Journal articles on the topic 'Human-building interactions'
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Ozcelik, Gokce, Burcin Becerik-Gerber, and Ragini Chugh. "Understanding human-building interactions under multimodal discomfort." Building and Environment 151 (March 2019): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.12.046.
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von Grabe, Jörn. "Decision models and data in human-building interactions." Energy Research & Social Science 19 (September 2016): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2016.05.022.
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Hong, Tianzhen, Chien-fei Chen, Zhe Wang, and Xiaojing Xu. "Linking human-building interactions in shared offices with personality traits." Building and Environment 170 (March 2020): 106602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106602.
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von Grabe, Jörn. "How do occupants decide their interactions with the building? From qualitative data to a psychological framework of human-building-interaction." Energy Research & Social Science 14 (April 2016): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2016.01.002.
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Choi, Minji, Moonseo Park, Hyun-Soo Lee, and Sungjoo Hwang. "Analysis of Building Emergency Evacuation Process with Interactions in Human Behaviors." Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 14, no. 6 (November 30, 2013): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.6106/kjcem.2013.14.6.049.
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Mahmood, Ali, and Sepehr Abrishami. "BIM for lean building surveying services." Construction Innovation 20, no. 3 (May 14, 2020): 447–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-11-2019-0131.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the implementation of building information modelling (BIM) concepts of the various processes involved in building surveying practice can lead to a reduction in waste. In turn leading to a synergy between BIM functionalities and lean production concepts. Design/methodology/approach To verify and validate the existence of this synergy between the two methods in building surveying, evidences were gathered from previous literature that supports these interactions. Next, a questionnaire was conducted for the purpose of identifying new interactions and providing further evidence to support existing interactions. Finally, based on the findings from previous literature and the results of the questionnaire, an interaction matrix was constructed linking the two concepts with the relevant evidence found. Findings The results of the questionnaire show that the BIM functionality with the highest interactions, maintenance of information integrity, had a high correlation with the reduction of variability, cycle time, batch size and promoting standardization of value flow. 4 D model-based scheduling, the second highest functionality, showed a high correlation with the reduction of variability, cycle time, batch size and an increase in the use of visual management. Finally, the results of the interaction matrix between the two concepts showed that the BIM functionalities with the most interactions were maintenance of information integrity, visualization of form and the automated generation of models and documents. The lean principles with the most interactions were reducing variability, cycle time, batch size as well as “enables visual management”. While most of these interactions were positive, negative interactions were also observed. These negative interactions were due to the fact that the level of competency and knowledge in BIM for building surveyors is at reduced levels which can lead to increased human errors. Originality/value The significance of this study is to provide the basis for building surveying organizations who wish to implement BIM and how this would lead to a synergy between BIM functionalities and lean principles. Both positive and negative interactions were considered to provide these organizations with different options for waste elimination.
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Wiltse, Heather, Erik Stolterman, and Johan Redström. "Wicked Interactions." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 19, no. 1 (2015): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne201531926.
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The digital computational technologies that over the past decades have come to be fully integrated into nearly all aspects of human life have varying forms, scales, interactive mechanisms, functions, configurations, and interconnections. Much of this complexity and associated implications for human experience are, however, hidden by prevalent notions of ‘the computer’ as an object. In this paper, we consider how everyday digital technologies collectively mediate human experience, arguing that these technologies are better understood as fluid assemblages that have as many similarities with the infra-structural as they have properties typical for objects. We characterize these aspects in terms of ‘wicked interactions,’ drawing on and adapting the classic theory of wicked problems in design discourse that has similarly considered the complexity of interactions with and within other types of social infrastructure. In doing this we emphasize the need and the potential for building up connections between philosophy of technology and design discourse, with the hope that this might further the shared goals of understanding digital technologies and their consequences and determining how to act in relation to them and their design.
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Rutenberg, Andrew, Spencer Farrell, Arnold Mitnitski, Kenneth Rockwood, and Garrett Stubbings. "Building, testing, and learning from network models of human aging." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1576.
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Abstract We have developed computational models of human aging that are based on complex networks of interactions between health attributes of individuals. Our “generic network model” (GNM) captures the population level exponential increase of mortality with age in Gompertz’s law together with the exponential decrease of health as measured by the frailty index (FI). Our GNM includes only random accumulation of damage, with no programmed aging. Our GNM allows large populations of model individuals to be quickly generated with detailed individual health trajectories. This allows us to explore individual damage propagation in detail. To facilitate comparison with observational data, we have also developed and tested new approaches to binarizing continuous-valued health data. To extract the most information out of available cross-sectional or longitudinal data, we have also reconstructed interactions from generalized network models that can predict individual health trajectories and mortality.
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Connelly, Edward. "Building Performance Measures: A Human Factors Problem." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 18 (October 1995): 1165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901804.
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Performance assessments via institutionalized performance measures are a key part of the ongoing, global restructuring of corporate, industrial, government, and military ways of doing business. Corporations, recognizing that the “game” is played for keeps, are reorganizing to survive and prosper in the national and international environment. Often, this restructuring is not just adding new technology, although it typically takes advantage of new technology. Instead, this is a work environment change supporting effective work interactions. Led by the training and human resources personnel, employees learn to share goals, to communicate effectively and to help each other solve problems in order to function as an effective team. Results of these efforts are truly inspiring. Organizations such as Kodak, IBM, Ford, and others have turned things around, producing profitable units providing quality products and services, and having fun while doing it (Anfuso 1994). A key part of this turn-a-round is the common understanding of how performance is evaluated, a result achieved via instutionalized performance measures. A performance measure is a definition of how performance is to be assessed. The definition is always based on an individual's subjective preference of the worth of demonstrated performances or proposed activities. When the individual is an authority whose performance assessments significantly impact the performance of other individuals and the organization, then that individual's assessment concept demands attention. A performance measure, acceptable to that authority by virtue of it rating performances the same way the authority does, can systematize the assessment process by communicating what data are to be collected and how those data are to be processed to determine the performance rating. Extracting information from authorities for building performance measures does not require advances in computer technology or mathematics. Instead, it requires creating an environment in which the authority can interact with a facilitator to consider alternative workplace outcomes and can provide ratings of the desirability of each outcome. To demonstrate this interaction as a human factors problem, this paper describes the environments necessary to extract the definitions of good performance from authorities. These definitions are the basis for building the equivalent performance measures.
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Wang, Heting, Vidya Gaddy, James Ross Beveridge, and Francisco R. Ortega. "Building an Emotionally Responsive Avatar with Dynamic Facial Expressions in Human—Computer Interactions." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5030013.
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The role of affect has been long studied in human–computer interactions. Unlike previous studies that focused on seven basic emotions, an avatar named Diana was introduced who expresses a higher level of emotional intelligence. To adapt to the users various affects during interaction, Diana simulates emotions with dynamic facial expressions. When two people collaborated to build blocks, their affects were recognized and labeled using the Affdex SDK and a descriptive analysis was provided. When participants turned to collaborate with Diana, their subjective responses were collected and the length of completion was recorded. Three modes of Diana were involved: a flat-faced Diana, a Diana that used mimicry facial expressions, and a Diana that used emotionally responsive facial expressions. Twenty-one responses were collected through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and the NASA TLX. Results from questionnaires were not statistically different. However, the emotionally responsive Diana obtained more positive responses, and people spent the longest time with the mimicry Diana. In post-study comments, most participants perceived facial expressions on Diana’s face as natural, four mentioned uncomfortable feelings caused by the Uncanny Valley effect.
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Goh, C. S. "Unlocking Human Factors for More Resilient and Sustainable Built Environments: Human Centric Solutions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 7 (November 1, 2022): 072011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/7/072011.
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Abstract Sustainable buildings are designed to provide a better built environment that reduces environmental impacts, supports communities for social needs, and preserves economic gains. Despite a growing interest in sustainable development over the past few decades, there has been surprisingly little research focusing on the implications of human factors to a sustainable built environment. Sustainable building solutions shall be informed by the needs of building occupants and made in adaptive response to environmental, economic and socio-cultural changes. Interactions between users and buildings are of great importance to determine how successful a sustainable building is. Literature revealed that a failure of putting users at the pinnacle of designing sustainable solutions could be one of the main underlying reasons of underperformance of sustainable buildings. This paper presents a conceptual framework to demonstrate how human centric solutions contribute to improving user-environment interactions in sustainable buildings. By considering human centric solutions, sustainable building performance can be optimised by integrating users’ needs and aspirations into the design and development process. This paper helps increase the understanding of the roles of human factors in sustainable buildings, hence supporting the development of social sustainability which has been greatly overlooked in the pursuit of sustainable development.
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Zhuo, Li, Qingli Shi, Chenyang Zhang, Qiuping Li, and Haiyan Tao. "Identifying Building Functions from the Spatiotemporal Population Density and the Interactions of People among Buildings." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060247.
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Buildings are fundamental components of cities. Understanding the function of buildings is therefore of great importance for urban development and management. Some studies have identified building functions using spatiotemporal data, which assumes that buildings with the same function have similar temporal activity patterns. However, these methods present difficulties in coping with the situation when buildings with the same function have heterogeneous activity patterns. To solve this problem, this research proposes a new method to identify building functions from the perspective of the spatial distribution and spatial interactions of human activities. First, taxi data were used to acquire the spatiotemporal interaction characteristics among buildings with different functions. Then, the spatiotemporal population density distribution was adopted to depict the building vitality. Finally, an iterative clustering method was introduced to identify the building functions. The proposed scheme was applied in the Haizhu district of Guangzhou and compared with the traditional method. The results prove that the spatial interaction characteristics are more helpful than the temporal variation characteristics and therefore can be used to improve the accuracy of building function identification. A higher accuracy for identifying building functions can be realized by combining the spatiotemporal interactions and building vitality characteristics. The overall accuracy reaches 0.8566, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.8174, which are both better than the results of using a single characteristic only.
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Siramkaya, Suheyla Buyuksahin, and Dicle Aydin. "The effect of spatial configuration on social interaction: a syntactic evaluation of a faculty building." Global Journal of Arts Education 7, no. 3 (December 29, 2017): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjae.v7i3.2893.
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The properties of physical environment affect the psychological processes of the individuals and groups using that environment and their socialization with their environment. Every physical environment includes the existence of a social environment and every social environment includes the existence of a physical environment; because socialization is one of the basic human needs. The fulfillment of this basic requirement is possible when the spaces are designed in a way to have properties giving opportunities to social interaction. Among education spaces faculty buildings are social environments giving opportunity to young people to socialize, share interests, have relation with each other, develop the relationship within groups and belonging feelings. Social behaviors, social interactions and gathering areas of students in faculty buildings are important issues from the point of architectural programming and architectural design performance. This study is depended on the evaluation of social environments in faculty buildings considering the students’ social interactions upon the selected faculty building. In the scope of this evaluation long term observations directed at the determination of students social interactions and gathering areas will be done, the plan of the building will be analyzed through Syntax 2D and as a result the effect of the spatial configuration on social interaction will be evaluated.
Keywords: Space syntax, environment-human behaviour, spatial configuration, social interaction, faculty buildings.
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Kalvelage, Kelly, and Michael C. Dorneich. "Using Human Factors to Establish Occupant Task Lists for Office Building Simulations." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601102.
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The purpose of this research is to establish an in-depth understanding of task-related occupant behaviors to serve as the basis for the design of an occupant-building interaction interface. Building simulations are frequently used to design buildings and predict energy performance. Yet, all of these assumptions are related to occupant behavior and interactions with the building. In an occupant-controlled environment, an understanding of the occupant decision-making process must be represented in the simulation task lists. Current task lists assume general occupant behaviors based on averages, and lack the details required for this understanding. This paper looks to strike a balance between simplicity and complexity in the generation of task lists to establish a process for developing an understanding of occupant behavior at a greater level of detail than current practice. A contextual task analysis questionnaire characterizes occupant behavior to provide the link between the building, occupant, and task. Generation of a sample task list demonstrates how a detailed understanding of task-related occupant behaviors can be effectively used as the basis of an occupant-building control scheme.
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Walliser, James C., Ewart J. de Visser, Eva Wiese, and Tyler H. Shaw. "Team Structure and Team Building Improve Human–Machine Teaming With Autonomous Agents." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 13, no. 4 (August 9, 2019): 258–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343419867563.
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Research suggests that humans and autonomous agents can be more effective when working together as a combined unit rather than as individual entities. However, most research has focused on autonomous agent design characteristics while ignoring the importance of social interactions and team dynamics. Two experiments examined how the perception of teamwork among human–human and human–autonomous agents and the application of team building interventions could enhance teamwork outcomes. Participants collaborated with either a human or an autonomous agent. In the first experiment, it was revealed that manipulating team structure by considering your human and autonomous partner as a teammate rather than a tool can increase affect and behavior, but does not benefit performance. In the second experiment, participants completed goal setting and role clarification (team building) with their teammate prior to task performance. Team building interventions led to significant improvements for all teamwork outcomes, including performance. Across both studies, participants communicated more substantially with human partners than they did with autonomous partners. Taken together, these findings suggest that social interactions between humans and autonomous teammates should be an important design consideration and that particular attention should be given to team building interventions to improve affect, behavior, and performance.
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Ozcelik, Gokce, and Burcin Becerik-Gerber. "Benchmarking thermoception in virtual environments to physical environments for understanding human-building interactions." Advanced Engineering Informatics 36 (April 2018): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2018.04.008.
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Di Baldassarre, G., A. Viglione, G. Carr, L. Kuil, J. L. Salinas, and G. Blöschl. "Socio-hydrology: conceptualising human-flood interactions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 8 (August 21, 2013): 3295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3295-2013.
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Abstract. Over history, humankind has tended to settle near streams because of the role of rivers as transportation corridors and the fertility of riparian areas. However, human settlements in floodplains have been threatened by the risk of flooding. Possible responses have been to resettle away and/or modify the river system by building flood control structures. This has led to a complex web of interactions and feedback mechanisms between hydrological and social processes in settled floodplains. This paper is an attempt to conceptualise these interplays for hypothetical human-flood systems. We develop a simple, dynamic model to represent the interactions and feedback loops between hydrological and social processes. The model is then used to explore the dynamics of the human-flood system and the effect of changing individual characteristics, including external forcing such as technological development. The results show that the conceptual model is able to reproduce reciprocal effects between floods and people as well as the emergence of typical patterns. For instance, when levees are built or raised to protect floodplain areas, their presence not only reduces the frequency of flooding, but also exacerbates high water levels. Then, because of this exacerbation, higher flood protection levels are required by society. As a result, more and more flooding events are avoided, but rare and catastrophic events take place.
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Di Baldassarre, G., A. Viglione, G. Carr, L. Kuil, J. L. Salinas, and G. Blöschl. "Socio-hydrology: conceptualising human-flood interactions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 4 (April 9, 2013): 4515–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-4515-2013.
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Abstract. Over history, humankind has tended to settle near streams because of the role of rivers as transportation corridors and the fertility of riparian areas. However, human settlements in floodplains have been threatened by the risk of flooding. Possible responses have been to resettle away and/or modify the river system by building flood control structures. This has led to a complex web of interactions and feedback mechanisms between hydrological and social processes in settled floodplains. This paper is an attempt to conceptualise these interplays for hypothetical human-flood systems. We develop a simple, dynamic model to represent the interactions and feedback loops between hydrological and social processes. The model is then used to explore the dynamics of the human-flood system and the effect of changing individual characteristics, including external forcing such as technological development. The results show that the conceptual model is able to reproduce reciprocal effects between floods and people as well as the emergence of typical patterns. For instance, when levees are built or raised to protect floodplain areas, their presence not only reduces the frequency of flooding, but also exacerbates high water levels. Then, because of this exacerbation, higher flood protection levels are required by the society. As a result, more and more flooding events are avoided, but rare and catastrophic events take place.
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Ghadie, Mohamed Ali, and Yu Xia. "Are transient protein-protein interactions more dispensable?" PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 4 (April 11, 2022): e1010013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010013.
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Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are key drivers of cell function and evolution. While it is widely assumed that most permanent PPIs are important for cellular function, it remains unclear whether transient PPIs are equally important. Here, we estimate and compare dispensable content among transient PPIs and permanent PPIs in human. Starting with a human reference interactome mapped by experiments, we construct a human structural interactome by building three-dimensional structural models for PPIs, and then distinguish transient PPIs from permanent PPIs using several structural and biophysical properties. We map common mutations from healthy individuals and disease-causing mutations onto the structural interactome, and perform structure-based calculations of the probabilities for common mutations (assumed to be neutral) and disease mutations (assumed to be mildly deleterious) to disrupt transient PPIs and permanent PPIs. Using Bayes’ theorem we estimate that a similarly small fraction (<~20%) of both transient and permanent PPIs are completely dispensable, i.e., effectively neutral upon disruption. Hence, transient and permanent interactions are subject to similarly strong selective constraints in the human interactome.
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Barott, Katie L., Beltran Rodriguez-Mueller, Merry Youle, Kristen L. Marhaver, Mark J. A. Vermeij, Jennifer E. Smith, and Forest L. Rohwer. "Microbial to reef scale interactions between the reef-building coral Montastraea annularis and benthic algae." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1733 (November 16, 2011): 1655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2155.
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Competition between reef-building corals and benthic algae is of key importance for reef dynamics. These interactions occur on many spatial scales, ranging from chemical to regional. Using microprobes, 16S rDNA pyrosequencing and underwater surveys, we examined the interactions between the reef-building coral Montastraea annularis and four types of benthic algae. The macroalgae Dictyota bartayresiana and Halimeda opuntia , as well as a mixed consortium of turf algae, caused hypoxia on the adjacent coral tissue. Turf algae were also associated with major shifts in the bacterial communities at the interaction zones, including more pathogens and virulence genes. In contrast to turf algae, interactions with crustose coralline algae (CCA) and M. annularis did not appear to be antagonistic at any scale. These zones were not hypoxic, the microbes were not pathogen-like and the abundance of coral–CCA interactions was positively correlated with per cent coral cover. We propose a model in which fleshy algae (i.e. some species of turf and fleshy macroalgae) alter benthic competition dynamics by stimulating bacterial respiration and promoting invasion of virulent bacteria on corals. This gives fleshy algae a competitive advantage over corals when human activities, such as overfishing and eutrophication, remove controls on algal abundance. Together, these results demonstrate the intricate connections and mechanisms that structure coral reefs.
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Komarov, Mikhail, Nikita Konovalov, and Nikolay Kazantsev. "How Internet of Things Influences Human Behavior Building Social Web of Services via Agent-Based Approach." Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fcds-2016-0012.
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AbstractThe paper discovers potential human interactions with growing amount of internet of things (IoT) via proposed concept of Social Web of Services (classical social web with smart things - daily life objects connected to the internet). To investigate the impact of IoT on user behaviour patterns we modelled human-thing interactions using agent-based simulation (ABM). We have proved that under certain conditions SmartThings, connected to the IoT, are able to change patterns of Human behaviour. Results of this work predict our way of living in the era of caused by viral effects of IoT application (HCI and M2M connections), and could be used to foster business process management in the IoT era.
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Zhong, Junpei, Chaofan Ling, Angelo Cangelosi, Ahmad Lotfi, and Xiaofeng Liu. "On the Gap between Domestic Robotic Applications and Computational Intelligence." Electronics 10, no. 7 (March 27, 2021): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070793.
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Aspired to build intelligent agents that can assist humans in daily life, researchers and engineers, both from academia and industry, have kept advancing the state-of-the-art in domestic robotics. With the rapid advancement of both hardware (e.g., high performance computing, smaller and cheaper sensors) and software (e.g., deep learning techniques and computational intelligence technologies), robotic products have become available to ordinary household users. For instance, domestic robots have assisted humans in various daily life scenarios to provide: (1) physical assistance such as floor vacuuming; (2) social assistance such as chatting; and (3) education and cognitive assistance such as offering partnerships. Crucial to the success of domestic robots is their ability to understand and carry out designated tasks from human users via natural and intuitive human-like interactions, because ordinary users usually have no expertise in robotics. To investigate whether and to what extent existing domestic robots can participate in intuitive and natural interactions, we survey existing domestic robots in terms of their interaction ability, and discuss the state-of-the-art research on multi-modal human–machine interaction from various domains, including natural language processing and multi-modal dialogue systems. We relate domestic robot application scenarios with state-of-the-art computational techniques of human–machine interaction, and discuss promising future directions towards building more reliable, capable and human-like domestic robots.
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Wang, Lili, Daniel S. Himmelstein, Adam Santaniello, Mousavi Parvin, and Sergio E. Baranzini. "iCTNet2: integrating heterogeneous biological interactions to understand complex traits." F1000Research 4 (August 5, 2015): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6836.1.
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iCTNet (integrated Complex Traits Networks) version 2 is a Cytoscape app and database that allows researchers to build heterogeneous networks by integrating a variety of biological interactions, thus offering a systems-level view of human complex traits. iCTNet2 is built from a variety of large-scale biological datasets, collected from public repositories to facilitate the building, visualization and analysis of heterogeneous biological networks in a comprehensive fashion via the Cytoscape platform. iCTNet2 is freely available at the Cytoscape app store.
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Wang, Lili, Daniel S. Himmelstein, Adam Santaniello, Mousavi Parvin, and Sergio E. Baranzini. "iCTNet2: integrating heterogeneous biological interactions to understand complex traits." F1000Research 4 (September 28, 2015): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6836.2.
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iCTNet (integrated Complex Traits Networks) version 2 is a Cytoscape app and database that allows researchers to build heterogeneous networks by integrating a variety of biological interactions, thus offering a systems-level view of human complex traits. iCTNet2 is built from a variety of large-scale biological datasets, collected from public repositories to facilitate the building, visualization and analysis of heterogeneous biological networks in a comprehensive fashion via the Cytoscape platform. iCTNet2 is freely available at the Cytoscape app store.
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Kobal Grum, Darja. "Interactions between human behaviour and the built environment in terms of facility management." Facilities 36, no. 1/2 (February 5, 2018): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-03-2017-0040.
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Purpose In comparison with the relations between the human and natural environments that have been the central focus of environmental psychology for many years, the interactions between the psychological processes underlying human behaviour and the built environment have only recently regained the interest of researchers. In this paper, the author first discusses the reasons for the slower development of human – built environment relations. Afterwards, the author systematically examines the impact that the research of environmental stress, namely, poor housing and poor neighbourhood quality, had on the contemporary understanding of human – built environment relations. Design/methodology/approach The author focuses on social, biophilic and evidence-based design. The author proposes deeper psychological engagement in correlation with human behaviour, psychological well-being and society. The author highlights the inclusion of psychologists in interdisciplinary research teams addressing the development of sustainable solutions to the issues of residential environments. Findings It has been shown that substandard house quality, high noise, lack of natural light in houses, poorer physical quality of urban neighbourhoods, living in a low-income neighbourhood, etc. are linked to elevated physiological and psychological stress. Despite this evidence, there is still a gap between building designers and building users in modern industrialised societies, which could deepen tenants’ dissatisfaction due to specific behavioural needs and consequently lower their psychological well-being and health risk behaviour. Research limitations/implications These are potential risks of error arising from the use of assumptions, limited samples size and data from the secondary resources. Originality/value The major contributions of this paper are as follows. If the environment is understood as a dynamic, constantly changing and complex system of a wide range of players, the author can discern in this environment a dynamic that is otherwise characteristic of emotional dynamics. Expressed participants’ high satisfaction with residential status does not necessarily generate high expectations regarding real estate factors.
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Holmes, Marcus, and Nicholas J. Wheeler. "Social bonding in diplomacy." International Theory 12, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 133–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971919000162.
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AbstractIt is widely recognized among state leaders and diplomats that personal relations play an important role in international politics. Recent work at the intersection of psychology, neuroscience, and sociology has highlighted the critical importance of face-to-face interactions in generating intention understanding and building trust. Yet, a key question remains as to why some leaders are able to ‘hit it off,’ generating a positive social bond, while other interactions ‘fall flat,’ or worse, are mired in negativity. To answer, we turn to micro-sociology – the study of everyday human interactions at the smallest scales – an approach that has theorized this question in other domains. Drawing directly from US sociologist Randall Collins, and related empirical studies on the determinants of social bonding, we develop a model of diplomatic social bonding that privileges interaction elements rather than the dispositional characteristics of the actors involved or the material environment in which the interaction takes place. We conclude with a discussion of how the study of interpersonal dyadic bonding interaction may move forward.
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Kuliga, Saskia F., Benjamin Nelligan, Ruth C. Dalton, Steven Marchette, Amy L. Shelton, Laura Carlson, and Christoph Hölscher. "Exploring Individual Differences and Building Complexity in Wayfinding: The Case of the Seattle Central Library." Environment and Behavior 51, no. 5 (April 12, 2019): 622–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916519836149.
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This article focuses on the interactions between individual differences and building characteristics that may occur during multilevel wayfinding. Using the Seattle Central Library as our test case, we defined a series of within-floor and between-floor wayfinding tasks based on different building analyses of this uniquely designed structure. Tracking our 59 participants while they completed assigned tasks on-site, we examined their wayfinding performance across tasks and in relation to a variety of individual differences measures and wayfinding strategies. Both individual differences and spatial configuration, as well as the organization of the physical space, were related to the wayfinding challenges inherent to this library. We also found wayfinding differences based on other, nonspatial features, such as semantic expectations about destinations. Together, these results indicate that researchers and building planners must consider the interactions among building, human, and task characteristics in a more nuanced fashion.
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Fox, Stephen. "Human–Artificial Intelligence Systems: How Human Survival First Principles Influence Machine Learning World Models." Systems 10, no. 6 (December 17, 2022): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10060260.
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World models is a construct that is used to represent internal models of the world. It is an important construct for human-artificial intelligence systems, because both natural and artificial agents can have world models. The term, natural agents, encompasses individual people and human organizations. Many human organizations apply artificial agents that include machine learning. In this paper, it is explained how human survival first principles of interactions between energy and entropy influence organization’s world models, and hence their implementations of machine learning. First, the world models construct is related to human organizations. This is done in terms of the construct’s origins in psychology theory-building during the 1930s through its applications in systems science during the 1970s to its recent applications in computational neuroscience. Second, it is explained how human survival first principles of interactions between energy and entropy influence organizational world models. Third, a practical example is provided of how survival first principles lead to opposing organizational world models. Fourth, it is explained how opposing organizational world models can constrain applications of machine learning. Overall, the paper highlights the influence of interactions between energy and entropy on organizations’ applications of machine learning. In doing so, profound challenges are revealed for human-artificial intelligence systems.
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Wang, Qiaosi, Ida Camacho, Shan Jing, and Ashok K. Goel. "Understanding the Design Space of AI-Mediated Social Interaction in Online Learning: Challenges and Opportunities." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW1 (March 30, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3512977.
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Our online interactions are constantly mediated through Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially our social interactions. AI-mediated social interaction is the AI-facilitated process of building and maintaining social connections between individuals through information inferred from people's online posts. With its impending application across a number of contexts, the challenges and opportunities of AI-mediated social interaction remain underexplored. This paper seeks to understand the design space of AI-mediated social interaction in the context of online learning, where students frequently face social isolation. We deployed an AI agent named SAMI in three class discussion forums to help online learners build social connections. Using SAMI as a probe, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 students to understand their difficulties in remote social interactions and their experiences with SAMI. Through the lenses of social translucence and social-technical gap, we illustrate online learners' difficulties in remote social interactions and how SAMI resolved some of the difficulties. We also identify potential ethical and social challenges of SAMI such as user agency and privacy. Based on our findings, we outline the design space of AI-mediated social interaction. We discuss the design tension between AI performance and ethical design and pinpoint two design opportunities for AI-mediated social interaction in designing towards human-AI collaborative social matching and artificial serendipity.
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Basu, Sumanta, Karl Kumbier, James B. Brown, and Bin Yu. "Iterative random forests to discover predictive and stable high-order interactions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 8 (January 19, 2018): 1943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711236115.
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Genomics has revolutionized biology, enabling the interrogation of whole transcriptomes, genome-wide binding sites for proteins, and many other molecular processes. However, individual genomic assays measure elements that interact in vivo as components of larger molecular machines. Understanding how these high-order interactions drive gene expression presents a substantial statistical challenge. Building on random forests (RFs) and random intersection trees (RITs) and through extensive, biologically inspired simulations, we developed the iterative random forest algorithm (iRF). iRF trains a feature-weighted ensemble of decision trees to detect stable, high-order interactions with the same order of computational cost as the RF. We demonstrate the utility of iRF for high-order interaction discovery in two prediction problems: enhancer activity in the early Drosophila embryo and alternative splicing of primary transcripts in human-derived cell lines. In Drosophila, among the 20 pairwise transcription factor interactions iRF identifies as stable (returned in more than half of bootstrap replicates), 80% have been previously reported as physical interactions. Moreover, third-order interactions, e.g., between Zelda (Zld), Giant (Gt), and Twist (Twi), suggest high-order relationships that are candidates for follow-up experiments. In human-derived cells, iRF rediscovered a central role of H3K36me3 in chromatin-mediated splicing regulation and identified interesting fifth- and sixth-order interactions, indicative of multivalent nucleosomes with specific roles in splicing regulation. By decoupling the order of interactions from the computational cost of identification, iRF opens additional avenues of inquiry into the molecular mechanisms underlying genome biology.
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Zordan, Mirna, Gianni Talamini, and Caterina Villani. "The Association between Ground Floor Features and Public Open Space Face-To-Face Interactions: Evidence from Nantou Village, Shenzhen." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24 (December 5, 2019): 4934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244934.
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With face-to-face interaction proving beneficial for mental health, there is still a paucity of research on the correlation between ground floor features (GFFs), defined here as the features of the ground floor of buildings overlooking a street, and public open space face-to-face interaction density (POSFTFID), defined as the density of human face-to-face interactions in the public open space (POS) adjacent to each building. Is there a correlation between GFFs and POSFTFID? This study aims to answer this question gaining empirical evidence from a Chinese village in the city (ViC). Behavioural mapping and statistical analysis were employed and the following GFFs were tested: Ground floor area, indoor visible space, presence of stairs, POS adjacent area, and land use. Results show an association between POSFTFID and: (1) The area of the POS adjacent to each building, (2) the degree of visibility (ratio of indoor visible space to total internal space) of the ground floor, (3) the presence of stairs. Moreover, food appears to be an important attribute fostering social interaction. Results can provide insights on future implications in urban design strategies and planning policies aiming at enhancing mental health conditions in contemporary cities.
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Breazeal, Cynthia, Daphna Buchsbaum, Jesse Gray, David Gatenby, and Bruce Blumberg. "Learning From and About Others: Towards Using Imitation to Bootstrap the Social Understanding of Others by Robots." Artificial Life 11, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1064546053278955.
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We want to build robots capable of rich social interactions with humans, including natural communication and cooperation. This work explores how imitation as a social learning and teaching process may be applied to building socially intelligent robots, and summarizes our progress toward building a robot capable of learning how to imitate facial expressions from simple imitative games played with a human, using biologically inspired mechanisms. It is possible for the robot to bootstrap from this imitative ability to infer the affective reaction of the human with whom it interacts and then use this affective assessment to guide its subsequent behavior. Our approach is heavily influenced by the ways human infants learn to communicate with their caregivers and come to understand the actions and expressive behavior of others in intentional and motivational terms. Specifically, our approach is guided by the hypothesis that imitative interactions between infant and caregiver, starting with facial mimicry, are a significant stepping-stone to developing appropriate social behavior, to predicting others' actions, and ultimately to understanding people as social beings.
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Yadav, Rohit, and Tripti Mahara. "Interactions and Participation on Social Commerce Websites: Exploratory Study." Global Business Review 21, no. 4 (July 2, 2018): 1127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150918779270.
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An increasing number of organizations are adopting social commerce (SC) to engage and occupy customers in product development, sales and support activities. Therefore, it is imperative for retailers and marketers to know customers’ adoption behaviour towards SC websites and the benefits they gain through voluntary contribution of information on these websites. The study attempts to identify customer participation through development of a conceptual framework based on the uses and gratification (UG) approach. The importance of non-altruistic motives, that is, benefits shape member’s participation on SC websites, is confirmed by results. According to the results, two interaction characteristics, that is, human interactivity and member identity are essential for building trust in SC website. Findings of the study also conclude that interaction characteristics strongly affect three benefits, that is, personal integrative, social integrative and hedonic. Hence, it is implied that benefits gained by members on SC website interactions shape their participation intentions. Therefore, SC websites must be designed keeping in view both usage and benefits by members.
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Bagadaeva, Olga, Marina Golubchikova, Elena Kamenskaya, and Mariam Arpentieva. "Ecological aspects of the education and resilience of preschool teachers." E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 09021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128409021.
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An individual acquires environmental knowledge and skills (competencies) in several ways. In addition to direct training within the framework of special courses, the ecology of everyday interactions and human behavior is of great importance, especially in the early stages of development, starting with preschool age. The ecology of pedagogical interaction as a system of environmentally literate relationships between educational subjects includes a number of indicators, including those related to the formation of the personal prerequisites for such interaction. One of them is the teacher’s resistance to stress, which he forms and develops also in his wards. The aim of the study is to analyze the resistance to stress of a teacher as a factor in the ecology of educational relations and interactions. The profession of a teacher in a preschool institution is highly and diversely stressful, requiring self-regulation (self-management), due to a significant psychological load that exceeds that of many other specialists. Stress resistance of a teacher of a preschool educational institution plays an important role in building and improving didactic relations, as well as the formation and development of environmental literacy and human culture.
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Conceição, Sofia I. R., and Francisco M. Couto. "Text Mining for Building Biomedical Networks Using Cancer as a Case Study." Biomolecules 11, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11101430.
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In the assembly of biological networks it is important to provide reliable interactions in an effort to have the most possible accurate representation of real-life systems. Commonly, the data used to build a network comes from diverse high-throughput essays, however most of the interaction data is available through scientific literature. This has become a challenge with the notable increase in scientific literature being published, as it is hard for human curators to track all recent discoveries without using efficient tools to help them identify these interactions in an automatic way. This can be surpassed by using text mining approaches which are capable of extracting knowledge from scientific documents. One of the most important tasks in text mining for biological network building is relation extraction, which identifies relations between the entities of interest. Many interaction databases already use text mining systems, and the development of these tools will lead to more reliable networks, as well as the possibility to personalize the networks by selecting the desired relations. This review will focus on different approaches of automatic information extraction from biomedical text that can be used to enhance existing networks or create new ones, such as deep learning state-of-the-art approaches, focusing on cancer disease as a case-study.
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Subramaniam, Nantha Kumar. "Web-based learning through mixed-initiative interactions: Design and implementation." Asian Association of Open Universities Journal 8, no. 2 (September 1, 2013): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-08-02-2013-b002.
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Mixed-initiative interaction is a naturally-occurring feature of human-human interactions. It is characterised by turn-taking, frequent change of focus, agenda and control among the "speakers". This human-based mixed-initiative interaction can be implemented through mixed-initiative systems. This is a popular approach to building intelligent systems that can collaborate naturally and effectively with people. Mixed-initiative systems exhibit various degrees of involvement with regards to the initiatives taken by the user or the system. In any discourse, the initiative may be shared between either, a learner and a system agent, or between two independent system agents. Both the parties in question establish and maintain a common goal and context, and proceed with an interaction mechanism involving initiative taking that optimises their progress towards the goal. However, the application of mixed-initiative interaction in web-based learning is very much limited. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a web-based learning system through mixedinitiative system known as JavaLearn. JavaLearn allows the interaction between the system (in the form of a software agent) and the individual learner. Here, the system supports the learning through a problem solving activity by demanding active learning behaviour from the learner with minimal natural language understanding by the agent and embodies the application-dependent aspects of the discourse. It guides the learner to solve the problem by giving adaptive advice, hints and engages the learner in the real time interaction in the form of "conversation". The principal features of this system are it is adaptive and is based on reflection, observation and relation. The system acquires its intelligence through the finite state machine and rule-based agents.
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Pauls, Jake. "Environmental Design Strategies for Building Egress." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 9 (September 2002): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600908.
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The events of September 2001, 2001, plus the events' technical and political aftermath have helped to identify an unfortunate lack of research into building evacuation. The relative dearth of research is ironic given evacuation's central role in mitigation for a range of emergencies and its prominence in environmental design requirements in building codes and standards. The field of human factors has much to offer, for example, in a philosophical or strategic focus on human-centered design as well in more-prosaic issues such as exit stair width and handrail provision. Much of the available research addresses fairly low-level ergonomic issues such as exit stair width in relation to egress capacity and the impact on evacuation time. in addition to more-sophisticated research into the relatively simple issues, ahead lies more-difficult research relating to strategic issues and the provision of information to building occupants in emergencies, occupants' situational awareness generally, and the many social interactions—in seldom-considered environmental contexts—that are at the heart of major evacuations of large buildings such as in the case of the World Trade Center.
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Hafiz, Abdul Rahman, Fady Alnajjar, and Kazuyuki Murase. "A Novel Bioinspired Vision System: A Step toward Real-Time Human-Robot Interactions." Journal of Robotics 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/943137.
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Building a human-like robot that could be involved in our daily lives is a dream of many scientists. Achieving a sophisticated robot's vision system, which can enhance the robot's real-time interaction ability with the human, is one of the main keys toward realizing such an autonomous robot. In this work, we are suggesting a bioinspired vision system that helps to develop an advanced human-robot interaction in an autonomous humanoid robot. First, we enhance the robot's vision accuracy online by applying a novel dynamic edge detection algorithm abstracted from the rules that the horizontal cells play in the mammalian retina. Second, in order to support the first algorithm, we improve the robot's tracking ability by designing a variant photoreceptors distribution corresponding to what exists in the human vision system. The experimental results verified the validity of the model. The robot could have a clear vision in real time and build a mental map that assisted it to be aware of the frontal users and to develop a positive interaction with them.
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Calderon, Ana C., and Peter Johnson. "Achieving an Information System's Capability through C2." International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management 7, no. 1 (January 2015): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiscram.2015010105.
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The authors present a literature review of command and control, linking sociological elements of academic research to military research in a novel way. They will discuss task modeling literature (seen in human machine interaction studies), general aspects of collectives and military and academic research on command and control, studies of autonomous systems and considerations of interactions between humans and autonomous agents. Based on the survey and associations between aspects from these fields, the authors compose a recommendation list for aspects crucial to building of information systems capable of achieving their true capability, through command and control.
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Liberman-Pincu, Ela, Amit David, Vardit Sarne-Fleischmann, Yael Edan, and Tal Oron-Gilad. "Comply with Me: Using Design Manipulations to Affect Human–Robot Interaction in a COVID-19 Officer Robot Use Case." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5110071.
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This study examines the effect of a COVID-19 Officer Robot (COR) on passersby compliance and the effects of its minor design manipulations on human–robot interaction. A robotic application was developed to ensure participants entering a public building comply with COVID restrictions of a green pass and wearing a face mask. The participants’ attitudes toward the robot and their perception of its authoritativeness were explored with video and questionnaires data. Thematic analysis was used to define unique behaviors related to human–COR interaction. Direct and extended interactions with minor design manipulation of the COR were evaluated in a public scenario setting. The results demonstrate that even minor design manipulations may influence users’ attitudes toward officer robots. The outcomes of this research can support manufacturers in rapidly adjusting their robots to new domains and tasks and guide future designs of authoritative socially assistive robots (SARs).
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Phillips, Rob, and Naho Matsuda. "Engaging design for ecological citizenship: Informing approaches to human‐nature interactions." Journal of Design, Business & Society 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 39–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/dbs_00032_1.
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The COVID-19 pandemic forefronted public urban and suburban nature interactions. ‘Human‐nature interactions’ produce positive health impacts, knowledge production, risk perception, sustainable behaviour, engagement in conservation and more. Governmental and charitable reporting documents ‘nature deficit disorder’. The Design Economy report (2021) highlights that social, environmental and economic design must engage communities. Ergo, building community empowerment, is paramount to catalyse and embed sustainable design practices. The authors define a contemporary design space, unpick strategies and present ‘approaches to human‐nature interactions’ insights. The My Naturewatch (NW) project features an accessible DIY camera trap, fostering beneficial nature engagements regardless of location, technological and/or wildlife expertise. NW is central within the outlined design space. The article reports on NW deployment(s) and catalysing organizations and communities. Three studies include: (1) The Wildlife Trusts #30dayswild, digital campaign, (2) The Durrell Trust, placed-based activity and (3) Nova New Opportunities, working with re-located communities. The authors acknowledge communities are sacrosanct and a substantial sustainable design asset for regeneration. The work leverages contemporary ‘phy-digital’ engagements, highlighting practices of social, environmental and public design spaces. The findings insights benefit cultural institutions, practitioners, conservation projects and more.
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Miyake, Tina, Charles Parker, Anna Hall, and Ronald Boring. "Conceptualizing Team Working Memory: Implications for Human-Automation Collaboration." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, no. 1 (September 2021): 1259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651025.
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Interactions between humans and machines are becoming increasingly more complex and intelligent. Building accurate models of human and automation collaboration will require identification and appropriate measurement of constructs. In this paper, we review several studies on working memory and automation. We then propose that the construct of Team working memory must be validated against established benchmarks and distinguished from individual WM. A separate construct for Team working memory might have implications for automation.
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Groppe, Matthias, Marc Bui, and Romano Pagliari Pagliari. "Applying Functional Analysis to Study the Airline Pilot’s Perspective on Human- Human Interactions during Flight Operation." Journal of Air Transport Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v1i1.115.
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The objective of the study is to understand the cooperation building process within Human-Human Interaction (HHI) during Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) in a distributed, multipleobjective decision making environment. It is based upon functional HHI analysis within typical CDM flight operation situations where the flight operation includes the inbound, turn-round, and outbound phases of the flight. A survey was undertaken which sought to identify aircraft pilots’ perspective on cooperation with other operators during various flight situations. In this study, different situations are compared and characterized by: (1) a synchronous interaction mode, where all participating operators interact with each other at the same time, and (2) an asynchronous interaction mode, where the participating operators interact with each other at different times. Task and decision-making for all situations is distributed between operators. The aircraft pilot’s perspective and their information requirements during these flight situations are used to identify critical information processing during CDM.
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Jiao, Wen Xian. "The Spatial Modeling Environment (SME) and Its Application Perspective in Hei River Basin of Northwestern China." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.199.
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The environment problem in Hei River Basin of Northwestern China, which was caused by the interactions of natural and human systems, was very complex. Only the development and application of integrated tools could we better describe and analyse the ongoing process. In this paper, we introduced the Spatial Modeling Environment (SME) as a powerful tool to simplify the integrated model building. After describing the funtion and architecture of SME, we discussed its application perspective in Hei River Basin. It appeared that in order to achieve an integrated ecologicl economic model which could explore the endogenous interaction between socio-economic and ecological dynamics, researchers should identify the main human factors and spatialize them to make natural and human factors have an identical and fixed spatial-temporal scale. The work of identifying human factors in environment impact assesement was very complex. We introduced the IPAT identity as a useful freamwork for identifying the main human factors.
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Ekambaram, Rajasekaran, and Indupriya Rajasekaran. "Nanone interactions in antibody of living systems." Modern Health Science 4, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/mhs.v4n2p1.
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One of the facts about how nanoparticle assemble and act is revealed using carbon value in biomolecule of living system here. This is how the biomolecules interact to bring about a micro or even macro level interaction in system of interest. This study shows micro level understanding can be better utilized from carbon analysis at nano level. I plan to extend this phenomena of change from nano to micro for building large scale applications in human nature. Applications include corrections in both at sequence and structure level for permanent recovery of defective one, adding flavor to the existing biomolecule for faster delivery or recovery etc. I have demonstrated here the active role played by carbon and all. This might be extended to another system of setup where new applications yet to be created. One can extend this phenomena of change from nano to large scale one.
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Mehraliyev, Fuad, Youngjoon Choi, and Brian King. "Expert Online Review Platforms: Interactions between Specialization, Experience, and User Power." Journal of Travel Research 60, no. 2 (February 8, 2020): 384–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287520901595.
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Using the “Computers are social actors” paradigm, this study brings the concept of power to human–computer interactions in tourism. Building on theories of social power and deliberate practice, the authors examine psychological effects of expert power of online travel review platforms (influencer) and its interaction effects with the power of users (influenced). Two expert platform attributes are conceptualized: specialization and experience. A significant interaction effect was identified between platform specialization, platform experience, and user power on perceived information-task fit using a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment. When users are powerful, specialization affected perceived information-task fit for low-experience platforms; no significant effect was evident for high experience platforms. When users are powerless, specialization did not affect perceived information-task fit, regardless of experience condition. Perceived information-task fit mediated the effect of specialization on intention to use. The findings contribute to power discourses by exploring the workings of expert power.
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Jansz, Sascha Naomi, Terry van Dijk, and Mark P. Mobach. "Facilitating campus interactions – critical success factors according to university facility directors." Facilities 39, no. 9/10 (May 7, 2021): 585–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-03-2020-0031.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate which critical success factors (CSFs) influence interaction on campuses as identified by the facility directors (FDs) of Dutch university campuses and to discuss how these compare with the literature. Design/methodology/approach All 13 Dutch university campus FDs were interviewed (office and walking interview), focussing on CSFs relating to spaces and services that facilitate interaction. Open coding and thematic analysis resulted in empirically driven categories indicated by the respondents. Similarities and differences between the CSFs as previously identified in the literature are discussed. Findings The following categories emerged: constraints, motivators, designing spaces, designing services, building community and creating coherence. The campus is seen as a system containing subsystems and is itself part of a wider system (environment), forming a layered structure. Constraints and motivators are part of the environment but cannot be separated from the other four categories, as they influence their applicability. Research limitations/implications This study was limited to interviews with FDs and related staff. The richness of the findings shows that this was a relevant and efficient data collection strategy for the purpose of this study. Practical implications By viewing the campus as an open system, this study puts the practical applicability of CSFs into perspective yet provides a clear overview of CSFs related to campus interaction that may be included in future campus design policies. Social implications This (more) complete overview of CSFs identified in both literature and practice will help FDs, policymakers and campus designers to apply these CSFs in their campus designs. This improved campus design would increase the number of knowledge sharing interactions, contributing to innovation and valorisation. This could create a significant impact in all research fields, such as health, technology or well-being, benefitting society as a whole. Originality/value This study provides a comprehensive overview and comparison of CSFs from both literature and practice, allowing more effective application of CSFs in campus design policies. A framework for future studies on CSFs for interaction on campuses is provided.
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Coronas-Serna, Julia María, Elba del Val, Jonathan C. Kagan, María Molina, and Víctor J. Cid. "Heterologous Expression and Assembly of Human TLR Signaling Components in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Biomolecules 11, no. 11 (November 22, 2021): 1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111737.
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Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is key to detect pathogens and initiating inflammation. Ligand recognition triggers the assembly of supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs) consisting of large complexes composed of multiple subunits. Building such signaling hubs relies on Toll Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR) and Death Domain (DD) protein-protein interaction domains. We have expressed TIR domain-containing components of the human myddosome (TIRAP and MyD88) and triffosome (TRAM and TRIF) SMOCs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a platform for their study. Interactions between the TLR4 TIR domain, TIRAP, and MyD88 were recapitulated in yeast. Human TIRAP decorated the yeast plasma membrane (PM), except for the bud neck, whereas MyD88 was found at cytoplasmic spots, which were consistent with endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria junctions, as evidenced by co-localization with Mmm1 and Mdm34, components of the ER and Mitochondria Encounter Structures (ERMES). The formation of MyD88-TIRAP foci at the yeast PM was reinforced by co-expression of a membrane-bound TLR4 TIR domain. Mutations in essential residues of their TIR domains aborted MyD88 recruitment by TIRAP, but their respective subcellular localizations were unaltered. TRAM and TRIF, however, did not co-localize in yeast. TRAM assembled long PM-bound filaments that were disrupted by co-expression of the TLR4 TIR domain. Our results evidence that the yeast model can be exploited to study the interactions and subcellular localization of human SMOC components in vivo.
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Pfautz, Stacy Lovell, Gabriel Ganberg, Adam Fouse, and Nathan Schurr. "A General Context-Aware Framework for Improved Human-System Interactions." AI Magazine 36, no. 2 (June 21, 2015): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v36i2.2582.
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For humans and automation to effectively collaborate and perform tasks, all participants need access to a common representation of potentially relevant situational information, or context. This article describes a general framework for building context-aware interactive intelligent systems that comprises three major functions: (1) capture human-system interactions and infer implicit context; (2) analyze and predict user intent and goals; and (3) provide effective augmentation or mitigation strategies to improve performance, such as delivering timely, personalized information and recommendations, adjusting levels of automation, or adapting visualizations. Our goal is to develop an approach that enables humans to interact with automation more intuitively and naturally that is reusable across domains by modeling context and algorithms at a higher-level of abstraction. We first provide an operational definition of context and discuss challenges and opportunities for exploiting context. We then describe our current work towards a general platform that supports developing context-aware applications in a variety of domains. We then explore an example use case illustrating how our framework can facilitate personalized collaboration within an information management and decision support tool. Future work includes evaluating our framework.
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Cao, Zhe, Shuangtao Wang, Pingping Luo, Danni Xie, and Wei Zhu. "Watershed Ecohydrological Processes in a Changing Environment: Opportunities and Challenges." Water 14, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091502.
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Basin ecohydrological processes are essential for informing policymaking and social development in response to growing environmental problems. In this paper, we review watershed ecohydrology, focusing on the interaction between watershed ecological and hydrological processes. Climate change and human activities are the most important factors influencing water quantity and quality, and there is a need to integrate watershed socioeconomic activities into the paradigm of watershed ecohydrological process studies. Then, we propose a new framework for integrated watershed management. It includes (1) data collection: building an integrated observation network; (2) theoretical basis: attribution analysis; (3) integrated modeling: medium- and long-term prediction of ecohydrological processes by human–nature interactions; and (4) policy orientation. The paper was a potential solution to overcome challenges in the context of frequent climate extremes and rapid land-use change.