide an overall understanding of how trace elements are an essential part and their importance in oral diseases control and prevention.
Conference papers on the topic "Human dental tissues"
1
Jelínková, H., K. Hamal, V. Kubeček, T. Dostálová, O. Krejsa, J. Kubelka, Ji Kvapil, and S. Procházka. "Irradiation of human dental tissues using five laser wavelengths." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cwf23.
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This study investigates the efficiency of the Er, Ho, Nd:YAG, and Nd:YAP laser radiation influence on the hard and the soft dental tissues. The penetration depth of the radiation in tissue depends on its absorption in water, which is the function of the laser wavelength. From this point of view the ablation and the cutting effects of the five various wavelengths (1.06 µm, 1.34 µm, 1.44 µm, 2.1 µm, and 2.9 µm) were analyzed.
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Murgo, Dírian O. A., Blanche Cerruti, Marcela L. Redígolo, and Maria C. Chavantes. "Effects of a superpulsed CO2 laser on human teeth." In European Conference on Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecbo.2001.4433_103.
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The effects of laser exposure on mineralized tissues like enamel have been explored for years as a technique to remove caries and for dental hard-tissue preparation. However the efficiency of this technique has been questioned. In this work, six freshly-extracted third molars were irradiated by a superpulse of CO2 laser, generally used in Transmyocardio Revascularization, and submitted to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyzes. The cavities caused by laser irradiation on the dental tissues were analyzed considering its shape and depth. The CO2 superpulse presented a high efficiency in the removal of dental mass and no sign of carbonized tissue was found on the ablated surface. All cavities generated by laser irradiation presented a conic shape with average depth depending on energy density applied.
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Sivakumar, M., V. Oliveira, S. Eugénio, and R. Vilar. "KrF excimer laser processing of human dental hard tissues." In ICALEO® 2006: 25th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing and Laser Microfabrication. Laser Institute of America, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5060894.
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Rego Filho, Francisco de Assis, Maristela Dutra-Corrêa, Gustavo Nicolodelli, Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato, and Maria Tereza de Araujo. "Bovine Versus Human Dental Hard Tissues Under Ultrashort Laser Ablation: Morphological and Physical Aspects." In Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laop.2010.tue3.
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Dostalova, Tatjana, Otakar Krejsa, Helena Jelinkova, and Vaclav Kubecek. "Irradiation of human dental tissues with different laser wavelengths: efficiency of water absorption and energy/pulse parameters." In OE/LASE'93: Optics, Electro-Optics, & Laser Applications in Science& Engineering, edited by Dov Gal, Stephen J. O'Brien, C. T. Vangsness, Joel M. White, and Harvey A. Wigdor. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.148314.
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Fahey, Molly E., Megan K. Jaunich, Ashim Dutta, Darrell B. Tata, Ronald W. Waynant, H. Lawrence Mason, and Kunal Mitra. "Non-Thermal Dental Ablation Using Ultra-Short Pulsed Near Infrared Laser." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176403.
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Ultra-short pulsed lasers are known for their ability to precisely machine materials including human hard and soft tissues while minimizing the amount of thermal energy deposited to the surroundings. Non-thermal ablation produced by ultra-short pulsed lasers in the femtosecond to picosecond range is very effective for dental applications. As shown in Figure 1, most decay occurs in the dentin, which is found between the outer surface (enamel) and the inner region containing the nerve endings (pulp) [1]. Caries removal and the preparation of cavities in dentistry are primarily performed by the use of mechanical drills. The current techniques are invasive and cause patient discomfort. Due to the vibrations of the drills it is necessary to use local anesthetic for the majority of dental procedures. A continuous water spray is used in conjunction with the drills to balance the temperature rise produced by mechanical vibrations. Drills are somewhat limited in precision causing a large amount of healthy tooth to be lost during any restoration process. Replacing a multitude of mechanical tools with one non-invasive, accurate and painless laser treatment will be a huge advancement to the current dental techniques.
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Chun, Keyoung Jin, Hyun Ho Choi, and Jong Yeop Lee. "A Study of the Mechanical Role of Enamel and Dentin in Human Teeth." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86831.
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The dental hard tissues of a tooth are combined of enamel and dentin together. The enamel protects the dentin and comes in direct contact with food during mastication. Bite force is expressed as compression force. The purpose of this study is to identify the primary roles of enamel and dentin during mastication by analyzing their mechanical properties and hardness. Healthy human teeth (age: 19.3 ± 4.1) were used as specimens for mechanical tests. The teeth, which underwent epoxy resin molding, were machine cut to make 10 enamel specimens, 10 dentin specimens and 10 enamel–dentin composite (ED) specimens of 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm × 3.0 mm (Width × Height × Length) in size. Compression tests were conducted using a micro-load system at 0.1 mm/min test speed. Teeth surface hardness (HV) was measured by a Vickers diamond indenter with a 300g indentation load. Data were obtained from 4 points on each enamel specimen and 4 points on each dentin specimen. The strain (%), stress (MPa) and modulus of elasticity (E, MPa) of the specimens were obtained from compression tests. The MAX. strain of the enamel, dentin and ED specimens were 4.5 ± 0.8 %, 11.9 ± 0.1 % and 8.7 ± 2.7 %, respectively. The MAX. stress of the enamel, dentin and ED specimens were 62.2 ± 23.8 MPa, 193.7 ± 30.6 MPa and 126.1 ± 54.6 MPa, respectively. The E values of the enamel, dentin and ED specimens were 1338.2 ± 307.9 MPa, 1653.7 ± 277.9 MPa and 1628.6 ± 482.7 MPa, respectively. The E of the dentin specimens was the highest and the E of the enamel specimens was the lowest, but the E values of all specimens was not significantly different in the T-test (P > 0.1). The measured hardness value of the enamel specimens (HV = 274.8 ± 18.1) was about 4.2 times higher than that of the dentin specimens (HV = 65.6 ± 3.9). Because of the values of MAX. stress and MAX. strain of the enamel specimens, the enamel specimens tended to fracture earlier than the dentin and ED specimens; therefore, enamel was considered to be more brittle than dentin and ED. Enamel is a harder tissue than dentin based on their measured hardness values. Therefore, enamel has a higher wear resistance, making it suitable for grinding and crushing, whereas dentin has a higher force function, making it suitable for abutment against bite force.
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Gaboutchian, Armen Vardgesovich, Vladimir Alexandrovich Knyaz, Sergey Vladimirovich Vasilyev, Anatoly Alexandrovich Maximov, Dmitri Vyacheslavovich Korost, Nikita Valerievich Stepanov, Gohar Razmikovna Petrosyan, and Samvel Vladislavovich Apresyan. "Digital Analysis and Processing of 3D Reconstructions of Human Canine Teeth." In 32nd International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2022-657-667.
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Today micro-focus tomographic scanning methods are widely used in anthropological and palaeoanthropological research. Facilitating application of non-destructive study techniques, it provides essential, detailed and accurate data in terms of dental morphology. These features become of particular importance in studies of unique findings, such as presented in this paper Upper Palaeolithic Sunghirian samples. A range of techniques are applied to study 3D reconstructions of teeth; some of them are taken directly from traditional methods applied to physical objects, others developed on the bases provided by of digital techniques of image processing and analysis. However the majority of research techniques, especially those based on measurements, require appropriate orientation of the teeth being studied. In this regard it should be noted that human teeth have, different morphology which depends to a great extent on their position in arches; in addition teeth are composed of different tissues. Hence these determining factors influence variety of approaches to image processing. The current paper presents fully automated algorithm for orientation of canines, or more specifically, their coronal part composed of enamel. This provides data for 2D and 3D morphological studies usually related to evolutionary aspects or sexual dimorphism.
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Ling-Ling, Cui. "Dental Tissue Engineering of EMPs on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells." In 2016 Eighth International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2016.53.
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Ling-Ling, Cui. "Dental Tissue Engineering on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Based on Tooth Development." In 2017 9th International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2017.0117.
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