Academic literature on the topic 'Human-building interactions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Human-building interactions"
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Ozcelik, Gokce, Burcin Becerik-Gerber, and Ragini Chugh. "Understanding human-building interactions under multimodal discomfort." Building and Environment 151 (March 2019): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.12.046.
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von Grabe, Jörn. "Decision models and data in human-building interactions." Energy Research & Social Science 19 (September 2016): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2016.05.022.
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Hong, Tianzhen, Chien-fei Chen, Zhe Wang, and Xiaojing Xu. "Linking human-building interactions in shared offices with personality traits." Building and Environment 170 (March 2020): 106602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106602.
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von Grabe, Jörn. "How do occupants decide their interactions with the building? From qualitative data to a psychological framework of human-building-interaction." Energy Research & Social Science 14 (April 2016): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2016.01.002.
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Choi, Minji, Moonseo Park, Hyun-Soo Lee, and Sungjoo Hwang. "Analysis of Building Emergency Evacuation Process with Interactions in Human Behaviors." Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 14, no. 6 (November 30, 2013): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.6106/kjcem.2013.14.6.049.
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Mahmood, Ali, and Sepehr Abrishami. "BIM for lean building surveying services." Construction Innovation 20, no. 3 (May 14, 2020): 447–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-11-2019-0131.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the implementation of building information modelling (BIM) concepts of the various processes involved in building surveying practice can lead to a reduction in waste. In turn leading to a synergy between BIM functionalities and lean production concepts. Design/methodology/approach To verify and validate the existence of this synergy between the two methods in building surveying, evidences were gathered from previous literature that supports these interactions. Next, a questionnaire was conducted for the purpose of identifying new interactions and providing further evidence to support existing interactions. Finally, based on the findings from previous literature and the results of the questionnaire, an interaction matrix was constructed linking the two concepts with the relevant evidence found. Findings The results of the questionnaire show that the BIM functionality with the highest interactions, maintenance of information integrity, had a high correlation with the reduction of variability, cycle time, batch size and promoting standardization of value flow. 4 D model-based scheduling, the second highest functionality, showed a high correlation with the reduction of variability, cycle time, batch size and an increase in the use of visual management. Finally, the results of the interaction matrix between the two concepts showed that the BIM functionalities with the most interactions were maintenance of information integrity, visualization of form and the automated generation of models and documents. The lean principles with the most interactions were reducing variability, cycle time, batch size as well as “enables visual management”. While most of these interactions were positive, negative interactions were also observed. These negative interactions were due to the fact that the level of competency and knowledge in BIM for building surveyors is at reduced levels which can lead to increased human errors. Originality/value The significance of this study is to provide the basis for building surveying organizations who wish to implement BIM and how this would lead to a synergy between BIM functionalities and lean principles. Both positive and negative interactions were considered to provide these organizations with different options for waste elimination.
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Wiltse, Heather, Erik Stolterman, and Johan Redström. "Wicked Interactions." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 19, no. 1 (2015): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne201531926.
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The digital computational technologies that over the past decades have come to be fully integrated into nearly all aspects of human life have varying forms, scales, interactive mechanisms, functions, configurations, and interconnections. Much of this complexity and associated implications for human experience are, however, hidden by prevalent notions of ‘the computer’ as an object. In this paper, we consider how everyday digital technologies collectively mediate human experience, arguing that these technologies are better understood as fluid assemblages that have as many similarities with the infra-structural as they have properties typical for objects. We characterize these aspects in terms of ‘wicked interactions,’ drawing on and adapting the classic theory of wicked problems in design discourse that has similarly considered the complexity of interactions with and within other types of social infrastructure. In doing this we emphasize the need and the potential for building up connections between philosophy of technology and design discourse, with the hope that this might further the shared goals of understanding digital technologies and their consequences and determining how to act in relation to them and their design.
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Rutenberg, Andrew, Spencer Farrell, Arnold Mitnitski, Kenneth Rockwood, and Garrett Stubbings. "Building, testing, and learning from network models of human aging." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1576.
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Abstract We have developed computational models of human aging that are based on complex networks of interactions between health attributes of individuals. Our “generic network model” (GNM) captures the population level exponential increase of mortality with age in Gompertz’s law together with the exponential decrease of health as measured by the frailty index (FI). Our GNM includes only random accumulation of damage, with no programmed aging. Our GNM allows large populations of model individuals to be quickly generated with detailed individual health trajectories. This allows us to explore individual damage propagation in detail. To facilitate comparison with observational data, we have also developed and tested new approaches to binarizing continuous-valued health data. To extract the most information out of available cross-sectional or longitudinal data, we have also reconstructed interactions from generalized network models that can predict individual health trajectories and mortality.
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Connelly, Edward. "Building Performance Measures: A Human Factors Problem." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 18 (October 1995): 1165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901804.
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Performance assessments via institutionalized performance measures are a key part of the ongoing, global restructuring of corporate, industrial, government, and military ways of doing business. Corporations, recognizing that the “game” is played for keeps, are reorganizing to survive and prosper in the national and international environment. Often, this restructuring is not just adding new technology, although it typically takes advantage of new technology. Instead, this is a work environment change supporting effective work interactions. Led by the training and human resources personnel, employees learn to share goals, to communicate effectively and to help each other solve problems in order to function as an effective team. Results of these efforts are truly inspiring. Organizations such as Kodak, IBM, Ford, and others have turned things around, producing profitable units providing quality products and services, and having fun while doing it (Anfuso 1994). A key part of this turn-a-round is the common understanding of how performance is evaluated, a result achieved via instutionalized performance measures. A performance measure is a definition of how performance is to be assessed. The definition is always based on an individual's subjective preference of the worth of demonstrated performances or proposed activities. When the individual is an authority whose performance assessments significantly impact the performance of other individuals and the organization, then that individual's assessment concept demands attention. A performance measure, acceptable to that authority by virtue of it rating performances the same way the authority does, can systematize the assessment process by communicating what data are to be collected and how those data are to be processed to determine the performance rating. Extracting information from authorities for building performance measures does not require advances in computer technology or mathematics. Instead, it requires creating an environment in which the authority can interact with a facilitator to consider alternative workplace outcomes and can provide ratings of the desirability of each outcome. To demonstrate this interaction as a human factors problem, this paper describes the environments necessary to extract the definitions of good performance from authorities. These definitions are the basis for building the equivalent performance measures.
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Wang, Heting, Vidya Gaddy, James Ross Beveridge, and Francisco R. Ortega. "Building an Emotionally Responsive Avatar with Dynamic Facial Expressions in Human—Computer Interactions." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5030013.
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The role of affect has been long studied in human–computer interactions. Unlike previous studies that focused on seven basic emotions, an avatar named Diana was introduced who expresses a higher level of emotional intelligence. To adapt to the users various affects during interaction, Diana simulates emotions with dynamic facial expressions. When two people collaborated to build blocks, their affects were recognized and labeled using the Affdex SDK and a descriptive analysis was provided. When participants turned to collaborate with Diana, their subjective responses were collected and the length of completion was recorded. Three modes of Diana were involved: a flat-faced Diana, a Diana that used mimicry facial expressions, and a Diana that used emotionally responsive facial expressions. Twenty-one responses were collected through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and the NASA TLX. Results from questionnaires were not statistically different. However, the emotionally responsive Diana obtained more positive responses, and people spent the longest time with the mimicry Diana. In post-study comments, most participants perceived facial expressions on Diana’s face as natural, four mentioned uncomfortable feelings caused by the Uncanny Valley effect.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human-building interactions"
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Ma, Nuo. "Indoor Human Sensing for Human Building Interaction." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98916.
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We inhabit space. This means our deepest mental and emotional understanding of the world is tied intimately to our experiences as we perceive them in a physical context. Just like a book or film may induce a sense of presence, so too may our modern sensor drenched infrastructures and mobile information spaces. With the recent development of personal and ubiquitous computing devices that we always carry with us, and increased connectivity and robustness of wireless connections, there is an increasing tie between people and things around them. This also includes the space people inhabit. However, such enhanced experiences are usually limited to a personal environment with a personal smartphone being the central device. We would like to bring such technology enhanced experiences to large public spaces with many occupants where their movement patterns, and interactions can be shared, recorded, and studied in order to improve the occupants' efficiency and satisfaction. Specifically, we use sensor networks and ubiquitous computing to create smart built environments that are seamlessly aware of and responsive to the occupants. Human sensing system is one of the key enabling technologies for smart built environments. We present our research findings related to the design and deployment of an indoor human sensing system in large public built spaces. We use a case study to illustrate the challenges, opportunities, and lessons for the emerging field of human building interaction. We present several fundamental design trade-offs, applications, and performance measures for the case study.Master of Science
The recent advances in mobile technologies, like smart phones and enhanced wireless communication, allow people to experience added comfort and convenience brought by these devices. For example, smart lighting and air conditioning control can be set remotely, before people arrive at their homes. However, these personal experiences are usually limited to personal spaces and tied to a specific personal smart phone. When it comes to public spaces, we seldom see such technological advancement being utilized. In reality, the concept of smart public spaces is still limited to technologies like opening / closing a door automatically. We discuss the reasons that cause such difference between personal and public spaces. We argue that Human Building Interactions should be shaped around non-intrusive indoor human sensing technologies. We present discussions, considerations and implementation of a system that uses a low cost camera network for indoor human sensing. We also describe several applications based on the developed system. We demonstrate how to bring technology enhanced experiences to public built spaces and provide smart built environments.
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Ballivian, Sergio Marlon. "Anonymous Indoor Positioning System using Depth Sensors for Context-aware Human-Building Interaction." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89612.
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Indoor Localization Systems (ILS), also known as Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS), has been created to determine the position of individuals and other assets inside facilities. Indoor Localization Systems have been implemented for monitoring individuals and objects in a variety of sectors. In addition, ILS could be used for energy and sustainability purposes. Energy management is a complex and important challenge in the Built Environment. The indoor localization market is expected to increase by 33.8 billion in the next 5 years based on the 2016 global survey report (Marketsandmarkets.com).
Therefore, this thesis focused on exploring and investigating "depth sensors" application in detecting occupants' indoor positions to be used for smarter management of energy consumption in buildings. An interconnected passive depth-sensor-based system of occupants' positioning was investigated for human-building interaction applications. This research investigates the fundamental requirements for depth-sensing technology to detect, identify and track subjects as they move across different spaces. This depth-based approach is capable of sensing and identifying individuals by accounting for the privacy concerns of users in an indoor environment. The proposed system relies on a fixed depth sensor that detects the skeleton, measures the depth, and further extracts multiple features from the characteristics of the human body to identify them through a classifier. An example application of such a system is to capture an individuals' thermal preferences in an environment and deliver services (targeted air conditioning) accordingly while they move in the building.
The outcome of this study will enable the application of cost-effective depth sensors for identification and tracking purposes in indoor environments. This research will contribute to the feasibility of accurate detection of individuals and smarter energy management using depth sensing technologies by proposing new features and creating combinations with typical biometric features. The addition of features such as the area and volume of human body surface was shown to increase the accuracy of the identification of individuals. Depth-sensing imaging could be combined with different ILS approaches and provide reliable information for service delivery in building spaces. The proposed sensing technology could enable the inference of people location and thermal preferences across different indoor spaces, as well as, sustainable operations by detecting unoccupied rooms in buildings.Master of Science
Although Global Positioning System (GPS) has a satisfactory performance navigating outdoors, it fails in indoor environments due to the line of sight requirements. Physical obstacles such as walls, overhead floors, and roofs weaken GPS functionality in closed environments. This limitation has opened a new direction of studies, technologies, and research efforts to create indoor location sensing capabilities. In this study, we have explored the feasibility of using an indoor positioning system that seeks to detect occupants’ location and preferences accurately without raising privacy concerns. Context-aware systems were created to learn dynamics of interactions between human and buildings, examples are sensing, localizing, and distinguishing individuals. An example application is to enable a responsive air-conditioning system to adapt to personalized thermal preferences of occupants in an indoor environment as they move across spaces. To this end, we have proposed to leverage depth sensing technology, such as Microsoft Kinect sensor, that could provide information on human activities and unique skeletal attributes for identification. The proposed sensing technology could enable the inference of people location and preferences at any time and their activity levels across different indoor spaces. This system could be used for sustainable operations in buildings by detecting unoccupied rooms in buildings to save energy and reduce the cost of heating, lighting or air conditioning equipment by delivering air conditioning according to the preferences of occupants. This thesis has explored the feasibility and challenges of using depth-sensing technology for the aforementioned objectives. In doing so, we have conducted experimental studies, as well as data analyses, using different scenarios for human-environment interactions. The results have shown that we could achieve an acceptable level of accuracy in detecting individuals across different spaces for different actions.
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Agee, Philip Ryan. "A Macroergonomics Path to Human-centered, Adaptive Buildings." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102751.
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Human-building relationships impact everyone in industrialized society. We spend approximately 90% of our lives in the built environment. Buildings have a large impact on the environment; consuming 20% of worldwide energy (40% of U.S. energy) annually. Buildings are complex systems, yet architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) professionals often perform their work without considering the human factors that affect the operational performance of the building system. The AEC industry currently employs a linear design and delivery approach, lacking verified performance standards and real-time feedback once a certificate of occupancy is issued. We rely on static monthly utility bills that lag and mask occupant behavior. We rely on lawsuits and anecdotal business development trends as our feedback mechanisms for the evaluation of a complex, system-based product. The omission of human factors in the design and delivery of high performance building systems creates risk for the AEC industry. Neglecting an iterative, human-centered design approach inhibits our ability to relinquish the building industry's position as the top energy consuming sector. Therefore, this research aims to explore, identify, and propose optimizations to critical human-building relationships in the multifamily housing system.
This work is grounded in Sociotechnical Systems theory (STS). STS provides the most appropriate theoretical construct for this work because 1) human-building interactions (HBI) are fundamentally, human-technology interactions, 2) understanding HBI will improve total system performance, and 3) the interrelationships among human-building subsystems and the potential for interventions to effect the dynamics of the system are not currently well understood. STS was developed in the 1940's as a result of work system design changes with coal mining in the United Kingdom. STS consists of four subsystems and provides a theoretical framework to approach the joint optimization of complex social and technical problems. In the context of this work, multidisciplinary approaches were leveraged from human factors engineering and building construction to explore relationships among the four STS subsystems. An exploratory case study transformed the work from theoretical construct toward an applied STS model. Data are gathered from each STS subsystem using a mixed-methods research design. Methods include Systematic Review (SR), a descriptive case study of zero energy housing, and the Macroergonomics Analysis and Design (MEAD) of three builder-developers. This work contributes to bridging the bodies of knowledge between human factors engineering and the AEC industry. An output of this work is a framework and work system recommendations to produce human-centered, adaptive buildings.
This work specifically examined the system inputs and outputs of multifamily housing in the United States. The findings are supportive of existing scientific society, government, and industry standards and goals. Relevant standards and goals include the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) Macroergonomics and Environmental Design Technical Groups, International Energy Agency's Energy in Buildings ANNEX 79 Occupant Behavior-Centric Building Design and Operation, the U.S. Department of Energy's Building America Research to Market Plan and zero energy building goals of the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).Doctor of Philosophy
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Agee, Philip. "A Macroergonomics Path to Human-centered, Adaptive Buildings." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102751.
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Human-building relationships impact everyone in industrialized society. We spend approximately 90% of our lives in the built environment. Buildings have a large impact on the environment; consuming 20% of worldwide energy (40% of U.S. energy) annually. Buildings are complex systems, yet architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) professionals often perform their work without considering the human factors that affect the operational performance of the building system. The AEC industry currently employs a linear design and delivery approach, lacking verified performance standards and real-time feedback once a certificate of occupancy is issued. We rely on static monthly utility bills that lag and mask occupant behavior. We rely on lawsuits and anecdotal business development trends as our feedback mechanisms for the evaluation of a complex, system-based product. The omission of human factors in the design and delivery of high performance building systems creates risk for the AEC industry. Neglecting an iterative, human-centered design approach inhibits our ability to relinquish the building industry's position as the top energy consuming sector. Therefore, this research aims to explore, identify, and propose optimizations to critical human-building relationships in the multifamily housing system.
This work is grounded in Sociotechnical Systems theory (STS). STS provides the most appropriate theoretical construct for this work because 1) human-building interactions (HBI) are fundamentally, human-technology interactions, 2) understanding HBI will improve total system performance, and 3) the interrelationships among human-building subsystems and the potential for interventions to effect the dynamics of the system are not currently well understood. STS was developed in the 1940's as a result of work system design changes with coal mining in the United Kingdom. STS consists of four subsystems and provides a theoretical framework to approach the joint optimization of complex social and technical problems. In the context of this work, multidisciplinary approaches were leveraged from human factors engineering and building construction to explore relationships among the four STS subsystems. An exploratory case study transformed the work from theoretical construct toward an applied STS model. Data are gathered from each STS subsystem using a mixed-methods research design. Methods include Systematic Review (SR), a descriptive case study of zero energy housing, and the Macroergonomics Analysis and Design (MEAD) of three builder-developers. This work contributes to bridging the bodies of knowledge between human factors engineering and the AEC industry. An output of this work is a framework and work system recommendations to produce human-centered, adaptive buildings.
This work specifically examined the system inputs and outputs of multifamily housing in the United States. The findings are supportive of existing scientific society, government, and industry standards and goals. Relevant standards and goals include the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) Macroergonomics and Environmental Design Technical Groups, International Energy Agency's Energy in Buildings ANNEX 79 Occupant Behavior-Centric Building Design and Operation, the U.S. Department of Energy's Building America Research to Market Plan and zero energy building goals of the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).Doctor of Philosophy
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Afzalan, Milad. "Data-driven customer energy behavior characterization for distributed energy management." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99210.
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With the ever-growing concerns of environmental and climate concerns for energy consumption in our society, it is crucial to develop novel solutions that improve the efficient utilization of distributed energy resources for energy efficiency and demand response (DR). As such, there is a need to develop targeted energy programs, which not only meet the requirement of energy goals for a community but also take the energy use patterns of individual households into account. To this end, a sound understanding of the energy behavior of customers at the neighborhood level is needed, which requires operational analytics on the wealth of energy data from customers and devices.
In this dissertation, we focus on data-driven solutions for customer energy behavior characterization with applications to distributed energy management and flexibility provision. To do so, the following problems were studied: (1) how different customers can be segmented for DR events based on their energy-saving potential and balancing peak and off-peak demand, (2) what are the opportunities for extracting Time-of-Use of specific loads for automated DR applications from the whole-house energy data without in-situ training, and (3) how flexibility in customer demand adoption of renewable and distributed resources (e.g., solar panels, battery, and smart loads) can improve the demand-supply problem.
In the first study, a segmentation methodology form historical energy data of households is proposed to estimate the energy-saving potential for DR programs at a community level. The proposed approach characterizes certain attributes in time-series data such as frequency, consistency, and peak time usage. The empirical evaluation of real energy data of 400 households shows the successful ranking of different subsets of consumers according to their peak energy reduction potential for the DR event. Specifically, it was shown that the proposed approach could successfully identify the 20-30% of customers who could achieve 50-70% total possible demand reduction for DR. Furthermore, the rebound effect problem (creating undesired peak demand after a DR event) was studied, and it was shown that the proposed approach has the potential of identifying a subset of consumers (~5%-40% with specific loads like AC and electric vehicle) who contribute to balance the peak and off-peak demand. A projection on Austin, TX showed 16MWh reduction during a 2-h event can be achieved by a justified selection of 20% of residential customers.
In the second study, the feasibility of inferring time-of-use (ToU) operation of flexible loads for DR applications was investigated. Unlike several efforts that required considerable model parameter selection or training, we sought to infer ToU from machine learning models without in-situ training. As the first part of this study, the ToU inference from low-resolution 15-minute data (smart meter data) was investigated. A framework was introduced which leveraged the smart meter data from a set of neighbor buildings (equipped with plug meters) with similar energy use behavior for training. Through identifying similar buildings in energy use behavior, the machine learning classification models (including neural network, SVM, and random forest) were employed for inference of appliance ToU in buildings by accounting for resident behavior reflected in their energy load shapes from smart meter data. Investigation on electric vehicle (EV) and dryer for 10 buildings over 20 days showed an average F-score of 83% and 71%. As the second part of this study, the ToU inference from high-resolution data (60Hz) was investigated. A self-configuring framework, based on the concept of spectral clustering, was introduced that automatically extracts the appliance signature from historical data in the environment to avoid the problem of model parameter selection. Using the framework, appliance signatures are matched with new events in the electricity signal to identify the ToU of major loads. The results on ~1500 events showed an F-score of >80% for major loads like AC, washing machine, and dishwasher.
In the third study, the problem of demand-supply balance, in the presence of varying levels of small-scale distributed resources (solar panel, battery, and smart load) was investigated. The concept of load complementarity between consumers and prosumers for load balancing among a community of ~250 households was investigated. The impact of different scenarios such as varying levels of solar penetration, battery integration level, in addition to users' flexibility for balancing the supply and demand were quantitatively measured. It was shown that (1) even with 100% adoption of solar panels, the renewable supply cannot cover the demand of the network during afternoon times (e.g., after 3 pm), (2) integrating battery for individual households could improve the self-sufficiency by more than 15% during solar generation time, and (3) without any battery, smart loads are also capable of improving the self-sufficiency as an alternative, by providing ~60% of what commercial battery systems would offer.
The contribution of this dissertation is through introducing data-driven solutions/investigations for characterizing the energy behavior of households, which could increase the flexibility of the aggregate daily energy load profiles for a community. When combined, the findings of this research can serve to the field of utility-scale energy analytics for the integration of DR and improved reshaping of network energy profiles (i.e., mitigating the peaks and valleys in daily demand profiles).Doctor of Philosophy
Buildings account for more than 70% of electricity consumption in the U.S., in which more than 40% is associated with the residential sector. During recent years, with the advancement in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the proliferation of data from consumers and devices, data-driven methods have received increasing attention for improving the energy-efficiency initiatives. With the increased adoption of renewable and distributed resources in buildings (e.g., solar panels and storage systems), an important aspect to improve the efficiency by matching the demand and supply is to add flexibility to the energy consumption patterns (e.g., trying to match the times of high energy demand from buildings and renewable generation). In this dissertation, we introduced data-driven solutions using the historical energy data of consumers with application to the flexibility provision. Specific problems include: (1) introducing a ranking score for buildings in a community to detect the candidates that can provide higher energy saving in the future events, (2) estimating the operation time of major energy-intensive appliances by analyzing the whole-house energy data using machine learning models, and (3) investigating the potential of achieving demand-supply balance in communities of buildings under the impact of different levels of solar panels, battery systems, and occupants energy consumption behavior. In the first study, a ranking score was introduced that analyzes the historical energy data from major loads such as washing machines and dishwashers in individual buildings and group the buildings based on their potential for energy saving at different times of the day. The proposed approach was investigated for real data of 400 buildings. The results for EV, washing machine, dishwasher, dryer, and AC show that the approach could successfully rank buildings by their demand reduction potential at critical times of the day. In the second study, machine learning (ML) frameworks were introduced to identify the times of the day that major energy-intensive appliances are operated. To do so, the input of the model was considered as the main circuit electricity information of the whole building either in lower-resolution data (smart meter data) or higher-resolution data (60Hz). Unlike previous studies that required considerable efforts for training the model (e.g, defining specific parameters for mathematical formulation of the appliance model), the aim was to develop data-driven approaches to learn the model either from the same building itself or from the neighbors that have appliance-level metering devices. For the lower-resolution data, the objective was that, if a few samples of buildings have already access to plug meters (i.e., appliance level data), one could estimate the operation time of major appliances through ML models by matching the energy behavior of the buildings, reflected in their smart meter information, with the ones in the neighborhood that have similar behaviors. For the higher-resolution data, an algorithm was introduced that extract the appliance signature (i.e., change in the pattern of electricity signal when an appliance is operated) to create a processed library and match the new events (i.e., times that an appliance is operated) by investigating the similarity with the ones in the processed library. The investigation on major appliances like AC, EV, dryer, and washing machine shows the >80% accuracy on standard performance metrics. In the third study, the impact of adding small-scale distributed resources to individual buildings (solar panels, battery, and users' practice in changing their energy consumption behavior) for matching the demand-supply for the communities was investigated. A community of ~250 buildings was considered to account for realistic uncertain energy behavior across households. It was shown that even when all buildings have a solar panel, during the afternoon times (after 4 pm) in which still ~30% of solar generation is possible, the community could not supply their demand. Furthermore, it was observed that including users' practice in changing their energy consumption behavior and battery could improve the utilization of solar energy around >10%-15%. The results can serve as a guideline for utilities and decision-makers to understand the impact of such different scenarios on improving the utilization of solar adoption. These series of studies in this dissertation contribute to the body of literature by introducing data-driven solutions/investigations for characterizing the energy behavior of households, which could increase the flexibility in energy consumption patterns.
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Cao, Hetian. "Designing for Interaction and Insight: Experimental Techniques For Visualizing Building Energy Consumption Data." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/theses/130.
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While more efficient use of energy is increasingly vital to the development of the modern industrialized world, emerging visualization tools and approaches of telling data stories provide an opportunity for the exploration of a wide range of topics related to energy consumption and conservation (Olsen, 2017). Telling energy stories using data visualization has generated great interest among journalists, designers and scientific researchers; over time it has been proven to be effective to provide knowledge and insights (Holmes, 2007). This thesis proposes a new angle of tackling the challenge of designing visualization experience for building energy data, which aims to invite the users to think besides the established data narratives, augment the knowledge and insight of energy-related issues, and potentially trigger ecological responsible behaviors, by investigating and evaluating the efficacy of the existing interactive energy data visualization projects, and experimenting with user-centric interactive interface and unusual visual expressions though the development of a data visualization prototype.
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Kemshal-Bell, Guy Jonathon, and guykb@bigpond net au. "Interactive media - a tool to enhance human communication." RMIT University. Creative Media, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080102.100544.
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This exegesis investigates the use of interactive online media to support the development of communication and problem solving skills amongst learners in a Vocational Education and Training (VET) context. It describes the development of the Maelstrom website as a response to the identified need for a collaborative, interactive online space where learners can explore and experiment within the safe and anonymous environment provided. The user interaction within the Maelstrom and user responses to their experiences are discussed and analysed to not only inform the role of the Maelstrom within the broader context on interactive online communication and collaboration, but also to guide future research.
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Sateei, Shahin. "VR som verktyg vid kravställning för sjukhusbyggnation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för visuell information och interaktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-422759.
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This paper investigates how virtual reality (VR) can facilitate the planning of new hospital premises from an end-user perspective and whether VR can minimize the risk of costly reconstructions close after commissioning. Currently, review of hospital premises is done in 2D based blueprints and 3D models. These blueprints and models do not always provide sufficient understanding on the hospital staff’s part. VR has been developed by suppliers to counteract this problem and to function as a design review tool for the end-users. VR is mainly used in the design phase of the building process, whereas it acts as a complementary design tool during the later phases of the building process, when the end-user participation is less tangible. Due to VR not being an established tool for all parties involved in the building process, it has consequently led to difficulties for the hospital in terms of understanding the value of said technique and knowing what set of requirements that should be taken into consideration when implementing VR into the building project. The results in this paper have shown that VR is a better tool during the design process than other available review tools. This enhanced understanding is not only limited to the end-users, but the suppliers as well have shown a better understanding of what they offer to their hospital clients. The results also show that the value of VR mainly is apparent during the design phase and less evident during the later phases of the building process due to the technical limitations VR currently faces.
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Birgonul, Zeynep. "Symbiotic data platform. A receptive-responsive tool for customizing thermal comfort & optimizing energy efficiency." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669180.
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Symbiotic Data Platform is a receptive-responsive tool for ‘personalized’ thermal comfort optimization. The research focuses on; searching
new possibilities of how to upgrade BIM methodology to be interactive, the possibility of using existing BIM data during the occupation
phase of the building, and also, researching on the potential of enhancing energy efficiency & comfort optimization together by taking
benefit of BIM material data. The objective of the research is to take benefit of the massive existing data that is embedded in Building
Information Models, by exporting the information and using in other mediums as input. The research addresses both energy efficiency and
sustainable environment concerns due to augmenting the accuracy of analysis by material data and real-time information, while focusing on
personalized comfort optimization. The final product is an interface that addresses the contemporary concerns of global facts and the new
generations responsible society. The research is developed by designing and testing via Prototyping thanks to IoT technology, and
investigating the possibilities of adding BIM data to the prototypes’ algorithm.
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Koort, Hannes. "Room for More of Us? : Important Design Features for Informed Decision-Making in BIM-enabled Facility Management." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Människa-datorinteraktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447217.
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Building Information Modeling (BIM) is becoming imperative across building disciplines to improve communication and workflow from the first blueprint. Maintenance and facility management is however lagging behind in adoption and research of BIM. Utilizing research-through-design, this study explores BIM-enabled facility management and the critical practice of decision-making at the Celsius building in Uppsala. Contextual design and inquiry were applied to identify and suggest important design features that support decisions related to the task of establishing maximum room occupation. Results show that facility managers can make use of fuzzy multicriteria decision-making and expert heuristics to independently reach conclusions. Important design features were found to heavily rely on the existing building models, where context-view filtered to room capacity data in the existing BIM-system effectively supported the users’ assessment of data. The filtered, aggregated information presented in a simplified mobile format was insufficient for decision-making, suggesting that the building model was more important than initially perceived.
Books on the topic "Human-building interactions"
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Building interactive systems: Principles for human-computer interaction. Boston, MA: Course Technology, 2010.
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Riegelsberger, Jens, M. Angela Sasse, and John D. McCarthy. Trust in Mediated Interactions. Edited by Adam N. Joinson, Katelyn Y. A. McKenna, Tom Postmes, and Ulf-Dietrich Reips. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561803.013.0005.
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This article presents a brief overview of the background of trust research and its relevance. It then introduces a framework for trust in mediated interactions that draws on existing models and findings, and applies this to human trust in other humans, organizations (e.g., e-commerce vendors), and technology (e.g., websites). Beyond incorporating variables related to the trusting and the trusted actor, the framework accommodates key contextual factors. Rather than treating trustworthiness as a relatively stable attribute of the trusted actor, the framework considers how trustworthiness is influenced by these contextual factors. This framework will help researchers in aligning disparate research findings and it may be a step towards building a theory of trust in human–computer interactions. For designers, the benefit lies in helping them to fully explore the available design space of systems fostering trust in mediated interactions.
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Stewart, Frances, Gustav Ranis, and Emma Samman. The Evolution of Development Thought. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794455.003.0001.
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This chapter reviews the evolution of development thought from the Second World War to date, tracing the dynamics and interactions between the circumstances that countries faced, economic thought, and policies. It shows that on gaining independence, countries first aimed to promote economic growth, and while this was quite successful, problems emerged and the human dimension was neglected. A succession of alternatives, including the basic needs approach, was displaced by the debt crisis and stabilization in the 1980s, with very harsh consequences for poverty. The human development approach arose then, with the 1990 Human Development Report, building on basic needs and Sen’s capabilities approach. The chapter traces subsequent developments, including global agreements such as the Millennium Development Goals, and subsequently the Sustainable Development Goals, which can be seen as embodiments of the human development approach.
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Divan, Aysha, and Janice Royds. Molecular Biology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198723882.001.0001.
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Molecular biology is the story of the molecules of life, their relationships, and how these interactions are controlled. Its applications are wide and growing; the power of molecular biology can now be harnessed to treat diseases, solve crimes, map human history, and produce genetically modified organisms and crops. Starting with the building blocks established by Darwin, Wallace, and Mendel, and the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953, Molecular Biology: A Very Short Introduction considers the wide range of applications for molecular biology today, including the development of new drugs and DNA fingerprinting, and looks forward to two key areas of evolving research: personalized medicine and synthetic biology.
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Andrén, Mats. Children’s Expressive Handling of Objects in a Shared World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190210465.003.0005.
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Theories of embodied interaction and environmental coupling are now successfully struggling with the slippery notions of mind, matter, and sociality, but more empirical work is required, especially in relation to children. At the heart of the development of sociality is how the handling of objects in parent-child interaction may stand out as having expressive (gestural) qualities over and above their instrumental aspects. What sort of expressive qualities may be found in such actions, and what provides for them? In short, how do they come to mean? Using longitudinal recordings of five Swedish children between 18 and 30 months, the empirical part of this paper identifies microecologies of expression that have their basis in how human bodies handle objects. This accompanies an approach to intersubjectivity—building on the work of Schutz, Mead and Merlau-Ponty—that views it as emergent from embodied interaction.
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Amos, Martyn, ed. Cellular Computing. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155396.001.0001.
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The completion of the first draft of the human genome has led to an explosion of interest in genetics and molecular biology. The view of the genome as a network of interacting computational components is well-established, but researchers are now trying to reverse the analogy, by using living organisms to construct logic circuits. The potential applications for such technologies is huge, ranging from bio-sensors, through industrial applications to drug delivery and diagnostics. This book would be the first to deal with the implementation of this technology, describing several working experimental demonstrations using cells as components of logic circuits, building toward computers incorporating biological components in their functioning.
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Zbikowski, Lawrence M. Foundations of Musical Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190653637.001.0001.
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This volume makes a unique contribution to music theory by building on recent research in cognitive science and theoretical perspectives adopted from cognitive linguistics to present an account of the foundations of musical grammar. Musical grammar is conceived of as a species of construction grammar, in which grammatical elements are form-function pairs. In the case of music, basic constructions are sonic analogs for dynamic processes that are central to human cultures. This volume focuses on three such processes: those related to emotions, to gestures, and to dance. The first chapter introduces the volume and explains how this approach connects with previous work in music theory. The second chapter reviews research on analogy and shows how it provides a basis for analogical reference, which is fundamental to musical grammar. The third chapter describes the connection between music and the emotions facilitated by analogical reference. The fourth chapter explores connections between human gesture and musical utterances, and shows how both rely on the infrastructure for human communication that is also exploited by language. The fifth chapter demonstrates how music provides sonic analogs for the steps of social dances, and how music combined with dance has been used to structure social interactions. The sixth chapter focuses on the combination of language and music that occurs in songs, making clear how the different grammatical resources offered by music and language shape how meaning is constructed in songs. Detailed musical analyses are offered in each chapter, as well as summaries of the basic elements of musical grammar.
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Isendahl, Christian, and Daryl Stump, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Historical Ecology and Applied Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199672691.001.0001.
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This volume presents theoretical discussions, methodological outlines, and case-studies describing the discursive overlap of the theoretical and methodological framework of historical ecology, and the emerging sub-discipline of applied archaeology. Historical ecology is based on the recognition that humans are not only capable of modifying their environments, but that all environments on earth have already been directly or indirectly modified. This includes anthropogenic climate change, widespread deforestations, and species extinctions, but also very local alterations, the effects of which may last a few years, or may have legacies lasting centuries or more. The volume presents a range of case-studies that highlight how modern environments and landscapes have been shaped by humans, and includes outlines of the methods we can use to better understand these changes. Authors include anthropologists, archaeologists, human geographers, and historians, all of whom are focussed not just on defining human impacts in the past, but on the ways that understanding these changes can help inform contemporary practices and development policies. Some present examples of how ancient or current societies have modified their environments in sustainable ways, while others highlight practices that had unintended long-term consequences. The possibility of learning from these practices are discussed, as is the potential of using the long history of human resource exploitation as a method for building or testing models of future change. Rather than merely acting as advocates for historical data, the chapters collected here also warn of the limitations of drawing simple lessons from the history of interactions between humans and their environments, and note that doing so is potentially just as damaging as ignoring these rich sources of data.
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Steffen (Lead Author), Will. Australia's Biodiversity and Climate Change. CSIRO Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098190.
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Australia's unique biodiversity is under threat from a rapidly changing climate. The effects of climate change are already discernible at all levels of biodiversity – genes, species, communities and ecosystems. Many of Australia's most valued and iconic natural areas – the Great Barrier Reef, south-western Australia, the Kakadu wetlands and the Australian Alps – are among the most vulnerable. But much more is at stake than saving iconic species or ecosystems. Australia's biodiversity is fundamental to the country's national identity, economy and quality of life.
In the face of uncertainty about specific climate scenarios, ecological and management principles provide a sound basis for maximising opportunities for species to adapt, communities to reorganise and ecosystems to transform while maintaining basic functions critical to human society. This innovative approach to biodiversity conservation under a changing climate leads to new challenges for management, policy development and institutional design. This book explores these challenges, building on a detailed analysis of the interactions between a changing climate and Australia's rich but threatened biodiversity.
Australia's Biodiversity and Climate Change is an important reference for policy makers, researchers, educators, students, journalists, environmental and conservation NGOs, NRM managers, and private landholders with an interest in biodiversity conservation in a rapidly changing world.
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Stone Sweet, Alec, and Jud Mathews. Proportionality Balancing and Constitutional Governance. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841395.001.0001.
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This book focuses on the law and politics of rights protection in democracies, and in human rights regimes in Europe, the Americas, and Africa. After introducing the basic features of modern constitutions, with their emphasis on rights and judicial review, the authors present a theory of proportionality that explains why constitutional judges embraced it. Proportionality analysis is a highly intrusive mode of judicial supervision: it permits state officials to limit rights, but only when necessary to achieve a sufficiently important public interest. Since the 1950s, virtually every powerful domestic and international court has adopted proportionality as the central method for protecting rights. In doing so, judges positioned themselves to review all important legislative and administrative decisions, and to invalidate them as unconstitutional when they fail the proportionality test. The result has been a massive—and global—transformation of law and politics. The book explicates the concepts of “trusteeship,” the “system of constitutional justice,” the “effectiveness” of rights adjudication, and the “zone of proportionality.” A wide range of case studies analyze: how proportionality has spread, and variation in how it is deployed; the extent to which the U.S. Supreme Court has evolved and resisted similar doctrines; the role of proportionality in building ongoing “constitutional dialogues” with the other branches of government; and the importance of the principle to the courts of regional human rights regimes. While there is variance in the intensity of proportionality-based dialogues, such interactions are today at the heart of governance in the modern constitutional state and beyond.
Book chapters on the topic "Human-building interactions"
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Kalay, Yehuda E., Haripriya Sathyanarayanan, Davide Schaumann, Albert Wang, Gang Chen, and Ramdas G. Pai. "VLC-Enabled Human-Aware Building Management System." In Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions, 207–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50344-4_16.
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Iwase, Koya, Kota Gushima, and Tatsuo Nakajima. "Supporting Human Relationship-Building in a Daily Life Community." In Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions, 368–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21935-2_28.
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Johansson, Martin, Gabriel Skantze, and Joakim Gustafson. "Head Pose Patterns in Multiparty Human-Robot Team-Building Interactions." In Social Robotics, 351–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02675-6_35.
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Heydarian, Arsalan, Evangelos Pantazis, David Gerber, and Burcin Becerik-Gerber. "Use of Immersive Virtual Environments to Understand Human-Building Interactions and Improve Building Design." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 180–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21380-4_32.
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Damrongrat, Chaianun, and Mitsuru Ikeda. "Ontology Based Simulation Framework: Studying of Human Behavior Changes Impacted by Accessibility of Information under Building Fire Emergency." In Distributed, Ambient, and Pervasive Interactions, 253–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07788-8_24.
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Brenes, Edwin, Jorge Chavarría, Diego Murillo, Lucía Sanahuja, Sheng Wang, Adrián Lara, Gustavo López, Luis Quesada, and Jose Antonio Brenes. "User - Smart Building Interactions: An Analysis of Privacy and Productivity Human Factors." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing & Ambient Intelligence (UCAmI 2022), 815–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21333-5_80.
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Savic, Selena. "Measuring Scarcity or Balancing Abundance: Some Reflections on Human-Building Interaction Paradigms from an Architectural Perspective." In Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions: Understanding Humans, 264–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91125-0_23.
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Clodic, Aurelie, and Rachid Alami. "What Is It to Implement a Human-Robot Joint Action?" In Robotics, AI, and Humanity, 229–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54173-6_19.
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AbstractJoint action in the sphere of human–human interrelations may be a model for human–robot interactions. Human–human interrelations are only possible when several prerequisites are met, inter alia: (1) that each agent has a representation within itself of its distinction from the other so that their respective tasks can be coordinated; (2) each agent attends to the same object, is aware of that fact, and the two sets of “attentions” are causally connected; and (3) each agent understands the other’s action as intentional. The authors explain how human–robot interaction can benefit from the same threefold pattern. In this context, two key problems emerge. First, how can a robot be programed to recognize its distinction from a human subject in the same space, to detect when a human agent is attending to something, to produce signals which exhibit their internal state and make decisions about the goal-directedness of the other’s actions such that the appropriate predictions can be made? Second, what must humans learn about robots so they are able to interact reliably with them in view of a shared goal? This dual process is here examined by reference to the laboratory case of a human and a robot who team up in building a stack with four blocks.
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Becerik-Gerber, Burcin. "Human-Building Interaction (HBI)." In Encyclopedia of Systems and Control, 1–5. London: Springer London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5102-9_100091-1.
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Becerik-Gerber, Burcin. "Human-Building Interaction (HBI)." In Encyclopedia of Systems and Control, 913–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44184-5_100091.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Human-building interactions"
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Preziuso, Danielle, Gregory Kaminski, and Philip Odonkor. "Understanding the Energy Behavior of Building Occupants Through the Chronology of Their Energy Interactions." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69953.
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Abstract The energy consumption of buildings has traditionally been driven by the consumption habits of building occupants. However, with the proliferation of smart building technologies and appliances, automated machine decisions are beginning to impart their influence on building energy behavior as well. This is giving rise to a disconnect between occupant energy behavior and the overall energy consumption of buildings. Consequently, researchers can no longer leverage building energy consumption as a proxy for understanding human energy behavior. This paper addresses this problem by exploiting the habitual and sequential nature of human energy consumption. By studying the chronology of human energy actions, the results of this work present a promising new approach for non-intrusively learning about human energy behavior directly from building energy demand data.
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Zhu, Runhe, Burcin Becerik-Gerber, Gale Lucas, Erroll Southers, and David V. Pynadath. "Information Requirements for Virtual Environments to Study Human-Building Interactions during Active Shooter Incidents." In ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering 2019. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482445.024.
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Jabbar, Rateb, Esmat Zaidan, Ahmed ben Said, and Ali Ghofrani. "Transition to Sustainable Smart Energy: An analysis of human- building interactions in Qatar Using Machine Learning Techniques." In 57th ISOCARP World Planning Congress. ISOCARP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/dlpsdrmx.
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Zinke-Wehlmann, Christian, Julia Friedrich, Vanita Römer, Kristin Gilbert, Ulrike Pietrzyk, and Anne Steputat Rätze. "Interaction as a concept for Social Service Engineering." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002582.
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Purpose: Human factors play a central part in the design and management of services and service systems. This paper asks the conceptual question of the role of human factors in service science, speaking about the dimensions of human interactions in service design. Design/methodology/approach: Our research is deeply embedded in the approach of design science research (DSR). In contrast to the DSR which focuses primarily on designing and evaluating practical solutions, this work concentrates on theory building during DSR cycles. Hence, it systematically develops practical solution experiences and theoretical conceptualizations accordingly. Findings: While current research in service science focuses on service systems with service as the central element, the present paper evaluates the importance of interaction as the basis for the co-creation of value and, thus, linking service system and work system. It introduces the concept of interaction as a phenomenon that describes the in-actu situation in which actors co-create value by exchanging service – especially in human-human interaction. Work and service design as well as service engineering means to design all conditions for a successful interaction – avoiding value destruction (e.g., stress and unhealthy work conditions) as well as promoting co-creation of value (e.g., wellbeing, satisfaction as well as monetary value).
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Attaianese, Erminia. "Human Factors in Design of Sustainable Buildings." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001330.
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Ergonomic approach is aimed at optimizing human interactions with systems, in order to make human activities more efficient, safe, comfortable and satisfying. Built environment influences people’s everyday life because all human activities are executed in a built space. In this framework, architectural design can be enhanced by the consideration of human factors perspective, because it gives the cultural and practical references to envisage how technical solutions can fit the environmental needs derived from people’s life and work activities they perform. Since the main objectives of sustainable design are to reduce, or completely avoid, depletion of critical natural resources and raw materials; prevent environmental degradation caused by facilities and infrastructure throughout their life cycle; create built environments that are livable, comfortable, safe, and productive, a broader consideration of the role of human factor has to be taken into account to enhance design process of sustainable buildings. Several studies evidence that to reach sustainable goals of buildings, particularly referred to energy and resources use and optimization, unexpected disadvantages for final users may occur. The paper shows recurring human side effects of building solutions and elements mainly adopted to address green strategy and technologies, in order to support building design to create working and living spaces actually fitting, in the same time, sustainable performance of buildings and needs of inhabitants.
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Taylor, Ellen, Anjali Joseph, Xiaobo Quan, and Upali Nanda. "Designing a Tool to Support Patient Safety: Using Research to Inform a Proactive Approach to Healthcare Facility Design." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001343.
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Healthcare architecture has become an increasingly specialized field, marked by a complex interaction between people, operations and the physical environment and an ever changing landscape of regulation and reimbursement. Patient safety is often considered in a behavioral context – what can someone do differently to improve outcomes? However, as a complex system of interactions, patient safety is better advanced through a systems-thinking lens of Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE). Attaianese and Duca commented on the use of HFE principles in design, stating that, “when the system is the built environment, the systemic approach requires that designers move from an attention exclusively reserved for building functions towards the set of actions that users actually perform and that building has to support.” This paper reports the development of a proactive Safety Risk Assessment (SRA) tool which will contribute to the 2014 Facility Guidelines Institute (FGI) Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Hospitals and Outpatient Facilities. Six hazard areas have been considered as underlying conditions to injury or harm in the design of healthcare environments: 1) Hospital Associated Infections, 2) Falls/Immobility, 3) Medication Safety, 4) Patient Handling, 5) Security, and 6) Behavioral Health/Psychiatric Injury. These categories have been developed using iterative cycles of Delphi and nominal group methods to achieve consensus of categories and question sets for inclusion in the SRA.
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Viros-i-Martin, Antoni, and Daniel Selva. "A Framework to Study Human-AI Collaborative Design Space Exploration." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-67619.
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Abstract This paper presents a framework to describe and explain human-machine collaborative design focusing on Design Space Exploration (DSE), which is a popular method used in the early design of complex systems with roots in the well-known design as exploration paradigm. The human designer and a cognitive design assistant are both modeled as intelligent agents, with an internal state (e.g., motivation, cognitive workload), a knowledge state (separated in domain, design process, and problem specific knowledge), an estimated state of the world (i.e., status of the design task) and of the other agent, a hierarchy of goals (short-term and long-term, design and learning goals) and a set of long-term attributes (e.g., Kirton’s Adaption-Innovation inventory style, risk aversion). The framework emphasizes the relation between design goals and learning goals in DSE, as previously highlighted in the literature (e.g., Concept-Knowledge theory, LinD model) and builds upon the theory of common ground from human-computer interaction (e.g., shared goals, plans, attention) as a building block to develop successful assistants and interactions. Recent studies in human-AI collaborative DSE are reviewed from the lens of the proposed framework, and some new research questions are identified. This framework can help advance the theory of human-AI collaborative design by helping design researchers build promising hypotheses, and design studies to test these hypotheses that consider most relevant factors.
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Blanchi, Yann, Corinne Touati, and Elizabeth Mortamais. "Adaptive architecture, an implementation with game theory. Emotional input and pneumatically driven actuator." In International Conference on the 4th Game Set and Match (GSM4Q-2019). Qatar University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/gsm4q.2019.0034.
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In the active context of adaptive architecture, this proposal tackles the field of Human Building Interaction. Indeed, material would no longer be inert but activated by the users, programmable and equipped with memory. The information chain penetrating each component of the house forms a field of globalities. On the one hand, in line with the under development of smart materials, giving intelligence to previously passive materials, we consider the pneumatically driven actuator material as soft robot and programmable and on the other hand, we implement swarm communications with means of innovative IT elements. Since the elements of the smart material are interdependent, we consider a novel approach of modeling their interactions, using tools from the vast field of game theory. The digital information travels gradually through the physical material. In a technical point of view, first, we expect that a pneumatic cells network could be considered as a Human Building Interaction. HBI could operate using both remote and haptic information, one constituted by emotional records, the other reacting to the physical contact. We focus on the emotional implementation and the haptic inputs, within a pneumatic cells network actuator. We considered both, inhabitant emotion and kinesthetic communication as inputs and we implemented pneumatically driven actuators. The pneumatic cells network is used as a soft changing interface, a dynamic architecture that links the building with the inhabitants, an architectural apparatus that supports an active process in a changing way. A program that can be described as a multi-player game addresses the pneumatic cells network.
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Wray, Robert, James Kirk, and Jeremiah Folsom-Kovarik. "Improving Common Ground in Human-Machine Teaming: Dimensions, Gaps, and Priorities." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001463.
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“Common ground” is the knowledge, facts, beliefs, etc. that are shared between participants in some joint activity. Much of human conversation concerns “grounding,” or ensuring that some assertion is actually shared between participants. Even for highly trained tasks, such teammates executing a military mission, each participant devotes attention to contributing new assertions, making adjustments based on the statements of others, offering potential repairs to resolve potential discrepancies in the common ground and so forth.In conversational interactions between humans and machines (or “agents”), this activity to build and to maintain a common ground is typically one-sided and fixed. It is one-sided because the human must do almost all the work of creating substantive common ground in the interaction. It is fixed because the agent does not adapt its understanding to what the human knows, prefers, and expects. Instead, the human must adapt to the agent. These limitations create burdensome cognitive demand, result in frustration and distrust in automation, and make the notion of an agent “teammate” seem an ambition far from reachable in today’s state-of-art. We are seeking to enable agents to more fully partner in building and maintaining common ground as well as to enable them to adapt their understanding of a joint activity. While “common ground” is often called out as a gap in human-machine teaming, there is not an extant, detailed analysis of the components of common ground and a mapping of these components to specific classes of functions (what specific agent capabilities is required to achieve common ground?) and deficits (what kinds of errors may arise when the functions are insufficient for a particular component of the common ground?). In this paper, we provide such an analysis, focusing on the requirements for human-machine teaming in a military context where interactions are task-oriented and generally well-trained.Drawing on the literature of human communication, we identify the components of information included in common ground. We identify three main axes: the temporal dimension of common ground and personal and communal common ground. The analysis further subdivides these distinctions, differentiating between aspects of the common ground such as personal history between participants, norms and expectations based on those norms, and the extent to which actions taken by participants in a human-machine interaction context are “public” events or not. Within each dimension, we also provide examples of specific issues that may arise due to problems due to lack of common ground related to a specific dimension. The analysis thus defines, at a more granular level than existing analyses, how specific categories of deficits in shared knowledge or processing differences manifests in misalignment in shared understanding. The paper both identifies specific challenges and prioritizes them according to acuteness of need. In other words, not all of the gaps require immediate attention to improve human-machine interaction. Further, the solution to specific issues may sometimes depend on solutions to other issues. As a consequence, this analysis facilitates greater understanding of how to attack issues in misalignment in both the nearer- and longer-terms.
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Amer, Saed, Dana Alhashmi, Ravindra Goonetilleke, and Ahmad Mayyas. "Instrumenting the Human into Safety 4.0." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002148.
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Managing the workers’ health and safety faces many challenges due to the dependency on human interactions especially when it comes to human monitoring and detecting nonconformance. Conventionally, the input to HSE making decisions is collected from the worker himself or by an HSE officer making it mostly biased and hard to communicate. The team proposes a constant and continuous approach to objectively monitor the workers using machine vision capabilities along with smart decision-making tools to detect, recognize and classify human behaviors. The input of the system is coherent and effective while the output is unbiased, quantifiable, and communicable, the needed ingredients to integrate the human worker into Industry 4.0. The scope of this work focuses on the worker’s health and safety setting another building block in the Safety 4.0 vision. The proposed system consists of multiple integrated components including continuous video streaming devices, Machine vision components, computer logic for decision making, communication schemes, and locally implemented effectors. The system was tested on a simulated environment using a human factors simulation platform then was validated with actual environments with workers acting with HSE nonconformance while performing different tasks. The results show the system’s ability to recognize the human posture, speed, and throughput then compare it to the HSE guidelines. The results also show that the system was able to provide fast responses by giving warnings, reporting an incident to the management, or shutting the process down if an injury is recognized. Finally, the system generates data and reports that are ready to be transmitted onto the Internet of Things.
Reports on the topic "Human-building interactions"
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Akasha, Heba, Omid Ghaffarpasand, and Francis Pope. Climate Change and Air Pollution. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.071.
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This rapid literature review explores the interactions between climate change and air pollution, with a focus on human health impacts. In particular, the report explores potential synergies in tackling climate change and air pollution together. The impacts and implications of the transition from a carbon-intensive economy upon air quality and consequently human health are examined. Discussing climate change without air pollution can lead to risks. For example, strategies that focus on electrification and transition to renewable energy achieve maximum health and air quality benefits compared to strategies that focus mainly on combustible renewable fuels (biofuel and biomass) with some electrification. Addressing climate change necessitates a shift towards a new low carbon era. This involves stringent and innovative changes in behaviour, technology, and policy. There are distinct benefits of considering climate change and air pollution together. Many of the processes that cause climate change also cause air pollution, and hence reductions in these processes will generate cleaner air and less global warming. Politically, the consideration of the two issues in tandem can be beneficial because of the time-inconsistency problems of climate change. Air pollution improvements can offer politicians victories, on a useful timescale, to help in their aims of reversing climate change. By coupling air pollution and air pollution agendas together, it will increase the media and political attention both environmental causes receive. Policies should involve the integration of climate change, air quality, and health benefits to create win-win situations. The success of the strategies requires financial and technical capacity building, commitment, transparency, and multidisciplinary collaboration, including governance stakeholders at multiple levels, in both a top-down and bottom-up manner.