Journal articles: 'Human brain- Neuroimaging'

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Posner, M. I., and M. E. Raichle. "The neuroimaging of human brain function." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95, no. 3 (February 3, 1998): 763–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.3.763.

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Ho, Tiffany C., Stephan J. Sanders, Ian H. Gotlib, and Fumiko Hoeft. "Intergenerational Neuroimaging of Human Brain Circuitry." Trends in Neurosciences 39, no. 10 (October 2016): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2016.08.003.

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Hooker, Jacob M., and Richard E. Carson. "Human Positron Emission Tomography Neuroimaging." Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 21, no. 1 (June 4, 2019): 551–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121056.

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Neuroimaging with positron emission tomography (PET) is the most powerful tool for understanding pharmacology, neurochemistry, and pathology in the living human brain. This technology combines high-resolution scanners to measure radioactivity throughout the human body with specific, targeted radioactive molecules, which allow measurements of a myriad of biological processes in vivo . While PET brain imaging has been active for almost 40 years, the pace of development for neuroimaging tools, known as radiotracers, and for quantitative analytical techniques has increased dramatically over the past decade. Accordingly, the fundamental questions that can be addressed with PET have expanded in basic neurobiology, psychiatry, neurology, and related therapeutic development. In this review, we introduce the field of human PET neuroimaging, some of its conceptual underpinnings, and motivating questions. We highlight some of the more recent advances in radiotracer development, quantitative modeling, and applications of PET to the study of the human brain.

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Swain, James E. "The human parental brain: In vivo neuroimaging." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 35, no. 5 (July 2011): 1242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.10.017.

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Dhond, Rupali P., Norman Kettner, and Vitaly Napadow. "Neuroimaging Acupuncture Effects in the Human Brain." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 13, no. 6 (August 2007): 603–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm.2007.7040.

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Fletcher, P. C. "Frontal lobes and human memory: Insights from functional neuroimaging." Brain 124, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 849–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/124.5.849.

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Johns, Emily, and Irene Tracey. "Neuroimaging of Visceral Pain." Reviews in Pain 3, no. 2 (October 2009): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/204946370900300202.

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• Functional neuroimaging allows conscious reporting by human subjects to be related to changes in brain activation during painful stimulation. • Brain regions thought to be involved in the perception of pain include the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, the prefrontal cortex, the insula and the thalamus. • There are major similarities in how visceral pain and somatic pain are processed by the brain. • No single brain region has been found to be responsible for visceral pain. • Patients with IBS often activate the same brain regions as healthy controls in response to pain, but with differing intensities. • Functional neuroimaging studies have failed to reach a consensus opinion on how the brain processes pain in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

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O’Connor, Erin E., Edith V. Sullivan, Linda Chang, Dima A. Hammoud, Tony W. Wilson, Ann B. Ragin, Christina S. Meade, Jennifer Coughlin, and Beau M. Ances. "Imaging of Brain Structural and Functional Effects in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus." Journal of Infectious Diseases 227, Supplement_1 (March 15, 2023): S16—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac387.

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Abstract Before the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was often accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections and HIV encephalopathy marked by profound structural and functional alterations detectable with neuroimaging. Treatment with antiretroviral therapy nearly eliminated CNS opportunistic infections, while neuropsychiatric impairment and peripheral nerve and organ damage have persisted among virally suppressed people with HIV (PWH), suggesting ongoing brain injury. Neuroimaging research must use methods sensitive for detecting subtle HIV-associated brain structural and functional abnormalities, while allowing for adjustments for potential confounders, such as age, sex, substance use, hepatitis C coinfection, cardiovascular risk, and others. Here, we review existing and emerging neuroimaging tools that demonstrated promise in detecting markers of HIV-associated brain pathology and explore strategies to study the impact of potential confounding factors on these brain measures. We emphasize neuroimaging approaches that may be used in parallel to gather complementary information, allowing efficient detection and interpretation of altered brain structure and function associated with suboptimal clinical outcomes among virally suppressed PWH. We examine the advantages of each imaging modality and systematic approaches in study design and analysis. We also consider advantages of combining experimental and statistical control techniques to improve sensitivity and specificity of biotype identification and explore the costs and benefits of aggregating data from multiple studies to achieve larger sample sizes, enabling use of emerging methods for combining and analyzing large, multifaceted data sets. Many of the topics addressed in this article were discussed at the National Institute of Mental Health meeting “Biotypes of CNS Complications in People Living with HIV,” held in October 2021, and are part of ongoing research initiatives to define the role of neuroimaging in emerging alternative approaches to identifying biotypes of CNS complications in PWH. An outcome of these considerations may be the development of a common neuroimaging protocol available for researchers to use in future studies examining neurological changes in the brains of PWH.

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Bethlehem, R. A. I., J. Seidlitz, S. R. White, J. W. Vogel, K. M. Anderson, C. Adamson, S. Adler, et al. "Brain charts for the human lifespan." Nature 604, no. 7906 (April 6, 2022): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04554-y.

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AbstractOver the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data (http://www.brainchart.io/). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes.

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Roberts, Blaine R., Dominic J. Hare, Catriona A. McLean, Alison Conquest, Monica Lind, Qiao-Xin Li, Ashley I. Bush, Colin L. Masters, Maria-Christina Morganti-Kossmann, and Tony Frugier. "Traumatic brain injury induces elevation of Co in the human brain." Metallomics 7, no. 1 (2015): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4mt00258j.

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Following acute brain injury (<3 hours post-event), cobalt levels in the brain are significantly elevated. This elevation may have important implications for positron emission tomography neuroimaging for assessing brain injury severity.

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Rilling, James K. "Comparative primate neuroimaging: insights into human brain evolution." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 18, no. 1 (January 2014): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.09.013.

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Risberg, Jarl. "Neuroimaging: Clinical Applications." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 4, no. 6 (November 1998): 689–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617798236162.

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Imaging of the structure and function of the human brain has grown to an area with increasing impact on neuropsychological research as well as on the routine clinical evaluation of brain damaged patients. The scientific and popular literature is now flooded by increasingly more spectacular pictures of the brain. The images no longer only illustrate what is well known from earlier research but they do also sometimes provide information of importance for the further development of neuropsychological theories. The two volumes edited by Erin D. Bigler, Neuroimaging I and II, offer a possibility for neuropsychologists and other interested readers to get acquainted with the more recent developments in measurement technology and applications in basic science (Volume I) as well as in the clinic (Volume II). The authors of the 24 chapters are generally outstanding researchers, with impressive expertise within their fields of specialization.

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Chén, Oliver Y. "The Roles of Statistics in Human Neuroscience." Brain Sciences 9, no. 8 (August 8, 2019): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9080194.

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Statistics plays three important roles in brain studies. They are (1) the study of differences between brains in distinctive populations; (2) the study of the variability in the structure and functioning of the brain; and (3) the study of data reduction on large-scale brain data. I discuss these concepts using examples from past and ongoing research in brain connectivity, brain information flow, information extraction from large-scale neuroimaging data, and neural predictive modeling. Having dispensed with the past, I attempt to present a few areas where statistical science facilitates brain decoding and to write prospectively, in the light of present knowledge and in the quest for artificial intelligence, about questions that statistical and neurobiological communities could work closely together to address in the future.

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Critchley, Hugo D., Christopher J. Mathias, Oliver Josephs, John O’Doherty, Sergio Zanini, Bonnie‐Kate Dewar, Lisa Cipolotti, Tim Shallice, and Raymond J. Dolan. "Human cingulate cortex and autonomic control: converging neuroimaging and clinical evidence." Brain 126, no. 10 (October 2003): 2139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awg216.

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Kimberley, Teresa Jacobson, and Scott M. Lewis. "Understanding Neuroimaging." Physical Therapy 87, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 670–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20060149.

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Neuroimaging is an emergent method of investigation for studying the human brain in healthy and impaired populations. An increasing number of these investigations involve topics important to rehabilitation. Thus, a basic understanding of the more commonly used neuroimaging techniques is important for understanding and interpreting this growing area of research. Included in this article is a description of the signal source, the advantages and limitations of each technique, considerations for study design, and how to interpret cortical imaging data. Particular emphasis is placed on functional magnetic resonance imaging because of its ubiquitous presence in rehabilitation research.

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Phan, K. Luan, Tor D. Wager, Stephan F. Taylor, and Israel Liberzon. "Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Human Emotions." CNS Spectrums 9, no. 4 (April 2004): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900009196.

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ABSTRACTNeuroimaging studies with positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging have begun to describe the functional neuroanatomy of human emotion. Taken separately, specific studies vary in task dimensions and in type(s) of emotion studied, and are limited by statistical power and sensitivity. By examining findings across studies in a meta-analysis, we sought to determine if common or segregated patterns of activations exist in different emotions and across various emotional tasks. We surveyed over 55 positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging activation studies, which investigated emotion in healthy subjects. This paper will review observations in several regions of interest in limbic (eg, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex) and paralimbic (eg, medial prefrontal cortex, insula) brain regions in emotional responding.

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Klink, P. Christiaan, Jean-François Aubry, Vincent P. Ferrera, Andrew S. Fox, Sean Froudist-Walsh, Béchir Jarraya, Elisa E. Konofagou, et al. "Combining brain perturbation and neuroimaging in non-human primates." NeuroImage 235 (July 2021): 118017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118017.

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Kelly, A. M. Clare, and Hugh Garavan. "Human Functional Neuroimaging of Brain Changes Associated with Practice." Cerebral Cortex 15, no. 8 (December 22, 2004): 1089–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhi005.

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Sacher, Julia, Jane Neumann, Hadas Okon-Singer, Sarah Gotowiec, and Arno Villringer. "Sexual dimorphism in the human brain: evidence from neuroimaging." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 31, no. 3 (April 2013): 366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2012.06.007.

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Reardon, P. K., Jakob Seidlitz, Simon Vandekar, Siyuan Liu, Raihaan Patel, Min Tae M. Park, Aaron Alexander-Bloch, et al. "Normative brain size variation and brain shape diversity in humans." Science 360, no. 6394 (May 31, 2018): 1222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aar2578.

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Brain size variation over primate evolution and human development is associated with shifts in the proportions of different brain regions. Individual brain size can vary almost twofold among typically developing humans, but the consequences of this for brain organization remain poorly understood. Using in vivo neuroimaging data from more than 3000 individuals, we find that larger human brains show greater areal expansion in distributed frontoparietal cortical networks and related subcortical regions than in limbic, sensory, and motor systems. This areal redistribution recapitulates cortical remodeling across evolution, manifests by early childhood in humans, and is linked to multiple markers of heightened metabolic cost and neuronal connectivity. Thus, human brain shape is systematically coupled to naturally occurring variations in brain size through a scaling map that integrates spatiotemporally diverse aspects of neurobiology.

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Fedorenko, Evelina, Josh H. McDermott, Sam Norman-Haignere, and Nancy Kanwisher. "Sensitivity to musical structure in the human brain." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 12 (December 15, 2012): 3289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00209.2012.

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Evidence from brain-damaged patients suggests that regions in the temporal lobes, distinct from those engaged in lower-level auditory analysis, process the pitch and rhythmic structure in music. In contrast, neuroimaging studies targeting the representation of music structure have primarily implicated regions in the inferior frontal cortices. Combining individual-subject fMRI analyses with a scrambling method that manipulated musical structure, we provide evidence of brain regions sensitive to musical structure bilaterally in the temporal lobes, thus reconciling the neuroimaging and patient findings. We further show that these regions are sensitive to the scrambling of both pitch and rhythmic structure but are insensitive to high-level linguistic structure. Our results suggest the existence of brain regions with representations of musical structure that are distinct from high-level linguistic representations and lower-level acoustic representations. These regions provide targets for future research investigating possible neural specialization for music or its associated mental processes.

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Su, Qian, Yingchao Song, Rui Zhao, and Meng Liang. "A review on the ongoing quest for a pain signature in the human brain." Brain Science Advances 5, no. 4 (December 2019): 274–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26599/bsa.2019.9050024.

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Developing an objective biomarker for pain assessment is crucial for understanding neural coding mechanisms of pain in the human brain as well as for effective treatment of pain disorders. Neuroimaging techniques have been proven to be powerful tools in the ongoing quest for a pain signature in the human brain. Although there is still a long way to go before achieving a truly successful pain signature based on neuroimaging techniques, important progresses have been made through great efforts in the last two decades by the Pain Society. Here, we focus on neural responses to transient painful stimuli in healthy people, and review the relevant studies on the identification of a neuroimaging signature for pain.

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Pyatin, V., O. Maslova, N. Romanchuk, A. Volobuev, S. Bulgakova, D. Romanov, and I. Sirotko. "Neuroimaging: Structural, Functional, Pharmacological, Bioelementology and Nutritionology." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 145–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/71/18.

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The central goal of cognitive neuroscience is to decode the activity of the human brain, that is, to extract mental processes from the observed patterns of activation of the entire brain. Neuroimaging or brain imaging is the use of various methods to directly or indirectly depict the structure, function, pharmacology, bioelementology, and nutritionology of the nervous system. The functional brain imaging category is used to diagnose metabolic disorders at the earliest stages of disease development. Further structural-functional and cognitive development of the brain will require quantitative and qualitative provision of new tools of bioelementology and brain nutritionology. In the studies by N. P. Romanchuk, it is shown that for new neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, to manage human neuroplasticity and biological age, for modern neurophysiology and neurorehabilitation of cognitive disorders and cognitive disorders, sufficient functional and energy nutrition of the brain is needed using modern neurotechnologies of nuclear medicine. Combined EEG/PET and PET/fMRI methods and hybrid PET/CT/MRI technologies are a combination of functional and structural neuroimaging. The main advantage of PET — molecular imaging in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, is to help clinicians (neurologists, psychiatrists, or geriatricians) determine an etiological diagnosis in the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases, especially when clinical diagnosis using standard tools is uncertain. Therefore, the search for early diagnostic markers, especially relatively inexpensive and non-traumatic ones, as well as the search for new therapeutic targets for preventive dementia therapy, is an extremely urgent scientific task. Systemic neurocognitive and neuroeconomic decision-making is becoming one of the greatest quality life problems of Homo sapiens in the 21st century. Research continues on human decision neuroprocesses at neurocognitive, neurosocial and neuroeconomic levels. Qualified mind creates and improves the cognitive potential of the brain. Neuroimaging for neuroeconomics and decision-making — the Secret of cognitive brain neuroscience H. sapiens of the 21st century — using neurobiological, neurophysiological and neurosocial technologies (methods, tools) to influence economic decision-making.

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Frodl, T. "Neuroimaging and neurogenesis of depression." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73754-3.

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IntroductionUntil only a few years ago, the adult brain was considered to be an organ with a fixed structure, unable to remodel or repair itself. Today, neuroscientists and neurobiologists use the term “neuroplasticity” to indicate an ability of some nervous system regions to change their structure, eventually altering their overall functionality.AimThe presentation reviews the implication for the conceptualization of and investigation of depression arising from neuroplastic change and neurogenesis in the brain.ResultsAnimal experimental and human studies have shown the effects of stress and depression to affect brain structure and function, e.g. of the hippocampus. Exercise, learning and antidepressant treatment was shown to have beneficial neuroplastic effects.DiscussionLong-term interventions should also target the molecular mechanisms linked with neuroplastic adaptive dysfunctions in the brain. Possibilities how psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy could achieve this aim will be discussed.

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Tsujimura, Keita, Tadashi Shiohama, and Emi Takahashi. "microRNA Biology on Brain Development and Neuroimaging Approach." Brain Sciences 12, no. 10 (October 9, 2022): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101366.

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Proper brain development requires the precise coordination and orchestration of various molecular and cellular processes and dysregulation of these processes can lead to neurological diseases. In the past decades, post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression has been shown to contribute to various aspects of brain development and function in the central nervous system. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNAs, are emerging as crucial players in post-transcriptional gene regulation in a variety of tissues, such as the nervous system. In recent years, miRNAs have been implicated in multiple aspects of brain development, including neurogenesis, migration, axon and dendrite formation, and synaptogenesis. Moreover, altered expression and dysregulation of miRNAs have been linked to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging technology to obtain high-quality, detailed structural and functional information from the brains of human and animal models in a non-invasive manner. Because the spatial expression patterns of miRNAs in the brain, unlike those of DNA and RNA, remain largely unknown, a whole-brain imaging approach using MRI may be useful in revealing biological and pathological information about the brain affected by miRNAs. In this review, we highlight recent advancements in the research of miRNA-mediated modulation of neuronal processes that are important for brain development and their involvement in disease pathogenesis. Also, we overview each MRI technique, and its technological considerations, and discuss the applications of MRI techniques in miRNA research. This review aims to link miRNA biological study with MRI analytical technology and deepen our understanding of how miRNAs impact brain development and pathology of neurological diseases.

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Edison, Rizki Edmi. "APPLICATION OF NEUROIMAGING TECHNOLOGY IN MILITARY." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v7i3.1288.

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<p>Understanding the function of the human brain at the level of cognition is a common goal of neuroscience. Neuroscience as one of the fastest-growing areas of multidiscipline that understand the biological basis for behavior through scientific research could be used in many areas, such as management, marketing, leadership, education, and military. For revealing the human mind especially soldiers as the most important part of the military, the implementation of technology to measure the brain of humans must be considered. Through this manuscript, potential uses of neuroimaging technology in the military were analyzed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) recommendation was conducted to provide a comprehensive review of the application of neuroimaging technologies. For practical purposes, technology with advantages such as non-invasive, real-time, and mobile should be chosen. Through this study, electroencephalography (EEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and brain ECVT (Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography) have potential use to measure the cognitive functions of soldiers in the military. Neuroimaging technologies have potential use in the military field, especially in the level of behavioral neuroscience. By understanding how a soldier’s brain reacts to any circumstances especially those that mimic the combat situation, it has a beneficial effect on military strategy.</p>

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Zhou, Shuo, Wenwen Li, Christopher Cox, and Haiping Lu. "Side Information Dependence as a Regularizer for Analyzing Human Brain Conditions across Cognitive Experiments." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 04 (April 3, 2020): 6957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.6179.

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The increasing of public neuroimaging datasets opens a door to analyzing homogeneous human brain conditions across datasets by transfer learning (TL). However, neuroimaging data are high-dimensional, noisy, and with small sample sizes. It is challenging to learn a robust model for data across different cognitive experiments and subjects. A recent TL approach minimizes domain dependence to learn common cross-domain features, via the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC). Inspired by this approach and the multi-source TL theory, we propose a Side Information Dependence Regularization (SIDeR) learning framework for TL in brain condition decoding. Specifically, SIDeR simultaneously minimizes the empirical risk and the statistical dependence on the domain side information, to reduce the theoretical generalization error bound. We construct 17 brain decoding TL tasks using public neuroimaging data for evaluation. Comprehensive experiments validate the superiority of SIDeR over ten competing methods, particularly an average improvement of 15.6% on the TL tasks with multi-source experiments.

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Hansson, Kristofer, and Ellen Suneson. "Vulnerable Normality: Popular Neuroimaging and the Discursive Logic of the (Dis)able(d) Brain." Culture Unbound 10, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.181049.

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The aim of this article is to analyse popular neuroimaging of (dis)able(d) brains as a cultural phenomenon, as well as to explore how there has been, during the last decades, a subtle but important change in the way “normal” brains are depicted in popular science. Popular neuroimaging is introduced and used as an empirical basis to analyse what Fiona Kumari Campbell sees as a critique against ableism. The empirical material consists of two British popular science documentaries (both produced by the BBC) on the topic of the brain: Human Brain (1983), and Brain Story (2004). The article argues that the position of normality and able-bodiedness has changed as the development of brain scanning techniques has emerged. In particular, there seems to have been a change in how the brain is visualized and talked about. New frameworks for understanding normality, disability and vulnerability have appeared. Furthermore, we claim that this shift needs to be studied from a theoretical perspective that analyses the discursive logic of the (dis)able(d) brain where an indistinctness transpires and creates a form of vulnerable normality.

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Liu, Zhaowen, Edmund T. Rolls, Zhi Liu, Kai Zhang, Ming Yang, Jingnan Du, Weikang Gong, et al. "Brain annotation toolbox: exploring the functional and genetic associations of neuroimaging results." Bioinformatics 35, no. 19 (March 11, 2019): 3771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz128.

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Abstract Motivation Advances in neuroimaging and sequencing techniques provide an unprecedented opportunity to map the function of brain regions and identify the roots of psychiatric diseases. However, the results from most neuroimaging studies, i.e. activated clusters/regions or functional connectivities between brain regions, frequently cannot be conveniently and systematically interpreted, rendering the biological meaning unclear. Results We describe a brain annotation toolbox that generates functional and genetic annotations for neuroimaging results. The voxel-level functional description from the Neurosynth database and gene expression profile from the Allen Human Brain Atlas are used to generate functional/genetic information for region-level neuroimaging results. The validity of the approach is demonstrated by showing that the functional and genetic annotations for specific brain regions are consistent with each other; and further the region by region functional similarity network and genetic similarity network are highly correlated for major brain atlases. One application of brain annotation toolbox is to help provide functional/genetic annotations for newly discovered regions with unknown functions, e.g. the 97 new regions identified in the Human Connectome Project. Importantly, this toolbox can help understand differences between psychiatric patients and controls, and this is demonstrated using schizophrenia and autism data, for which the functional and genetic annotations for the neuroimaging changes in patients are consistent with each other and help interpret the results. Availability and implementation BAT is implemented as a free and open-source MATLAB toolbox and is publicly available at http://123.56.224.61:1313/post/bat. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Frøkjær, Jens Brøndum, Søren Schou Olesen, Carina Graversen, Trine Andresen, Dina Lelic, and Asbjørn Mohr Drewes. "Neuroimaging of the human visceral pain system–A methodological review." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2011.02.006.

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AbstractDuring the last decades there has been a tremendous development of non-invasive methods for assessment of brain activity following visceral pain. Improved methods for neurophysiological and brain imaging techniques have vastly increased our understanding of the central processing of gastrointestinal sensation and pain in both healthy volunteers as well as in patients suffering from gastrointestinal disorders. The techniques used are functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalography (EEG)/evoked brain potentials (EPs), magnetoencephalography (MEG), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and the multimodal combinations of these techniques. The use of these techniques has brought new insight into the complex brain processes underlying pain perception, including a number of subcortical and cortical regions, and paved new ways in our understanding of acute and chronic pain. The pathways are dynamic with a delicate balance between facilitatory and inhibitory pain mechanisms, and with modulation of the response to internal or external stressors with a high degree of plasticity. Hence, the ultimate goal in imaging of pain is to follow the stimulus response throughout the neuraxis.Brain activity measured by fMRI is based on subtracting regional changes in blood oxygenation during a resting condition from the signal during a stimulus condition, and has high spatial resolution but low temporal resolution. SPECT and PET are nuclear imaging techniques where radiolabeled molecules are injected with visualization of the distribution, density and activity of receptors in the brain allowing not only assessment of brain activity but also study of receptor sites. EEG is based on assessment of electrical activity in the brain, and recordings of the resting EEG and evoked potentials following an external stimulus are used to study normal visceral pain processing, alterations of pain processing in different patient groups and the effect of pharmacological intervention. EEG has high temporal resolution, but relative poor spatial resolution, which however to some extent can be overcome by applying inverse modelling algorithms and signal decomposition procedures. MEG is based on recording the magnetic fields produced by electrical currents in the brain, has high spatial resolution and is especially suitable for the study cortical activation.The treatment of chronic abdominal pain is often ineffective and dissapointing, which leads to search for optimized treatment achieved on the basis of a better understanding of underlying pain mechanisms. Application of the recent improvements in neuroimaging on the visceral pain system may likely in near future contribute substantially to our understanding of the functional and structural pathophysiology underlying chronic visceral pain disorders, and pave the road for optimized individual and mechanism based treatments.The purpose of this review is to give a state-of-the-art overview of these methods, with focus on EEG, and especially the advantages and limitations of the single methods in clinical gastrointestinal pain esearch including examples from relevant studies.

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Schmithorst, Vincent J. "Functional connectivity in the brain and human intelligence." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 2 (April 2007): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0700129x.

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AbstractA parieto-frontal integration theory (P-FIT) model of human intelligence has been proposed based on a review of neuroimaging literature and lesion studies. The P-FIT model provides an important basis for future research. Future studies involving connectivity analyses and an integrative approach of imaging modalities using the P-FIT model should provide vastly increased understanding of the biological bases of intelligence.

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Osaka, M., N. Osaka, S. Koyama, and R. Kakigi. "Neuroimaging Analysis of Visual Motion." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970290.

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The evoked magnetic field (magnetoencephalogram: MEG) was measured in human subjects observing random-dot motion. 600 random dots generated with VSG2/3 (Cambridge Research Systems) moved at about 10 deg s−1 (either in the 45° or the 135° direction). The motion frame (5 s) was followed by a stationary frame on a screen (projected from Barcodata 3100 projection system) subtending a visual angle of about 20 deg × 20 deg. Six subjects observed the motion frame presented in the left visual field. The magnetic evoked field (80 averagings) was measured from 37 points over occipital, temporal, and parietal areas (Magnes SQUID biomagnetometer, BTi) of the right brain hemisphere. Dipole estimates based on equal magnetic field contours (190 ms after motion frame onset with value of goodness of fit greater than 0.95) and MRI image fitting (sagittal, coronal, and axial view) for each subject suggest that the main loci subserving motion perception lie in the surrounding region over occipital, temporal, and parietal junction areas in the human brain close to area MT.

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Kullmann, S., M. Heni, A. Fritsche, and H. Preissl. "Insulin Action in the Human Brain: Evidence from Neuroimaging Studies." Journal of Neuroendocrinology 27, no. 6 (May 26, 2015): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jne.12254.

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De Pennington, N., A. Cattrell, N. Ray, N. W. Jenkinson, T. Z. Aziz, and M. L. Kringelbach. "Neuroimaging of sensory and affective experience in the human brain." CoDesign 3, sup1 (January 2007): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15710880701339131.

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Vasung, Lana, Esra Abaci Turk, Silvina L. Ferradal, Jason Sutin, Jeffrey N. Stout, Banu Ahtam, Pei-Yi Lin, and P. Ellen Grant. "Exploring early human brain development with structural and physiological neuroimaging." NeuroImage 187 (February 2019): 226–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.041.

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Gogtay, Nitin. "ADVANCES IN NEUROIMAGING ALLOW PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF HUMAN BRAIN DEVELOPMENT." Schizophrenia Research 117, no. 2-3 (April 2010): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.02.133.

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Brown, Timothy T., Steven E. Petersen, and Bradley L. Schlaggar. "Functional Neuroimaging Approaches to the Study of Human Brain Development." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 13, no. 2 (June 2003): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld13.2.3.

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Rooney, William D., Xin Li, Manoj K. Sammi, Dennis N. Bourdette, Edward A. Neuwelt, and Charles S. Springer. "Mapping human brain capillary water lifetime: high‐resolution metabolic neuroimaging." NMR in Biomedicine 28, no. 6 (April 27, 2015): 607–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.3294.

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Okamoto, Hidehiko. "Manipulation of Auditory Inputs as Rehabilitation Therapy for Maladaptive Auditory Cortical Reorganization." Neural Plasticity 2018 (May 20, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2546250.

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Neurophysiological and neuroimaging data suggest that the brains of not only children but also adults are reorganized based on sensory inputs and behaviors. Plastic changes in the brain are generally beneficial; however, maladaptive cortical reorganization in the auditory cortex may lead to hearing disorders such as tinnitus and hyperacusis. Recent studies attempted to noninvasively visualize pathological neural activity in the living human brain and reverse maladaptive cortical reorganization by the suitable manipulation of auditory inputs in order to alleviate detrimental auditory symptoms. The effects of the manipulation of auditory inputs on maladaptively reorganized brain were reviewed herein. The findings obtained indicate that rehabilitation therapy based on the manipulation of auditory inputs is an effective and safe approach for hearing disorders. The appropriate manipulation of sensory inputs guided by the visualization of pathological brain activities using recent neuroimaging techniques may contribute to the establishment of new clinical applications for affected individuals.

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Santos, Guilherme Henrique de Morais, Lucas Silva Rodrigues, Juliana Mendes Rocha, Giordano Novak Rossi, Genís Ona, José Carlos Bouso, Jaime Eduardo Cecilio Hallak, and Rafael Guimarães dos Santos. "Neural Network Modulation of Ayahuasca: A Systematic Review of Human Studies." Psychoactives 2, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives2010006.

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Background: Ayahuasca is a serotoninergic hallucinogen that plays a central role in the Amazonian traditional medicine. Its psychoactive effects are associated with the presence of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-A). Advances in neuroimaging investigations have provided insight into ayahuasca’s neurobiological mechanisms of action. Methods: Selecting only studies with neuroimaging results related to human ayahuasca consumption, we included six articles from a previous systematic review of serotoninergic hallucinogen neuroimaging studies up to 2016. Furthermore, we updated the data with a new systematic search from 2016 to 2022. We searched the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases using the search terms “(ayahuasca OR DMT) AND (MRI OR fMRI OR PET OR SPECT OR imaging OR neuroimaging)”. Results: Our updated search provided five new articles for a total of 11 included in this review. The results on the Default Mode Network (DMN) are evident and may indicate a path to short term neuromodulation. Acutely, local neural networks appeared to become expanded, while overall brain connectivity declined. On chronic consumers, anatomical changes were reported, most notably related to cingulate cortex. Conclusion: Ayahuasca seems to change acute brain connectivity similarly to other psychedelics. The results are preliminary and further studies are warranted.

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Dizaji, Aslan, Bruno Hebling Vieira, Mohmmad Reza Khodaei, Mahnaz Ashrafi, Elahe Parham, Gholam Ali Hossein-Zadeh, Carlos Ernesto Garrido Salmon, and Hamid Soltanian Zadeh. "Linking Brain Biology to Intellectual Endowment: A Review on the Associations of Human Intelligence With Neuroimaging Data." Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/bcn.12.1.574.1.

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Human intelligence has always been a fascinating subject for scientists. Since the inception of Spearman’s general intelligence in the early 1900s, there has been significant progress towards characterizing different aspects of intelligence and its relationship with structural and functional features of the brain. In recent years, the invention of sophisticated brain imaging devices using Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has allowed researchers to test hypotheses about neural correlates of intelligence in humans.This review summarizes recent findings on the associations of human intelligence with neuroimaging data. To this end, first, we review the literature that has related brain morphometry to intelligence. Next, we elaborate on the applications of DWI and resting-state fMRI on the investigation of intelligence. Then, we provide a survey of literature that has used multimodal DWI-fMRI to shed light on intelligence. Finally, we discuss the state-of-the-art of individualized prediction of intelligence from neuroimaging data and point out future strategies. Future studies hold promising outcomes for machine learning-based predictive frameworks using neuroimaging features to estimate human intelligence.

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Senthilkumar, N., and R. Thangarajan. "FUNCTIONAL BRAIN CORRELATES OF RISK FOR MAJOR DEPRESSION IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 4, no. 11 (February 5, 2020): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v4.i11.2017.120.

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The brain is arguably the most important organ in the human body. It controls and coordinates actions and reactions, allows us to think and feel, and enables us to have memories and feelings. Three brain structures namely the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex help the brain determine what is stressful and how to respond. Depression in teenagers is a very serious medical problem that leads to long-lasting feelings of sadness along with a loss of interest in once enjoyed activities. Neuroimaging is the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure and function of the nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are two in types, viz., structural and functional imaging. Functional neuroimaging has greatly helped in understanding the cognitive functions of the brain and its impact on mental health and human behaviour. This paper describes the different types of neuroimaging techniques and its needed software configurations with statistical parametric mapping. This paper also elaborates the basic operations and MATLAB activities and it compare the at-risk and control group depression imaging fMRI analysis techniques with its snapshots.

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Amunts, Katrin, Hartmut Mohlberg, Sebastian Bludau, and Karl Zilles. "Julich-Brain: A 3D probabilistic atlas of the human brain’s cytoarchitecture." Science 369, no. 6506 (July 30, 2020): 988–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb4588.

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Cytoarchitecture is a basic principle of microstructural brain parcellation. We introduce Julich-Brain, a three-dimensional atlas containing cytoarchitectonic maps of cortical areas and subcortical nuclei. The atlas is probabilistic, which enables it to account for variations between individual brains. Building such an atlas was highly data- and labor-intensive and required the development of nested, interdependent workflows for detecting borders between brain areas, data processing, provenance tracking, and flexible execution of processing chains to handle large amounts of data at different spatial scales. Full cortical coverage was achieved by the inclusion of gap maps to complement cortical maps. The atlas is dynamic and will be adapted as mapping progresses; it is openly available to support neuroimaging studies as well as modeling and simulation; and it is interoperable, enabling connection to other atlases and resources.

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Ghaleb, Abdul-Malik Othman Esmail. "Brain and Language Specialty: Insights from Aphasiology and Neuroimaging." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 7, no. 12 (December 3, 2017): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0712.04.

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Scientific interest in the investigation of language and its neural correlates has always centered on the possibility of pinpointing the location of language in the brain with the assumption that specific areas of the brain could be dedicated to specific language components and processes. A central question in current neurolinguistic and psycholinguistic research that has been thoroughly discussed over the last few decades is whether certain linguistic abilities result from dedicated brain areas each specialized for specific kinds of linguistic representations and processes or whether these abilities are more accurately described in terms of interactions among different linguistic levels distributed across multiple brain regions. An outlook on language derived from current research suggests that language specialty as a distinctly human cognitive faculty lies in being supported by distributed neural structures that interact efficiently with so many domain-general abilities, functions, and information sources rather than in being located in a dedicated set of cognitive neural structures. This paper is a reflection of the insights into language in the brain based on findings obtained from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies that support this perspective. The paper goes on plead that with current developments in linguistic theory, as a model of human knowledge of language, and some powerful methodological advances in cognitive neuroscience may lead to a new and more precise image of the functional organization of language in the brain.

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Sharp, Tamsin H., Nancy S. McBride, Amy E. Howell, C. John Evans, Derek K. Jones, Gavin Perry, Stavros I. Dimitriadis, et al. "Population neuroimaging: generation of a comprehensive data resource within the ALSPAC pregnancy and birth cohort." Wellcome Open Research 5 (August 28, 2020): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16060.1.

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Neuroimaging offers a valuable insight into human brain development by allowing in vivo assessment of structure, connectivity and function. Multimodal neuroimaging data have been obtained as part of three sub-studies within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a prospective multigenerational pregnancy and birth cohort based in the United Kingdom. Brain imaging data were acquired when offspring were between 18 and 24 years of age, and included acquisition of structural, functional and magnetization transfer magnetic resonance, diffusion tensor, and magnetoencephalography imaging. This resource provides a unique opportunity to combine neuroimaging data with extensive phenotypic and genotypic measures from participants, their mothers, and fathers.

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Rueda, Charo. "Neuroeducation: Teaching with the brain." Journal of Neuroeducation 1, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/joned.v1i1.31657.

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Schooling is an essential and distinctive feature of human beings. Advances in neuroimaging have helped to understand the peculiarities of the human brain and how they relate to our interest on sharing knowledge. The human brain is an organ that evolved to enable the cognitive skills that allow social learning. In turn, education and experience have a major impact on the development of the human brain. The emerging field of Neuroeducation aims at including information about the brain processes related to cognitive skills involved in learning to the efforts of the education community to optimize the transmission and assimilation of knowledge.

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Thierry, Guillaume, and Cathy J. Price. "Dissociating Verbal and Nonverbal Conceptual Processing in the Human Brain." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 6 (June 2006): 1018–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.6.1018.

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Functional neuroimaging has highlighted a left-hemisphere conceptual system shared by verbal and nonverbal processing despite neuropsychological evidence that the ability to recognize verbal and nonverbal stimuli can doubly dissociate in patients with left- and right-hemisphere lesions, respectively. Previous attempts to control for perceptual differences between verbal and nonverbal stimuli in functional neuroimaging studies may have hidden differences arising at the conceptual level. Here we used a different approach and controlled for perceptual confounds by looking for amodal verbal and nonverbal conceptual activations that are common to both the visual and auditory modalities. In addition to the left-hemisphere conceptual system activated by all meaningful stimuli, we observed the left/right double dissociation in verbal and nonverbal conceptual processing, predicted by neuropsychological studies. Left middle and superior temporal regions were selectively more involved in comprehending words—heard or read—and the right midfusiform and right posterior middle temporal cortex were selectively more involved in making sense of environmental sounds and images. Thus, the neuroanatomical basis of a verbal/nonverbal conceptual processing dissociation is established.

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Xu, Qiang, Lining Guo, Jingliang Cheng, Meiyun Wang, Zuojun Geng, Wenzhen Zhu, Bing Zhang, et al. "CHIMGEN: a Chinese imaging genetics cohort to enhance cross-ethnic and cross-geographic brain research." Molecular Psychiatry 25, no. 3 (December 11, 2019): 517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0627-6.

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AbstractThe Chinese Imaging Genetics (CHIMGEN) study establishes the largest Chinese neuroimaging genetics cohort and aims to identify genetic and environmental factors and their interactions that are associated with neuroimaging and behavioral phenotypes. This study prospectively collected genomic, neuroimaging, environmental, and behavioral data from more than 7000 healthy Chinese Han participants aged 18–30 years. As a pioneer of large-sample neuroimaging genetics cohorts of non-Caucasian populations, this cohort can provide new insights into ethnic differences in genetic-neuroimaging associations by being compared with Caucasian cohorts. In addition to micro-environmental measurements, this study also collects hundreds of quantitative macro-environmental measurements from remote sensing and national survey databases based on the locations of each participant from birth to present, which will facilitate discoveries of new environmental factors associated with neuroimaging phenotypes. With lifespan environmental measurements, this study can also provide insights on the macro-environmental exposures that affect the human brain as well as their timing and mechanisms of action.

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de Win, M. M. L., G. Jager, J. Booij, L. Reneman, T. Schilt, C. Lavini, S. D. Olabarriaga, G. J. den Heeten, and W. van den Brink. "Sustained effects of ecstasy on the human brain: a prospective neuroimaging study in novel users." Brain 131, no. 11 (June 21, 2008): 2936–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn255.

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Shahhosseini, Yasaman, and Michelle F. Miranda. "Functional Connectivity Methods and Their Applications in fMRI Data." Entropy 24, no. 3 (March 11, 2022): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24030390.

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The availability of powerful non-invasive neuroimaging techniques has given rise to various studies that aim to map the human brain. These studies focus on not only finding brain activation signatures but also on understanding the overall organization of functional communication in the brain network. Based on the principle that distinct brain regions are functionally connected and continuously share information with each other, various approaches to finding these functional networks have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we present an overview of the most common methods to estimate and characterize functional connectivity in fMRI data. We illustrate these methodologies with resting-state functional MRI data from the Human Connectome Project, providing details of their implementation and insights on the interpretations of the results. We aim to guide researchers that are new to the field of neuroimaging by providing the necessary tools to estimate and characterize brain circuitry.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Human brain- Neuroimaging'

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