Academic literature on the topic 'Human beings – history'
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Journal articles on the topic "Human beings – history"
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Lederer, S. "Experimentation on Human Beings." OAH Magazine of History 19, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/19.5.20.
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Gabriel, Norman, and Lars Bo Kaspersen. "‘Human beings in the round’." History of the Human Sciences 27, no. 3 (July 2014): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695114539803.
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HERZOG, DAGMAR. "What Incredible Yearnings Human Beings Have." Contemporary European History 22, no. 2 (April 4, 2013): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777313000131.
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I was preoccupied by a number of puzzles during the time I was researching and writingSexuality in Europe: A Twentieth-Century History. Among other things, I was interested in the puzzle of historical causation. I was curious to use the tools of comparative history as well as the study of transnational flows of people and ideas, and of market forces and wars and diplomatic pressures, to understand what particular conjunctions of multiple factors may have caused sexual cultures (including laws, behaviours, and values) to move either in more liberal-progressive or more neotraditionalist-conservative or overtly repressive directions. At the same time, and throughout, I was all too acutely aware that ‘sexuality’ – that elusive and contested ‘it’ – was and is precisely one of those realms of human existence that continually defy and confuse our assumptions about what exactly constitutes restriction or liberation. I was thus also especially interested to reconstruct as well as possible, using the broadest range of types of sources, how exactly people in the past expressed how they imagined and experienced whatever they thought sexuality was and, in addition, how they battled over the ethics of sexual matters. On the one hand, sexuality – like faith or work – is one of those phenomena in which representations and reality are inevitably inextricable, and I was constantly fascinated with how people grappled with that inextricability, in all its complex manifestations. After all, not only what was considered appropriate or normal or good (in the eyes of God, or the neighbours, or the doctors, or the activists, or the popular advice-writers), but also what was considered (or even physiologicallyfelt) as anxiety-producing or immoral and/or – not least – as sexually thrilling or deeply satisfying has clearly varied considerably across time and place. On the other hand, I was particularly interested in the recurrent and remarkable gaps between lived experiences and personal, private insights, and that which was perceived to be publicly, politically defensible. The gap between the quietly lived and the openly articulable could be stark; it often took tremendous courage to defend sexual freedom, in dictatorships certainly, but also in democracies. I therefore also paid special attention to how those defences were framed, in each place and moment, and with what intended and unintended effects. So while the twentieth century in Europe is often called ‘the century of sex’ and seen as an era of increasing liberalisation, I was convinced of the need to complicate the liberalisation paradigm.
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FUKUDA, Kenji. "Exergy, Economics and the History of Human Beings." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan 50, no. 6 (2008): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesjb.50.6_374.
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Horton, Richard. "Offline: AIDS—learning from history (and human beings)." Lancet 390, no. 10105 (October 2017): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32705-8.
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Murillo, José Ignacio. "Soul, Subject and Person: A Brief History of Western Humanism." Res novae: revija za celovito znanost 4, no. 1 (June 2019): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.62983/rn2865.191.1.
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The history of Western humanism is marked by the emergence of philosophy as a theoretical way for investigating reality. Philosophy studies human beings in connection with the ultimate foundation of reality. Within Western thought, the tradition associated with this kind of research has forged three basic ways of conceiving of human beings’ most radical and distinctive features: man as rational soul, as a self-conscious subject, and as a person. All three are based on important theoretical discoveries, but their coexistence has not always been exactly peaceful. Given that human beings cannot live without self-knowledge, the way we see ourselves has important socio-cultural and ethical consequences, which broaden our view of human beings, bringing to light previously hidden features of humanity. Attempting to recover and make sense of the diverse notions of what it is to be a human being is especially important when the very notion of being human is blurred and its normative value is threatened.
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Sarkar, Somasree. "Human Dominance or Human Vulnerability?: Reviewing Amitav Ghosh’s The Living Mountain: a Fable for Our Times." transcript: An e-Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies 02, no. 02 (2022): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.53034/transcript.2022.v02.n02.005.
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The term ‘Anthropocene’ – the human-dominated epoch has emphasised the evolution of human beings as the dominating species causing the environmental changes and affecting the current climate crisis. The proposal of the Anthropocene as the new geological epoch integrally entangles the human world with the geophysical world, insisting that human history can hardly be separated from environmental history. Realising that both worlds are entangled, it underpins an environmental consciousness among environmental thinkers. Their consciousness rests on their understanding of human beings’ vulnerability to being intertwined with the fragile ecosystem. In this review, I attempt to place Amitav Ghosh’s The Living Mountain: a Fable for Our Times (2022) within Anthropocene discourses which consider human beings as the dominating species in the current epoch, while remaining vulnerable to their destructive activities.
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Melnyk, O. A. "UNDERSTANDING OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN BEINGS: HISTORY OF VIEWS." Habitus, no. 15 (2020): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/2663-5208.2020.15.11.
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Ujma, Christina, and Beatrice Hansen. "Walter Benjamin's Other History: Of Stones, Animals, Human Beings and Angels." Modern Language Review 96, no. 1 (January 2001): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3735829.
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Novakovic, Andreja. "Human Beings as Ends-in-Themselves in Hegel's Philosophy of History." Review of Metaphysics 73, no. 2 (December 2019): 227–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rvm.2019.0080.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Human beings – history"
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Thornton, Helen Clare. "State of nature or Eden? : Thomas Hobbes and his contemporaries on the natural condition of human beings." Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3531.
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Walsh, Megan Kathleen 1976. "Natural and Anthropogenic Influences on the Holocene Fire and Vegetation History of the Willamette Valley, Northwest Oregon and Southwest Washington." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9488.
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xvii, 382 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.The debate concerning the role of natural versus anthropogenic burning in shaping the prehistoric vegetation patterns of the Willamette Valley of Oregon and Washington remains highly contentious. To address this, pollen and high-resolution charcoal records obtained from lake sediments were analyzed to reconstruct the Holocene fire and vegetation history, in order to assess the relative influence of climate variability and anthropogenic activity on those histories. Two sites provided information on the last 11,000 years. At one site at the northern margin of the Willamette Valley, shifts in fire activity and vegetation compared closely with millennial- and centennial-time scale variations in climate, and there was no evidence that anthropogenic burning affected the natural fire-climate linkages prior to Euro-American arrival. In contrast, the fire and vegetation history at a site in the central Willamette Valley showed relatively little vegetation change in response to both millennial- and centennial-scale climate variability, but fire activity varied widely in both frequency and severity. A comparison of this paleoecological reconstruction with archaeological evidence suggests that anthropogenic burning near the site may have influenced middle- to late-Holocene fire regimes. The fire history of the last 1200 years was compared at five sites along a north-south transect through the Willamette Valley. Forested upland sites showed stronger fire-climate linkages and little human influence, whereas lowland sites located in former prairie and savanna showed temporal patterns in fire activity that suggest a significant human impact. A decline in fire activity at several sites in the last 600 years was attributed to the effects of a cooling climate as well as the decline of Native American populations. The impacts of Euro-American settlement on the records include dramatic shifts in vegetation assemblages and large fire events associated with land clearance. The results of this research contribute to our understanding of long-term vegetation dynamics and the role of fire, both natural- and human-ignited, in shaping ecosystems, as well as provide an historical context for evaluating recent shifts in plant communities in the Willamette Valley.
Advisers: Cathy Whitlock, Patrick J. Bartlein
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Andersson, Samuel. "God and the moral beings : A contextual study of Thomas Hobbes’s third book in Leviathan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-113789.
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The question this essay sets out to answer is what role God plays in Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan, in the book “Of a Christian Common-wealth”, in relationship to humans as moral beings. The question is relevant as the religious aspects of Hobbes’s thinking cannot be ignored, although Hobbes most likely had rather secular and sceptical philosophical views. In order to answer the research question Leviathan’s “Of a Christian Common-wealth” will be compared and contrasted with two contextual works: the canonical theological document of the Anglican Church, the Thirty-Nine Articles (1571), and Presbyterian-Anglican document the Westminster Confession (1648). Also, recent scholarly works on Hobbes and more general reference works will be employed and discussed. Hobbes’s views provide a seemingly unsolvable paradox. On the one hand, God is either portrayed, or becomes by consequence of his sceptical and secular state thinking, a distant God in relationship to moral humans in “Of a Christian Common-wealth”. Also, the freedom humans seem to have in making their own moral decisions, whether based on natural and divine, or positive laws, appears to obscure God’s almightiness. On the other hand, when placing Hobbes in context, Hobbes appears to have espoused Calvinist views, with beliefs in predestination and that God is the cause of everything. Rather paradoxically it not unlikely that Hobbes espoused both the views that appear to obscure the role of God, and his more Calvinistic views.
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Russell, Rowland S. "The Ecology of Paradox: Disturbance and Restoration in Land and Soul." [Yellow Springs, Ohio] : Antioch University, 2008. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=antioch1204556861.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Antioch University New England, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed November 11, 2009). "A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Environmental Studies at Antioch University New England (2008)."--from the title page. Advisor: Mitchell Thomashow. Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-296).
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De, Klerk Henning. "The mutual embodiment of landscape and livelihoods: an environmental history of Nqabara." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007054.
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This thesis presents a history of the landscape of Nqabara, an administrative area in a rural and coastal area of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. In the process of investigating landscape history, the inquiry engages with a range of data sources from diverging discursive contexts, including data from ethnographic fieldwork, from the consultation of archival documents and historical reports as well as from comparative historic and ethnographic research, necessitating a critical consideration of the epistemological contexts of data production and the dialogue between researcher and data. Furthermore, in its aim to move beyond historical description towards explanation, the study interrogates the dualist ontological conceptualisations of nature and culture, society and ecology, object and meaning upon which are built three dominant conceptual frameworks concerned with human-environment relationships: social-ecological systems theory, transdisciplinary landscape studies and political ecology. Drawing primarily upon the works of James Gibson, Anthony Giddens and Tim Ingold, an ontological foundation is developed to guide the enquiry and move towards an alternative understanding of the relationship of people’s livelihoods with respect to the landscape in which it is lived, which I call here the praxisembodiment perspective. This ontology takes the situated patterns of action of a situated agent-in-its-environment as its point of departure and proceeds to develop a framework explaining how relations among the patterns of action of different agents-in-their-environment, emerge in structures that simultaneously enable and constrain future action. The foundation is thereby provided for a monist understanding of how landscape and social structure emerge simultaneously from the complex intersection of patterns of actions and interactions of agents in their environment. This framework calls for an understanding of time, space and scale, not as independent variables influencing process and action, but as emergent properties arising from the patterns of actions of situated agents. Finally the alternative ontology is applied to the history of landscape and livelihoods of people of Nqabara. It is concluded that an appropriate understanding and explanation of the critical transformations in the landscape as well as in social institutions, should be sought through analysis of the complex ways in which patterns of action of multiple spatial and temporal rhythms and between multiple agents in an environment, intersect and resonate.
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Yeung, Chun-yu. "When nature and human beings meet ... in Sha Lo Tung." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31987394.
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Davis, Jane. "Longing or belonging? : responses to a 'new' land in southern Western Australia 1829-1907." University of Western Australia. History Discipline Group, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0137.
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While it is now well established that many Europeans were delighted with the landscapes they encountered in colonial Australia, the pioneer narrative that portrays colonists as threatened and alienated by a harsh environment and constantly engaged in battles with the land is still powerful in both scholarly and popular writing. This thesis challenges this dominant narrative and demonstrates that in a remarkably short period of time some colonists developed strong connections with, and even affection for, their 'new' place in Western Australia. Using archival materials for twenty-one colonists who settled in five regions across southern Western Australia from the 1830s to the early 1900s, here this complex process of belonging is unravelled and several key questions are posed: what lenses did the colonists utilise to view the land? How did they use and manage the land? How were issues of class, domesticity and gender roles negotiated in their 'new' environment? What connections did they make with the land? And ultimately, to what extent did they feel a sense of belonging in the Colony? I argue that although utilitarian approaches to the land are evident, this was not the only way colonists viewed the land; for example, they often used the picturesque to express delight and charm. Gender roles and ideas of class were modified as men, as well as women, worked in the home and planted flower gardens, and both men and women carried out tasks that in their households in England and Ireland, would have been done by servants. Thus, the demarcation of activities that were traditionally for men, women and servants became less distinct and amplified their connection to place. Boundaries between the colonists' domestic space and the wider environments also became more permeable as women ventured beyond their houses and gardens to explore and journey through the landscapes. The selected colonists had romantic ideas of nature and wilderness, that in the British middle and upper-middle class were associated with being removed from the land, but in colonial Western Australia many of them were intimately engaged with it. Through their interactions with the land and connections they made with their social networks, most of these colonists developed an attachment for their 'new' place and called it home; they belonged there.
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Yeung, Chun-yu, and 楊臻宇. "When nature and human beings meet ... in Sha Lo Tung." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31987394.
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Quesada-Embid, Mercedes Chamberlain. "Dwelling, Walking, Serving: Organic Preservation Along the Camino de Santiago Pilgrimage Landscape." [Yellow Springs, Ohio] : Antioch University, 2008. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=antioch1229963115.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Antioch University New England, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed March 26, 2010). "A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Environmental Studies at Antioch University New England (2008)."--from the title page. Advisor: Alesia Maltz, Ph.D. Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-308).
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Feaux, de la Croix Jeanne. "Moral geographies in Kyrgyzstan : how pastures, dams and holy sites matter in striving for a good life." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1862.
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This thesis is an ethnography of how places like mountain pastures (jailoos), hydro-electric dams and holy sites (mazars) matter in striving for a good life. Based on eighteen months of fieldwork in the Toktogul valley of Kyrgyzstan, this study contributes to theoretical questions in the anthropology of post-socialism, time, space, work and enjoyment. I use the term ‘moral geography’ to emphasize a spatial imaginary that is centred on ideas of ‘the good life’, both ethical and happy. This perspective captures an understanding of jailoos which connects food, health, wealth and beauty. In comparing attitudes towards a Soviet and post-Soviet dam, I reveal changes in the nature of the state, property and collective labour. People in Toktogul hold agentive places like mazars and non-personalized places like dams and jailoos apart, implying not one overarching philosophy of nature, but a world in which types of places have different gradations of object-ness and personhood. I show how people use forms of commemoration as a means of establishing connections between people, claims on land and aspirations of ‘becoming cultured’. I demonstrate how people draw on repertoires of epic or Soviet heroism and mobility in conceiving their life story and agency in shaping events. Different times and places such as ‘eternal’ jailoos and Soviet dams are often collapsed as people derive personal authority from connections to them. Analysing accounts of collectivization and privatization I argue that the Soviet period is often treated as a ‘second tradition’ used to judge the present. People also strive for ‘the good life’ through working practices that are closely linked to the Soviet experience, and yet differ from Marxist definitions of labour. The pervasively high value of work is fed from different, formally conflicting sources of moral authority such as Socialism, Islam and neo-liberal ideals of ‘entrepreneurship’. I discuss how parties, poetry and song bring together jakshylyk (goodness) as enjoyment and virtue. I show how song and poetry act as moral guides, how arman yearning is purposely enjoyed in Kyrgyz music and how it relates to nostalgia and nature imagery. The concept of ‘moral geography’ allows me to investigate how people strive for well-being, an investigation that is just as important as focusing on problem-solving and avoiding pain. It also allows an analysis of place and time that holds material interactions, moral ideals, economic and political dimensions in mind.
Books on the topic "Human beings – history"
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Aydon, Cyril. A brief history of mankind: 150,000 years of human history. London: Robinson, 2009.
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Cyril, Aydon, ed. A brief history of mankind: 150,000 years of human history. London: Robinson, 2009.
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Halka. A degree of illumination: Humanity's hidden history. Nevada City, CA: Blue Dolphin Pub., Inc., 2010.
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Halka. A degree of illumination: Humanity's hidden history. Nevada City, Calif: Blue Dolphin Pub., Inc., 2010.
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Simmons, I. G. Global environmental history: 10,000 BC to AD 2000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008.
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Zeldin, Theodore. An intimate history of humanity. London: Minerva Paperbacks, 1995.
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1949-, Wilde Sally, ed. The body divided: Human beings and human 'materials' in modern medical history. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2011.
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Migration in world history. New York: Routledge, 2004.
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1954-, Corbey Raymond, and Roebroeks Wil, eds. Studying human origins: Disciplinary history and epistemology. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2001.
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Oracion, Levi V. Intimations of divinity: In creation, history, and human beings. Quezon City, Philippines: New Day Publishers, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Human beings – history"
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Fabbro, Franco. "The Evolutionary History of Human Beings." In Biological and Neuroscientific Foundations of Philosophy, 51–69. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003360155-4.
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Mühl, Julia. "Human Beings as Social Beings: Gerda Walther’s Anthropological Approach." In Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences, 71–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97592-4_6.
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Bonfiglioli, Riccardo. "Philosophy of History, Morality and Human Beings." In Human Nature, Mind and the Self in Adam Smith's Moral Philosophy, 85–102. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56779-7_6.
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Bynum, William. "Reflections on the History of Human Experimentation." In The Use of Human Beings in Research, 29–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2705-6_3.
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Rychlak, Joseph F. "In Search and Proof of Human Beings, Not Machines." In History of Psychology in Autobiography, 211–40. New York, NY: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88499-8_7.
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Vermij, Rienk. "The nature of life and the origin of human beings." In A History of Western Science, 202–17. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003323181-13.
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Massey, Robert U. "Cultural Contents in the History of the Use of Human Subjects in Research." In The Use of Human Beings in Research, 19–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2705-6_2.
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Scarr, Deryck. "Trenches, Carbon Dates and Linguistics: The Scientific Record of Early Human Beings." In The History of the Pacific Islands, 10–19. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15138-7_3.
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Marini, Maria Giulia. "How Many Narrative Medicines Are in the History of Human Beings?" In Non-violent Communication and Narrative Medicine for Promoting Sustainable Health, 15–23. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58691-0_2.
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Klein, Martin. "The Vegetative Powers of Human Beings: Late Medieval Metaphysical Worries." In International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées, 153–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69709-9_10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Human beings – history"
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K. Barsky a, Constance, and Stanislaw D. Glazek b. "21st Century Ergonomic Education From Little e to Big E." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100377.
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Despite intense efforts, contemporary educational systems are not enabling individuals to function optimally in modern society. The main reason is that reformers are trying to improve systems that are not designed to take advantage of the centuries of history of the development of today’s societies. Nor do they recognize the implications of the millions of years of history of life on earth in which humans are the latest edition of learning organisms. The contemporary educational paradigm of “education for all” is based on a 17th century model of “printing minds” for passing on static knowledge. This characterizes most of K-12 education. In contrast, 21st Century education demands a new paradigm, which we call Ergonomic Education. This is an education system that is designed to fit the students of any age instead of forcing the students to fit the education system. It takes into account in a fundamental way what students want to learn—the concept “wanting to learn” refers to the innate ability and desire to learn that is characteristic of humans. The Ergonomic Education paradigm shifts to education based on coaching students as human beings who are hungry for productive learning throughout their lives from their very earliest days.
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KARIM SHARIF, BAQI. "Genocide And strategies to confront it from an Islamic perspective." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/46.
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"Genocide And strategies to confront it from an Islamic perspective Genocide is the nightmare and black point in human history, which unfortunately is committed by human beings as individuals or groups, or even governments and countries against the brotherhood of human being. The mass extermination was the extermination of a family and a group, or a nationality and a sect, in a place because of the justification for their national, sectarian and religious affiliations. Or was their extermination because of their race and color, or because of the location of the geography rich in economic materials, or because of their opposition to the type of government that governs them. Whatever the justifications and causes of genocide, it is a heinous act of every human being with a common sense and a balanced mind; Because committing it is not worthy of a human being as a human being, and is in no way consistent with his position as the smartest living being in the universe, and as the master of it, and as it is a condemned, criminal and forbidden act, then a warrior in international laws and heavenly religions. The researcher in this research puts his hand on legislative, economic and social strategies, with the aim of essentially eliminating this ugly and malicious cancerous behavior, and the work that everyone with a healthy nature disgusts with does not strip away the qualities and characteristics that are unique to humans and distinguish them from other living creatures. Beginning with the definition of genocide, then a brief presentation of its genesis and its most important causes, and then focus on strategies to confront, combat, and eliminate it. "
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Sakata, Tomofumi, Keiichi Watanuki, and Kozawa Motohiro. "Influence of History of Art Learning on Understanding of Beauty and Ugliness in Painting." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003240.
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Japanese elementary school teachers can teach art classes to elementary school students without receiving any art education. For this reason, there are no common evaluation criteria for art classes, and teachers create their own evaluation criteria and assign grades. The teachers' own evaluation criteria often include their own interests, suggesting that the students may not be receiving a fair evaluation. It is possible that elementary school students dislike art classes due to unfair evaluation. A dislike of art from an early age can lead to a lack of imagination and creativity. In addition, we are becoming a mature society with a rapidly declining birthrate and an aging population, and it is expected that each individual, as the bearer of a sustainable society, will be nurtured to create new values that will lead to the growth of individuals and society with qualitative enrichment driven by the diversity of the individual. One of the changes in a mature society is the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence. It is claimed that artificial intelligence is starting to think and comprehend knowledge conceptually on its own, and it is predicted that this would significantly alter the nature of employment and the significance of knowledge acquired in schools. At the same time, this leads to a reaffirmation of the fact that no matter how much artificial intelligence evolves and becomes capable of thinking, it is the greatest strength of human beings to provide the purpose of thinking and to judge the goodness, correctness, and beauty of the purpose. School education is required to enable children to actively face various changes, solve problems in collaboration with others, discern various types of information, realize a conceptual understanding of knowledge, reconstruct information and connect it to new values, and reconstruct purposes in complex changing situations. It is also required to be able to reconstruct objectives in the face of complex changes in circumstances. Thus, art education is considered crucial, and it is important to understand what aspects of art are perceived as beautiful or ugly in the process of learning art. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the differences in the sense of beauty and ugliness in paintings between students majoring in art and those who are the same age as the students and have no prior art study experience.We conducted an experiment using paintings from each period of Western art history as the paintings for judging the beauty and ugliness of a painting. By evaluating the beauty and ugliness of art paintings from each period, we selected a variety of paintings from simple to complicated for the purpose of judging the beauty and ugliness of the paintings. We also aimed to quantify the beauty/ugliness points that do not change depending on the age or the complexity of the painting.Fractal analysis was used for the analysis. A fractal is a similarity between the whole and a part of a figure. Fractals are often found in nature and in living organisms, and fractal structures can also be found in works of art. In particular, fractals are seen in the paintings of Abstract Expressionist painters, whether by accident or necessity. It has been reported that fractal dimension and art are closely related. In this study, we consider fractals in color tones as well as in structure.As a result, art majors were able to clearly point out the beauty and ugliness of complicated paintings. Students who did not study fine arts saw the whole complicated painting as beautiful, and were unable to point out clear beauty or ugliness points. For simple paintings with only one person, the art majors were able to point out the beauty and ugliness of the painting in more detail. Students who did not study art pointed out the beauty and ugliness of a simple painting in a large and general way. Fractal analysis showed that the beauty/ugliness points pointed out by the experts maintained a medium fractal dimension. The fractal dimension of the beauty/ugliness points pointed out by students who had not studied art maintained a high fractal dimension, indicating that they perceived beauty/ugliness in more complex areas.The above results indicate that as students learn more about art, they are able to understand the beauty and ugliness of a picture more intricately and perceive beauty and ugliness in areas with a medium fractal dimension.
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Mosque, Roseane Santos, and Maria Vitória Santos Fontes. "Didactics and methodologies applied to teaching racial-ethnic relations in Brazil." In V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-129.
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Teacher training, in its scope, dispenses with methodological understanding of pedagogical practices, with regard to transversal themes such as gender, race and ethnicity, highlighting the diversity and differences present in human beings, so that the exchange of knowledge in and for beyond the school space, occurs in order to strengthen the exercise of citizenship from the perspective of an inclusive educational model. Diversity for this formation requires knowledge of the history of the composition of the Brazilian territory by African, Afro-Brazilian and indigenous peoples, respect for the culture and organization that these ethnic groups establish socially, and how they were brought together through their colonizing processes. .
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G. do Nascimento, Matheus, and Paulo B. Lopes. "Thermal Comfort of the Environment with Internet of Things, Big Data and Machine Learning." In 7th International Conference on VLSI and Applications (VLSIA 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.112106.
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This research proposes to evaluate the level of thermal comfort of the environment in real time using Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and Machine Learning (ML) techniques for collecting, storage, processing and analysis of the concerned information. The search for thermal comfort provides the best living and health conditions for human beings. The environment, as one of its functions, must present the climatic conditions necessary for human thermal comfort. In the research, wireless sensors are used to monitor the Heat Index, the Thermal Discomfort Index and the Temperature and Humidity Index of remote indoor environments to intelligently monitor the level of comfort and alert possible hazards to the people present. Machine learning algorithms are also used to analyse the history of stored data and formulate models capable of making predictions of the parameters of the environment to determine preventive actions or optimize the environment control for reducing energy consumption.
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ASHIMOVA, Dinara. "MYTHOLOGICAL ELEMENTS IN ER-TOSTUK TALE." In International Research Congress of Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences (Rimar Congress 2). Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress2-9.
Full textAbstract:
Mythology is called the myths, which are about the seemingly real events to explain the beliefs, practices, institutions, or natural phenomena of a particular civilization or religious tradition, but are often associated with rituals and ceremonies, mostly unknown origin. Rumors tell the events that are outside of human life but which are the basis of it, what the gods or extraordinary beings do. This situation is generally included in folk narratives. The Turkish tribes who live in different parts of the world have their own folk narratives. Some of these folk narratives, such as Koroglu and Alpamys, have exceeded the difficulties of geography and history and have belonged to the whole of the nation. Er-Tostuk narrative is one of them.
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Capes, David B. "TOLERANCE IN THE THEOLOGY AND THOUGHT OF A. J. CONYERS AND FETHULLAH GÜLEN (EXTENDED ABSTRACT)." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/fbvr3629.
Full textAbstract:
In his book The Long Truce (Spence Publishing, 2001) the late A. J. Conyers argues that tolerance, as practiced in western democracies, is not a public virtue; it is a political strat- egy employed to establish power and guarantee profits. Tolerance, of course, seemed to be a reasonable response to the religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, but tolerance based upon indifference to all values except political power and materialism relegated ultimate questions of meaning to private life. Conyers offers another model for tolerance based upon values and resources already resident in pre-Reformation Christianity. In this paper, we consider Conyer’s case against the modern, secular form of tolerance and its current practice. We examine his attempt to reclaim the practice of Christian tolerance based upon humility, hospitality and the “powerful fact” of the incarnation. Furthermore, we bring the late Conyers into dialog with Fethullah Gülen, a Muslim scholar, prolific writer and the source of inspiration for a transnational civil society movement. We explore how both Conyers and Gülen interpret their scriptures in order to fashion a theology and politi- cal ideology conducive to peaceful co-existence. Finally, because Gülen’s identity has been formed within the Sufi tradition, we reflect on the spiritual resources within Sufi spirituality that make dialog and toleration key values for him. Conyers locates various values, practices and convictions in the Christian message that pave the way for authentic toleration. These include humility, trust, reconciliation, the interrelat- edness of all things, the paradox of power--that is, that strength is found in weakness and greatness in service—hope, the inherent goodness of creation, and interfaith dialog. Conyers refers to this latter practice as developing “the listening heart” and “the open soul.” In his writings and oral addresses, Gülen prefers the term hoshgoru (literally, “good view”) to “tolerance.” Conceptually, the former term indicates actions of the heart and the mind that include empathy, inquisitiveness, reflection, consideration of the dialog partner’s context, and respect for their positions. The term “tolerance” does not capture the notion of hoshgoru. Elsewhere, Gülen finds even the concept of hoshgoru insufficient, and employs terms with more depth in interfaith relations, such as respect and an appreciation of the positions of your dialog partner. The resources Gülen references in the context of dialog and empathic acceptance include the Qur’an, the prophetic tradition, especially lives of the companions of the Prophet, the works of great Muslim scholars and Sufi masters, and finally, the history of Islamic civilization. Among his Qur’anic references, Gülen alludes to verses that tell the believers to represent hu- mility, peace and security, trustworthiness, compassion and forgiveness (The Qur’an, 25:63, 25:72, 28:55, 45:14, 17:84), to avoid armed conflicts and prefer peace (4:128), to maintain cordial relationships with the “people of the book,” and to avoid argumentation (29:46). But perhaps the most important references of Gülen with respect to interfaith relations are his readings of those verses that allow Muslims to fight others. Gülen positions these verses in historical context to point out one by one that their applicability is conditioned upon active hostility. In other words, in Gülen’s view, nowhere in the Qur’an does God allow fighting based on differences of faith. An important factor for Gülen’s embracing views of empathic acceptance and respect is his view of the inherent value of the human. Gülen’s message is essentially that every human person exists as a piece of art created by the Compassionate God, reflecting aspects of His compassion. He highlights love as the raison d’etre of the universe. “Love is the very reason of existence, and the most important bond among beings,” Gülen comments. A failure to approach fellow humans with love, therefore, implies a deficiency in our love of God and of those who are beloved to God. The lack of love for fellow human beings implies a lack of respect for this monumental work of art by God. Ultimately, to remain indifferent to the conditions and suffering of fellow human beings implies indifference to God himself. While advocating love of human beings as a pillar of human relations, Gülen maintains a balance. He distinguishes between the love of fellow human beings and our attitude toward some of their qualities or actions. Our love for a human being who inflicts suffering upon others does not mean that we remain silent toward his violent actions. On the contrary, our very love for that human being as a human being, as well as our love of those who suffer, necessitate that we participate actively in the elimination of suffering. In the end we argue that strong resonances are found in the notion of authentic toleration based on humility advocated by Conyers and the notion of hoshgoru in the writings of Gülen.
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Wang, Tong. "Research on Creative Thinking Mode based on Category Theory." In 11th International Conference on Signal & Image Processing (SIP 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.121706.
Full textAbstract:
The research on the brain mechanism of creativity mainly has two aspects, one is the creative thinking process, and the other is the brain structure and functional connection characteristics of highly creative people. The hundreds of millions of nerve cells in the brain connect and interact with each other. The human brain has a high degree of complexity at the biological level, especially the rational thinking ability of the human brain. Starting from the connection of molecules, cells, neural networks and the neural function structure of the brain, it may be fundamentally impossible to study the rational thinking mode of human beings. Human's rational thinking mode has a high degree of freedom and transcendence, and such problems cannot be expected to be studied by elaborating the realization of the nervous system. The rational thinking of the brain is mainly based on the structured thinking mode, and the structured thinking mode shows the great scientific power. This paper studies the theoretical model of innovative thinking based on category theory, and analyzes the creation process of two scientific theories which are landmarks in the history of science, and provides an intuitive, clear interpretation model and rigorous mathematical argument for the creative thinking. The structured thinking way have great revelation and help to create new scientific theories.
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Tan, Ruiguang. "Research methods of product perceptual image recognition in Kansei Engineering." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001764.
Full textAbstract:
The paper studies the image recognition in Kansei engineering. Firstly, the development history of Kansei Engineering is reviewed. The early research object of ergonomics is the explicit physiological and psychological reaction generated after the interaction between human and artificial objects. This type of research object is characterized by objectivity, universality, stability and easiness to measure. Kansei Engineering extends the research object of ergonomics to the implicit psychological reaction generated by the interaction between human beings and artificial objects, which is characterized by subjectivity, difference, fuzziness and unpredictability.Secondly,the perceptual image of the product is discussed. Perceptual images in Kansei engineering are human's feelings and psychological expectations for artificial objects, as well as highly condensed and deep emotional activities. Different groups may have different perceptual images in different stages. In the study of perceptual image, it is necessary to clarify the subject and stage of the perceptual image. Thirdly, the method of product perceptual image recognition is studied. Perceptual image recognition can be divided into two stages: experiment and statistical analysis, which involves the acquisition, representation, modeling and mapping of user perceptual image with product modeling elements. Generally, the test method is to collect product sample pictures and product perceptual evaluation words, combine morphological analysis method and semantic difference method to form a questionnaire, and then select subjects for testing. A series of statistical analyses should be carried out on the questionnaire data, including factor analysis, cluster analysis, multidimensional scale analysis, artificial neural network analysis, etc. The aim of statistical analyses is to establish the mapping relationship between perceptual image and form. Finally, it points out the problems existing in perceptual image recognition, including "the purpose and subject of perceptual image recognition","Questions of subject representation". A more comprehensive research perspective and technical means should be established to study the above problems.
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Boutilier, Célia. "Inhabiting the Edges." In 28th International Symposium on Electronic Art. Paris: Ecole des arts decoratifs - PSL, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69564/isea2023-6-short-boutilier-inhabiting-the-edges.
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SHORT PAPER. My doctoral project in art-creation-research, which began in October 2021, is entitled "Imaginal photography: for an aesthetic of symbiosis." In my practice as a photographic artist, making symbiotic relationships, unexpected alliances, allows me to provoke a "suspension of evidence" which, through the intermediary of the image, invites the viewer to share the experience of a different look. From this point on, the very nature of perception is to admit ambiguity. The interdependencies in ecosystems, the principle of hybridization between different species are themes addressed by the team of the laboratory of plant symbioses of the French National Museum of Natural History of Paris with which I collaborate. In my research, I'm specifically interested in the symbioses present in the orchid with the biologists Florent Martos and Eve Hellequin. Transcending the notion of organism allows us to reconcile human beings with their natural dimension of interdependence and interaction. The researchers in this laboratory are the extractors and curators of natural plant resources, with which they shape new worlds such as the Grande Serre: a space in which I would like to exhibit works in 2023-2024. These hybrid spaces, co-dependent with humans, seem to me to be fertile places to dialogue with.
Reports on the topic "Human beings – history"
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Paredes, Juan Roberto, María Clara Ramos, Marina Robles, and Emma Näslund-Hadley. Comprehensive Solid Waste Management. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006243.
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Take a look at the garbage bin in your school or home. Have you ever wondered what makes its content garbage? If you look inside, you may see that the waste at the bottom of the bin is made up of items that are no longer of use and therefore have been tossed out. You may also find materials that are of mixed composition (made of glass, paper, metal, organics, and the like). Breathe in deeply, and you may notice an unpleasant odor. This is a sample of our consumption. We disregard the origin and history of these items, their ultimate destiny, and the consequence of their disposal for the environment and human beings. And this disregard is, without a doubt, what turns waste into a problem.
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Cuesta-Valiño, Pedro. Happiness Management. A Social Well-being multiplier. Social Marketing and Organizational Communication. Edited by Rafael Ravina-Ripoll. Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/2022.happiness-management.
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On behalf of the Happiness University Network, we are pleased to present here an extract of the information concerning the universities working to generate the diffusion of this network. Specifically, with the support of the University of Salamanca and the Pontifical University of Salamanca the aim is to create a friendly and working environment for the dissemination and discussion of the latest scientific and practical developments in the fields of happiness economics, corporate wellbeing, happiness management and organisational communication. It also offers an opportunity for productive encounters, the promotion of collaborative projects and the encouragement of international networking. Below you will find papers related to: Economics of happiness, happiness management, organisational communication, welfare state economics, consumer happiness, leadership, social marketing, happiness management and SDGs, happiness management in human resource strategies, learning and competencies in happiness management, learning and competencies in social well-being, measurement and indicators of happiness and well-being and history of welfare economics.
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Crouch, Luis, and Deborah Spindelman. Purpose-Driven Education System Transformations: History Lessons from Korea and Japan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2023/139.
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This paper is an essay in comparative educational history and its possible relevance to educational development today. It addresses the question of whether Japan and Korea’s history in using educational development to further national development can be useful as (partial) models for dealing with the educational challenges of today’s lower- and lower-middle income countries. The hypothesis of the paper is that there is much to learn from these countries, but that the lessons one could learn are not at all obvious or superficial, and are only partially about what was done (specific education policies) and are more importantly about how it was done (the high purpose and thoroughness of policy engagement). The paper first characterizes educational development, especially in terms of the intense emphasis on equality of high achievement in Korea and Japan, in quantitative terms, to demonstrate that these countries possess certain admirable characteristics. Caveats regarding learner stress and rote learning are dealt with by looking at the relevant statistics. A framework for assessing the quality of policy borrowing processes is built, based on the literature on this subject. The paper then analyzes the historical development of education as a means of resisting Western colonialist probes into Japan and Korea (end of the 19th C), but also Japan itself into Korea (first half of 20th C). How both countries borrowed from the West, but in a contested and very deep manner, and as part of a resistance to being colonized, is documented. The paper also shows that part of the healthy, contested borrowing was the involvement of teacher groups and civil society. The paper concludes by taking into consideration the fraught issue that potentiating the role of education in national development could be seen as tantamount to using education for nationalism. The paper links to the possibility that there may be a more inclusive and rights-oriented use of the concept of the nation to foster human well-being, and that education could play a role in such processes. Some practical suggestions for taking these ideas forward, or at least exploring them in more depth, are made at the very end.
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Rodríguez-Acelas, Alba Luz, Jennifer Rojas Reyes, Carolina Chavarriaga, and Mónica López de Ávila. Parameters for Nursing Assessment According to the Human Life Cycle: A Scoping Review Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.6.0019.
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Review question / Objective: To review the parameters for nursing assessment according to the human life cycle evidenced in the scientific literature? Condition being studied: Nursing assessment is one of the steps of the nursing process (NP), it consists of obtaining data that allows knowing the health status of a person and focusing the attention on the identified needs, guaranteeing the effectiveness and safety of care. According to the literature, there are different assessment approaches from nursing, which require an understanding for their use that is rarely developed, the above caused by various difficulties such as lack of time, problems at the level of knowledge, no interest, clarity in the parameters, among others, leading nursing professionals to lean towards the biomedical model due to its traditional use throughout history, which results in an apparent affinity. To deal with this situation, it is intended to determine by means of a scoping review, the assessment parameters applied in nursing according to the stages of the human life cycle, in order to contribute to the understanding of this component and make visible its importance within the disciplinary development.
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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis, et al. Oak processionary moth, Thaumetopoea processionea (L.). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228704.
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The oak processionary moth (Thaumetopoea processionea>) is native to Central and Southern Europe and has been spreading to Northern Europe, including Southern England since 2006. The larvae feed on various oak species (Quercus spp.), contributing to oak decline and causing significant health issues for humans and pets due to their urticating hairs. There is no history of classical biological control for this pest, but several promising natural enemies exist. The most promising natural enemies include the larval parasitoids Carcelia iliaca and Pales processioneae, which are specific to Thaumetopoea spp. and have been dominant in Germany and the Netherlands, with C. iliaca also found in invasive UK populations. The egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus masii is noted in Italy but seems less significant than other polyphagous species, such as Anastatus bifasciatus and Trichogramma spp. Pimpla processioneae and other Pimpla species are frequently found parasitizing pupae, with P. processioneae being the most specific. Other natural enemies such as A. bifasciatus, the larval parasitoid Meteorus versicolor, and various tachinid parasitoids are abundant but too polyphagous for classical biological control programs.
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Arora, Saurabh, Arora, Saurabh, Ajit Menon, M. Vijayabaskar, Divya Sharma, and V. Gajendran. People’s Relational Agency in Confronting Exclusion in Rural South India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/steps.2021.004.
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Social exclusion is considered critical for understanding poverty, livelihoods, inequality and political participation in rural India. Studies show how exclusion is produced through relations of power associated with gender, caste, religion and ethnicity. Studies also document how people confront their exclusion. We use insights from these studies – alongside science and technology studies – and rely on life history narratives of ‘excluded’ people from rural Tamil Nadu, to develop a new approach to agency as constituted by two contrasting ways of relating: control and care. These ways of relating are at once social and material. They entangle humans with each other and with material worlds of nature and technology, while being mediated by structures such as social norms and cultural values. Relations of control play a central role in constituting exclusionary forms of agency. In contrast, relations of care are central to the agency of resistance against exclusion and of livelihood-building by the ‘excluded’. Relations can be transformed through agency in uncertain ways that are highly sensitive to trans-local contexts. We offer examples of policy-relevant questions that our approach can help to address for apprehending social exclusion in rural India and elsewhere.
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Şeker, Muzaffer, Ali Özer, Zekeriya Tosun, Cem Korkut, and Mürsel Doğrul, eds. The Assessment Report on COVID-19 Global Outbreak. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.2020.119.
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"In late December 2019, a large number of patients with unknown causes of pneumonia were reported by press from a seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. This coronavirus was originally named the 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 12, 2020. The Coronavirus Working Group (CSG) of the WHO and International Committee proposed to call the new virus SARS-CoV-2 on February 11, 2020. As a result of the samples taken from the patient, the whole genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 was isolated on January 7, 2020, by Chinese scientists in a short time. WHO announced on February 11, 2020; that “COVID-19” will become the official name of the disease. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director of the WHO, said the epidemic meant “ko”, “corona”, “vi” for “virus” and “d” for “disease” as first described on December 31, 2019. Such a name has been preferred to avoid stigmatizing a particular region, animal species or human. The infection, which started to spread first in China and then in nearby countries, spread to most countries later on. The epidemic soon reached an international dimension, affecting the whole world. As a result, the WHO considered COVID-19 as an international public health problem and declared it as a pandemic on January 30, 2020. In humans, coronaviruses cause some cases of colds and respiratory infections that can be fatal, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In recent years, new viral infections have been detected periodically in various countries. The first epidemic; was observed in 2002-2003 as a result of the crossing of a new coronavirus from bat origin to humans through palm civet cats in Guangdong Province, China. This virus, called SARS, affected a total of 8422 people in China and caused 916 deaths (11% mortality, however different rates are given in different literatures). The second epidemic event occurred approximately 10 years later. In 2012, the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged from bat origin through a dromedary camel in Saudi Arabia. It affected a total of 2494 people and caused 858 deaths (mortality rate of 34%). WHO has declared it as a pandemic after the outbreak and scientists are doing great efforts to identify the characterization of the new coronavirus and to develop antiviral therapies and vaccines. Clinical studies and vaccination studies are still ongoing fastly. Also, the pathogenesis of the virus is still not fully known, and new studies are needed in this regard. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The most appropriate prophylactic regimen for patients under observation due to COVID-19 related disease is unknown. For this reason, treatment protocols should be planned by following the current guidelines. This study consists of evaluating the opinions about the history of pandemics associated with COVID-19, related definitions and the projects being carried out with the compilation of available resources, the development stages of the pandemic and the projection of postpandemic interaction so far."
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Şeker, Muzaffer, Ali Özer, Zekeriya Tosun, Cem Korkut, and Mürsel Doğrul, eds. COVID-19 Küresel Salgın Değerlendirme Raporu. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.2020.118.
Full textAbstract:
"In late December 2019, a large number of patients with unknown causes of pneumonia were reported by press from a seafood market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. This coronavirus was originally named the 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 12, 2020. The Coronavirus Working Group (CSG) of the WHO and Internati- onal Committee proposed to call the new virus SARS-CoV-2 on February 11, 2020. As a result of the samples taken from the patient, the whole genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 was isolated on January 7, 2020, by Chinese scientists in a short time. WHO announced on Febru- ary 11, 2020; that “COVID-19” will become the official name of the disease. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director of the WHO, said the epidemic meant “ko”, “corona”, “vi” for “virus” and “d” for “disease” as first described on December 31, 2019. Such a name has been preferred to avoid stigmatizing a particular region, animal species or human. The infection, which started to spread first in China and then in nearby countries, spread to most countries later on. The epidemic soon reached an international dimension, affecting the whole world. As a result, the WHO considered COVID-19 as an international public health problem and declared it as a pandemic on January 30, 2020. In humans, coronaviruses cause some cases of colds and respiratory infections that can be fatal, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In recent years, new viral infections have been detected periodically in various countries. The first epidemic; was observed in 2002-2003 as a result of the crossing of a new coronavirus from bat origin to humans through palm civet cats in Guangdong Province, China. This virus, called SARS, affected a total of 8422 people in China and caused 916 deaths (11% mortality, however different rates are given in different literatures). The second epidemic event occurred approximately 10 years later. In 2012, the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged from bat origin through a dromedary camel in Saudi Arabia. It affected a total of 2494 people and caused 858 deaths (mortality rate of 34%). WHO has declared it as a pandemic after the outbreak and scientists are doing great efforts to identify the characterization of the new coronavirus and to develop antiviral therapies and vaccines. Clinical studies and vaccination studies are still ongo- ing fastly. Also, the pathogenesis of the virus is still not fully known, and new studies are needed in this regard. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The most appropriate prophylactic regimen for patients under observa- tion due to COVID-19 related disease is unknown. For this reason, treatment protocols should be planned by following the current guidelines. This study consists of evaluating the opinions about the history of pandemics associated with COVID-19, related definitions and the projects being carried out with the compilation of avai- lable resources, the development stages of the pandemic and the projection of postpandemic interaction."
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Thompson, Stephen, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Clement Arockiasamy. Freedom of Religious Belief and People with Disabilities: A Case Study of People with Disabilities from Religious Minorities in Chennai, India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.003.
Full textAbstract:
India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds. A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence. Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India. While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments. Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.
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Porciello, Jaron, Volha Skidan, Ramya Ambikapathi, Brenda Boonabaana, Jill Guerra, Preetamoninder Lidder, Valeria Piñeiro, et al. The State of the Field for Research on AgrifoodSystems. Juno Reports. CABI, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/junoreports.2024.0001.
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Science is called upon in times of significant change and uncertainty to respond to global challenges and opportunities. Novel approaches are needed to connect science with policy targets so that we can dedicate some of the scientific knowledge that we’ve accumulated over the course of human history on being able to save the world—while we still have a world left to save. Converging crises of hunger, climate, and political unrest remind us there is no time to waste. The impacts of climate change are increasingly evident worldwide, particularly affecting farmers and rural communities in regions that already struggle with poverty, hunger, and access and affordability of nutritious diets. Governments, funders, and public and private sectors are investing significant energy and resources to promote and identify evidence-based solutions across agrifood systems. A proliferation of research published over the past 15 years encourages agrifood systems to contribute towards a broader set of outcomes beyond productivity, and embrace nutrition, women’s empowerment, environmental sustainability, resilience, and inclusion. There is a profound sense of urgency for all actors, and especially global institutions, to innovate and adapt in response to an ambitious set of targets while paying attention to potential trade-offs and unintended consequences that come with integrating multiple objectives simultaneously. ‘The State of the Field for Research on Agrifood Systems’ uses artificial intelligence (AI) to analyse global research distribution from the past 13 years. This report provides a macro-level review of more than six million summaries of scientific papers and reports. It offers a snapshot across agrifood systems research, highlighting where progress has occurred, and where significant gaps remain. The findings of the report are presented in separate sections to facilitate navigation, but we encourage readers to explore the connections more holistically. Artificial intelligence offers a powerful set of innovative technologies, including generative AI. Generative AI optimizes knowledge and data to identify patterns and, where appropriate, combines data from diverse sources to generate new insights. In an increasingly interconnected science and policy landscape, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of how past and future research contributes to broader goals.