Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human chromosome abnormalities

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Human chromosome abnormalities'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Human chromosome abnormalities"

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Tamang, Sonam. "Principles and Applications of Fetal Chromosome Number and Structure Analysis." Sriwijaya Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1, no. 2 (December 20, 2023): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.59345/sjog.v1i2.83.

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A crucial diagnostic technique employed in prenatal diagnosis is examining the quantity and arrangement of fetal chromosomes. The fundamental premise of this study is to determine the chromosomal count in the fetal cells and detect any genetic or chromosomal abnormalities that may be present. A total of 46 chromosomes are typically present in the human body, organized into 23 pairs. These pairs include one pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes. This study enables the identification of chromosomal abnormalities, such as trisomy (the presence of an additional chromosome) and monosomy (the absence of a chromosome), which can have an impact on the health of the fetus. In addition to determining the number of chromosomes, this examination can also detect structural chromosome abnormalities like translocations, deletions, and duplications, which might potentially affect the health of the fetus. This investigation's findings provide significant insights to both patients and clinicians, enabling them to make more informed choices about continuing the pregnancy and receiving appropriate medical attention if genetic abnormalities are detected. This study can also be utilized for the identification of particular genetic illnesses associated with specific gene mutations, thereby aiding in treatment strategizing and postnatal readiness.
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Dang, Tien-Truong, Thi Mui Phung, Hoang Le, Thi-Bich-Van Nguyen, Thi Sim Nguyen, Thi Lien Huong Nguyen, Vu Thi Nga, Dinh Toi Chu, Van Luong Hoang, and Duy Bac Nguyen. "Preimplantation Genetic Testing of Aneuploidy by Next Generation Sequencing: Association of Maternal Age and Chromosomal Abnormalities of Blastocyst." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 24 (December 20, 2019): 4427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.875.

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BACKGROUND: Aneuploidy is a major cause of miscarriages and implantation failure. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is able to detect of the numeral and structural chromosomal abnormalities of embryos in vitro fertilization (IVF). AIM: This study was aimed to assess the relationship between maternal age and chromosomal abnormalities NGS technology. METHODS: 603 human trophectoderm (TE) biopsied samples were tested by Veriseq kit of Illumina. The relation of marternal age and chromosomal abnormality of blastocyst embryo was evaluated. RESULTS: Among the 603 TE samples, 247 samples (42.73%) presented as chromosomal abnormalities. The abnormalities occurred to almost chromosomes, and the most popular aneuploidy observed is 22. Aneuploidy rate from 0.87% in chromosome 11 to 6.06% in chromosome 22. The rate of abnormal chromosome increased dramatically in group of mother's ages over 37 (54.17%) comparing to group of mother's ages less than 37 (38.05%) (p < 0.000). The Abnormal chromosome and maternal age has a positive correlation with r = 0.4783 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: These results showed high rate abnormal chromosome and correlated with advanced maternal age of blastocyst embryos.
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Gontar, Y. V., O. Y. Verlinsky, I. E. Ilyin, and O. M. Fedota. "Investigation of human aneuploidy and polyploidy in subcidiary reproductive technology programs." Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv 14, no. 1 (June 20, 2016): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/visnyk.utgis.14.1.539.

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Aim. To evaluate the frequency of aneuploidy and polyploidy among sperm, preimplantation embryos, the embryos stopped in development, developing fetuses and adults studied in the framework of subsidiary reproductive technologies. Methods. To determine the chromosomes of cells from samples of different biological material cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic methods were used. Results. The highest frequency of aneuploidy is observed among the preimplantation embryos (69.1 %) and the embryos stopped in development (60.9 %). Aneuploid/euploid chromosome set ratio is similar for both genders in all research objects except embryos stopped in development: for females it was 1:1, for males – 1.8:1. Among the spermatozoa most frequent is aneuploidy along the 18th (27 %) and sex (30.3 %) chromosomes, among preimplantation embryos – along the 13th chromosome (31.1 %), among abortuses along the 18th chromosome (40 6 %), fetuses – along the 21st chromosome (72.2 %). Sex ratio among polyploid preimplantation embryos – 1:1, among the embryos stopped in development – 2.5:1 in favor of males. Conclusions. The high frequency of aneuploidy among the early embryos is a leading cause of implantation failure, spontaneous abortion at different timing or the presence of multiple fetal malformations. Preimplantation genetic screening is essential for reducing the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and increase in the effectiveness of subsidiary reproductive technologies.Keywords: chromosomal abnormalities, aneuploidy, polyploidy, karyotype, preimplantation genetic screening.
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Munne, S. "Chromosome abnormalities in human embryos." Human Reproduction Update 4, no. 6 (November 1, 1998): 842–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/4.6.842.

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McFadden, Deborah E., and J. M. Friedman. "Chromosome abnormalities in human beings." Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 396, no. 1-2 (December 1997): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0027-5107(97)00179-6.

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Donate, Anna, Anna M. Estop, Jesús Giraldo, and Cristina Templado. "Paternal Age and Numerical Chromosome Abnormalities in Human Spermatozoa." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 148, no. 4 (2016): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000446724.

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This study explores the relationship between numerical chromosome abnormalities in sperm and age in healthy men. We performed FISH in the spermatozoa of 10 donors from the general population: 5 men younger than 40 years of age and 5 fertile men older than 60 years of age. For each chromosome, 1,000 sperm nuclei were analyzed, with a total of 15,000 sperm nuclei for each donor. We used a single sperm sample per donor, thus minimizing intra-donor variability and optimizing consistent analysis. FISH with a TelVysion assay, which provides data on aneuploidy of 19 chromosomes, was used in order to gain a more genome-wide perspective of the level of aneuploidy. Aneuploidy and diploidy rates observed in the younger and older groups were compared. There were no significant differences in the incidence of autosomal disomy, sex chromosome disomy, total chromosome disomy, diploidy, nor total numerical abnormalities between younger and older men. This work confirms that aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes is more common than that of autosomes and that this does not change with age. Our results suggest that some probe combinations have a tendency to indicate higher levels of diploidy, thus potentially affecting FISH results and highlighting the limitations of FISH.
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Hall, Judith G. "How imprinting is relevant to human disease." Development 108, Supplement (April 1, 1990): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.108.supplement.141.

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Genomic imprinting appears to be a ubiquitous process in mammals involving many chromosome segments whose affects are dependent on their parental origin. One of the challenges for clinical geneticists is to determine which disorders are manifesting imprinting effects and which families are affected. Re-evaluation of cases of chromosomal abnormalities and family histories of disease manifestations should give important clues. Examination of the regions of human chromosomes homologous to mouse imprinted chromosomal regions may yield useful information. Cases of discordance in monozygous twins may also provide important insights into imprinted modification of diseases.
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Morris, SW, MB Valentine, DN Shapiro, JE Sublett, LL Deaven, JT Foust, WM Roberts, DP Cerretti, and AT Look. "Reassignment of the human CSF1 gene to chromosome 1p13-p21." Blood 78, no. 8 (October 15, 1991): 2013–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v78.8.2013.2013.

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Abstract Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1 or M-CSF) is encoded by a single gene that was previously assigned to the long arm of chromosome 5, band q33.1, in a region adjacent to the gene encoding its receptor (Pettenati MJ, et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:2970, 1987). Using fluorescence in situ hybridization with genomic probes to examine normal metaphase chromosomes, we reassigned the human CSF1 gene to the short arm of chromosome 1, bands p13-p21. We confirmed this result by hybridizing a CSF1 cDNA probe to filters containing flow-sorted chromosomes and by identifying CSF1 sequences in DNAs extracted from human x rodent somatic cell hybrids that contained human chromosome 1 but not human chromosome 5. Our findings are consistent with studies that have shown tight linkage between the murine CSF1 and amylase genes, as part of a conserved linkage group between mouse chromosome 3 and the short arm of human chromosome 1, which also includes the genes encoding the beta subunits of thyrotropin and nerve growth factor. Assignment of the CSF1 gene to chromosome 1 at bands p13-p21 raises the possibility that it may be altered by certain nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities arising in human hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors.
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Morris, SW, MB Valentine, DN Shapiro, JE Sublett, LL Deaven, JT Foust, WM Roberts, DP Cerretti, and AT Look. "Reassignment of the human CSF1 gene to chromosome 1p13-p21." Blood 78, no. 8 (October 15, 1991): 2013–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v78.8.2013.bloodjournal7882013.

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Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1 or M-CSF) is encoded by a single gene that was previously assigned to the long arm of chromosome 5, band q33.1, in a region adjacent to the gene encoding its receptor (Pettenati MJ, et al, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:2970, 1987). Using fluorescence in situ hybridization with genomic probes to examine normal metaphase chromosomes, we reassigned the human CSF1 gene to the short arm of chromosome 1, bands p13-p21. We confirmed this result by hybridizing a CSF1 cDNA probe to filters containing flow-sorted chromosomes and by identifying CSF1 sequences in DNAs extracted from human x rodent somatic cell hybrids that contained human chromosome 1 but not human chromosome 5. Our findings are consistent with studies that have shown tight linkage between the murine CSF1 and amylase genes, as part of a conserved linkage group between mouse chromosome 3 and the short arm of human chromosome 1, which also includes the genes encoding the beta subunits of thyrotropin and nerve growth factor. Assignment of the CSF1 gene to chromosome 1 at bands p13-p21 raises the possibility that it may be altered by certain nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities arising in human hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors.
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Weier, Heinz-Ulli G., Jingly F. Weier, Maria Oter Renom, Xuezhong Zheng, Pere Colls, Aida Nureddin, Chau D. Pham, Lisa W. Chu, Catherine Racowsky, and Santiago Munné. "Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Spectral Imaging Analysis of Human Oocytes and First Polar Bodies." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 53, no. 3 (March 2005): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.4b6391.2005.

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We investigated the frequencies of abnormalities involving either chromosome 1, 16, 18, or 21 in failed-fertilized human oocytes. Although abnormalities involving chromosome 16 showed an age-dependent increase, results for the other chromosomes did not show statistically significant differences among the three age groups, <35 years, 35–39 years, and >39 years. The scoring of four chromosomes is likely to underestimate the true rate of aneuploid cells. Therefore, for a pilot study investigating a more-comprehensive analysis of oocytes and their corresponding first polar bodies, we developed a novel eight-probe chromosome enumeration scheme using fluorescence in situ hybridization and spectral imaging analysis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human chromosome abnormalities"

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Downie, Sarah Elizabeth. "Detection of chromosomes and chromosomal abnormalities in human sperm." Title page, contents and overview only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd751.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 135-151. A study of chromosomal abnormalities and the localisation of chromosomes in human sperm, especially from men with TSD, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The project entailed: 1. development of reliable FISH protocols, 2. determination of basline frequencies of aneuploidy, 3. analysis of chromosomal abnormalities in men with severe TSD and 4. assessment of the localisation of individual chromosomes within the sperm head.
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Lahn, Bruce T. 1968. "The human Y chromosome : gene content and chromosomal abnormalities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49655.

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Ben, Amor Hanene. "Chromosome abnormalities in preimplantation bovine embryos." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111790.

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Studies suggest that chromosomal abnormalities notably mosaicism consisting of normal and abnormal cells is a common feature observed in mammalian preimplantation embryos. The data on chromosome abnormalities in bovine embryos however, are limited. The principal aim of this study was to investigate chromosome abnormalities and their effect on the development of bovine embryos produced in vitro. 193 embryos were evaluated for chromosomal abnormalities, using dual fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with developed DNA probes for X and Y chromosomes. Our results demonstrate that uniformly abnormal embryos were found mostly at the early cleavage stages, and embryos with extensive chromosome abnormalities were usually arrested by the morula stage. Chromosomal mosaicism was observed at the 2- cell stage and increased steadily with subsequent stages of development. By the blastocyst stage, chromosomal mosaicism was the main abnormality observed and affected 95% of the blastocysts. Most of the mosaic blastocysts comprised of diploid and tetraploid cells. In the second part, a detailed analysis of 121 day 7 and days 9-10 blastocysts, demonstrated that the proportion of polyploid cells in most of the morphologically good quality embryos was less than 15%, which was significantly lower than in poor quality embryos. [...]
II a ete suggere que des anomalies chromosomiques particulierement le mosaicism sont frequemment rencontres chez les embryons des bovins produit in vitro, cependant les donnees disponibles sont tres limitees. Le but principal de cette etude est d'evaluer les anomalies chromosomiques particulierement le mosaicism au different stades de developpement embryonnaire par FISH en utilisant des probes 'ADN pour les chromosomes X et Y. Nos resultats demontrent que des embryons uniformement anormales ont ete surtout trouves aux premiers stades de cleavage, temoignant que les embryons avec une vaste anomalie affectant la totalite des embryons sont souvent arretes au stade du morula. Le mosaicism chromosomique a ete rencontre dans tous les stades de developpement et il a augmente emarquablement pendant le developpement embryonnaire. Ainsi, au stade du blastocyst, le mosaicism chromosomique etait l'anomalie principale observee avec 95 % de blastocysts analyses devenant mosaiques. [...]
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Clouston, Hazel J. "An investigation of chromosome abnormalities in the human blastocyst." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397361.

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James, Rowena Sarah. "Genomic imprinting and the aetiology of human chromosome abnormalities." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295874.

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Nancarrow, Julie. "Studies of fragile sites on human chromosome 16 /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn1755.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, 1998.
Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-222).
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Glassberg, Andrea E. "Genetic testing for susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer : a case study of clinical decision-making in medical genetics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10308.

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Conn, Clare Maria. "Molecular cytogenetic analysis of chromosome abnormalities in early human embryos." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399168.

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Deng, Wen. "Dynamics of chromosome instability in human cells undergoing immortalization." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31375972.

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Deng, Wen, and 鄧文. "Dynamics of chromosome instability in human cells undergoing immortalization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31375972.

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Books on the topic "Human chromosome abnormalities"

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Frederick, Hecht, ed. Fragile sites on human chromosomes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.

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B, Berch Daniel, Bender Bruce G, and American Association for the Advancement of Science. National Meeting, eds. Sex chromosome abnormalities and human behavior: Psychological studies. Boulder, Colo: Published by Westview Press for the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1990.

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1926-, Hirschhorn Kurt, Paul Natalie W, and March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation., eds. A guide to human chromosome defects. 3rd ed. White Plains, N.Y. (1275 Mamaroneck Ave., White Plains 10605): March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, 1992.

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Pai, G. Shashidhar. Handbook of chromosomal syndromes. New York: J. Wiley, 2003.

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G, Obe, and Natarajan A. T, eds. Chromosomal aberrations: Basic and applied aspects. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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G, Obe, and Natarajan A. T, eds. Chromosomal alterations: Origin and significance. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994.

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S, Verma Ram, and Babu Arvind, eds. Human chromosomes: Principles and techniques. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.

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F, Carter Ronald, ed. Genetic testing: Care, consent and liability. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Liss, 2006.

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universitet, Københavns, ed. Characterization of DNA polymorphisms on human chromosome 21 and their use in the study of unbalanced karyotypes, with special reference to nondisjunction in trisomy 21. Denmark]: Alma, 1996.

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A, Sandberg Avery, ed. The Y chromosome. New York: A.R. Liss, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human chromosome abnormalities"

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Therman, Eeva. "Numerical Sex Chromosome Abnormalities." In Human Chromosomes, 176–81. New York, NY: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0269-8_19.

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Martin, Renée H. "Chromosome Abnormalities in Human Sperm." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 181–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9190-4_15.

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Ye, Christine J., Sarah Regan, Guo Liu, Batoul Abdallah, Steve Horne, and Henry H. Heng. "Unclassified Chromosome Abnormalities and Genome Behavior in Interphase." In Human Interphase Chromosomes, 107–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62532-0_6.

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Hardy, Kathy, and Terry Hassold. "Chromosome Abnormalities in Human Pregnancy Loss." In Handbook of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies in Reproductive Medicine, 315–29. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003024941-28.

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Jacobs, P. A., and T. J. Hassold. "Chromosome Abnormalities: Origin and Etiology in Abortions and Livebirths." In Human Genetics, 233–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71635-5_28.

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Rowley, J. D. "Chromosome Abnormalities and Oncogenes in Human Leukemia and Lymphoma." In Human Genetics, 401–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71635-5_54.

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Kalousek, Dagmar K., Naomi Fitch, and Barbara A. Paradice. "Chromosome Abnormalities and Phenotype in Previable Fetuses." In Pathology of the Human Embryo and Previable Fetus, 181–202. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2111-9_9.

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Stenman, G., J. Bullerdiek, S. Bartnitzke, P. Sahlin, E. Röijer, and J. Mark. "Specificity and Implications of Chromosome 12 Abnormalities in Pleomorphic Adenomas." In Chromosome 12 Aberrations in Human Solid Tumors, 3–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06255-5_1.

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Dmitrovsky, E., E. Rodriguez, F. Samaniego, V. E. Reuter, W. H. Miller, N. L. Geller, G. J. Bosl, and R. S. K. Chaganti. "Analysis of Chromosome 12 Abnormalities in Male Germ Cell Cancers." In Pathobiology of Human Germ Cell Neoplasia, 119–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84485-0_13.

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Bloomfield, C. D., D. C. Arthur, E. G. Levine, G. Frizzera, K. J. Gajl-Peczalska, T. W. LeBien, D. D. Hurd, and B. A. Peterson. "Chromosome Abnormalities in Malignant Lymphoma: Biologic and Clinical Correlations." In Modern Trends in Human Leukemia VI New Results in Clinical and Biological Research Including Pediatric Oncology, 145–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70385-0_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human chromosome abnormalities"

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Abbase, Saeid, Hassan Khotanlou, Mahlagha Afrasiabi, and Atefeh Asgari. "Automatic identification of chromosomal abnormalities in metaphase karyotype using paired images in human chromosomes." In 2015 2nd International Conference on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Innovation (KBEI). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kbei.2015.7436140.

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Mallakin, Ali, Kazushi Inoue, and Martin Guthold. "In-Situ Quantitative Analysis of Tumor Suppressor Protein (hDMP1) Using a Nanomechanical Cantilever Beam." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84503.

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This study is focused on testing “immuno-sensors” of micro-cantilever beams for the purpose of future design of high-throughout bioassays. We currently study the aberrant expression, deletion and mutation of hDMP1 (Human DMP1) in human lung cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among men and women in North America. There are four major histological subtypes of human lung cancer: small-cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (AC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and large-cell carcinoma (LCC). The hDMP1 locus is localized on chromosome 7q21, a region frequently deleted as part of the 7q-minus and monosomy 7 abnormalities of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Recent data demonstrate the critical role of Dmp1 in Ras-Raf-Arf signaling and cellular senescence. In order to study the interactions of hDMP1 gene product and selected tumor markers with BioMEMS devices, protein coating (Antibody) conduct on cantilevers with silicon nitride (SiNx) surfaces. Silicon nitride surface has the potential to provide a good interface for BioMEMS devices, due to enhanced adherence of substances on this surface. The cantilever biosensors coated with hDMP1 antibody were used for the detection of hDMP1 antigen, which is known to be a tumor suppressor protein. Results revealed that the changes in nano-mechanical forces provided sufficient differential torque to bend the cantilever beam upon injection of the antigen. Theoretical models have been developed for the prediction of the vibrational responses of atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers before and after antigen/antibody interaction. Exposure of the proteins to micro-cantilever (MC) resulted in un-reversible large stress. Static deflection of micro-cantilever appeared as a result of the surface stresses that are induced by changes upon antibody-antigen interaction. This indicated that the micro-cantilever approach is useful for detecting proteins and tumor markers, and this system is applicable as a model to design miniaturized biosensor systems. We also applied gene micro-array to identify unknown targets for hDMP1 and extend our observation of the complicated process of carcinogenesis.
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Anu, A., R. Loganathan, and M. Umadevi. "An automated detection and morphological classification of numerical abnormalities in human chromosomes." In IET Chennai Fourth International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Intelligent Systems (SEISCON 2013). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2013.0337.

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Bachor, Ruediger, Ella D. Reich, Klaus Kleinschmidt, and Richard E. Hautmann. "Detection of numerical chromosomal abnormalities (chr. 1 and 18) before and after photodynamic therapy of human bladder carcinoma cells in vitro." In BiOS Europe '97, edited by Kristian Berg, Benjamin Ehrenberg, Zvi Malik, Johan Moan, and Abraham Katzir. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.297814.

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