Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human blood assay'
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Kizilian, Narine. "Prediction of radiosensitivity by measurement of radiation-induced apoptosis in human blood using the comet assay." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0017/MQ48501.pdf.
Full textKizilian, Narine Carleton University Dissertation Physics. "Prediction of radiosensitivity by measurement of radiation-induced apoptosis in human blood using the comet assay." Ottawa, 1999.
Find full textWeir, Rosemary Edith. "Field studies of the human cell-mediated immune response to mycobacterium leprae using a whole blood assay." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264192.
Full textOsborn, Anna. "Measurements of Human Plasma Oxidation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1426.
Full textZekarias, Mikaela. "Characterization of rituximab-induced B cell depletion and infusion reactions in a human blood loop system." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414582.
Full textKravchenko, Kateryna [Verfasser]. "Development and application of standard molecules for Aβ oligomer quantification in CSF and human blood plasma in the sFIDA assay. / Kateryna Kravchenko." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122262418/34.
Full textKriel, Yusra. "The immune-modulating activity of Artemisia afra." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4025_1299669473.
Full textThis study shows that herbs can be effectively screened for potiential bio-activity using in vitro methods. Further studies will be needed to better explore Artemisia afra&rsquo
s effect on immunoregulation, particularly long term effects of the herb on the immune system and its effect on other disease states.
Rennel, Emma. "Molecular Mechanisms in Endothelial Cell Differentiation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4059.
Full textNguyen, Vu Khue. "Dosage de la creatinine par voie enzymatique : detection spectrophotometrique et detection electrochimique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13095.
Full textHoung, Yu-lun, and 洪玉倫. "Comparison and improvement of assay methods for malondialdehyde levels in human blood plasma." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24140460224293046229.
Full text國立中興大學
食品科學系
87
ABSTRACT A common method for measurement of MDA (malondialdehyde) levels in human plasma is the TBA (thiobarbituric acid) test. Both the protocols of TBA test and the MDA levels measured as TBARS in human plasma vary widely. The specificity of the TBA reaction has been strongly questioned by various laboratories. Hence, we used the plasma of 16 volunteers to study the correlation between four commonly used methods. Furthermore, we improved the procedure of TBA test and examined the adaptability of the modified procedure. In addition, we investigated the relationship of total MDA, bound MDA and free MDA in human plasma. Th four methods used were: (1) measurement of TBARS of plasma TCA-supernatant (Method A; Radiguez-Martinez and Ruiz-Torres 1992);(2) measurement of lipid peroxides (Method B; Yagi 1989);(3) measurement of total MDA (Method C; Chirico et al. 1993);(4) measurement of MDA in plasma treated with KI prior to TBA reaction (Method D; Chow and Li 1994). The results show that there were positive correlations between TBARS determined by method A and method B (r = 0.740, P<0.02) and by method C and method D (r = 0.516, P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between TBARS by method B and method D (r = 0.548, P<0.05). The results show the need of standardization of the various TBA tests. Following the TBA test protocols of each of the four methods, TBARS (or TBA-MDA adducts) were detected by spectrophotometry, flourescence and HPLC/Vis. The results show that there were significant correlations among the values obtained by the three detectors within each protocol. The TBARS obtained from the four methods with spectrophotometric detection were higher than those detected with flourescence and HPLC/Vis detection. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.889, P<0.002) between TBARS determined by method A with spectrophotometric detection and HPLC/Vis detection. Hence, method A with spectrophotometric detection could be a simple method to determine free MDA in plasma. There also was a positive correlation in lipid peroxides determined by method B between flourescence and HPLC/Vis detection (r = 0.918, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in lipid peroxides obtained from method B by flourescence detection and HPLC/Vis detection (P>0.20). Thus, most materials measured by method B should be TBA-MDA adducts rather than lipid peroxides. In order to improve the TBA test procedure, we investigated the effects of alkaline hydrolysis, types of acids, acid-heating time, BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and KI on levels of TBA-MDA adduct in human plasma. Results show that alkaline hydrolysis was a critical step for measurement of total MDA in plasma, because this treatment led to release of MDA from plasma proteins. TCA was a better protein precipitating reagent than H3PO4 since the TBA-MDA adduct of TCA-whole plasma did not increase after 30 min. BHT was used to inhibit the formation of lipid peroxidation during TBA test. The levels of TBA-MDA adduct were decreased 23% by inclusion of 0.2% BHT in plasma. The addition of 1% KI resulted in 43% decrease in the TBA-MDA adduct. Therefore, both BHT and KI were included in the modified procedure. The total MDA obtained from 16 volunteers by the modified procedure and detected by spectrophotometry, flourescence and HPLC/Vis were 1.92±1.04 μM, 1.81±0.92μM and 1.54±0.72μM, respectively. The differences among the three values were not significant (P>0.05). The data shows that TBARS obtained by the modified procedure were essentially TBA-MDA adduct. The recovery (average: 82~106%), precision (within-assay C.V%: 2~4%, between-assay C.V%: 4~8%) and sensitivity of the modified procedure was comparable to other methods detected by HPLC. In addition, the modified procedure with HPLC/Vis detection compared favorably with other indices of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, we measured total MDA, bound MDA and free MDA of plasma by the modified procedure with HPLC/Vis detection. The results show that total MDA (1.45±0.17μM) was equal to bound MDA (1.34±0.07μM) plus free MDA (0.07±0.02μM). There was no significant correlation between free MDA and bound MDA (r = 0.620, n=6, P>0.05) or between free MDA and total MDA (r = 0.587, n=6, P>0.05). By contrast, bound MDA and total MDA was highly correlated (r = 0.941, n=9, P<0.001). Thus, the results indicate that the measurement of total MDA or bound MDA is a better index of lipid peroxidation than the measurement of free MDA in plasma. In conclusion, the applicability of the modified procedure is good. However, the application of the modified procedure for assessing oxidative stress in various diseases remains to be examined. Keywords Human plasma, MDA (malondialehye), lipid peroxidation, HPLC
Afonso, Catarina Maia. "Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium: biomarkers of genotoxicity in human peripheral blood." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/88054.
Full textNajafzadeh, Mojgan, and Diana Anderson. "The use of isolated peripheral lymphocytes and human whole blood in the comet assay." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15701.
Full textThe comet assay is a sensitive method used to detect DNA damage, measuring DNA breaks and alkali labile lesions in eukaryotic cells. Here, the use of whole blood in the alkaline gel electrophoresis method is described. Two hundred and seventy blood samples from individuals were examined: 120 healthy individuals, 65 suspected or pre-cancerous individuals and 85 cancer patients. Each sample was divided into two identical volumes in different falcon tubes. The blood was prepared and stored by adding the same amount of RPMI medium and 10% DMSO. Using the Student’s t-Test, the data showed a p value = 0.59 for Olive tail moment (OTM) and 0.16 for % tail DNA, and no statistically significant differences between the two methods, with or without treatment. In conclusion, using whole blood instead of isolated lymphocytes saves time, is still very sensitive and requires less than 20 µL of blood from each individual.
Wei, Yibing. "Utility of an ex vivo human whole blood assay for bacterial killing ability qualification." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/36729.
Full textAli, Aftab H. M., Malgorzata Kurzawa-Zegota, Mojgan Najafzadeh, Rajendran C. Gopalan, M. J. Plewa, and Diana Anderson. "Effect of drinking water disinfection by-products in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and sperm." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10412.
Full textDrinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) are generated by the chemical disinfection of water and may pose hazards to public health. Two major classes of DBPs are found in finished drinking water: haloacetic acids (HAAs) and trihalomethanes (THMs). HAAs are formed following disinfection with chlorine, which reacts with iodide and bromide in the water. Previously the HAAs were shown to be cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of HAAs in human somatic and germ cells and whether oxidative stress is involved in genotoxic action. In the present study both somatic and germ cells have been examined as peripheral blood lymphocytes and sperm. The effects of three HAA compounds: iodoacetic acid (IAA), bromoacetic acid (BAA) and chloroacetic acid (CAA) were investigated. After determining appropriate concentration responses, oxygen radical involvement with the antioxidants, butylated hydroxanisole (BHA) and the enzyme catalase, were investigated in the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay under alkaline conditions, >pH 13 and the micronucleus assay. In the Comet assay, BHA and catalase were able to reduce DNA damage in each cell type compared to HAA alone. In the micronucleus assay, micronuclei (MNi) were found in peripheral lymphocytes exposed to all three HAAs and catalase and BHA were in general, able to reduce MNi induction, suggesting oxygen radicals play a role in both assays. These observations are of concern to public health since both human somatic and germ cells show similar genotoxic responses.
Shaheen, Tanzia. "Screening lead small molecules for cytokine induction in a human whole blood assay informs candidate adjuvant selection." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31282.
Full textChung, Kuo-Suan, and 鍾國炫. "Development of a chemical assay to analyze the protein adducts of estrone (E1) quinone adducts on human blood proteins." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20162795690559963355.
Full text國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
101
Both estrone-2,3-quinone (E1-2,3-Q) and estrone-3,4-quinone (E1-3,4-Q) are reactive metabolites of estrogen that are thought to be responsible for the estrogen-induced genotoxicity. The objective of this research is to develop a biochemical assay using estrone (estrone, E1) quinone adducts as biomarker of exposure to assess the cumulative body burden of estrogen-derived quinones in target organs. This method ultilizes trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) as catalysts to cleave cysteinyl adducts of estrogen-derived quinones on proteins. The cleaved adducts are recovered by organic solvent extractions and analyzed by gas chromatography-electron-impact/negative-ion-chemical-ionization-massspectrometer (GC-EI-MS/GC-NICI-MS). Time-course experiments suggested that both E1-2,3-Q-4-S-Alb and E1-3,4-Q-2-S-Alb rapidly reached maximum values at 5 min mark and remained constant thereafter. We applied this methodology to analyze the background levels of estrone quinone-derived adducts on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA). Results showed that cysteinyl adducts of E1-2,3-Q-4-S-Alb and E1-3,4-Q-2-S-Alb were detected in HSA (n=5) with mean levels at 71.5 and 265 (pmol/g), respectively. Similarily, we detected these adducts in BSA (n=5) with mean levels at 46.4 and 118 pmol/g for E1-2,3-Q-4-S-Alb and E1-3,4-Q-2-S-Alb, respectively. In human MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) pretreatment (10 nM for 72 h), production of estrogen quinone-derived protein adducts was detected in cells exposed to E1. Co-treatment of a catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor further enhanced the production of estrogen quinone-derived adducts (~3 fold). Further investigation indicated that the background levels of these adducts in human albumin (Alb) derived from female breast cancer patients (n=10) were ~2 fold greater than those of healthy controls (n=10). Overall, we concluded that the methodology developed in this study may be applied to epidemiological study to serve as biomarkers of environmental exposure to modulators of estrogen homeostasis.
Liu, Yen Fu, and 劉彥甫. "Quantitative Assay for Ethylpurine Adducts in Human White Blood Cells DNA and Human Urine by Stable Isotope Dilution Capillary LC-Nanospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26809395868158430724.
Full text國立中正大學
化學暨生物化學研究所
100
Cigarette smoke contains many alkylating agents which damage DNA producing DNA adducts, such as 3-ethyladenine (3-EtA) and 7-ethylguanine (7-EtG). To quantify ethylated adducts on DNA, I used neutral thermal hydrolysis to release 3-EtA and 7-EtG from DNA. The adducts were purified by a reversed-phase solid-phase extraction column and analyzed by stable isotope dilution capillary liquid chromatography nanospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (capLC-NSI/MS/MS) under the highly selected reaction monitoring (H-SRM) mode. The amount of ethylated DNA adducts represents the steady-state levels of DNA adducts resulting from the ethylating agent after repair in vivo. The detection limit of 3-EtA and 7-EtG was 30.7 and 55.9 amol, respectively. Levels of 3-EtA and 7-EtG are 16.0 ± 7.8 and 9.7 ± 8.3 in 108 normal nucleotides, respectively, in white blood cells (WBC) DNA of 20 smokers, which are statistically significantly higher than those in 20 nonsmokers with 5.4 ± 2.6 3-EtA and 0.3 ± 0.8 7-EtG in 108 normal nucleotides (p < 0.0001). These DNA adducts are repaired in vivo and then released in human urine. The urine samples were purified by a mixed-mode cation exchange followed by a reversed-phase solid-phase extraction column and analyzed by capLC-NSI/MS/MS under the H-SRM. The urinary concentration of 3-EtA and 7-EtG are 120.9 ± 33.5 pg/mL and 61.0 ± 8.5 pg/mL in 5 smokers. The highly sensitive and specific stable isotope dilution nanoLC-NSI/MS/MS assay should be clinically useful in assessing the possibility of measuring ethylpurines in human WBC DNA and in urine as risk biomarkers for smoking-related cancers.
Laubenthal, Julian, O. Zlobinskaya, Krzysztof Poterlowicz, Adolf Baumgartner, Michal R. Gdula, E. Fthenou, M. Keramarou, et al. "Cigarette smoke-induced transgenerational alterations in genome stability in cord blood of human F1 offspring." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6063.
Full textMagcwebeba, Tandeka. "An in vitro study on the immunotoxicity of sewage effluents discharged into the Eerste River- Kuils River water catchment system." Thesis, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9740_1259844140.
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The aim of the study was to use in vitro human whole blood cultures to screen the water samples collected from the Eerste/Plankenbrug river system for cytotoxicity and inflammatory activity and for the first time investigate the impact on the cell- mediated and humoral immune pathways. Water samples were collected fronm the sites during the dry summer season and rainy winter season. Blood was collected from the healthy male volunteers and diluted with RPMI 1640. For cytotoxicity and inflammatory activity 2.5ul of blood for 18-20 hrs at 37 C... This study shows that waster from the Plankenbrug River is heavily polluted by contaminants from both the agricultural area and informal settlement of Kayamandi. These contaminants can be potentially immunotoxic during the summer season and they can result in inflammatory diarrheal disease and immunosuppression in exposed individuals..."
Burns, C. J., E. Fantino, A. K. Powell, Steven D. Shnyder, Patricia A. Cooper, S. Nelson, C. Christophi, et al. "The microtubule depolymerizing agent CYT997 causes extensive ablation of tumor vasculature in vivo." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5902.
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