Academic literature on the topic 'Human Basic Needs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Human Basic Needs"
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ten Boom, Annemarie, and Karlijn F. Kuijpers. "Victims’ needs as basic human needs1." International Review of Victimology 18, no. 2 (February 9, 2012): 155–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269758011432060.
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Glover-Dell, Melanie. "Providing basic human needs." Nursing Standard 4, no. 31 (April 25, 1990): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.4.31.42.s40.
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Izarali, M. Raymond. "Mitigating Globalization with Basic Human Rights to Protect Basic Human Needs." Global Studies Journal 3, no. 4 (2011): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1835-4432/cgp/v03i04/40737.
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King, Loren A. "Economic Growth and Basic Human Needs." International Studies Quarterly 42, no. 2 (June 1998): 385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2478.00087.
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Goldstein, Joshua S. "Basic human needs: The plateau curve." World Development 13, no. 5 (May 1985): 595–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(85)90024-5.
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Gleick, Peter H. "Basic Water Requirements for Human Activities: Meeting Basic Needs." Water International 21, no. 2 (June 1996): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508069608686494.
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Bradshaw, York W., and Bruce E. Moon. "The Political Economy of Basic Human Needs." Contemporary Sociology 22, no. 1 (January 1993): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2075004.
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Barker, Paul. "The political economy of basic human needs." International Affairs 69, no. 2 (April 1993): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621641.
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Dixon, William J., and Bruce E. Moon. "The Military Burden and Basic Human Needs." Journal of Conflict Resolution 30, no. 4 (December 1986): 660–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002786030004004.
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Swaminathan, M. S. "Science in Response to Basic Human Needs." Science 287, no. 5452 (January 21, 2000): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5452.425.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Human Basic Needs"
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Juenke, Eric. "Beyond GNP: Economic Freedom as a Determinant of Basic Human Needs." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3334/.
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Research concerning ‘basic needs' in the Human Rights literature has consistently found a positive and significant relationship between measures of wealth and basic needs provision. This study utilizes a relatively new measure of economic freedom to test hypotheses regarding general macro-economic policy decisions and basic needs outcomes. A pooled dataset of 138 countries over four years is examined using OLS panel regression controlling for both' year' and ‘country,' in a standard basic needs model. Consistent and systematic differences between economic freedom effects in OECD nations and non-OECD nations are revealed. The Economic Freedom Index has both theoretical and empirical advantages over previous measures of wealth and economic freedom, allowing human rights scholars to test specific economic policy decisions as they affect basic needs outcomes.
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Lock, Sara-Lina. "Quantifying human needs? : A case study of the Swedish disability policy concerning personal assistance support for basic needs." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177560.
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This case study aimed to do a critical, intersectional, policy analysis of a disability policy regarding personal assistance support for basic human needs in everyday life. In January 2019, a comprehensive preparatory report about new suggestions was presented by the Swedish Government. This caused many reactions from disability rights organisations. One particular topic became heated and criticized in the debates, namely interpretations of the legal texts about personal assistance support concerning help with breathing and nutrition feeding. I have analysed interpretations of this legal text in the preparatory report, referral response and its result in the Government bill. The analysis shows problematic, normative understandings about the body and how a specific integrity demand have affected whether a person has been entitled to personal assistance to support their basic needs. Cost efficiency, quantification, and measurable goals are increasingly visible in the Swedish welfare society. People with disabilities and their entitlement to assistance have decreased for the sake of productivity and cost reductions. An intersectional perspective of the policy’s legal texts illustrates how it lacks an essential understanding of human values. There is a need for a deeper perspective of empathy to see that basic human needs are non-measurable.
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Al, sari Abdulrahman M. "Land development as a response to basic human needs : the case of Islamic city." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26076.
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This thesis is an attempt to understand the driving forces in the formation of Islamic cities. Similarity between Islamic cities especially in their organic morphology was a result of several systems that worked coherently to produce the physical product in their built environment. In general, the thesis aims to explore and understand the systems that were behind the formation and transformation of the traditional Islamic city. In order to achieve this goal the research in particular will aim to understand Sharia as the general law that controlled people's life in the traditional city, explore the theory of the basic human needs in Sharia, study the concept of individuality in Muslims life and its reflections on the built environment, analyse the individual role verses the state role in the traditional city and establish a relationship between both parties that preserve the values of the traditional city and may be applicable within the contemporary city. Sharia, the general law that controlled people's life in the traditional city formed an umbrella for all systems within the society including those related to land development. The main objectives of Sharia are to fulfil basic human necessities. These necessities are religion, life, property, intellect and posterity. Sharia preserved these necessities in three levels of interest. This preservation was accomplished from two sides, the State and the individual. The State is obliged to fulfil needs for all individuals according to levels of priority and according to its ability. Individuals fulfil their personal needs driven by internal motivation and by the obligations of Sharia. The thesis raises the declining role of the individual in land development and the problem of exchanging roles between the state and the individual in land development which leads to more obligations on the state and prevents the individual from preserving his basic needs that are related to land development. The individual represented the module of the society; and hence, the module of the built environment. This individuality appeared very clearly in the land ownership pattern of the traditional city. In the land development process individuals always enjoyed a direct access to land, which worked as a great incentive for them to develop it in order to fulfil their basic needs. On the contrary, the State controls all undeveloped land in the contemporary city and it is no longer readily accessible to any more individuals. The author invests the great effort made by Ash Shatibi (1320 -1388) who developed the theory of Magasid Ash Sharia ( Sahria objectives) in order to create a model that relates the human basic needs to the role of the individual and the role of the state. The model explains the balanced relationship between the State's role and the individual's role in land development in the traditional city which can be adapted in the contemporary city. This model assumes that the two parties, state and individual, share responsibility in preserving the human basic needs, particularly in land development. But each party has a different role. The model is built on a basic needs theory driven from Sharia that classifies the needs in three categories; primary, secondary and tertiary. These needs are expressed as interests in the theory. These interests protect the five fundamental necessities that are religion, life, property, intellect and posterity. The model suggests that the state is to exert its abilities to the utmost to provide primary needs to all individuals, lesser of secondary needs and least of tertiary needs. The state is also responsible to create the appropriate environment that enables individuals and private corporations to interact positively in order to achieve the basic needs in any of the three levels of needs. On the other hand the individuals will carry out the mission of preserving their needs driven by their own motivation. Individual's primary needs are of great importance but less in quantity, secondary needs may be higher in quantity but less important and tertiary needs are least of importance but have no ceiling quantity wise. The thesis consists of three sections and an introduction. The first section, Individuality in traditional and contemporary city, consists of two chapters: 1) Individuality and 2) The author's experience "loss of the individual role ". The second section, Land development as a response to human basic needs, consists of three chapters: 1) Basic human needs, 2) Land development in the traditional city and 3) Role of the state verses role of the individual. The third section, Results, consists of two chapters: 1) The model and 2) Conclusion.
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Tuson, Kim M. "On the nature of basic human needs: The desire for self-consistency versus self-growth." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10292.
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Swann's (1983, 1987, 1990) self-verification theory assumes that people are invested in preserving a stable and unchanging sense of self, and that they do so by interacting with others who treat them in a manner consistent with their sense of self. Deci and Ryan's (1985, 1987, 1991) self-determination theory assumes that people are intrinsically oriented towards seeking growth and progressive change in their sense of self, and that it is by interacting with others who support their autonomy that these growth strivings are best satisfied. Two pilot studies and three full-scale studies tested (a) whether self-consistency versus self-growth needs govern people's preferences for who they interact with, and (b) the kinds of consequences that ensue from such interactions. Globally, we hypothesized that if Swann's self-verification theory holds true, self-determined individuals will prefer to interact with others who are also self-determined in their motivation, and who are autonomy-supportive in their interpersonal style. Nonself-determined individuals, on the other hand, will prefer interactions with others who are nonself-determined in their motivation, and rather directive and controlling in their interpersonal style. By contrast, we anticipated that if Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory holds true, all persons, regardless of their motivational orientation, will prefer to interact with others who are relatively self-determined in their motivation and autonomy-supportive in their interpersonal style. In line with Swann's self-verification theory, results of Pilot Study 2, Study 2, and Study 3 indicated that subjects preferred to interact with others who were similar to themselves. Specifically, when we examined the similarity between university students and their two closest university friends in terms of their motivation for attending school, findings indicated that self-determined students preferred to associate with friends who were significantly more self-determined than the friends of nonself-determined students (Pilot Study 2, Study 2). Similarly, when we examined married and common-law couples' motivation for being involved in their relationship, a significant correlation emerged between their motivational orientations (Study 3). In both cases, the pattern of results held up whether we considered actual motivation similarity or perceived motivation similarity between subjects and their relationship partners. Despite the fact that subjects chose to affiliate with others similar to themselves, results of Pilot Study 1, Study 1, and Study 3, revealed that such types of interactions were not the kind that subjects would prefer to have, nor the kind that were associated with superior relationship outcomes. In line with Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory, when students were presented with descriptions of two types of teaching styles--one autonomy-supportive, the other directive and controlling--students of both motivational orientations indicated a clear preference for the autonomy-supportive teaching style (Pilot Study 1, Study 1). When asked which of the two teaching styles they considered to be more effective, students again judged the autonomy-supportive teaching style to be superior (Study 1). Finally, when couples were asked to rate the quality of their relationship, they reported greater adaptiveness in their couple behaviors, more commitment towards their relationship, and higher levels of happiness within their relationship to the extent that their motivation towards the relationship was self-determined and that their partner was perceived to be autonomy-supportive (Study 3). Results are discussed in terms of reconciling this apparent difference between what people seem to want (self-growth) and what people seem to do (self-consistency).
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Milner, Wesley T. "Progress or Decline: International Political Economy and Basic Human Rights." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2180/.
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This dissertation is a cross-national, empirical study of human rights conditions in a dynamic international political economy. The scope of the examination covers 176 developed and developing countries from 1980 through 1993. Through evaluating the numerous theoretical aspects of human rights conceptualization, I draw upon Shue's framework and consider whether there are indeed "basic rights" and which rights should fit into this category. Further, I address the debate between those who claim that these rights are truly universal (applying to all nations and individuals) and those who argue that the validity of a moral right is relative to indigenous cultures. In a similar vein, I empirically investigate whether various human rights are interdependent and indivisible, as some scholars argue, or whether there are inherent trade-offs between various rights provisions. In going beyond the fixation on a single aspect of human rights, I broadly investigate subsistence rights, security rights and political and economic freedom. While these have previously been addressed separately, there are virtually no studies that consider them together and the subsequent linkages between them. Ultimately, a pooled time-series cross-section model is developed that moves beyond the traditional concentration on security rights (also know as integrity of the person rights) and focuses on the more controversial subsistence rights (also known as basic human needs). By addressing both subsistence and security rights, I consider whether certain aspects of the changing international political economy affect these two groups of rights in different ways. A further delineation is made between OECD and non-OECD countries. The primary international focus is on the effects of global integration and the end of the Cold War. Domestic explanations that are connected with globalization include economic freedom, income inequality and democratization. These variables are subjected to bivariate and multivariate hypothesis testing including bivariate correlations, analysis of variance, and multiple OLS regression with robust standard errors.
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Rundström, Isabelle. "Att få och slippa : Motiven bakom friluftsliv." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-25399.
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Tidigare undersökningar av motivationen att utöva friluftsliv har identifierat motiv som social samvaro, fysisk aktivitet, naturupplevelser och avkoppling, dock har området mest berörts i samband med planering och förvaltning av naturområden. Den här studien har undersökt motiv bakom människans friluftslivsutövande i syfte att förstå dessa drivkrafter i relation till mänskliga behov. Studien bestod av 31 deltagare från olika delar av Sverige, i åldrarna 22-75 med varierande sysselsättning, friluftslivs-utbildning, civilstatus och nationalitet, varav 16 kvinnor. Data samlades in genom att deltagarna fick skriva berättelser om sin motivation. Det insamlade materialet meningskoncentrerades och analysen resulterade i att tre abstrakta motiv kunde urskiljas: (1) att komma bort från något, samt (2) att få inre och (3) yttre stimulans. Utövandet har visat sig tillfredsställa flertalet behov och främjar på så vis välmående. Vidare bidrar studien till kunskap om vad den friluftsaktiva individen upplever att hon behöver. Resultaten stämmer väl överens med tidigare forskning.
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Tomalty, Jesse. "On subsistence and human rights." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2556.
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The central question I address is whether the inclusion of a right to subsistence among human rights can be justified. The human right to subsistence is conventionally interpreted as a fundamental right to a basic living standard characterized as having access to the material means for subsistence. It is widely thought to entail duties of protection against deprivation and duties of assistance in acquiring access to the material means for subsistence (Shue 1996, Nickel, 2004, Griffin 2008). The inclusion of a right to subsistence among human rights interpreted in this way has been met with considerable resistance, particularly on the part of those who argue that fundamental rights cannot entail positive duties (Cranston 1983, Narveson 2004, O’Neill 1996, 2000, 2005). My purpose in this dissertation is to consider whether a plausible interpretation of the human right to subsistence can succeed in overcoming the most forceful and persistent objections to it. My main thesis is that a minimal interpretation of the human right to subsistence according to which it is a right not to be deprived of access to the means for subsistence provides the strongest interpretation of this right. Although the idea that the human right to subsistence correlates with negative duties is not new, discussion of these duties has been overshadowed in the literature by debate over the positive duties conventionally thought to be entailed by it. I show that the human right to subsistence interpreted as a right not to be deprived of access to the means for subsistence makes an important contribution to reasoning about the normative implications of global poverty.
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Jammeh, Ebou. "What could be a peacemaking strategy based on relative deprivation and provention perspective in Casamance?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27342.
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The Casamance conflict for decades has been unable to produce a sustained peace settlement. This project utilised among others, the relative deprivation and basic human needs satisfaction theories respectively and concludes that the conflict is underpinned by relative deprivation, strongly felt and driven by the elite group. Both the current phase as well as in the past, the conflict has been driven and to an extent manipulated by these elite, motivated by self-empowerment. Masked under the struggle of a relatively deprived masses into collective violence, seeded in a classic social conflict of a type rooted in stereotyping, marginalisation and underdevelopment, primarily driven by basic human needs dissatisfaction expressed in terms of the levels of poverty. These stemmed in part from the colonial pass which set into motion the continuous suppression and segregation of the Casamance region. In particular, of the Diola ethnic identity thus, the conflict’s ethno nationalists dimension. This research presents a deprivation approach strategy to peace making, which among other factors includes addressing the socioeconomic and political causes of the conflict and also one that underscores the relevance of a credible third party involvement to resolving the dispute between a fractured MFDC and a reluctant Government of Senegal.
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Dineen, Christina. "Interrogating need : on the role of need in matters of justice." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33124.
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Need is a concept that carries intuitive appeal in moral decision-making. As it stands, need is relatively under-theorised, given its currency not just in philosophical argumentation but in news coverage, charitable appeals, and political practice. Need claims carry compelling normative force, and they are amenable to widespread support as our most basic needs are some of the things we most transparently share with our fellow human beings. However, how should we understand that normative force? Is need best understood to compel us as a matter of justice? I begin my account by considering the kind of need relevant to the project. I build from an understanding of need as a three-place relation, which is by its nature needing for a purpose. I suggest that morally important needs are those which aim at the objective interests that all people have in virtue of what is good for each of us qua human beings ('non-arbitrary needs'). Further, I distinguish the existentially urgent subset of those non-arbitrary needs as 'basic needs.' Given this understanding, I consider how basic needs theory relates to its conceptual neighbours. I focus on capabilities as the nearest neighbours, but also comment on wants, interests, and rights. I judge that the theories developed by Martha Nussbaum (capabilities) and Len Doyal and Ian Gough (needs) benefit from a complementary reading, with each supplementing the other. I then draw from Amartya Sen's early writings on capabilities to ultimately see capabilities and needs as two sides of the same coin. This helps to situate needs theory in relation to a mainstream branch of political theory more generally, and indicates that we can recognise the special significance of needs without eschewing other morally important categories. I then move to establish a scope of justice that allows us to distinguish between duties of justice and other moral duties. If we think that duties of beneficence are weak and optional, whereas duties of justice are binding and enforceable, a great deal rides on how we characterise our duties to the global poor. I offer a 'moral enforceability' account, claiming that duties of justice are those which are, in principle, morally enforceable. It is the in-principle enforceability of justice duties which gives them teeth. Returning to need, I then ask how another's need comes to give me a moral reason for action. I canvas a range of existing accounts, many of which furnish important insights. I then propose that it is the morally relevant capacities of the being in need which gives them moral status such that their needing is morally significant. We are morally required to answer this need with responsiveness, as a demonstration of appropriate respect for the sort of being that the human in need is. If this is right, we are morally required to be responsive to need, even if we are not always required to reduce it. Finally, I bring the diverse strands of the foregoing argument together to return to the relationship between need and justice. I consider what a duty of responsiveness might amount to in practice, and suggest that our duties of responsiveness are best thought of as collective duties, grounded in the capacity of the global well-off to contribute. Further, I argue that duties of responsiveness are a matter of justice, as they are the sort of duties that are, in principle, morally enforceable. A wide range of threats to the necessary conditions for human flourishing, and even human life, are on the horizon, and many of these are uniquely collective challenges. The seriousness of those challenges, and the extent to which we have treated our responsibilities to those in need as discretionary in the past, means collective action and problem solving are called for when there are no easy answers.
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Bennett, Robert Michael Jr. "Enhancing Our Understanding of Human Poverty: An Examination of the Relationship Between Income Poverty and Material Hardship." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1499951912807792.
Full textBooks on the topic "Human Basic Needs"
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Feldman, Jean R. Basic needs. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Pub., 2010.
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Ian, Gough, ed. A theory of human need. New York: Guilford Press, 1991.
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Bryan, Davis John, and O'Boyle Edward J. 1937-, eds. The social economics of human material need. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1994.
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Basic Human Needs and International Development Conference (1985 Bluffton, Ohio). Proceedings: Basic human needs and international development conference. [S.l: s.n., 1985.
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Gerhard, Schaefer, and International Union of Biological Sciences. Commission for Biological Education., eds. Basic human needs: An interdisciplinary and international view. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1992.
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Konopka, Gisela. A renewed look at human development, human needs, human services. Saint Paul, Minn: Center for Youth Development and Research, College of Home Economics, University of Minnesota, 1985.
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Galtung, Johan. Human rights in another key. Oxford: Polity Press, 1994.
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Moon, Bruce Edward. The political economy of basic human needs. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.
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Security, Commission on Human, ed. Human security now. New York: Commission on Human Security, 2003.
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Nowak, Manfred, and Ursula Werther-Pietsch. All human rights for all: Vienna guidebook on peaceful and inclusive societies : a project in the framework of the Vienna Human Rights Master. Vienna, Austria: NWV Verlag GmbH, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Human Basic Needs"
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Mitchell, Christopher. "Necessitous Man and Conflict Resolution: More Basic Questions About Basic Human Needs Theory." In Conflict: Human Needs Theory, 149–76. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21000-8_8.
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Schaber, Peter. "Human Rights and Basic Needs." In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 109–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8672-0_8.
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Rubenstein, Richard E. "Basic Human Needs Theory: Beyond Natural Law." In Conflict: Human Needs Theory, 336–55. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21000-8_17.
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Narvaez, Darcia. "Basic Needs and Fulfilling Human Potential." In Basic Needs, Wellbeing and Morality, 135–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97734-8_5.
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Møller, Valerie, and Benjamin J. Roberts. "Basic Needs and Well-Being." In Human Well-Being Research and Policy Making, 35–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65788-8_6.
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Bronkhorst, Ruud. "Ethics: Human Rights and Basic Needs." In The Economics of Human Rights, 7–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59166-3_2.
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Curry, Robert L. "Basic Human Needs and the African State." In The African State in Transition, 263–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18886-4_12.
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Choi, Ajin, and Jihwan Hwang. "Basic Human Needs: Identity and Intractable Conflict." In Identity, Trust, and Reconciliation in East Asia, 139–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54897-5_6.
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Gough, Ian. "Basic Income: Real Freedom for All?" In Global Capital, Human Needs and Social Policies, 203–17. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230289093_9.
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Rosh, Robert M. "Militarization, Human Rights and Basic Needs in the Third World." In Human Rights, 190–204. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10122-1_12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Human Basic Needs"
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Tang, Jian, and Ping Zhang. "Gamification and Basic Human Needs in Information Technology Design." In the 3rd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3265689.3265695.
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Qu, Zhaoxia, and Jing Song. "Analysis of Human Needs under Basic Principles of Marxism." In 2015 International Conference on Education Reform and Modern Management. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ermm-15.2015.72.
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Taz, Iftifar, Amran Ahmed, and Nova Ahmed. "An improved and interactive system to fulfill basic human healthcare needs." In 2016 19th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccitechn.2016.7860254.
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Manzano-Sánchez, David, and Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela. "Differences between students according to physical activity and their motivation, basic psychological needs and responsibility." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2018 - Spring Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.13.proc2.06.
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Bopp-Bertenbreiter, Valeria, Stefan Klein, Doreen Engelhardt, Lena Rittger, Frederik Diederichs, Harald Widlroither, and Matthias Peissner. "Eliciting potential for positive UX using psychological needs: Towards a user-centered method to identify technologies for UX in the car interior." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001691.
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Positive user experiences (PUX) in the vehicle interior will be enabled by choosing the technologies with the potential to provide such experiences. Design for PUX in general exists, but methods to assess and compare technologies regarding their PUX potential are missing. Building on the insight that fulfillment of basic psychological needs may lead to PUX (Hassenzahl et al., 2010), this paper presents the first iteration of the user-centered method Tec4UXNeeds. Tec4UXNeeds combines VR representations of technologies and half-structured interviews to identify PUX potential of technologies: which basic psychological needs a technology may fulfill and in which use cases the technology could be used to enable need fulfillment. The method is applied for two display technologies in a standardized within-subjects study (n = 27). The study investigates whether the method Tech4UX enables participants to describe whether a technology has a potential to fulfill psychological needs for them and whether the method is specific enough to find differences in need fulfillment potential between technologies described by participants.Preliminary results identified distinct levels of need fulfillment for the first and second display technology (Display on Demand & Holography). Data will be analyzed further using qualitative content analysis. The method will be optimized iteratively in the future.
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Stüdeli, Thomas. "Ergonomic Recommendations for the Design of Pacifiers." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference (2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001283.
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Pacifiers are everyday companions for babies and toddlers. General safety requirements to reduce the risk of accidents with pacifiers are described in three European Standards (EN 1400-1/2/3 (2002)) and in the US Requirements for Pacifiers (1996). Next to these “general safety requirements” various recommendations on the use of pacifiers to reduce the risk of negative health effects have been formulated. In contrast to this, only few design recommendations for pacifiers have been published so far and most of them are focusing on or are limited to specific risks or user needs. This paper describes ergonomic design recommendations that have been derived from an analysis of the anatomical, physiological and psychological user needs. This work in the field of Ergonomics / Human Factors Engineering is based on literature search, screening of existing pacifier design solutions and interviews with parents and experts. Due to the fast development of infants and toddlers, the user needs on pacifiers are described age-dependent. The ergonomic design recommendations are written in the style of “general ergonomic requirements” focusing on the basic needs and well-being of the user and the usability of the product. These requirements should complement existing safety guidelines and use recommendations for pacifiers and aim to support the development of a new generation of pacifiers. To conclude, this paper describes some basic elements of a User Centered Design process for pacifiers for the redesign of an entire pacifier product family.
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Boiangiu, Costin anton, and Alina elena Luchian. "ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS ON THE EDUCATIONAL RESULTS: A CASE STUDY OF STUDENTS." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-017.
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The strongest type of motivation that leads a human being when it comes to solving our daily tasks is the intrinsic motivation. Contrary to extrinsic motivation which, in general terms, is guided by rewards or by the value and the importance we give to the things we have to do, the intrinsic motivation is much more powerful. This kind of motivation appears out of the significance of the work we do on a daily basis, without seeking a final reward. Over the years, the researchers have studied The Self-Determination Theory (STD) and tried to determine the conditions and the contexts that support, or on the contrary, repress this self-motivation process. They have reached the conclusion that there are three psychological needs that have a direct impact on the internal motivation and that are common to the human nature: autonomy, competence and relatedness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the connection between the fulfillment or the suppression of these three basic needs and the educational results. To prove this connection, a group of students was asked to fill in a questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first part contains a set of 5 questions regarding their academic achievements and performances during their student years. The second part includes a set of 21 questions: 7 questions assessing their autonomy, 6 questions regarding their competence and 8 questions concerning their relatedness, all of three needs in the context of the educational environment. The dataset consists of students enrolled in a bachelor's or master's degree program who have graded the percentages of their academic success in the first part and, on a scale from 1 to 7, the questions from the second part of the questionnaire. The results show a direct relationship between the academic performance and the level of satisfaction for the three basic needs. In other words, the students who don't feel their three basic psychological needs fulfilled tend to have lower educational outcomes than those who marked the questions with higher grades. Therefore, this study tries to emphasize the importance of nourishing the autonomy, the competence and the relatedness of the students in their educational context in order to achieve high academic performance and low failure rate.
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Wang, Yahui, and Chunrong Liu. "A DEMATEL Approach to Exploring Influencing Factors of the Elderly Satisfaction with Park Fitness Facilities." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001679.
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Healthy aging has risen to the strategic level of the government, and the fitness activities of the elderly has been widely valued by the public sector. Parks are the main places for the elderly to exercise, and the elderly satisfaction with park fitness facilities is regarded as an important topic. Based on Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs and previous research results, this paper conducted interviews with the elderly, and further determined 12 key factors affecting the elderly satisfaction with park fitness facilities. This study uses the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to conduct an empirical analysis of 12 influencing factors. According to the results of the data analysis, mental relaxation and social entertainment are the two most influential factors among 12 influencing factors. These two factors are located in the upper level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which indicates that the basic needs of the elderly for park fitness facilities have been met, and the basic fitness needs are not the main consideration of the elderly for their satisfaction. Through the analysis of experimental results, three strategies were proposed: (1)Space Design needs to be taken seriously, so that functional space division and soft partitions are necessary; (2)Park fitness facility adopts the concept of service design, which allows the elderly to have a higher level of satisfaction through a process-oriented experience; (3)The body size of the elderly needs to be taken into account in the design phase of the park fitness facilities.
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Wong, Po Kee. "Basic Needs of Human Beings As the Purposes and Foundations for the Existence of Governing Institutions and the Advancement of Science and Technology." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/ts-23408.
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Abstract This paper summarizes the most recent advancement of space technologies and its impacts to our social-economic management systems based on the needs of energies by all human beings for survival. The paper contains two subsections as a part for the solution of the educational and social-economic problems. The one with education is entitled “EVIDENCES OF IMPACTS AND RESISTANCES TO IMPLEMENT A CONTROVERSIAL, SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT” and the other is entitled “FORMULATION OF THE PHYSICAL ECONOMIC THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION IN COST AND PRICE ANALYSIS FOR CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATIONS”.
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Lunyak, I. I. "REVIEW OF EUROPEAN RESEARCH ON CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH." In webinar. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/es-2020/03.
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Current climate changes have a significant impact on the human health and life quality. Negative factors of climate change threaten basic health components that human needs, such as clean air, safe drinking water, food safety, hygiene and sanitary living conditions, and can sweep away decades of progress in the field of health care protection. Strategies for climate change adaptation, directed at the GHG reduction, provide co-benefits that significantly reduce health-care expenditures.
Reports on the topic "Human Basic Needs"
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Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.
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The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
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Rohwerder, Brigitte. Inclusion of Marginalised Groups in Social Assistance in Crises. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.023.
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Leave no one behind is the central, transformative promise of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), aimed at reaching the poorest and combating discrimination and (multiple and intersecting) inequalities that undermine people’s human rights. The importance of leaving no one behind is vital in contexts of recurrent shocks, climate and humanitarian crises, protracted conflict, and forced displacement that cause disruption, deprivation, and a lack of access to basic needs. Crises often exacerbate existing inequalities and vulnerabilities for socially excluded and marginalised people, including women and girls, children and youth, older people, people with disabilities, ethnic and religious minorities, and sexual and gender minorities. Social assistance, in the form of government provided or humanitarian assistance, seeks to alleviate crisis impacts. The structures, systems, and barriers that exclude some people generally can also exclude them from social assistance in crises. Such exclusion, both before and during a crisis, can increase deprivation, reduce resilience to shocks, and exacerbate protection risks by increasing people’s vulnerability to exploitation and abuse. Crises, consequently, can disproportionately impact marginalised people. A lack of inclusive social assistance programming thus undermines rights, ethics, and effectiveness in crises – as explored in this summary briefing of the three BASIC Research working papers on inclusion.
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Czajka, Leo, Florence Kondylis, Bassirou Sarr, and Mattea Stein. Data Management at the Senegalese Tax Authority: Insights from a Long-term Research Collaboration. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.020.
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As they increasingly adopt digital infrastructure, public administrations worldwide are increasingly collecting, generating and managing data. Empirical researchers are, at the same time, collaborating more and more with administrations, accessing vast amounts of data, and setting new research agendas. These collaborations have taken place in low-income countries in particular, where administrative data can be a valuable substitute for scarce survey data. However, the transition to a full-fledged digital administration can be a long and difficult process, sharply contrasting the common leap-frog narrative. Based on observations made during a five-year research collaboration with the Senegalese tax administration, this qualitative case study discusses the main data management challenges the tax administration faces. Much progress has recently been made with the modernisation of the administration’s digital capacity ,and adoption of e-filling and e-payment systems. However, there remains substantial scope for the administration to enhance data management and improve its efficiency in performing basic tasks, such as the identification of active taxpayers or the detection of various forms of non-compliance. In particular, there needs to be sustained investment in human resources specifically trained in data analysis. Recently progress has been made through creating – in collaboration with the researchers – a ‘datalab’ that now works to improve processes to collect, clean, merge and use data to improve revenue mobilisation.
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Journeay, M., J. Z. K. Yip, C. L. Wagner, P. LeSueur, and T. Hobbs. Social vulnerability to natural hazards in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330295.
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While we are exposed to the physical effects of natural hazard processes, certain groups within a community often bear a disproportionate share of the negative consequences when a disaster strikes. This study addresses questions of why some places and population groups in Canada are more vulnerable to natural hazard processes than others, who is most likely to bear the greatest burden of risk within a given community or region, and what are the underlying factors that disproportionally affect the capacities of individuals and groups to withstand, cope with, and recover from the impacts and downstream consequences of a disaster. Our assessment of social vulnerability is based on principles and analytic methods established as part of the Hazards of Place model (Hewitt et al., 1971; Cutter, 1996), and a corresponding framework of indicators derived from demographic information compiled as part of the 2016 national census. Social determinants of hazard threat are evaluated in the context of backbone patterns that are associated with different types of human settlement (i.e., metropolitan, rural, and remote), and more detailed patterns of land use that reflect physical characteristics of the built environment and related functions that support the day-to-day needs of residents and businesses at the community level. Underlying factors that contribute to regional patterns of social vulnerability are evaluated through the lens of family structure and level of community connectedness (social capital); the ability of individuals and groups to take actions on their own to manage the outcomes of unexpected hazard events (autonomy); shelter conditions that will influence the relative degree of household displacement and reliance on emergency services (housing); and the economic means to sustain the requirements of day-to-day living (e.g., shelter, food, water, basic services) during periods of disruption that can affect employment and other sources of income (financial agency). Results of this study build on and contribute to ongoing research and development efforts within Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) to better understand the social and physical determinants of natural hazard risk in support of emergency management and broader dimensions of disaster resilience planning that are undertaken at a community level. Analytic methods and results described in this study are made available as part of an Open Source platform and provide a base of evidence that will be relevant to emergency planners, local authorities and supporting organizations responsible for managing the immediate physical impacts of natural hazard events in Canada, and planners responsible for the integration of disaster resilience principles into the broader context of sustainable land use and community development at the municipal level.
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Batliwala, Srilatha. Transformative Feminist Leadership: What It Is and Why It Matters. United Nations University International Institute of Global Health, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2022/2.
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The words of ancient Chinese philosopher Lao Tsu make the simplest, yet most profound, case for transformation – a change of direction, a fundamental shift in the nature or character of something, recasting the existing order and ways of doing things. This is what the world needs now, as institutions and systems of the past century prove unable to address the challenges of impending planetary disaster, persistent poverty, pandemics, rising fundamentalism and authoritarianism, wars, and everyday violence. Against a background of a worldwide backlash against women’s rights, gender parity in leadership positions – in legislatures, corporations, or civil society – has proved inadequate, as women in these roles often reproduce dominant patriarchal leadership models or propagate ideologies and policies that do not actually advance equality or universal human rights. What is required is truly transformative, visionary leadership, whereby new paradigms, relationships and structures are constructed on the basis of peace, planetary health, and social and economic justice.
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Yaari, Menahem, Elhanan Helpman, Ariel Weiss, Nathan Sussman, Ori Heffetz, Hadas Mandel, Avner Offer, et al. Sustainable Well-Being in Israel. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52873/policy.2021.wellbeing-en.
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Well-being is a common human aspiration. Governments and states, too, seek to promote and ensure the well-being of their citizens; some even argue that this should be their overarching goal. But it is not enough for a country to flourish, and for its citizens to enjoy well-being, if the situation cannot be maintained over the long term. Well-being must be sustainable. The state needs criteria for assessing the well-being of its citizens, so that it can work to raise the well-being level. Joining many other governments around the world, the Israeli government adopted a comprehensive set of indices for measuring well-being in 2015. Since 2016, the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics has been publishing the assessment results on an annual basis. Having determined that the monitoring of well-being in Israel should employ complementary indices relating to its sustainability, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Bank of Israel, the Central Bureau of Statistics, and Yad Hanadiv asked the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities to establish an expert committee to draft recommendations on this issue. The Academy's assistance was sought in recognition of its statutory authority "to advise the government on activities relating to research and scientific planning of national significance." The Committee was appointed by the President of the Academy, Professor Nili Cohen, in March 2017; its members are social scientists spanning a variety of disciplines. This report presents the Committee's conclusions. Israel's ability to ensure the well-being of its citizens depends on the resources or capital stocks available to it, in particular its economic, natural, human, social, and cultural resources. At the heart of this report are a mapping of these resources, and recommendations for how to measure them.
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Rajarajan, Kunasekaran, Alka Bharati, Hirdayesh Anuragi, Arun Kumar Handa, Kishor Gaikwad, Nagendra Kumar Singh, Kamal Prasad Mohapatra, et al. Status of perennial tree germplasm resources in India and their utilization in the context of global genome sequencing efforts. World Agroforestry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20050.pdf.
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Tree species are characterized by their perennial growth habit, woody morphology, long juvenile period phase, mostly outcrossing behaviour, highly heterozygosity genetic makeup, and relatively high genetic diversity. The economically important trees have been an integral part of the human life system due to their provision of timber, fruit, fodder, and medicinal and/or health benefits. Despite its widespread application in agriculture, industrial and medicinal values, the molecular aspects of key economic traits of many tree species remain largely unexplored. Over the past two decades, research on forest tree genomics has generally lagged behind that of other agronomic crops. Genomic research on trees is motivated by the need to support genetic improvement programmes mostly for food trees and timber, and develop diagnostic tools to assist in recommendation for optimum conservation, restoration and management of natural populations. Research on long-lived woody perennials is extending our molecular knowledge and understanding of complex life histories and adaptations to the environment, enriching a field that has traditionally drawn its biological inference from a few short-lived herbaceous species. These concerns have fostered research aimed at deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are related to the adaptive value of trees. This review summarizes the highlights of tree genomics and offers some priorities for accelerating progress in the next decade.
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Oduncu, Arif. Country Diagnostic Study – The Kyrgyz Republic. Islamic Development Bank Institute, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/rp21001.
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The Country Diagnostic Study (CDS) for the Kyrgyz Republic uses the Hausmann-Rodrik-Velasco growth diagnostics model to identify the binding constraints being faced in its quest for higher and more sustained economic growth and make recommendations to relax these constraints. Hence, the findings of the CDS can help the Islamic Development Bank in identifying areas where it can have a greater impact and provide an evidence-basis to support the development of the Member Country Partnership Strategy (MCPS). During the last two decades, the Kyrgyz Republic has recorded low performance in economic development. The country recorded only 3.0 percent of average annual Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)-adjusted Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita growth from 2000 to 2019. The Kyrgyz Republic is facing several economic and social problems that are challenging its economic development model. This CDS report shows that the most binding constraints to inclusive and sustainable growth include i) low human capital, ii) poor infrastructure, iii) government and market failures, and iv) high cost of capital. The Kyrgyz development model’s performance is a subject of concern not only for the government and other local stakeholders but also for the technical and financial partners of the Kyrgyz Republic, including the Islamic Development Bank. The MCPS aims to contribute to the global efforts made by the Kyrgyz Republic to meet its economic and social needs through leveraging opportunities offered by the new business model of the Bank. Given the Kyrgyz Republic’s positives, the Bank can consider financing transport, energy and ICT infrastructure projects and supporting manufacturing and agricultural sectors to assist economic growth.
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Sillah, Bukhari. Country Diagnostic Study – United Arab Emirates. Islamic Development Bank Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/rp21002.
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The Country Diagnostic Study (CDS) for United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) uses the Hausmann-Rodrik-Velasco growth diagnostics model to identify the binding constraints being faced in its quest for higher economic growth and make recommendations to relax these constraints. Hence, the findings of the CDS can help the Islamic Development Bank in identifying areas where it can have a greater impact and provide an evidence basis to support the development of the Member Country Partnership Strategy. U.A.E.’s development journey has been painstakingly crafted over time, with the latest being Vision 2021. Launched in 2010 and in the aftermath of the global financial crisis (GFC), Vision 2021 was designed to place the U.A.E. among the best nations in the world. It has achieved several targets under the competitive knowledge pillar of the Vision, but some key targets related to economic growth, innovation, and knowledge workers are yet to be fully realized. This is because growth has been low and inadequate with relatively low private investment since the 2008–2009 GFC, leading to a lower than potential real GDP trend. To bring in private investment and improve growth, both quantity and quality of human capital may need to be scaled up through improving the education system and spending on research and development to support industry-university collaboration on innovations. Efficient institutional governance in the areas of corruption control, regulatory quality and conducive bureaucracy is necessary for the vibrant functioning of the private sector.
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Kanner, Joseph, Edwin Frankel, Stella Harel, and Bruce German. Grapes, Wines and By-products as Potential Sources of Antioxidants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7568767.bard.
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Several grape varieties and red wines were found to contain large concentration of phenolic compounds which work as antioxidant in-vitro and in-vivo. Wastes from wine production contain antioxidants in large amounts, between 2-6% on dry material basis. Red wines but also white wines were found to prevent lipid peroxidation of turkey muscle tissues stored at 5oC. The antioxidant reaction of flavonoids found in red wines against lipid peroxidation were found to depend on the structure of the molecule. Red wine flavonoids containing an orthodihydroxy structure around the B ring were found highly active against LDL and membrane lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant activity of red wine polyphenols were also found to be dependent on the catalyzer used. In the presence of H2O2-activated myoglobin, the inhibition efficiency was malvidin 3-glucoside>catechin>malvidin>resveratol. However, in the presence of an iron redox cycle catalyzer, the order of effectiveness was resveratol>malvidin 3-glucoside = malvidin>catechin. Differences in protein binding were found to affect antioxidant activity in inhibiting LDL oxidation. A model protein such as BSA, was investigated on the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, grape extracts, and red wines in a lecithin-liposome model system. Ferulic acid followed by malvidin and rutin were the most efficient in inhibiting both lipid and protein oxidation. Catechin, a flavonal found in red-wines in relatively high concentration was found to inhibit myoglobin catalyzed linoleate membrane lipid peroxidation at a relatively very low concentration. This effect was studied by the determination of the by-products generated from linoleate during oxidation. The study showed that hydroperoxides are catalytically broken down, not to an alcohol but most probably to a non-radical adduct. The ability of wine-phenolics to reduce iron and from complexes with metals were also demonstrated. Low concentration of wine phenolics were found to inhibit lipoxygenase type II activity. An attempt to understand the bioavailability in humans of antocyanins from red wine showed that two antocyanins from red wine were found unchanged in human urine. Other antocyanins seems to undergo molecular modification. In hypercholesterolemic hamsters, aortic lipid deposition was significantly less in animals fed diets supplemented with either catechin or vitamin E. The rate of LDL accumulation in the carotid arteries was also significantly lower in the catechin and vitamin E animal groups. These results suggested a novel mechanism by which wine phenolics are associated with decreased risk of coronary heart diseases. This study proves in part our hypothesis that the "French Paradox" could be explained by the action of the antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds found at high concentration in red wines. The results of this study argue that it is in the interest of public health to increase the consumption of dietary plant falvonoids. Our results and these from others, show that the consumption of red wine or plant derived polyphenolics can change the antioxidant tone of animal and human plasma and its isolated components towards oxidative reactions. However, we need more research to better understand bioavailability and the mechanism of how polyphenolics affect health and disease.