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Journal articles on the topic 'Human biomechanics'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

IVANCEVIC, TIJANA T. "JET-RICCI GEOMETRY OF TIME-DEPENDENT HUMAN BIOMECHANICS." International Journal of Biomathematics 03, no. 01 (March 2010): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179352451000088x.

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We propose the time-dependent generalization of an "ordinary" autonomous human biomechanics, in which total mechanical + biochemical energy is not conserved. We introduce a general framework for time-dependent biomechanics in terms of jet manifolds derived from the extended musculo-skeletal configuration manifold. The corresponding Riemannian geometrical evolution follows the Ricci flow diffusion. In particular, we show that the exponential-like decay of total biomechanical energy (due to exhaustion of biochemical resources) is closely related to the Ricci flow on the biomechanical configuration manifold.

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2

Yoganandan, N., and F. A. Pintar. "Biomechanics of Human Thoracic Ribs." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834288.

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Considerable advances have been made to determine the failure biomechanical properties of the human thoracic spinal column and its components. Except for a few fundamental studies, there is a paucity of such data for the costovertebral elements. The present study was designed to determine the biomechanics of the human thoracic spine ribs from a large population. Seventh and eighth ribs bilaterally were tested from 30 human cadavers using the principles of three-point bending techniques to failure. Biomechanical test parameters included the cross-sectional area (core, marrow, and total), moment of inertia, failure load, deflection, and the Young’s elastic modulus. The strength-related results indicated no specific bias with respect to anatomical level and hemisphere (right or left), although the geometry-related variables demonstrated statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the seventh and the eighth ribs. This study offers basic biomechanical information on the ultimate failure and geometric characteristics of the human thoracic spine ribs.

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3

YAMAMOTO, Sumiko. "Biomechanics of Human Movement." Rigakuryoho Kagaku 18, no. 3 (2003): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/rika.18.109.

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4

Morbeck, Mary Ellen. "Biomechanics and human evolution." Journal of Biomechanics 18, no. 3 (January 1985): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(85)90252-0.

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5

Choi, Hyung Yun. "W231004 Digital Human Body Modeling for Computational Biomechanics." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2011 (2011): _W231004–1—_W231004–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2011._w231004-1.

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6

Goh, James Cho-Hong. "Practical Applications of Human Motion Biomechanics(Plenary Lectures)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.7.

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Rajkumar, R. Vinodh. "Biomechanics Specialization in Aging Science and Research: Biomechanical Gerontology or Geronto-Biomechanics?" International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 7, no. 3 (August 26, 2022): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20220727.

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Aging process becomes a miserable phase of lifespan of various individuals. Gerontology and Geriatrics exclusively deal with researching complex human ailments pertinent to old age in order to overcome the challenges posed by several irreversible physiological changes occurring with aging. Inevitably, homeostasis declines and massive allostasis gets organized during aging to destroy the functional independence and survival potential. Controlling the rate of aging process is the only possible self-regulating strategy available to each individual to enjoy Morbidity-Attenuated Life Years (MALYs) but maintaining an optimal fitness competence to travel along the healthy aging trajectory is not effortlessly feasible regardless of the socioeconomic conditions. Fitness evaluations on different age groups enhances the understanding that the aging process might be a premature event among several individuals at an early age itself due to multifactorial reasons, and the biomechanical constraints displayed by such individuals expose the probable wide spectrum of postural and movement dysfunctions or disabilities of unhealthy older adults. Many such health-ruining erroneous postures and movements remain asymptomatic perilously, which when addressed during appropriate stage in life, could repair the impaired physical efficiency to sustain the abilities to counteract the effects of gravitational force on the body. The importance of early detection and rectification of such peculiar biomechanical dysfunctions should become an integral part of public health prophylaxis. The repertoire of biomechanical dysfunctions of premature unhealthy aging needs to be strongly merged with gerontology to strengthen the pursuits to retard unsuccessful aging and accomplish successful aging. Keywords: Biogerontology, Biomechanics, Ageing Trajectory, Compression of Morbidity, Polypharmacy, Comorbidities, Successful Aging, Unsuccessful Aging.

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8

Kroemer, Karl H. E. "Standardization in Anthropometry and Biomechanics." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 14 (September 1986): 1405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603001414.

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Describing body size (anthropometry) and physical properties of the body (biomechanics) are areas of interest both in research and in application. The human factors engineer needs anthropometric and biomechanical information primarily for designing the operator/equipment interface. Available information is piecemeal, incomplete, and often not compatible since researched and provided in various scientific disciplines. However, even the researcher is hindered by the “scatter” of data, measuring techniques, and research objectives. Hence, an effort to standardize in the areas of anthropometry and biomechanics would, if done properly, help both scientists and engineers.

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Fice, Jason B., Gunter P. Siegmund, and Jean-Sébastien Blouin. "Neck muscle biomechanics and neural control." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00512.2017.

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The mechanics, morphometry, and geometry of our joints, segments, and muscles are fundamental biomechanical properties intrinsic to human neural control. The goal of our study was to investigate whether the biomechanical actions of individual neck muscles predict their neural control. Specifically, we compared the moment direction and variability produced by electrical stimulation of a neck muscle (biomechanics) to the preferred activation direction and variability (neural control). Subjects sat upright with their head fixed to a six-axis load cell and their torso restrained. Indwelling wire electrodes were placed into the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis (SPL), and semispinalis capitis (SSC) muscles. The electrically stimulated direction was defined as the moment direction produced when a current (2–19 mA) was passed through each muscle’s electrodes. Preferred activation direction was defined as the vector sum of the spatial tuning curve built from root mean squared electromyogram when subjects produced isometric moments at 7.5% and 15% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in 26 three-dimensional directions. The spatial tuning curves at 15% MVC were well defined (unimodal, P < 0.05), and their preferred directions were 23°, 39°, and 21° different from their electrically stimulated directions for the SCM, SPL, and SSC, respectively ( P < 0.05). Intrasubject variability was smaller in electrically stimulated moment directions compared with voluntary preferred directions, and intrasubject variability decreased with increased activation levels. Our findings show that the neural control of neck muscles is not based solely on optimizing individual muscle biomechanics but, as activation increases, biomechanical constraints in part dictate the activation of synergistic neck muscles. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Biomechanics are an intrinsic part of human neural control. In this study, we found that the biomechanics of individual neck muscles cannot fully predict their neural control. Consequently, physiologically based computational neck muscle controllers cannot calculate muscle activation schemes based on the isolated biomechanics of muscles. Furthermore, by measuring biomechanics we showed that the intrasubject variability of the neural control was lower for electrical vs. voluntary activation of the neck muscles.

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10

IVANCEVIC, VLADIMIR, and SANJEEV SHARMA. "COMPLEXITY IN HUMAN AND HUMANOID BIOMECHANICS." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 05, no. 04 (December 2008): 679–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843608001571.

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We propose the following complexity conjecture: in a combined biomechanical system, where the action of Newtonian laws cannot be neglected, it is the mechanical part that determines the lower limit of complexity of the combined system, commonly defined as the number of mechanical degrees of freedom. The biological part of such a system, being "more intelligent", naturally serves as a "controller" for the "nonintelligent" mechanical "plant". Although, in some special cases, the behavior of the combined system might have a "simple" output, a realistic internal state space analysis shows that the total system complexity represents either the superposition, or a kind of "macroscopic entanglement" of the two partial complexities. Neither "mutual canceling" nor "averaging" of the mechanical degrees of freedom generally occurs in such a biomechanical system. The combined system has both dynamical and control complexities. The "realistic" computational model of such a system also has its own computational complexity. We demonstrate the validity of the above conjecture using the example of the physiologically realistic computer model. We further argue that human motion is the simplest well-defined example of a general human behavior, and discuss issues of simplicity versus predictability/controllability in complex systems. Further, we discuss self-assembly in relation to conditioned training in human/humanoid motion. It is argued that there is a significant difference in the observational resolution of human motion while one is watching "subtle" movements of a human hands playing a piano versus "coarse" movements of a human crowd at a football stadium from an orbital satellite. Techniques such as cellular automata can model the coarse crowd motion, but not the subtle hierarchical neural control of the dynamics of human hands playing a piano. Therefore, we propose the observational resolution as a new measure of biomechanical complexity. Finally, there is a possible route to apparent simplicity in biomechanics, in the form of oscillatory synchronization, both external (kinematical) and internal (control).

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Karpiński, Robert, and Łukasz Jaworski. "BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN SPINE." Journal of Technology and Exploitation in Mechanical Engineering 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jteme.531.

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The paper presents biomechanics of the human spine. The vertebrae of the spine are described, including basic differentiation between vertebrae depending on theirs placement in the spine. The intervertebral discs are depicted. Curvatures of the spine are presented, followed by the basic biomechanics, including a movability of the spine and an influence of body posture on the spine.

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Jaworski, Łukasz, and Robert Karpiński. "BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN HAND." Journal of Technology and Exploitation in Mechanical Engineering 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jteme.536.

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The paper provides basic information on human hand's anatomical structure with the location of joints and consequent types of achievable movements. The biomechanics of the human hand is described using two different kinematic models of the hand. The differences between the models are described. The Schlesinger's classification of movements of the human hand is introduced

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13

Prevost, T. P., S. Suresh, M. D. House, and S. Socrate. "Biomechanics of the human chorioamnion." Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)84359-9.

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14

Yoganandan, N., F. Pintar, J. Cusick, J. Myklebust, C. Wilson, and A. Sances. "Biomechanics of human cervical vertebrae." Journal of Biomechanics 21, no. 10 (January 1988): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(88)90024-3.

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15

Myers, Kristin M., and David Elad. "Biomechanics of the human uterus." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine 9, no. 5 (May 12, 2017): e1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1388.

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16

Plitman Mayo, R. "Advances in Human Placental Biomechanics." Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 16 (2018): 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2018.08.001.

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17

Gregor, Robert J. "Dr. Richard C. Nelson—Mentor and Visionary: Lessons Learned, Memories Forever." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 37, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 582–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2021-0294.

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Richard C. Nelson started the Biomechanics Laboratory, one of the first of its kind in the world, on the campus of the Pennsylvania State University in 1967. His vision focused on connecting the physiological and mechanical elements of human performance analysis, specifically sport performance. The lab’s engaging, interdisciplinary environment supported self-designed programs of study, benefiting each individual student. Furthermore, the Biomechanics Lab became the nexus for the development of biomechanics as a field of study internationally. Richard Nelson’s diplomatic skills spread the word initially through the formation of the International Society of Biomechanics. This international effort resulted in the development of national societies of biomechanics around the world, for example, the American Society of Biomechanics. Second, these efforts stimulated the concept of sport performance analysis on the international stage. Richard Nelson’s passion was to analyze individual performances at the Olympic Games. This goal was finally realized, with the development of the Subcommission within the International Olympic Committee Medical Commission and biomechanical analysis projects completed at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Richard Nelson’s vision, mentoring style, and dedication planted and nurtured the seed of biomechanics as a discipline of study around the world.

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18

Bertomeu-Motos, Arturo. "Biomechanics of human walking and stability descriptive parameters." Revista Doctorado UMH 2, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/doctumh.v1i1.880.

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From the time of Aristotle onward, there have been countless books written on the topic of movement in animals and humans. However, research of human motion, especially walking mechanisms, has increased over the last fifty years. The study of human body movement and its stability during locomotion involves both neuronal and mechanical aspect. The mechanical aspect, which is in the scope of this thesis, requires knowledge in the field of biomechanics. Walking is the most common maneuver of displacement for humans and it is performed by a stable dynamic motion. In this article it is introduced the bases of the human walking in biomechanical terms. Furthermore, two stability descriptive parameters during walking are also explained - Center of Pressure (CoP) and Zero-Moment Pint (ZMP).

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19

Yoganandan, N., and F. A. Pintar. "Inertial Loading of the Human Cervical Spine." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 119, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2796086.

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While the majority of experimental cervical spine biomechanics research has been conducted using slowly applied forces and/or moments, or dynamically applied forces with contact, little research has been performed to delineate the biomechanics of the human neck under inertial “noncontact” type forces. This study was designed to develop a comprehensive methodology to induce these loads. A minisled pendulum experimental setup was designed to test specimens (such as human cadaver neck) at subfailure or failure levels under different loading modalities including flexion, extension, and lateral bending. The system allows acceleration/deceleration input with varying wave form shapes. The test setup dynamically records the input and output strength information such as forces, accelerations, moments, and angular velocities; it also has the flexibility to obtain the temporal overall and local kinematic data of the cervical spine components at every vertebral level. These data will permit a complete biomechanical structural analysis. In this paper, the feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated by subjecting a human cadaver head-neck complex with intact musculature and skin under inertial flexion and extension whiplash loading at two velocities.

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20

Song, Yinyu, Lihua Fang, Ruirui Du, Luchao Lin, and Xingming Tao. "The corneal biomechanical changes after SMILE and LASIK refractive surgery were compared based on finite element analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 271 (2021): 03045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127103045.

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The three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of human eye was established, and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was loaded to simulate refractive surgery. The biomechanical properties of human cornea after SMILE and LASIK surgery were studied from the stress, strain and induced wavefront aberration. Our results showed that SMILE had less impact on the biomechanics, having less stress and strain changes than LASIK. However, the stress and strain of the cornea increased with the increase of the diopter and were concentrated in the central region. We also investigated the changes in wavefront aberrations of the cornea after surgery, and the results indicated that the defocus and vertical commotion were significantly affected by SMILE and LASIK surgery, while the remaining aberrations were approximately unchanged. In conclusion, both SMILE and LASIK sergury procedures changed the postoperative corneal biomechanics, but SMILE had less impact on the biomechanics of corneal.

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21

Davis, Kathryn Dainty. "Dr. Richard C. Nelson: Teacher, Researcher, Motivator, Leader, and Incredible Human." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 37, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2021-0299.

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As one of the early graduate students of the Penn State Biomechanics Laboratory (1970–1974), I had the pleasure of being involved in the lab developed under the direction of Dr. Richard Nelson. His vision of applying engineering principles to human movement, particularly through the vehicle of sport analysis, inspired many to commit to a career of biomechanical exploration of the many aspects of human movement. By bringing many international scholars to the lab, he exposed his students to innovative and unique approaches to research. By developing technical applications, he made biomechanical inquiry more scientific and applicable. By caring for and mentoring a new generation of scientists and providing them the direction and tools they would need to establish their own labs and careers, he helped us become teachers, researchers, consultants, and mentors for a new generation of students. His love of life inspired us all to further the groundbreaking work he had begun and continued throughout his amazing career. His contributions to the field of biomechanics through his visionary establishment of societies, journals, collegial relationships, and consulting skills have served our community well. It was an honor and a privilege to know and learn from him.

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22

KN, Chethan, Shyamasunder Bhat N, and Satish Shenoy B. "Biomechanics of hip joint: a systematic review." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (August 10, 2018): 1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.15231.

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Hip joint is the second largest joint in human after knee joint. It is associated with different types of motion which helps in the movement of human body and provide stability. Biomechanics involves the study of movement of living organism. It is important to know and understand the basics of biomechanics of hip joint to define the movement of hip joint along with its load carrying capacity in different day to day activities. Many researchers are worked to know the basics biomechanics of hip joint both in in-vitro and in- vivo conditions. In this paper, it has been reported in detail to know the different biomechanical aspects involved in the hip joint during different movement and also different biomaterials used in the hip joint prosthesis. It is majorly focused on load transmitting by hip joint by upper body to lower body in different activities such as walking, running, stumbling etc. So, these basic understanding helps to understand effectively the joint reaction forces which is acting on hip joint while designing new hip joint prosthesis.

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23

Ávila, Francisco J., Maria Concepción Marcellán, and Laura Remón. "On the Relationship between Corneal Biomechanics, Macrostructure, and Optical Properties." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 12 (December 18, 2021): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7120280.

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Optical properties of the cornea are responsible for correct vision; the ultrastructure allows optical transparency, and the biomechanical properties govern the shape, elasticity, or stiffness of the cornea, affecting ocular integrity and intraocular pressure. Therefore, the optical aberrations, corneal transparency, structure, and biomechanics play a fundamental role in the optical quality of human vision, ocular health, and refractive surgery outcomes. However, the inter-relationships of those properties are not yet reported at a macroscopic scale within the hierarchical structure of the cornea. This work explores the relationships between the biomechanics, structure, and optical properties (corneal aberrations and optical density) at a macro-structural level of the cornea through dual Placido–Scheimpflug imaging and air-puff tonometry systems in a healthy young adult population. Results showed correlation between optical transparency, corneal macrostructure, and biomechanics, whereas corneal aberrations and in particular spherical terms remained independent. A compensation mechanism for the spherical aberration is proposed through corneal shape and biomechanics.

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24

Yamaguchi, Takami. "Integrated Nano-Biomechanics of the Human Body(PLENARY LECTURE 1)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2015.8 (2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2015.8.15.

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25

Burns, Geoffrey T., Kenneth M. Kozloff, and Ronald F. Zernicke. "Biomechanics of Elite Performers: Economy and Efficiency of Movement." Kinesiology Review 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/kr.2019-0058.

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Movement is essential to the human experience, and efficient biomechanics facilitate effective action across the breadth of tasks one encounters in life. The concept of movement efficiency has been investigated and explored through a variety of means including biomechanical modeling, simulation, and experimental manipulation. Observations of elite performers for a given movement task serve as an additional line of insight into efficiency, as their movements have been driven toward optimization via competitive pressure. The authors first discuss the concept of efficiency in biomechanics from a qualitative perspective and the broad tools with which we explore it. They then highlight biomechanical investigations of elite performers and their contributions to our understanding of efficiency. Examples from various classes of movements illustrate unique insights of the elite performers in informing our understanding of movement efficiency.

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Karel, Frydrýšek, Čepica Daniel, and Halo Tomáš. "Stochastic Loading of a Sitting Human." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 69, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2019-0020.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is the biomechanical evaluation of the interaction between load forces to which a sitting man and the seat are exposed. All loads, which consider actual anthropometry histograms of human population (i.e. segmentation of human weight, height, centroids, gravity and shape of seat) are determined using the direct Monte Carlo Method. All inputs are based on the theory of probability (i.e. random/probabilistic inputs and outputs with respect their variabilities). A simple plane model (i.e. probabilistic normal forces and bending moments) shows a sufficient stochastic/probabilistic evaluation connected with biomechanics, ergonomics, medical engineering (implants, rehabilitation, traumatology, orthopaedics, surgery etc.) or industrial design.

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27

King, Oisín, Ilona Sunyovszki, and Cesare M. Terracciano. "Vascularisation of pluripotent stem cell–derived myocardium: biomechanical insights for physiological relevance in cardiac tissue engineering." Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 473, no. 7 (April 14, 2021): 1117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-021-02557-8.

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AbstractThe myocardium is a diverse environment, requiring coordination between a variety of specialised cell types. Biochemical crosstalk between cardiomyocytes (CM) and microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) is essential to maintain contractility and healthy tissue homeostasis. Yet, as myocytes beat, heterocellular communication occurs also through constantly fluctuating biomechanical stimuli, namely (1) compressive and tensile forces generated directly by the beating myocardium, and (2) pulsatile shear stress caused by intra-microvascular flow. Despite endothelial cells (EC) being highly mechanosensitive, the role of biomechanical stimuli from beating CM as a regulatory mode of myocardial-microvascular crosstalk is relatively unexplored. Given that cardiac biomechanics are dramatically altered during disease, and disruption of myocardial-microvascular communication is a known driver of pathological remodelling, understanding the biomechanical context necessary for healthy myocardial-microvascular interaction is of high importance. The current gap in understanding can largely be attributed to technical limitations associated with reproducing dynamic physiological biomechanics in multicellular in vitro platforms, coupled with limited in vitro viability of primary cardiac tissue. However, differentiation of CM from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) has provided an unlimited source of human myocytes suitable for designing in vitro models. This technology is now converging with the diverse field of tissue engineering, which utilises in vitro techniques designed to enhance physiological relevance, such as biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) as 3D scaffolds, microfluidic perfusion of vascularised networks, and complex multicellular architectures generated via 3D bioprinting. These strategies are now allowing researchers to design in vitro platforms which emulate the cell composition, architectures, and biomechanics specific to the myocardial-microvascular microenvironment. Inclusion of physiological multicellularity and biomechanics may also induce a more mature phenotype in stem cell–derived CM, further enhancing their value. This review aims to highlight the importance of biomechanical stimuli as determinants of CM-EC crosstalk in cardiac health and disease, and to explore emerging tissue engineering and hPSC technologies which can recapitulate physiological dynamics to enhance the value of in vitro cardiac experimentation.

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Wang, Hanwen, Lu Lu, Ziyang Xie Bingyi Su, and Xu Xu Edward P. "A mobile platform app to assist learning human kinematics in undergraduate biomechanics courses." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, no. 1 (September 2022): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661058.

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Biomechanics examines different physical characteristics of the human body movement by applying principles of Newtonian mechanics to physical activities. Therefore, undergraduate biomechanics courses are highly demanding in mathematics and physics. While the inclusion of laboratory experiences can augment student comprehension of biomechanics concepts, the cost and the required expertise associated with motion tracking systems can be a burden of offering laboratory sessions. In this study, we developed a mobile platform app to facilitate learning human kinematics in biomechanics courses. An optimized computer-vision model that is based on convolutional pose machine (CPM), MobileNet V2 and TensorFlow Lite frameworks is adopted to reconstruct human pose first. A real-time human kinematics analysis then allows students to conduct human motion experiments. The proposed app can serve as a potential instructional tool in biomechanics courses.

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29

Ivancevic, V. "Symplectic Rotational Geometry in Human Biomechanics." SIAM Review 46, no. 3 (January 2004): 455–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s003614450341313x.

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Masumoto, Kenji, and John A. Mercer. "Biomechanics of Human Locomotion in Water." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 36, no. 3 (July 2008): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jes.0b013e31817bfe73.

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31

Bonneau, N., O. Gagey, and C. Tardieu. "Biomechanics of the human hip joint." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 15, sup1 (September 2012): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2012.713676.

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32

Lee, Gabriel Y. H., and Chwee T. Lim. "Biomechanics approaches to studying human diseases." Trends in Biotechnology 25, no. 3 (March 2007): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.01.005.

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33

Nyashin, Yu I., E. Yu Simanovskaya, V. A. Lokhov, and V. M. Tverier. "Biomechanics of the human dentofacial system." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 165, no. 3 (February 12, 2010): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10958-010-9809-0.

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34

Yoganandan, Narayan, Frank Pintar, Dennis Maiman, and Gregory Bennet. "Biomechanics of human thoracic spine laminectomy." Journal of Biomechanics 25, no. 6 (June 1992): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(92)90215-m.

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Crandall, J. R., D. Bose, J. Forman, C. D. Untaroiu, C. Arregui-Dalmases, C. G. Shaw, and J. R. Kerrigan. "Human surrogates for injury biomechanics research." Clinical Anatomy 24, no. 3 (March 21, 2011): 362–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.21152.

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Kajee, Yaseen, J.-P. V. Pelteret, and B. D. Reddy. "The biomechanics of the human tongue." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering 29, no. 4 (January 14, 2013): 492–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.2531.

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Yoganandan, N., F. A. Pintar, S. Kumaresan, and M. Boynton. "Axial Impact Biomechanics of the Human Foot-Ankle Complex." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 119, no. 4 (November 1, 1997): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2798290.

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Recent epidemiological, clinical, and biomechanical studies have implicated axial impact to the plantar surface of the foot to be a cause of lower extremity trauma in vehicular crashes. The present study was conducted to evaluate the biomechanics of the human foot–ankle complex under axial impact. Nine tests were conducted on human cadaver below knee–foot–ankle complexes. All specimens were oriented in a consistent anatomical position on a mini-sled and the impact load was delivered using a pendulum. Specimens underwent radiography and gross dissection following the test. The pathology included intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus and/or the distal tibia complex with extensions into the anatomic joints. Impactor load cell forces consistently exceeded the tibial loads for all tests. The mean dynamic forces at the plantar surface of the foot were 7.7 kN (SD = 4.3) and 15.1 kN (SD = 2.7) for the nonfracture and fracture tests, respectively. In contrast, the mean dynamic forces at the proximal tibial end of the preparation were 5.2 kN (SD = 3.1) in the nonfracture group, and 10.2 kN (SD = 1.5) in the fracture group. The foot and tibial end forces were statistically significantly different between these two groups (p < 0.01). The present investigation provides fundamental data to the understanding of the biomechanics of human foot–ankle trauma. Quantifying the effects of other factors such as gender and bone quality on the injury thresholds is necessary to understand foot–ankle tolerance fully.

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Bartczyk, Mateusz, Andrzej Suchanowski, and Marta Woldańska-Okońska. "Relations Between Vibratory Stimulations and the Variability of Human motor Skills." Acta Balneologica 62, no. 2 (2020): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/abal202002110.

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Stimulation of vibratory stimuli is another measure in physiotherapeutic and sports training. Particularly the interest in research has significantly increased in the field of biomechanics and sports training. The basic subject of the research is the effects of stimulation with vibratory stimuli in relation to motor strength, coordination properties and mobility. The aim of the work is to discuss the parameters of stimulation and to review the biomechanical and physiological effects of using the whole body vibration on the human motor skills.

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Morriën, Floor, Matthew J. D. Taylor, and Florentina J. Hettinga. "Biomechanics in Paralympics: Implications for Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 5 (May 2017): 578–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0199.

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Purpose:To provide an overview of biomechanical studies in Paralympic research and their relevance for performance in Paralympic sports.Methods:The search terms paralympic biomechanics, paralympic sport performance, paralympic athlete performance, and paralympic athlete were entered into the electronic database PubMed.Results:Thirty-four studies were found. Biomechanical studies in Paralympics mainly contributed to performance enhancement by technical optimization (n = 32) and/or injury prevention (n = 6). In addition, biomechanics was found to be important in understanding activity limitation caused by various impairments, which is relevant for evidence-based classification in Paralympic sports (n = 6). Distinctions were made between biomechanical studies in sitting (41%), standing (38%), and swimming athletes (21%). In sitting athletes, mostly kinematics and kinetics in wheelchair propulsion were studied, mainly in athletes with spinal-cord injuries. In addition, kinetics and/or kinematics in wheelchair basketball, seated discus throwing, stationary shot-putting, hand-cycling, sit-skiing, and ice sledge hockey received attention. In standing sports, primarily kinematics of athletes with amputations performing jump sports and running and the optimization of prosthetic devices were investigated. No studies were reported on other standing sports. In swimming, mainly kick rate and resistance training were studied.Conclusions:Biomechanical research is important for performance by gaining insight into technical optimization, injury prevention, and evidence-based classification in Paralympic sports. In future studies it is advised to also include physiological and biomechanical measures, allowing the assessment of the capability of the human body, as well as the resulting movement.

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Lippa, Nadine, Jason Bonacci, Paul K. Collins, James W. Rawlins, and Trenton E. Gould. "Effect of mechanically aged minimalist and traditional footwear on female running biomechanics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118824001.

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The purpose of this study was to improve the understanding of human–material interactions by combining polymer engineering and biomechanical approaches. The forefoot and heel of traditional shoes and minimalist running shoes were degraded using a mechanical aging protocol to quantify (1) the effect of subject-specific degradation and (2) human biomechanical effects due to decreased material properties. Four recreational-level female participants ran in the shoes pre-mechanical aging to determine the aging protocol input parameters and post-mechanical aging to evaluate the effect of degradation on kinematics and kinetics. Initial biomechanics translated into different mechanical aging input parameters among conditions: 500 greater number of impact cycles for minimalist shoe, 430 N higher peak force for forefoot, 75 kPa greater peak stress for the heel, 3.1 and 13.7 kN/s greater loading rates for minimalist shoe and the heel, and recovery time 220 ms greater for the heel. From mechanical aging, the shoe types and regions lost 1.2–1.8 mm thickness and 38%–54% energy absorption overall, while drop decreased 0.6 mm for traditional shoe only. Samples degraded at different rates depending on runner-specific input parameters. Human kinematics and kinetics were affected by both shoe type and aging. Aging of the shoes decreased knee flexion velocity (1°/s; p = 0.01), decreased ankle dorsiflexion during stance (3°, p = 0.01), and increased the vertical loading rate (4 BW/s, p = 0.01). The results support previous findings that different footwear influence running biomechanics and concurrently advance footwear science to show running biomechanics are also influenced by shoe degradation rates, such that unique and intuitive human–material interactions are apparent.

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Ojaghi, Reza. "MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS OF OSTEOPHYTE FORMATION IN ELBOW OSTEOARTHRITIS: A REVIEW." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 23, no. 02 (June 2020): 2030003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957720300033.

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Managing osteophyte in elbow osteoarthritis (OA) is not an easy task. In the review of the subject hereby, the molecular biology and biomechanics of osteophyte formation will be addressed in composite detail. A number of basic and clinical science research studies that have evaluated the importance and significant role of growth factors, cytokines production, receptors expression, proteoglycans, and alarmins secretion will be included. At the same time, it is notable that the osteophyte formation has not been thoroughly evaluated with respect to its biomechanics, stress and strain pattern on the joint, and its relation to growth plate and the differences that may exist between animal and human joints. Namely, a few studies have begun to look at this particular aspect of osteophyte formation, which does not cover the issue of the graded biomechanical response to the osteophyte formation. The findings of this study can conclude that biomechanical understanding of osteophyte formation has the potential to give a better solution for medical and surgical management of osteophyte formation in different joints and particularly in elbow joint. As such, the proper management of elbow OA with its significant osteophyte formation requires a comprehensive understanding of biology and biomechanics of osteophyte formation.

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Koizumi, Takayuki, Nobutaka Tsujiuchi, and Azusa Nakai. "50081 Development and Estimation of Multi-body Child Human Model(Biomechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Multibody Dynamics 2010.5 (2010): _50081–1_—_50081–8_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeacmd.2010.5._50081-1_.

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Bayne, Helen, Yumna Albertus, Sarah Breen, Andrew Green, André Gustavo de Andrade, Mark Kramer, and Felipe P. Carpes. "Biomechanics without Borders: Teaching Biomechanics in Brazil and South Africa." Advances in Physiology Education 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00182.2020.

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The “Biomechanics without Borders: Teaching Biomechanics in Brazil and South Africa” involved academics from different countries combining efforts to improve remote education. In addition to the live discussions, the event resulted in the availability of online content to help academic staffs improve teaching strategies in the field of human movement sciences.

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Smeathers, J. E., and V. Wright. "Soft Tissue Biomechanics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 208, no. 4 (December 1994): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_288_02.

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This overview paper summarizes recent work on the biomechanics of soft tissues relevant to biomedical problems, prosthesis design and interventions, with reports on the papers presented at the Nineteenth Annual Day Conference, held in Leeds on 7 January 1994, by the Bioengineering Group for the Study of Human Joints in association with the Biological Engineering Society.

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Brahmia, Allaoua, and Ridha Kelaiaia. "Design of a Human Knee Reeducation Mechanism." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auseme-2019-0004.

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Abstract To establish an exercise in open muscular chain rehabilitation (OMC), it is necessary to choose the type of kinematic chain of the mechanical / biomechanical system that constitutes the lower limbs in interaction with the robotic device. Indeed, it’s accepted in biomechanics that a rehabilitation exercise in OMC of the lower limb is performed with a fixed hip and a free foot. Based on these findings, a kinematic structure of a new machine, named Reeduc-Knee, is proposed, and a mechanical design is carried out. The contribution of this work is not limited to the mechanical design of the Reeduc-Knee system. Indeed, to define the minimum parameterizing defining the configuration of the device relative to an absolute reference, a geometric and kinematic study is presented.

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Tarniţă, Daniela, Adrian Rosca, Ionut Geonea, and Dan Calafeteanu. "Experimental Measurements of the Human Knee Flexion Angle during Squat Exercises." Applied Mechanics and Materials 823 (January 2016): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.823.113.

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In this paper the knee joint biomechanics during squat exercises is studied. Using an acquisition system based on electro-goniometers, measurements of flexion-extension knee angle during squat movement on a sample group of healthy subjects are performed. For each subject the curves of knee squat angle are normalized and the mean squat cycle of each subject and the final medium cycle are determined. The phase plane portraits are used to characterize the kinematics of the biomechanical system. Using ADAMS software, the forces components and the resultant connection force during squat cycle in the human knee joint are determined.

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Banakh, L. Ya. "SELF-SIMILAR STRUCTURES IN BIOMECHANICS. HUMAN VIBRORECEPTORS." Bulletin of Science and Technical Development 161 (2021): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/vntr2021-161-2.

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The concept of dynamic-fractal self-similar structures (dynamic fractal) is introduced. This concept consists in scaling the dynamic, i.e. elastic-inertial parameters of the forming cells. It is shown that a dynamic fractal decreasing in length amplifies the incoming signal along the structure. A dynamic fractal that increases in length, on the contrary, has the good vibroisolation properties, the attenuation intensity in which is higher than in the periodic structure. The dynamic properties of the Pacini corpuscle, which is a human vibration detector, are investigated. Its mechanical model is constructed. It is shown that the vibroreceptor is a dynamic fractal with parameters decreasing in length. Therefore the vibroreceptor amplifies the incoming signal, which makes it possible to detect even weak vibration effects on a person

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Fukunaga, Tetsuo. "Biomechanics of muscle contraction during human movement." Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences) 42, no. 5 (1998): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.kj00003391603.

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Forrester, Steph. "Sports Biomechanics: The Basics: Optimising Human Performance." Journal of Sports Sciences 26, no. 10 (July 17, 2008): 1115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410801956999.

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YOGANANDAN, NARAYAN, ANTHONY SANCES, FRANK PINTAR, DENNIS J. MAIMAN, JOHN REINARTZ, JOSEPH F. CUSICK, and SANFORD J. LARSON. "Injury Biomechanics of the Human Cervical Column." SPINE 15, no. 10 (October 1990): 1031–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199010000-00010.

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