Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human biomechanics'
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Prévost, Thibault Philippe. "Biomechanics of the human chorioamnion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36217.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 108-115).
The human fetal membrane, namely the chorioamnion, is the structural soft tissue retaining the amniotic fluid and the fetus during pregnancy. Its biomechanical integrity is crucial for maintaining a healthy gestation and a successful delivery. The premature rupture of the fetal membrane (PROM) can result in serious perinatal complications. Despite extensive research in this field, the mechanical and biochemical processes governing the membrane deformation and failure remain poorly understood. The aim of this study is to characterize the mechanical behavior of the chorioamnionic tissue along with its biochemical properties, through mechanical testing and biochemical analyses. In order to accomplish this goal, specific mechanical and biochemical testing protocols were developed. In vitro mechanical testing was performed on samples from seven patients under different uniaxial and biaxial loading conditions. Significant relaxation was noted under uniaxial loading while very limited creep was observed under biaxial loading. Biochemical measurements such as collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycan contents were also obtained. In addition, a microstructurally based constitutive model for the fetal membrane is proposed.
(cont.) The model allows for nonlinear hyperelastic response at large deformation. We also propose a framework to capture the time-dependent response of the tissue. The model was implemented in a finite element formulation to allow three-dimensional simulations of membrane deformation.
by Thibault Philippe Prévost.
S.M.
Vaughan, Christopher Leonard (Kit). "The biomechanics of human locomotion." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3491.
Full textWalker, Lloyd T. "The biomechanics of the human foot." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1991. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21131.
Full textPeters, Abby E. "Biomechanics of the ageing human knee." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3020598/.
Full textKajee, Yaseen. "The biomechanics of the human tongue." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5525.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 137-148).
The human tongue is composed mainly of skeletal-muscle tissue, and has a complex architecture. Its anatomy is characterised by interweaving, yet distinct muscle groups. It is a significant contributor to the phenomenon of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). OSA is a pathological condition defined as the partial or complete closing of any part of the human upper airway (HUA) during sleep. OSA syndrome affects a significant portion of the population. Patients with OSA syndrome experience various respiratory problems, an increase in the risk of heart disease, a significant decrease in productivity, and an increase in motor-vehicle accidents [58]. The aim of this work is to report on a constitutive model for the human tongue, and to demonstrate its use in computational simulations for OSA. A realistic model of the constitution of the tongue and computational simulations are also important in areas such as linguistics and speech therapy [44]. The detailed anatomical features of the tongue have been captured using data from the Visible Human Project (VHP) [102]. The geometry of the tongue, and each muscle group of the tongue, are visually identified, and its geometry captured using Mimics [100]. Various image processing tools available in Mimics, such as image segmentation, region-growing and volume generation were used to form the three-dimensional model of the tongue geometry. Muscle fibre orientations were extracted from the same dataset, also using Mimics.The muscle model presented here is based on Hill’s three-element model for representation of the constituent parts of muscle fibres. This Hill-type muscle model also draws from recent work in muscle modelling, by Martins [88]. The model is implemented in an Abaqus user element (UEL) subroutine [24]. The transversely isotropic behaviour of the muscle tissue is accounted for, as well as the influence of muscle activation. The mechanics of the model is limited to static, small-strain, anisotropic, linear-elastic behaviour, and the governing equations are suitably linearized. The body position of the patient during an apneic episode is accounted for in the simulations, as well as the effect of gravity. The focus of this study is on tongue muscle behaviour under gravitational loading, simulating a simplified OSA event. Future models will incorporate airway pressure as well. The behaviour of the model is illustrated in a number of benchmark tests, and computational examples.
Peck, Christopher Charles. "Dynamic musculoskeletal biomechanics in the human jaw." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/NQ48693.pdf.
Full textNelson, Gregory J. "Three dimensional computer modeling of human mandibular biomechanics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26506.
Full textDentistry, Faculty of
Graduate
Stavness, Ian Kent. "Dynamic modeling of human jaw and laryngeal biomechanics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32685.
Full textApplied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
Shin, Thomas Jungwoog. "The mechanical properties of the human cornea." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17577.
Full textLjubimova, Darja. "Biomechanics of the Human Eye and Intraocular Pressure Measurements." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Strukturmekanik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11420.
Full textQC 20100729
Donn, Andrew W. "Biomechanics of the ligamentous structures of the human foot." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.568080.
Full textMalone, Paul. "Biomechanics of the human forearm in health and disease." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/biomechanics-of-the-humanforearm-in-health-and-disease(12bb39a6-3777-4ff0-899a-9a0baf2a8fcc).html.
Full textJoshi, Varun. "The Human Walking Controller: Derivation from Experiments and Applications to the Study of Human Structure Interaction." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1542978112280872.
Full textKilic, Osman. "Biomechanical Modeling Of Human Hand." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608906/index.pdf.
Full textLyttle, Andrew. "Hydrodynamics of the human body during the freestyle tumble turn /." Connect to this title, 1999. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0126.
Full textHuang, Qiang-Min. "Asymmetric lateral loading of the human trunk : biomechanics and motor control /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4715-5/.
Full textDuval, Karine. "Investigating the mechanical relationship between the feet and low-back." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/229.
Full textPak, Wansoo. "Development and Validation of Human Body Finite Element Models for Pedestrian Protection." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95019.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
The pedestrian is one of the most vulnerable road users. According to the World Health Organization, traffic accidents cause about 1.34 million fatalities annually across the world. This is the eighth leading cause of death across all age groups. Among these fatalities, pedestrians represent 23% (world), 27% (Europe), 40% (Africa), 34% (Eastern Mediterranean), and 22% (Americas) of total traffic deaths. In the United States, approximately 6,227 pedestrians were killed in road crashes in 2018, the highest number in nearly three decades. To protect pedestrians in traffic accidents, subsystem impact tests, using impactors corresponding to the pedestrian’s head and upper/lower leg were included in regulations. However, these simple impact tests cannot capture the complex vehicle-pedestrian interaction, nor the pedestrian injury mechanisms, which are crucial to understanding pedestrian kinetics/kinematics responses in traffic accidents. Numerous variables influence injury variation during vehicle-pedestrian interactions, but current test procedures only require testing in the limited scenarios that mostly focus on the anthropometry of the average male subject. This test procedure cannot be applied to real-world accidents nor the entire pedestrian population due to the incredibly specific nature of the testing. To better understand the injury mechanisms of pedestrians and improve the test protocols, more pre-impact variables should be considered in order to protect pedestrians in various accident scenarios. In this study, simplified pedestrian computational models corresponding to small female, average male, and large male pedestrians were developed and validated in order to investigate the kinetics and kinematics of pedestrians in a cost-effective study. Overall, the kinetic/kinematic responses predicted by the pedestrian models showed good agreement against the corresponding test data. To predict injuries from the tissue level up to the full-body, detailed pedestrian computational models, including sophisticated musculoskeletal system and internal organs, were developed and validated as well. Similar validations were performed on the detailed pedestrian models and showed high-biofidelic responses against the test data. After model development and validation, the pre-impact variables were examined using the average male pedestrian model, which was modified the position to replicate pedestrian gait posture. In a sensitivity study, the average male pedestrian model in gait predicted various kinematic responses as well as the injury outcomes in lateral impact with different vehicle types. The pedestrian models developed in this work have the capability to reproduce the kinetic/kinematic responses of pedestrian and to predict injury outcomes in various pedestrian impact scenarios. Therefore, this work could be used to improve the design of new vehicles and current pedestrian test procedures, which eventually many reduce pedestrian fatalities in traffic accidents.
The pedestrian is one of the most vulnerable road users. According to the World Health Organization, traffic accidents cause about 1.34 million fatalities annually across the world. This is the eighth leading cause of death across all age groups. Among these fatalities, pedestrians represent 23% (world), 27% (Europe), 40% (Africa), 34% (Eastern Mediterranean), and 22% (Americas) of total traffic deaths. In the United States, approximately 6,227 pedestrians were killed in road crashes in 2018, the highest number in nearly three decades. To protect pedestrians in traffic accidents, subsystem impact tests, using impactors corresponding to the pedestrian’s head and upper/lower leg were included in regulations. However, these simple impact tests cannot capture the complex vehicle-pedestrian interaction, nor the pedestrian injury mechanisms, which are crucial to understanding pedestrian kinetics/kinematics responses in traffic accidents. Numerous variables influence injury variation during vehicle-pedestrian interactions, but current test procedures only require testing in the limited scenarios that mostly focus on the anthropometry of the average male subject. This test procedure cannot be applied to real-world accidents nor the entire pedestrian population due to the incredibly specific nature of the testing. To better understand the injury mechanisms of pedestrians and improve the test protocols, more pre-impact variables should be considered in order to protect pedestrians in various accident scenarios. In this study, simplified pedestrian computational models corresponding to small female, average male, and large male pedestrians were developed and validated in order to investigate the kinetics and kinematics of pedestrians in a cost-effective study. Overall, the kinetic/kinematic responses predicted by the pedestrian models showed good agreement against the corresponding test data. To predict injuries from the tissue level up to the full-body, detailed pedestrian computational models, including sophisticated musculoskeletal system and internal organs, were developed and validated as well. Similar validations were performed on the detailed pedestrian models and showed high-biofidelic responses against the test data. After model development and validation, the pre-impact variables were examined using the average male pedestrian model, which was modified the position to replicate pedestrian gait posture. In a sensitivity study, the average male pedestrian model in gait predicted various kinematic responses as well as the injury outcomes in lateral impact with different vehicle types. The pedestrian models developed in this work have the capability to reproduce the kinetic/kinematic responses of pedestrian and to predict injury outcomes in various pedestrian impact scenarios. Therefore, this work could be used to improve the design of new vehicles and current pedestrian test procedures, which eventually many reduce pedestrian fatalities in traffic accidents.
Browning, Raymond Clifton. "Effects of obesity on the energetics and biomechanics of human walking." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/colorado/fullcit?p3190374.
Full textAlphonse, Vanessa Dawn. "Injury Biomechanics of the Human Eye During Blunt and Blast Loading." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31642.
Full textMaster of Science
Johnson, Lindsay W. "The mechanical and microstructural analysis of the human cornea." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17065.
Full textTaylor, Portia E. "Sensor-Based Assessment of the Quality of Human Motion During Therapeutic Exercise." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/200.
Full textJensen, Elisabeth Rose. "In vivo quantification of three dimensional volumetric strain in the human tibialis anterior." Thesis, College of Medicine - Mayo Clinic, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10111521.
Full textIntramuscular pressure (IMP), which is closely correlated with both active and passive muscle tension, may become a useful supplement to current clinical tools as a means to quantify individual muscle-generated force. A continuing challenge associated with this measure is its non-uniform distribution, which is not yet fully understood. Several studies have observed that pressure increases with muscle depth. Conservation of mass suggests that these regional pressure differences may result from non-uniformly distributed changes in local tissue volume. Therefore, the overarching goal of this work was to characterize volumetric strain distribution in skeletal muscle as a means to better understand the mechanism driving the non-uniform IMP distribution.
Three-dimensional volumetric strain distribution had not been previously quantified in skeletal muscle; therefore the bulk of this thesis work revolved around developing and validating a method for this purpose using cine Phase Contrast (CPC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CPC MRI has been previously used to quantify 2D strain distribution in skeletal muscle. Fortunately, the method lends itself to 3D measurements using multiple slice data collection, but this requires a lengthy data acquisition time. We chose to develop the method during passive tension of the human tibialis anterior (TA), because passive tension is closely correlated with IMP and the motion repeatability is more readily controlled and maintained for an extended duration than active tension.
As hypothesized, volumetric strain was found to be non-uniformly distributed during passive tension of the human TA with a decreasing trend from the anterior (superficial) to the posterior (deep) muscle regions. These data align with previously observed trends of decreasing IMP near the muscle surface and may provide important insight into ideal sensor placement regions to maximize measurement repeatability. These results advance our understanding of the tension-IMP relationship in muscle by providing insight into the mechanism behind the non-uniform distribution of IMP. Furthermore, this work has strong potential to contribute to a computational model relating IMP to muscle tension by way of volumetric strain.
Voorhies, Katherine Desiree. "Static and Dynamic Stress/Strain Properties for Human and Porcine Eyes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31867.
Full textMaster of Science
Montanari, Sara. "The effect of intervertebral disc simulated damage on the human spine biomechanics." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19926/.
Full textZigras, Tiffany. "Biomechanics of human pericardium: a comparative study of fresh and fixed tissue." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18672.
Full textLe glutaraldéhyde est un agent fixateur utilisé dans la cardiochirurgie pour stériliser et stabiliser les péricardes hétérologues. Cependant, il n'est pas certain quant à savoir si la fixation du tissu autologue est nécessaire. Des spécimens humains du péricarde ont été recueillis de patients de cardiochirurgie et coupés en quatre petits échantillons. L'état initial de deux d'entre eux a été conservé alors que les deux autres ont baignés dans une solution de Carpentier (0.625% glutaraldéhyde) pendant 10 minutes. La tension équibiaxiale de chaque échantillon a été mesurée avec une machine à tension biaxiale. Il a été fait de même pour des échantillons de matériaux substituts (péricarde de bovin, Dacron). Le tissu conservé était manifestement plus rigide que le tissu fixé. Il a été établi que l'écart des résultats s'explique par le gonflement que le tissu fixé a subi lorsqu'il a été immergé dans l'agent fixateur. De plus, il a été démontré que les deux tissus sont anisotropes. Les mesures de tension en direction longitudinale étaient plus élevées que celles en direction transversale. En comparant les échantillons de péricardes humains à deux autres matériaux substituts disponibles sur le marché, il a été établi que le Dacron suivi du péricarde de bovin sont plus rigides. Les chirurgiens doivent connaître les propriétés de ces matériaux afin d'utiliser celui le mieux adapté à leur diagnostic.
Addison, Brian. "The biomechanics and evolution of impact resistance in human walking and running." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:26718734.
Full textHuman Evolutionary Biology
Boerigter, Rebecca A. "A Biomechanical Upper Extremity Kinematics Model for Quantitative Human Motion Analysis During Wheelchair Propulsion." Thesis, Marquette University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10749371.
Full textMotion analysis allows for the collection and quantification of movement, and has long been used for the assessment of gait. In more recent years, models have been developed to accurately track the kinematics of the upper extremity, however, current methods are limited due to the small number of validated kinematic models. Over time, multiple models have developed for shoulder joint center (SJC) calculation, however, few are validated, with most difficult to implement.
Currently, approximately 3.7 million wheelchair users reside in the USA. The repetitive cyclic propulsion pattern required for wheelchair mobility places high loads on the wrist, elbow, and shoulder and often results in overuse injuries with an estimated 30% to 69% prevalence. Quantification of the shoulder complex using 3D kinematics allows for the assessment of ranges of motion, forces, and moments which may allow for better prescription and training, and propulsion biomechanics in wheelchair users.
Schnorenberg et al. developed and validated a wheelchair model whereby the SJC was calculated using multiple linear regression of the positions of the scapula, clavicle, and humerus. While this model more accurately tracks the glenohumeral joint center as compared to previous models, it requires advanced training and custom Matlab code which limit application for adoption by low resourced clinics and facilities. A simplified model using Visual 3D was developed to allow for local and international clinical and research applications in conjunction with a previously develop low-cost motion tracking system. Motion data during the wheelchair stroke cycle, was obtained using 12 Vicon cameras and Vicon Nexus software. The 3D motion files were processed using both models.
The wrist joint center and glenohumeral joint center yielded sub 2 mm mean error. While the wrist, elbow, and glenohumeral joints had an average error of less than 10° during the grasp and vertical events. Through the development and validation of a simplified model utilizing Visual3D, upper extremity motion analysis may be easily applied in international and outreach clinics. This work presents new methodology to augment current paradigms for evaluation of wheelchair biomechanics.
Dong, Raymond Patrick. "Energetics of Human Leg-swing: Various Cost Models, Optimal Motions, and Fits to Experiments." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291161175.
Full textCunliffe, Martin Gerard. "Measurement, analysis and description of human arm motion." Thesis, University of Salford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244884.
Full textPigos, George. "Development and applications of a polynomial method for three-dimensional analysis." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240871.
Full textYung, Stephanie C. "The Effect of Robotic Assistance on Human Musculoskeletal System for Reaching Tasks." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10603846.
Full textDue to the rising number of stroke victims, the demand for reduced cost and effective treatments for recovering patients increases. To offset this need, previous studies introduced robotic assistance to rehabilitation treatments. This study investigates how much robotic assistance affects the patient by analyzing the differences in muscle activity. From the collected experimental data of ten healthy subjects, the results initially inferred that the end position of the reaching movements affected the muscle activity in biceps and triceps only, while the deltoid was not affected. However, after applying ANOVA one-way analyses, robotic assistance was found to have an impact on the deltoid, triceps, and bicep muscles when subjects moved their hands along an indirect trajectory towards nine targets. Meanwhile, only the bicep was affected when subjects moved their arm in a direct path with assistance. Lastly, the impact that the trajectory of the hand movement had on muscle activity was undetermined.
Yen, Jasper Tong-Biau. "Force control during human bouncing gaits." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43698.
Full textRoach, Neil. "The Biomechanics and Evolution of High-Speed Throwing." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10609.
Full textAnthropology
Beeman, Stephanie Marie. "Quantifying the Kinematics of Injury Biomechanics: Several Applications Incorporating Human Volunteers and Surrogates." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42722.
Full textMaster of Science
Joo, Won. "CROSS-MODAL EFFECTS OF DAMAGE ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF HUMAN CORTICAL BONE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1126285139.
Full textTomaszewski, Mark. "Application of consumer-off-the-shelf (COTS) devices to human motion analysis." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10255111.
Full textHuman upper limb motion analysis with sensing by way of consumer-off-the-shelf (COTS) devices presents a rich set of scientific, technological, and practical implementation challenges. The need for such systems is motivated by the popular trend toward the development of home based rehabilitative motor therapy systems in which patients perform therapy alone while a technological solution connects the patient to a therapist by performing data acquisition, analysis, and the reporting of evaluation results remotely. The choice to use COTS devices mirrors the reasons why they have become universally accepted in society in recent times. They are inexpensive, easy to use, manufactured to be deployable at large scale, and satisfactorily performant for their intended applications. These claims for the use of COTS devices also resound with requirements that make them suitable for use as low-cost equipment in academic research.
The focus of this work is on the development of a proof of concept human upper limb motion capture system using Myo and Sphero. The end-to-end development of the motion capture system begins with developing the software that is required to interact with these devices in MATLAB. Each of Myo and Sphero receive a fully-featured device interface that’s easy to use in native MATLAB m-code. Then, a theoretical framework for upper limb motion capture and analysis is developed in which the devices’ inertial measurement unit data is used to determine the pose of a subject’s upper limb. The framework provides faculties for model calibration, registration of the model with a virtual world, and analysis methods that enable successful validation of the model’s correctness as well as evaluation of its accuracy as shown by the concrete example in this work.
Buttolo, Pietro. "Characterization of human pen grasp with haptic displays /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6016.
Full textGrewal, B. S. "The mechanical behaviour of the left ventricle of the human heart in diastole." Thesis, Brunel University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233235.
Full textValenson, A. J. "Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Human Cervical Spine Ligaments Following Whiplash." Yale University, 2007. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-06282006-145949/.
Full textStavness, Ian Kent. "Byte your tongue : a computational model of human mandibular-lingual biomechanics for biomedical applications." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30306.
Full textAnderson, Frank Clayton. "A dynamic optimization solution for a complete cycle of normal gait /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full textTanabe, Hiroko. "Postural Control Mechanism of Human Bipedal Standing." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215619.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第19793号
人博第764号
新制||人||184(附属図書館)
27||人博||764(吉田南総合図書館)
32829
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)教授 神﨑 素樹, 教授 森谷 敏夫, 教授 石原 昭彦
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Lyttle, Andrew. "Hydrodynamics of the human body during the freestyle tumble turn." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2000. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0126.
Full textYamashita, Daichi. "The mechanics of human sideways locomotion." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188791.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第18353号
人博第666号
新制||人||160(附属図書館)
25||人博||666(吉田南総合図書館)
31211
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)准教授 神﨑 素樹, 教授 森谷 敏夫, 准教授 久代 恵介, 教授 小田 伸午
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Shurtz, Benjamin K. "Human Thoracic Response to Impact: Chestband Effects, the Strain-Deflection Relationship, and Small Females in Side Impact Crashes." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500313611388938.
Full textBendig, Alexander Patrick. "Biomechanics of the 50th Percentile Male Spine Under Vertical Loading." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595351343531378.
Full textDeShaw, Jonathan. "New methodologies for evaluating human biodynamic response and discomfort during seated whole-body vibration considering multiple postures." Thesis, The University of Iowa, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3628472.
Full textThe lack of adequate equipment and measurement tools in whole-body vibration has imposed significant constraints on what can be measured and what can be investigated in the field. Most current studies are limited to single direction measurements while focusing on simple postures. Besides the limitation in measurement, most of the current biomechanical measures, such as the seat-to-head transmissibility, have discrepancies in the way they are calculated across different labs. Additionally, this field lacks an important measure to quantify the subjective discomfort of individuals, especially when sitting with different postures or in multiple-axis vibration.
This work begins by explaining discrepancies in measurement techniques and uses accelerometers and motion capture to provide the basis for more accurate measurement during single- and three-dimensional human vibration responses. Building on this concept, a new data collection method is introduced using inertial sensors to measure the human response in whole-body vibration. The results indicate that measurement errors are considerably reduced by utilizing the proposed methods and that accurate measurements can be gathered in multiple-axis vibration.
Next, a biomechanically driven predictive model was developed to evaluate human discomfort during single-axis sinusoidal vibration. The results indicate that the peak discomfort can be captured with the predictive model during multiple seated postures. The predictive model was then modified to examine human discomfort to whole-body vibration on a larger scale with random vibrations, multiple postures, and multiple vibration directions. The results demonstrate that the predictive measure can capture human discomfort in random vibration and during varying seated postures.
Lastly, a new concept called effective seat-to-head transmissibility is introduced, which describes how to combine the human body's biodynamic response to vibration from multiple directions. This concept is further utilized to quantify the human response using many different vibration conditions and seated postures during 6D vibration. The results from this study demonstrate how complicated vibrations from multiple-input and multiple-output motions can be resolved into a single measure. The proposed effective seat-to-head transmissibility concept presents an objective tool to gain insights into the effect of posture and surrounding equipment on the biodynamic response of the operators.
This thesis is timely as advances in seat design for operators are increasingly important with evolving armrests, backrests, and seat suspension systems. The utilization of comprehensive measurement techniques, a predictive discomfort model, and the concept of effective seat-to-head transmissibility, therefore, would be beneficial to the fields of seat/equipment design as well as human biomechanics studies in whole-body vibration.
Wan, Lu Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "In-vivo cartilage contact biomechanics : an experimental and computational investigation of human ankle joint complex." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45439.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 236-259).
Osteoarthritis is affecting over 20 million people in the United States, the etiology of which is still unclear. As abnormal stress is believed to be one of the factors causing the degeneration of cartilage, the combined dual-orthogonal fluoroscopic and magnetic resonance imaging technique was applied to investigate the in-vivo biomechanics of human ankle joint complex in this work. The in-vivo kinematic data showed that the talocrural joint contributes more in dorsi/plantarflexion, while the subtalar joint is more responsible for inversion/eversion and internal/external rotation of the joint. During the stance phase of walking there is a complicated combination of the motion of the talocrural and subtalar joints. Cartilage-to-cartilage contact area during the stance phase of walking was determined by quantifying the amount of overlap of the cartilage surfaces of the tibia and talus. The in-vivo cartilage contact data showed significant changes in cartilage contact areas at different positions during the stance phase of walking. The articular cartilage contact was only observed in less than 50% of the cartilage coverage areas in the talocrural joint at various positions of the simulated stance phase of walking. The 3D compressive contact strain distribution within the ankle joint was determined under full body weight based on the thickness distribution and the deformation of the cartilage layers. The mean of the average cartilage contact strain of the entire contact area was only 7.5% whereas the mean peak contact strain reached 34.5%. With Young's modulus as 7.5 MPa and Poisson's ratio as 0.4, the average peak pressure was 6.87 ± 1.76 MPa and the average joint contact force was 1.66 ± 0.12 body weight. The in-vivo creep test of human ankle joint was also carried out and the contact deformation occurred mostly in early 30 to 40 seconds after loading the ankle joints. The in-vivo material properties was calculated and compared with the in vitro data. More computational research was performed focusing on the finite element analysis of the in-vivo ankle cartilage with biphasic/poroelastic material properties. The variation of the cartilage surface layer permeability was shown to have significant effects on the biomechanics behavior of human ankle cartilage.
by Lu Wan.
Ph.D.
Campos, Padilla Ivette Yadira. "Biomechanical analysis of the sit-to-stand transition." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/biomechanical-analysis-of-the-sittostand-transition(adfc2efc-4163-4f34-adac-8f58c03a3bc4).html.
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