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Journal articles on the topic 'Human capital'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 October 2024

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1

Savage, Jesse Dillon, and Jonathan D. Caverley. "When human capital threatens the Capitol." Journal of Peace Research 54, no. 4 (July 2017): 542–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343317713557.

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How does aid in the form of training influence foreign militaries’ relationship to domestic politics? The United States has trained tens of thousands of officers in foreign militaries with the goals of increasing its security and instilling respect for human rights, democracy, and civilian control. We argue that training increases the military’s power relative to the regime in a way that other forms of military assistance do not. While other forms of military assistance are somewhat fungible, allowing the regime to shift resources towards coup-proofing, human capital is a resource vested solely in the military. Training thus alters the balance of power between the military and the regime resulting in greater coup propensity. Using data from 189 countries from 1970 to 2009 we show that greater numbers of military officers trained by the US International Military Education and Training (IMET) and Countering Terrorism Fellowship (CTFP) programs increases the probability of a military coup.

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Irawan, Sadono, and Abdul Malik. "Performance, Technology and Human Capital." SPLASH Magz 1, no. 2 (April 21, 2021): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54204/splashmagzvol1no1pp56to59.

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This study examines technology inclusion, education investment, health investment and economic growth in Indonesia using secondary data from world banks processed quantitatively using the moving average autoregression method. We find that investment in health, investment in education, and technology inclusion are positively related to economic growth. This shows that in Indonesia it is in accordance with the solow growth theory where technology in Indonesia has a positive impact along with Indonesia's human capital.

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3

Husen, Mr Shaikh Matin Shaikh. "Economic Growth and Human Capital." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-4 (June 30, 2019): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23628.

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4

Morales-Urrutia, Ximena, Juan Pablo Martínez Mesías, and Karen Yucsin Miranda. "Human capital and per capita income in Ecuador." Medwave 23, S1 (September 1, 2023): eUTA327. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2023.s1.uta327.

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Introducción A nivel mundial la importancia del capital humano para generar procesos de crecimiento del ingreso per cápita en los países es bien conocida (Camacho & Bajaña, 2020). Se han identificado que las mejoras en el nivel de educación, la experiencia laboral y la capacitación de la mano de obra tienen fuertes efectos en la productividad, que a su vez mejoran el crecimiento, la economía y con esto también generan un mejor ingreso para las personas. Por lo mismo, se sabe que en los países desarrollados han sido los incrementos del capital humano los que han llevado procesos de crecimiento a largo plazo (Colon & Flores, 2012). En este sentido, esta es una variable de gran interés para las economías, porque puede ayudar a que éstas dejen atrás sus problemas estructurales, bajo crecimiento, desempleo e inflación y generen mejores condiciones económicas que determinen mejores ingresos per cápita para la población (Vaca, 2016). En Latinoamérica, en los países más grandes de esta región como Chile, Brasil, Argentina y Uruguay se identificó que los procesos de crecimiento económico de estos países han estado acompañados de mejoras de la inversión privada, que han producido mejoras en el capital humano de estas economías (CEPAL, 2015). Esto quiere decir que el capital extranjero de los países desarrollados ha llegado para estos países y ha mejorado la capacitación o el nivel de capital humano de estas economías, lo que permite el desarrollo de mayores industrias o de otros sectores económicos como la agricultura, tecnología y servicios financieros, los cuales permiten mejorar las economías en estos países y han determinado crecimiento del ingreso per cápita en los mismos (Sanchez & Prada, 2014). Objetivos Determinar si el nivel de capital humano incide en el ingreso per cápita de los ecuatorianos en el periodo 2000-2020. Método En el estudio se realizará estadística descriptiva; que permitirá entender los cambios que se han presentado en las dos variables de estudio de manera individual. Del mismo modo, con el fin de analizar la relación entre el capital humano y la renta per cápita en el Ecuador se elaborará un modelo econométrico de series de tiempo de regresión lineal multiplex estimado por Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO). Principales resultados Los resultados del análisis econométrico que se estableció para determinar la incidencia del capital humano en el ingreso per cápita de los ecuatorianos en el periodo 1990-2020 muestran que en el modelo de regresión lineal múltiple estimado por mínimos cuadrados se obtuvo un R cuadrado de 0,95, lo que determina que el capital humano medido por medio de los años de estudio de la población promedio es estadísticamente significativa para explicar los cambios en la renta per cápita del Ecuador en el periodo de estudio. Esto se verifica en que esta variable presenta un p-valor < 0,0001 de y un estadístico t de 5, 61 por lo cual cuando el capital humano medido por medio de los años de educación aumenta en un año, a su vez, el ingreso per cápita aumenta en 1351 dólares. Esto debido a que las variables presentan una relación positiva, crece el capital humano y de igual manera crece el ingreso per cápita. Por otro lado, la prueba de cointegración de Engel y Granger demostró que las variables no muestran una sincronización a largo plazo. Conclusiones La evolución de los diferentes indicadores de capital humano de la economía ecuatoriana en el periodo de estudio 1990-2020 permiten definir que todos los indicadores del capital humano en la economía de estudio han presentado mejoras significativas, esto sobre todo es visible en los años promedio de estudio de la población y el crecimiento de la fuerza laboral con una educación media o superior. Estas mejoras se han dado de manera gradual y progresiva respondiendo a las diversas estrategias de educación y capacitación que los distintos gobiernos han aplicado, pero sobre todo gracias a la propia iniciativa de las personas las cuales entiende que la educación es un elemento básico para determinar su futuro ingreso.

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5

Pivovarov, V. I., and V. V. Mazur. "Human capital." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 4-1 (February 20, 2013): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-68057.

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6

DeMarco, T., and T. Lister. "Human capital." IEEE Software 15, no. 6 (1998): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/52.730859.

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7

McDonough, Tom. "Human/Capital." October 153 (July 2015): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00229.

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This essay inquires into the vexed place of labor in the work of Cindy Sherman. Noting the curious absence of images of workingwomen among the vast repertoire of feminine types featured in the artist's photographs, it turns to her oft-disparaged film Office Killer (1997) to consider the stakes of representing class and labor within the contemporary regime of neoliberalism. The lead character in this horror film is read as an exemplar of human capital, an “entrepreneur of the self,” and as such, an updated version of the vampire-like tendencies of capital already discussed by Marx a century ago. Moving away from the prevalent psychoanalytic discourse around Sherman's work, the essay attempts to root her production within the larger social relations of present-day labor.

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NICHOLS, RODNEY W. "Human Capital." Sciences 39, no. 6 (November 12, 1999): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2326-1951.1999.tb03444.x.

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9

Nisbet, Peter. "Human capital vs social capital." International Journal of Social Economics 34, no. 8 (July 10, 2007): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068290710763044.

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Maune, Alexander. "Human capital intelligence and economic development." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 564–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-2).2016.13.

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This article explored human capital intelligence and economic development in Zimbabwe with some examples adopted from Israel and many other countries. A qualitative-exploratory literature review methodology was used for the purpose of this study because of its suitability. The primary concern of the author was to have and provide an in-depth analysis and understanding of the multiple realities and truths pertaining to human capital intelligence and economic development in Zimbabwe. An inductive approach was adopted for the purpose of this study. The findings of this article will make it possible to generalise the role of human capital intelligence towards economic development of a country and to develop some valuable propositions for future studies. The findings showed that human capital intelligence plays a critical role in economic development, through laying a foundation for economic development, attracting foreign direct investment, personal remittances, as well as attracting venture capitalists. Empirical evidence from countries such as Israel shows the criticality of human capital intelligence development to economic development of a nation. This article will assist business managers, societal leaders, policymakers, as well as governments to understand the criticality of human capital intelligence towards the development of a company, society and nation at large. This article has, therefore, academic, societal and business value. Keywords: Zimbabwe, economic development, human capital, intelligence, intellectual capital. JEL Classification: O1, J41, O34

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Brintseva, Olena. "Factors of human capital fictivization: current trends and influence on the processes of reproduction of human capital." Social and labour relations: theory and practice 8, no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/slrtp.8(2).2018.04.

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The proliferation of unproductive forms of human capital, deepening of the processes of its digitization, which is currently taking place in the sphere of education, health care and social and labor sphere, is a rather threatening trend for the national economy. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to study the influence of the main factors of the process of the formation of labor potential, the development, use and preservation of human capital in the field of education, health care and social and labor sphere, as well as substantiation of the ways of reducing the negative influence of the factors of digitization. The existing asymmetries in socio-economic development are described, the deepening of which contributes to the spread of unproductive forms of human capital are described by the author. In the educational sphere, it is primarily the reduction of the quality of educational services and corruption; low wages; low level of academic integrity, etc. In the health sector, the processes of filing are primarily due to the poor state of the material base of the national state health care institutions; low wages in state health care institutions; low availability of quality medical services for the general population; insufficient distribution of a culture of health support throughout life, etc. In the social and labor sphere of human capitalization, the following factors contribute to the following: low wages in the whole economy; low social stability, low social guarantees; orientation of entrepreneurs for «fast results», short-term planning; discrimination of certain categories of people in the labor market; low level of social responsibility of the state, etc.

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12

Phonginwong, Rapheephan, Nuttawut Chookhun, Chairung Chaikambang, Napaporn Shupkulmongkol, and Sasiphimmat Hongsombud. "Human Capital, Innovation Awareness, Social Responsibility, and Human Resource Success." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 9, no. 5 (October 2018): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2018.9.5.617.

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13

Uzuegbunam, Ikenna, Yin-Chi Liao, Luke Pittaway, and G. Jason Jolley. "Human capital, intellectual capital, and government venture capital." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 6, no. 3 (November 6, 2017): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-d-17-00008.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of human and intellectual capital on start-ups’ attainment of government venture capital (GVC). It is theorized that as a result of government predisposition toward enhancing knowledge spillover and certifying underinvested start-ups, different types of human and intellectual capital possessed by start-ups will distinctly affect GVC funding. Design/methodology/approach The Kauffman Firm Survey, a panel data set of 4,928 new US firms over a five-year period (2004-2008), serves as the data source. Ordinary least squares regression, coupled with generalized estimating equations to check for robustness, is used to determine the effect of human and intellectual capital on GVC funding. Findings Founders’ educational attainment has a greater impact than their occupational experience in GVC funding. While the number of patents owned by the start-up increases GVC funding, the number of trademarks and copyrights negatively influence GVC funding. Originality/value By distinguishing between different aspects of human and intellectual capital, this study provides a more nuanced understanding of the influence of new venture resources in the context of GVC.

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Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Shinjinee Chattopadhyay. "The General Human Capital-Firm Specific Human Capital Tradeoff." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 18004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.18004abstract.

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15

Ployhart, Robert E., Anthony J. Nyberg, Greg Reilly, and Mark A. Maltarich. "Human Capital Is Dead; Long Live Human Capital Resources!" Journal of Management 40, no. 2 (November 19, 2013): 371–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206313512152.

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Nerdrum, Lars, and Truls Erikson. "Intellectual capital: a human capital perspective." Journal of Intellectual Capital 2, no. 2 (June 2001): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14691930110385919.

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17

BERK, JONATHAN B., RICHARD STANTON, and JOSEF ZECHNER. "Human Capital, Bankruptcy, and Capital Structure." Journal of Finance 65, no. 3 (May 7, 2010): 891–926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01556.x.

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18

贺, 卫. "On “Faith Capital” in Human Capital." Advances in Education 05, no. 02 (2015): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ae.2015.52005.

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Lestari Widarni, Eny, and Claudia Laura. "Urbanization and Human Capital Development in Malaysia." SPLASH Magz 1, no. 2 (April 21, 2021): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54204/splashmagzvol1no1pp31to35.

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This paper investigates the impact of urbanization in Malaysia and human capital development in Malaysia in particular urbanized areas. We argue that the presence of urbanites at the turn of the 20th century has had a positive impact on human capital in Malaysia today. This is evidenced by empirical evidence using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method by adopting the Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IFDM) method to calculate the human capital development index in Malaysia. We find that the urbanization program has a positive impact on human capital development in Malaysia.

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20

Soo Lim, Sung. "Urbanization and Returns to Human Capital Investment." Journal of Economics, Business and Management 4, no. 2 (2016): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/joebm.2016.v4.381.

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21

Tvrdoň, J. "Human capital and modelling of its development." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 3 (February 17, 2012): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5003-agricecon.

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The paper deals with the relation between education, as pivotal characteristics of capital, and efficiency of school work-places with use of production modelling. A starting analytic tool is a determination of school facilities efficiency according to an efficiency matrix from which it results that also schools with a lower volume of resources per a student can significantly contribute to human capital development. Transformation of these sources into knowledge is expressed by a production function of education in which results of students are an endogenous variable in dependence on school resources, qualification level of students’ families, school-mates’ level, previous results of students and their effort. The course of the production function and its shape depends on many factors and economy of scale determined in the paper.

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Widarni, Eny Lestari. "Human Capital and Agriculture Performance in Indonesia." ASIAN Economic and Business Development 3, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54204/2776131.

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This study aims to investigate the vector direction of the relationship between agriculture performance, employment in agriculture, and education in Indonesia. This research uses the vector analysis method. where the dependent variable and the independent variable take turns to see the direction of the relationship of each variable to each other. All data used in this study are sourced from the world bank data. We found that labor absorption in the agricultural sector in Indonesia continues to decline very sharply, it becomes a threat to agriculture performance in the future. Because there is a decline in performance in the future due to labor shortages and it is possible that the agricultural sector will be completely destroyed when there is a shortage of labor in this sector if the interest of the Indonesian youth in the agricultural sector is not invested.

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Handayani, Nur, and Cahya Budhi Irawan. "Human Capital and Business Growth in Indonesia." SPLASH Magz 1, no. 2 (April 21, 2021): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54204/splashmagzvol1no1pp28to30.

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This study examines government investment in education and health, as well as job opportunities as reflected in work participation and its impact on economic growth by using secondary data from world banks using the moving average autoregression method. We find that work participation, education investment and health investment positively related to economic growth.

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Drean, Benjamin, and Eny Lestari Widarni. "Human Capital in Agriculture Sector in Indonesia." SPLASH Magz 1, no. 2 (April 21, 2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54204/splashmagzvol1no1pp86to92.

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This study aims to examine the role of education and health in increasing work participation and income of the people in Indonesia. To achieve this goal, data on GDP per capita, Employment in Agriculture, Health, and education are observed. This study uses the Quantitative Threshold Autoregressive method which is used to predict the behavior of the data so that the relationship behavior between the data can be seen. In analyzing the threshold variable, the GDP per capita variant is used as an indicator of people's income growth, Employment in agriculture as work participation in the agricultural sector, health as an indicator of health investment, and education as an indicator of educational investment. GDP per capita, Employment in agriculture, and health as the threshold variable. Meanwhile, the non-threshold variable is education. All data are secondary data from world banks with an annual period of 2000 - 2019. We found that education and health are two things that form the basis of human capital. The role of education and health in Indonesia in developing agriculture and improving the welfare of the people in Indonesia plays an important role and is able to make a significant contribution to the development of the agricultural sector and the welfare of the people in Indonesia.

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Handayani, Nur, and Budi Sasongko. "Human Capital and Business Growth in Indonesia." SPLASH Magz 1, no. 2 (April 21, 2021): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54204/splashmagzvol1no1pp25to27.

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This study investigates 84 companies in Bandung and Jakarta (Indonesia) related to business growth, human capital investment including education investment, health investment and work equipment using secondary data collection methods from related companies and in-depth interviews with 84 employees who are very familiar with the company's business operations then quantified using the autoregression moving average method. We found that investment in education and investment in health had a significant positive relationship with business growth. However, investment in work equipment is negatively related. This shows that the higher human capital in the company is related to the efficiency of investment in work equipment.

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Mokronosov, Aleksandr, and Yury Krutin. "Human capital or human potential." Ideas and Ideals 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2017-2.2-80-89.

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Susanti, Neneng, Raden Achmad Drajat Aji Sujai, and Eristy Minda Utami. "PENGARUH HUMAN CAPITAL, STRUCTURAL CAPITAL, DAN RELATIONAL CAPITAL TERHADAP AKREDITASI UNIVERSITAS WIDYATAMA." BISMA 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bisma.v12i2.7906.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of human capital, structure capital, and relational capital on the accreditation of Widyatama University. This is an exploratory research applying associative research method. The data used is primary data. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS statistical software package. The results of this study show that human capital is the most dominant factor affecting accreditation, which is 15.35%, even though statistically it has no significant influence. Overall, intellectual capital factor has no effect on accreditation. Relational and structural capitals have negative effects on accreditation and statistically have insignificant influence. Keywords: Human Capital, Structure Capital, Relational Capital, Accreditation, and Widyatama University.

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METIN, Kivilcim, and Senay CDOGRUK. "HUMAN CAPITAL MODEL." Ekonomik Yaklasim 8, no. 27 (1997): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ey.10277.

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Abraham, Katharine G., and Justine Mallatt. "Measuring Human Capital." Journal of Economic Perspectives 36, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 103–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.36.3.103.

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We review the existing literature on the measurement of human capital. Broadly speaking, economists have proposed three approaches to constructing human capital measures—the indicator approach, the cost approach, and the income approach. Studies employing the indicator approach have used single measures such as average years of schooling or indexes of multiple measures. The cost approach values human capital investments based on spending. The income approach values human capital investments by looking forward to the increment to expected future earnings they produce. The latter two approaches have the significant advantage of consistency with national income accounting practices and measures of other types of capital. Measures based on the income approach typically yield far larger estimates of the value of human capital than measures based on the cost approach. We outline possible reasons for this discrepancy and show how changes in assumptions can reconcile estimates based on the two approaches.

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Bukowitz, Wendi R., Ruth L. Williams, and Edward S. Mactas. "Human Capital Measurement." Research-Technology Management 47, no. 3 (May 2004): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2004.11671629.

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Madan, Amman. "Rethinking Human Capital." NHRD Network Journal 11, no. 1 (January 2018): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974173920180108.

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Baron, Angela. "Measuring human capital." Strategic HR Review 10, no. 2 (February 22, 2011): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14754391111108338.

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ROLSTADÅS, ASBJØRN. "Editorial Human capital." Production Planning & Control 6, no. 6 (November 1995): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537289508930306.

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Provo, Joanne. "Measuring Human Capital." Advances in Developing Human Resources 2, no. 1 (February 2000): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152342230000200107.

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Christie, Kathy. "Got Human Capital?" Phi Delta Kappan 85, no. 3 (November 2003): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003172170308500303.

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Wossmann, Ludger. "Specifying Human Capital." Journal of Economic Surveys 17, no. 3 (July 2003): 239–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6419.00195.

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Tan, Emrullah. "Human Capital Theory." Review of Educational Research 84, no. 3 (September 2014): 411–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0034654314532696.

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Baker, Marc, Mike Barker, Jon Thorne, and Martin Dutnell. "Leveraging Human Capital." Journal of Knowledge Management 1, no. 1 (March 1997): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000004581.

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Brymer, Rhett A., Janice C. Molloy, and Brett A. Gilbert. "Human Capital Pipelines." Journal of Management 40, no. 2 (December 16, 2013): 483–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206313516797.

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Wright, Patrick M., Russell Coff, and Thomas P. Moliterno. "Strategic Human Capital." Journal of Management 40, no. 2 (December 23, 2013): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206313518437.

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Hannah, Leslie. "Human Capital[1]." Oxford Review of Education 13, no. 2 (January 1987): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305498870130205.

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Silos, Pedro, and Eric Smith. "Human capital portfolios." Review of Economic Dynamics 18, no. 3 (July 2015): 635–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2014.09.001.

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Israelsen, Ryan D., and Scott E. Yonker. "Key Human Capital." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 52, no. 1 (February 2017): 175–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109016000880.

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Firms whose human capital is concentrated in a few irreplaceable employees lack diversification in their human capital stock, exposing them to key human capital risk. Using disclosures of “key man life insurance” to measure this risk, we show that exposed firms are riskier. These younger, smaller, growth firms have abnormally high volatility, and following announcement of key employee departures, the most exposed firms lose 8% of their value. Key employees tend to be highly educated. They are four times more likely to hold PhD degrees than top managers, and firms with key human capital are more innovative.

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Collins, Sandra K., and Kevin S. Collins. "Valuable Human Capital." Health Care Manager 25, no. 3 (July 2006): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126450-200607000-00004.

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Anafiyayeva, Zh, G. Zh Abdykerova, and D. M. Aikupesheva. "HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT." REPORTS 3, no. 331 (June 15, 2020): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1483.64.

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Lewis, Jeff, Philip C. Wright, and Gary D. Geroy. "Managing human capital." Management Decision 42, no. 2 (February 2004): 205–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740410513836.

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Son, Hyun H. "Human Capital Development." Asian Development Review 27, no. 02 (December 2010): 29–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110510500083.

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This paper has two main objectives. First, it assesses and measures the gaps in the stock of human capital across the world. It presents how effectively different regions are improving their stock of human capital, and how long it will take for developing countries to catch up with the current level of human capital in industrialized countries. Second, it revisits the contribution of human capital to economic growth, proposing a decomposition method to account for employment growth—which is also impacted on by human capital growth—in explaining growth in total output per worker. The proposed methodology introduces employment growth in the growth decomposition through the employment growth elasticity. It is conjectured that as human capital increases, employment growth elasticity will decrease, making the economy less labor-intensive, resulting in higher economic growth. The proposed method points to the importance of the micro linkage between human capital and the labor market.

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Jandrić, Petar. "Postdigital human capital." International Journal of Educational Research 119 (2023): 102182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2023.102182.

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Kemps, Lotte, and Bas Spliet. "Domesticating Human Capital." Early Modern Low Countries 8, no. 1 (June 17, 2024): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51750/emlc18538.

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This article investigates the consumption of knowledge in early modern Amsterdam. A dataset of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century probate inventories is employed to examine the synergies and inequalities between the skilled and educated middle classes and the intellectual elites. A series of democratisation waves in the ownership of books, writing equipment, and measuring tools confirms the unprecedented levels of basic literacy and numeracy skills in the urban centres of the early modern Low Countries revealed by research on signature proficiency and age heaping. The concentration of secular books and advanced knowledge objects in the hands of a small but growing group of affluent households, on the other hand, corresponds to other research that has fixated instead on the role of upper-tail human capital in scientific, technological, and economic progress. Yet, the relatively low value estimates of libraries and scientific instruments, together with a more qualitative examination of two amateur scientists of middling background, dovetails with the hypothesis that the Dutch Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment were marked by a close interaction and mobility between craftsmen and scientists. An above-average income and enough leisure time to develop intellectual interests could be sufficient for inhabitants of Amsterdam to cross the Rubicon from consuming to (re)producing knowledge.

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Benko, N. M. "Interrelationship between Human Capital Structure and Investment in Human Capital." Business Inform 10, no. 513 (2020): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-10-96-104.

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Empirical researches prove a relationship between investment in human capital and economic growth, but assessing human capital itself, as well as the effectiveness of relevant investments, presents a practical problem. The article is aimed at specifying scientific approaches to generalization of investment objects, components and schemes of human capital formation for the development of a modern theoretical ground for the development of investment in the human capital of the country’s economy. To achieve this aim, the article sets a task of research on types of capital, their content characteristics, structure of human capital, investments in human capital for the needs of management of the national economic system. Important for human capital research is that investments in human capital ensure the growth of the value of human labor, and this is the most important factor in the transformation of the economy, modernization of economic institutions. By this provision is stated that economic growth is not only achieved through technology transfer, investment in physical capital and accumulation of knowledge, but also depends on human capital, including improving people’s health, reducing crime, providing appropriate social climate and institutions, as well as education. Thus, under such conditions, economic development should be considered not only as an increase in economic growth, but also as an investment in human capital ? in the components of its structure. A system-component approach is substantiated, which, unlike the existing one, defines the composition of the structure of human capital and types of investments in human capital, strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of investing in human capital as the main element of productive forces.

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