Dissertations / Theses: 'Human-automated systems'

1

Bass, Ellen J. "Human-automated judgment learning : a research paradigm based on interpersonal learning to investigate human interaction with automated judgments of hazards." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25498.

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2

Twyman, Nathan W. "Automated Human Screening for Detecting Concealed Knowledge." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222874.

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Screening individuals for concealed knowledge has traditionally been the purview of professional interrogators investigating a crime. But the ability to detect when a person is hiding important information would be of high value to many other fields and functions. This dissertation proposes design principles for and reports on an implementation and empirical evaluation of a non-invasive, automated system for human screening. The screening system design (termed an automated screening kiosk or ASK) is patterned after a standard interviewing method called the Concealed Information Test (CIT), which is built on theories explaining psychophysiological and behavioral effects of human orienting and defensive responses. As part of testing the ASK proof of concept, I propose and empirically examine alternative indicators of concealed knowledge in a CIT. Specifically, I propose kinesic rigidity as a viable cue, propose and instantiate an automated method for capturing rigidity, and test its viability using a traditional CIT experiment. I also examine oculomotor behavior using a mock security screening experiment using an ASK system design. Participants in this second experiment packed a fake improvised explosive device (IED) in a bag and were screened by an ASK system. Results indicate that the ASK design, if implemented within a highly controlled framework such as the CIT, has potential to overcome barriers to more widespread application of concealed knowledge testing in government and business settings.

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3

Gao, Fei Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Modeling human attention and performance in automated environments with low task loading." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106592.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 211-225).
Automation has the benefit of reducing human operators' workload. By leveraging the power of computers and information technology, the work of human operators is becoming easier. However, when the workload is too low but the human is required to be present either by regulation or due to limitations of automation, human performance can be negatively affected. Negative consequences such as distraction, mind wandering, and inattention have been reported across many high risk settings including unmanned aerial vehicle operation, process control plant supervision, train engineers, and anesthesiologists. Because of the move towards more automated systems in the future, a better understanding is needed to enable intervention and mitigation of possible negative impacts. The objectives of this research are to systematically investigate the attention and performance of human operators when they interact with automated systems under low task load, build a dynamic model and use it to facilitate system design. A systems-based framework, called the Boredom Influence Diagram, was proposed to better understand the relationships between the various influences and outcomes of low task loading. A System Dynamics model, named the Performance and Attention with Low-task-loading (PAL) Model, was built based on this framework. The PAL model captures the dynamic changes of task load, attention, and performance over time in long duration low task loading automated environments. In order to evaluate the replication and prediction capability of the model, three dynamic hypotheses were proposed and tested using data from three experiments. The first hypothesis stated that attention decreases under low task load. This was supported by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of target searching using unmanned vehicles. Building on Hypothesis 1, the second and third hypotheses examined the impact of decreased attention on performance in responding to an emergency event. Hypothesis 2 was examined by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of accident response in nuclear power plant monitoring. Results showed that performance is worse with lower attention levels. Hypothesis 3 was tested by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of defensive target tracking. The results showed that the impact of decreased attention on performance was larger when the task was difficult. The process of testing these three hypotheses shows that the PAL model is a generalized theory that could explain behaviors under low task load in different supervisory control settings. Finally, benefits, limitations, generalizability and applications of the PAL model were evaluated. Further research is needed to improve and extend the PAL model, investigate individual differences to facilitate personnel selection, and develop system and task designs to mitigate negative consequences.
by Fei Gao.
Ph. D. in Engineering Systems

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4

Banks, Victoria A. "Human factors considerations in the design and development of highly automated driving systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/397266/.

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Increasing levels of automation within the driving task has seen the driver’s role change from an active operator to one of a passive monitor. However, systems design has been plagued by criticism for failing to acknowledge the new role of the driver within the system network. To further our understanding of the driver’s role within an automated driving system, the theory of Distributed Cognition was adopted. Distributed Cognition provides a useful framework for the investigation of task partitioning between multiple system agents. A novel Systems Design Framework has been developed as part of this thesis that utilises both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies within the Distributed Cognition paradigm. The framework is divided into two phases, the first phase requires an understanding of how individual system agents function to create models that show how these components share information using Operator Sequence Diagrams whilst empirical methods were used to validate these models in the second phase (e.g. Verbal Protocol Analysis and Network Analysis). These extension methodologies were useful in highlighting a number of design weaknesses, beyond the modelled technological components, that required modification to improve overall system design. The Systems Design Framework has been successfully applied to assist Systems Engineers with a foundation to design and conduct research into the human factors implications of different levels of automation within driving.

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Ravenel, John Bishop. "Applying human-machine interaction design principles to retrofit existing automated freight planning systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122253.

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Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 66-70).
With the increased application of cognitive computing across the spectrum of industries, companies strive to ready their people and machines for future system change. Based on resource constraints, business needs, and the speed of change, many companies may opt for system augmentation rather than the adoption of entirely new systems. At the same time, changes in technology are increasing at paces never before realized. Against this backdrop, human actors and machines are working together interactively in new and increasing ways. Further, recent business model innovations, particularly in the retail space, have cast focus on logistics execution as a potential major competitive advantage. In this context, we considered the conceptual question of how best to iteratively improve a logistics planning system, which is composed of both human and machine actors, to reduce transportation and labor costs and increase the ability of the organization to think and act strategically.
In order to front these current technological realities - the need to stage for agent based systems and cognitive computing, the likelihood of system retrofit over rebuild, the ever increasing rate of change, and the rapid intertwining of human and machine roles - we proposed using human-machine interaction (HMI) design paradigms to retrofit an existing loosely coupled human-machine planning system. While HMI principles are normally applied to tightly coupled systems such as jet airplanes, the HMI architectural design applied novelly in this case showed significant application to an existing loosely coupled planning system. In addition to meeting the realities of today's competitive landscape, the developed HMI framework is tailored to a retrofit situation and also meets resiliency considerations. That novel conceptual proposal of HMI frameworks to an existing loosely coupled joint cognitive planning system shows tremendous promise to address these imminent realities.
With regards to the particular freight planning system considered, 71% of manual interventions were caused by the wrong sourcing facility being assigned to supply pallets to a customer. The remaining intervention causes were carrier changes 18%, customer restrictions 9%, and one change prompted by a data discrepancy. Further, at a conceptual level, the application of HMI frameworks to an existing freight planning system was effective at isolating data and alignment incongruences, displayed lower communication costs than recurrent system rework processes, and tethered well with system resiliency factors.
by John Bishop Ravenel.
M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management
M.Eng.inSupplyChainManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program

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Basantis, Alexis Rae. "Assessing Alternate Approaches for Conveying Automated Vehicle Intentions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95219.

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Objectives: Research suggests the general public has a lack of faith in highly automated vehicles (HAV) stems from a lack of system transparency while in motion (e.g., the user not being informed on roadway perception or anticipated responses of the car in certain situations). This problem is particularly prevalent in public transit or ridesharing applications, where HAVs are expected to debut, and when the user has minimal training on, and control over, the vehicle. To improve user trust and their perception of comfort and safety, this study aimed to develop more detailed and tailored human-machine interfaces (HMI) aimed at relying automated vehicle intended actions (i.e., "intentions") and perceptions of the driving environment to the user. Methods: This project developed HMI systems, with a focus on visual and auditory displays, and implemented them into a HAV developed at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI). Volunteer participants were invited to the Smart Roads at VTTI to experience these systems in real-world driving scenarios, especially ones typically found in rideshare or public transit operations. Participant responses and opinions about the HMIs and their perceived levels of comfort, safety, trust, and situational awareness were captured via paper-based surveys administered during experimentation. Results: There was a considerable link found between HMI modality and users' reported levels of comfort, safety, trust, and situational awareness during experimentation. In addition, there were several key behavioral factors that made users more or less likely to feel comfortable in the HAV. Conclusions: Moving forward, it will be necessary for HAVs to provide ample feedback to users in an effort to increase system transparency and understanding. Feedback should consistently and accurately represent the driving landscape and clearly communicate vehicle states to users.
Master of Science
One of the greatest barriers to the entry of highly automated vehicles (HAV) into the market is the lack of user trust in the vehicle. Research has shown that this lack of faith in the system primarily stems from a lack of system transparency while in motion (e.g., the user not being told how the car will react in a certain situation) and not having an effective way to control the vehicle in the event of a system failure. This problem is particularly prevalent in public transit or ridesharing applications, where HAVs are expected to first appear and where the user has less training and control over the vehicle. To improve user trust and perceptions of comfort and safety, this study developed human-machine interface (HMI) systems, focusing on visual and auditory displays, to better relay automated vehicle "intentions" and the perceived driving environment to the user. These HMI systems were then implemented into a HAV developed at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI) and tested with volunteer participants on the Smart Roads.

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Wagner, Ben. "Liable, but Not in Control? Ensuring Meaningful Human Agency in Automated Decision-Making Systems." Wiley, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poi3.198.

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Automated decision making is becoming the norm across large parts of society, which raises interesting liability challenges when human control over technical systems becomes increasingly limited. This article defines "quasi-automation" as inclusion of humans as a basic rubber-stamping mechanism in an otherwise completely automated decision-making system. Three cases of quasi- automation are examined, where human agency in decision making is currently debatable: self- driving cars, border searches based on passenger name records, and content moderation on social media. While there are specific regulatory mechanisms for purely automated decision making, these regulatory mechanisms do not apply if human beings are (rubber-stamping) automated decisions. More broadly, most regulatory mechanisms follow a pattern of binary liability in attempting to regulate human or machine agency, rather than looking to regulate both. This results in regulatory gray areas where the regulatory mechanisms do not apply, harming human rights by preventing meaningful liability for socio-technical decision making. The article concludes by proposing criteria to ensure meaningful agency when humans are included in automated decision-making systems, and relates this to the ongoing debate on enabling human rights in Internet infrastructure.

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Naujoks, Frederik, Sebastian Hergeth, Katharina Wiedemann, Nadja Schömig, Yannick Forster, and Andreas Keinath. "Test procedure for evaluating the human-machine interface of vehicles with automated driving systems." Taylor & Francis, 2019. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72242.

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Objective: The human–machine interface (HMI) is a crucial part of every automated driving system (ADS). In the near future, it is likely that—depending on the operational design domain (ODD)—different levels of automation will be available within the same vehicle. The capabilities of a given automation level as well as the operator’s responsibilities must be communicated in an appropriate way. To date, however, there are no agreed-upon evaluation methods that can be used by human factors practitioners as well as researchers to test this. Methods: We developed an iterative test procedure that can be applied during the product development cycle of ADS. The test procedure is specifically designed to evaluate whether minimum requirements as proposed in NHTSA’s automated vehicle policy are met. Results: The proposed evaluation protocol includes (a) a method to identify relevant use cases for testing on the basis of all theoretically possible steady states and mode transitions of a given ADS; (b) an expert-based heuristic assessment to evaluate whether the HMI complies with applicable norms, standards, and best practices; and (c) an empirical evaluation of ADS HMIs using a standardized design for user studies and performance metrics. Conclusions: Each can be used as a stand-alone method or in combination to generate objective, reliable, and valid evaluations of HMIs, focusing on whether they meet minimum requirements. However, we also emphasize that other evaluation aspects such as controllability, misuse, and acceptance are not within the scope of the evaluation protocol.

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Robertson, Joshua. "The application of the human-biometric sensor interaction method to automated border control systems." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/66822/.

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Biometrics components are used in many different systems and technologies to verify that the user is whom they say they are. In Automated Border Control systems, biometrics components used in conjunction with a traveller's documents to make sure the user is whom they say they are so that they can cross into a countries borders. The systems are expected to verify the identity with a higher degree than officers who manually check travellers. Each year the number of travellers crossing through a country borders increases and so systems are expected to handle bigger demands; through improving the user experience to ensuring accuracy and performance standards increase. While the system does bring its benefits through increased speed and higher security, there are drawbacks. One of the main issues with the systems is a lack of standardisation across implementations. Passing through an automated process at Heathrow may be different to Hong Kong. The infrastructure, information, environment and guidance given during the transaction will all greatly differ for the user. Furthermore, the individual components and subsequent processing will be evaluated using a different methodology too. This thesis reports on the contrasts between implementations, looking at solutions which utilise different biometric modalities and travel documents. Several models are devised to establish a process map which can be applied to all systems. Investigating further, a framework is described for a novel assessment method to evaluate the performance of a system. An RGB-D sensor is implemented, to track and locate the user within an interactive environment. By doing so, the user's interaction is assessed in real-time. Studies then report on the effectiveness of the solution within a replicated border control scenario. Several relationships are studied to improve the technologies used within the scenario. Successful implementation of the automated assessment method may improve the user's experience with systems, improving information and guidance, increasing the likelihood of successful interaction while maintaining a high level of security and quicker processing times.

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Poulin, Neal M. "The development of automated systems for metaphase location in cytogenetic preparations of human bone marrow." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31155.

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Cytogenetic evaluation of human bone marrow cells is one of the principal sources of diagnostic and prognostic information in the evaluation of the myeloid leukemias. In the majority of cases, these diseases are characterized by non-random chromosomal changes in the cells of the malignant clone. The chromosomal abnormalities are present only in the leukemic cells, which are distributed along with normal cells in the bone marrow and throughout the circulation. The objective of this thesis was to test the hypothesis that suitable criteria could be established for automated metaphase detection using human bone marrow preparations. This involved computerized, low resolution scanning of a specimen slide, and the measurement of object features which allowed metaphases to be adequately distinguished from nuclei and debris. Two approaches were investigated. The first used a line-scanning system, in which microscope slides were scanned line by line with a linear CCD detector, and focussing was performed automatically. Eighteen signal features were measured for each detected object. Three group discriminant function analysis was performed on objects from a large number of slides from both types of preparations, in order to distinguish metaphases from nuclei and debris. The second method evaluated the use of a frame scanning system. Objects were detected in a frame-by-frame scan of microscope slides, using a two dimensional CD camera. Feature measurements were performed for all objects within a specified area range, and three group discriminant function analysis was performed on data from a large number of slides. In both approaches, the performance of the discriminant functions was evaluated on independent samples collected from a number of patients, in order to determine the operational error rates of the systems. The sensitivity of the line scan system for metaphase detection was 86%, compared to 92% fror the frame scannning system, while the specificity was 84% for the line scan system, and 86% for the frame scanning system. The frame scan system was shown to be useful for determining the mitotic index of cells cultured for varying periods of time prior to fixation. Four patients with AML were examined, and the results of the analysis show that the mitotic indices could be determined in this way to an accuracy of approximately 5%. The mitotic indices differed as a function of time for different patients.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate

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11

Kesting, Arne. "Microscopic Modeling of Human and Automated Driving: Towards Traffic-Adaptive Cruise Control." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1204804167720-57734.

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The thesis is composed of two main parts. The first part deals with a microscopic traffic flow theory. Models describing the individual acceleration, deceleration and lane-changing behavior are formulated and the emerging collective traffic dynamics are investigated by means of numerical simulations. The models and simulation tools presented provide the methodical prerequisites for the second part of the thesis in which a novel concept of a traffic-adaptive control strategy for ACC systems is presented. The impact of such systems on the traffic dynamics can solely be investigated and assessed by traffic simulations. The focus is on future adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems and their potential applications in the context of vehicle-based intelligent transportation systems. In order to ensure that ACC systems are implemented in ways that improve rather than degrade traffic conditions, the thesis proposes an extension of ACC systems towards traffic-adaptive cruise control by means of implementing an actively jam-avoiding driving strategy. The newly developed traffic assistance system introduces a driving strategy layer which modifies the driver's individual settings of the ACC driving parameters depending on the local traffic situation. Whilst the conventional operational control layer of an ACC system calculates the response to the input sensor data in terms of accelerations and decelerations on a short time scale, the automated adaptation of the ACC driving parameters happens on a somewhat longer time scale of, typically, minutes. By changing only temporarily the comfortable parameter settings of the ACC system in specific traffic situations, the driving strategy is capable of improving the traffic flow efficiency whilst retaining the comfort for the driver. The traffic-adaptive modifications are specified relative to the driver settings in order to maintain the individual preferences. The proposed system requires an autonomous real-time detection of the five traffic states by each ACC-equipped vehicle. The formulated algorithm is based on the evaluation of the locally available data such as the vehicle's velocity time series and its geo-referenced position (GPS) in conjunction with a digital map. It is assumed that the digital map is complemented by information about stationary bottlenecks as most of the observed traffic flow breakdowns occur at these fixed locations. By means of a heuristic, the algorithm determines which of the five traffic states mentioned above applies best to the actual traffic situation. Optionally, inter-vehicle and infrastructure-to-car communication technologies can be used to further improve the accuracy of determining the respective traffic state by providing non-local information. By means of simulation, we found that the automatic traffic-adaptive driving strategy improves traffic stability and increases the effective road capacity. Depending on the fraction of ACC vehicles, the driving strategy "passing a bottleneck" effects a reduction of the bottleneck strength and therefore delays (or even prevents) the breakdown of traffic flow. Changing to the driving mode "leaving the traffic jam" increases the outflow from congestion resulting in reduced queue lengths in congested traffic and, consequently, a faster recovery to free flow conditions. The current travel time (as most important criterion for road users) and the cumulated travel time (as an indicator of the system performance) are used to evaluate the impact on the quality of service. While traffic congestion in the reference scenario was completely eliminated when simulating a proportion of 25% ACC vehicles, travel times were significantly reduced even with much lower penetration rates. Moreover, the cumulated travel times decreased consistently with the increase in the proportion of ACC vehicles
In der Arbeit wird ein neues verkehrstelematisches Konzept für ein verkehrseffizientes Fahrverhalten entwickelt und als dezentrale Strategie zur Vermeidung und Auflösung von Verkehrsstaus auf Richtungsfahrbahnen vorgestellt. Die operative Umsetzung erfolgt durch ein ACC-System, das um eine, auf Informationen über die lokale Verkehrssituation basierende, automatisierte Fahrstrategie erweitert wird. Die Herausforderung bei einem Eingriff in das individuelle Fahrverhalten besteht - unter Berücksichtigung von Sicherheits-, Akzeptanz- und rechtlichen Aspekten - im Ausgleich der Gegensätze Fahrkomfort und Verkehrseffizienz. Während sich ein komfortables Fahren durch große Abstände bei geringen Fahrzeugbeschleunigungen auszeichnet, erfordert ein verkehrsoptimierendes Verhalten kleinere Abstände und eine schnellere Anpassung an Geschwindigkeitsänderungen der umgebenden Fahrzeuge. Als allgemeiner Lösungsansatz wird eine verkehrsadaptive Fahrstrategie vorgeschlagen, die ein ACC-System mittels Anpassung der das Fahrverhalten charakterisierenden Parameter umsetzt. Die Wahl der Parameter erfolgt in Abhängigkeit von der lokalen Verkehrssituation, die auf der Basis der im Fahrzeug zur Verfügung stehenden Informationen automatisch detektiert wird. Durch die Unterscheidung verschiedener Verkehrssituationen wird ein temporärer Wechsel in ein verkehrseffizientes Fahrregime (zum Beispiel beim Herausfahren aus einem Stau) ermöglicht. Machbarkeit und Wirkungspotenzial der verkehrsadaptiven Fahrstrategie werden im Rahmen eines mikroskopischen Modellierungsansatzes simuliert und hinsichtlich der kollektiven Verkehrsdynamik, insbesondere der Stauentstehung und Stauauflösung, auf mehrspurigen Richtungsfahrbahnen bewertet. Die durchgeführte Modellbildung, insbesondere die Formulierung eines komplexen Modells des menschlichen Fahrverhaltens, ermöglicht eine detaillierte Analyse der im Verkehr relevanten kollektiven Stabilität und einer von der Stabilität abhängigen stochastischen Streckenkapazität. Ein tieferes Verständnis der Stauentstehung und -ausbildung wird durch das allgemeine Konzept der Engstelle erreicht. Dieses findet auch bei der Entwicklung der Strategie für ein stauvermeidendes Fahrverhalten Anwendung. In der Arbeit wird die stauvermeidende und stauauflösende Wirkung eines individuellen, verkehrsadaptiven Fahrverhaltens bereits für geringe Ausstattungsgrade nachgewiesen. Vor dem Hintergrund einer zu erwartenden Verbreitung von ACC-Systemen ergibt sich damit eine vielversprechende Option für die Steigerung der Verkehrsleistung durch ein teilautomatisiertes Fahren. Der entwickelte Ansatz einer verkehrsadaptiven Fahrstrategie ist unabhängig vom ACC-System. Er erweitert dessen Funktionalität im Hinblick auf zukünftige, informationsbasierte Fahrerassistenzsysteme um eine neue fahrstrategische Dimension. Die lokale Interpretation der Verkehrssituation kann neben einer verkehrsadaptiven ACC-Regelung auch der Entwicklung zukünftiger Fahrerinformationssysteme dienen

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12

Kesting, Arne. "Microscopic Modeling of Human and Automated Driving: Towards Traffic-Adaptive Cruise Control." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24070.

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Abstract:

The thesis is composed of two main parts. The first part deals with a microscopic traffic flow theory. Models describing the individual acceleration, deceleration and lane-changing behavior are formulated and the emerging collective traffic dynamics are investigated by means of numerical simulations. The models and simulation tools presented provide the methodical prerequisites for the second part of the thesis in which a novel concept of a traffic-adaptive control strategy for ACC systems is presented. The impact of such systems on the traffic dynamics can solely be investigated and assessed by traffic simulations. The focus is on future adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems and their potential applications in the context of vehicle-based intelligent transportation systems. In order to ensure that ACC systems are implemented in ways that improve rather than degrade traffic conditions, the thesis proposes an extension of ACC systems towards traffic-adaptive cruise control by means of implementing an actively jam-avoiding driving strategy. The newly developed traffic assistance system introduces a driving strategy layer which modifies the driver's individual settings of the ACC driving parameters depending on the local traffic situation. Whilst the conventional operational control layer of an ACC system calculates the response to the input sensor data in terms of accelerations and decelerations on a short time scale, the automated adaptation of the ACC driving parameters happens on a somewhat longer time scale of, typically, minutes. By changing only temporarily the comfortable parameter settings of the ACC system in specific traffic situations, the driving strategy is capable of improving the traffic flow efficiency whilst retaining the comfort for the driver. The traffic-adaptive modifications are specified relative to the driver settings in order to maintain the individual preferences. The proposed system requires an autonomous real-time detection of the five traffic states by each ACC-equipped vehicle. The formulated algorithm is based on the evaluation of the locally available data such as the vehicle's velocity time series and its geo-referenced position (GPS) in conjunction with a digital map. It is assumed that the digital map is complemented by information about stationary bottlenecks as most of the observed traffic flow breakdowns occur at these fixed locations. By means of a heuristic, the algorithm determines which of the five traffic states mentioned above applies best to the actual traffic situation. Optionally, inter-vehicle and infrastructure-to-car communication technologies can be used to further improve the accuracy of determining the respective traffic state by providing non-local information. By means of simulation, we found that the automatic traffic-adaptive driving strategy improves traffic stability and increases the effective road capacity. Depending on the fraction of ACC vehicles, the driving strategy "passing a bottleneck" effects a reduction of the bottleneck strength and therefore delays (or even prevents) the breakdown of traffic flow. Changing to the driving mode "leaving the traffic jam" increases the outflow from congestion resulting in reduced queue lengths in congested traffic and, consequently, a faster recovery to free flow conditions. The current travel time (as most important criterion for road users) and the cumulated travel time (as an indicator of the system performance) are used to evaluate the impact on the quality of service. While traffic congestion in the reference scenario was completely eliminated when simulating a proportion of 25% ACC vehicles, travel times were significantly reduced even with much lower penetration rates. Moreover, the cumulated travel times decreased consistently with the increase in the proportion of ACC vehicles.
In der Arbeit wird ein neues verkehrstelematisches Konzept für ein verkehrseffizientes Fahrverhalten entwickelt und als dezentrale Strategie zur Vermeidung und Auflösung von Verkehrsstaus auf Richtungsfahrbahnen vorgestellt. Die operative Umsetzung erfolgt durch ein ACC-System, das um eine, auf Informationen über die lokale Verkehrssituation basierende, automatisierte Fahrstrategie erweitert wird. Die Herausforderung bei einem Eingriff in das individuelle Fahrverhalten besteht - unter Berücksichtigung von Sicherheits-, Akzeptanz- und rechtlichen Aspekten - im Ausgleich der Gegensätze Fahrkomfort und Verkehrseffizienz. Während sich ein komfortables Fahren durch große Abstände bei geringen Fahrzeugbeschleunigungen auszeichnet, erfordert ein verkehrsoptimierendes Verhalten kleinere Abstände und eine schnellere Anpassung an Geschwindigkeitsänderungen der umgebenden Fahrzeuge. Als allgemeiner Lösungsansatz wird eine verkehrsadaptive Fahrstrategie vorgeschlagen, die ein ACC-System mittels Anpassung der das Fahrverhalten charakterisierenden Parameter umsetzt. Die Wahl der Parameter erfolgt in Abhängigkeit von der lokalen Verkehrssituation, die auf der Basis der im Fahrzeug zur Verfügung stehenden Informationen automatisch detektiert wird. Durch die Unterscheidung verschiedener Verkehrssituationen wird ein temporärer Wechsel in ein verkehrseffizientes Fahrregime (zum Beispiel beim Herausfahren aus einem Stau) ermöglicht. Machbarkeit und Wirkungspotenzial der verkehrsadaptiven Fahrstrategie werden im Rahmen eines mikroskopischen Modellierungsansatzes simuliert und hinsichtlich der kollektiven Verkehrsdynamik, insbesondere der Stauentstehung und Stauauflösung, auf mehrspurigen Richtungsfahrbahnen bewertet. Die durchgeführte Modellbildung, insbesondere die Formulierung eines komplexen Modells des menschlichen Fahrverhaltens, ermöglicht eine detaillierte Analyse der im Verkehr relevanten kollektiven Stabilität und einer von der Stabilität abhängigen stochastischen Streckenkapazität. Ein tieferes Verständnis der Stauentstehung und -ausbildung wird durch das allgemeine Konzept der Engstelle erreicht. Dieses findet auch bei der Entwicklung der Strategie für ein stauvermeidendes Fahrverhalten Anwendung. In der Arbeit wird die stauvermeidende und stauauflösende Wirkung eines individuellen, verkehrsadaptiven Fahrverhaltens bereits für geringe Ausstattungsgrade nachgewiesen. Vor dem Hintergrund einer zu erwartenden Verbreitung von ACC-Systemen ergibt sich damit eine vielversprechende Option für die Steigerung der Verkehrsleistung durch ein teilautomatisiertes Fahren. Der entwickelte Ansatz einer verkehrsadaptiven Fahrstrategie ist unabhängig vom ACC-System. Er erweitert dessen Funktionalität im Hinblick auf zukünftige, informationsbasierte Fahrerassistenzsysteme um eine neue fahrstrategische Dimension. Die lokale Interpretation der Verkehrssituation kann neben einer verkehrsadaptiven ACC-Regelung auch der Entwicklung zukünftiger Fahrerinformationssysteme dienen.

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13

Ilhan, Sibel [Verfasser]. "Novel strategies for automated engineering of enzymatic systems: structural and functional insights to human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex / Sibel Ilhan." Hamburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227991134/34.

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14

Al-Mannai, Bader Darwish. "A practical decision support tool for the design of automated manufacturing systems : incorporating human factors alongside other considerations in the design." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424077.

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15

Hergeth, Sebastian. "Automation Trust in Conditional Automated Driving Systems: Approaches to Operationalization and Design." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-210282.

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Systeme zum automatisierten Fahren erlauben es, die Fahrzeugführung in einem gewissen Maß vom Fahrer an das Fahrzeug zu übertragen. Da der Fahrer auf diese Weise unterstützt, entlastet oder sogar ersetzt werden kann, werden Systeme zum automatisierten Fahren mit einem großen Potential für Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Straßenverkehrssicherheit, Fahrkomfort und Effizienz verbunden - vorausgesetzt, dass diese Systeme angemessen benutzt werden. Systeme zum hochautomatisierten Fahren stellen in diesem Zusammenhang eine besondere Herausforderung für die Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion dar: So wird es dem Fahrer bei diesem Automatisierungsgrad zwar zum ersten mal ermöglicht, das System nicht mehr permanent überwachen zu müssen und somit die Fahrtzeit potentiell für fahrfremde Tätigkeiten zu nutzen. Es wird jedoch immer noch erwartet, dass der Fahrer nach einer vorherigen angemessenen Übernahmeaufforderung die Fahrzeugführung im Bedarfsfall gewährleisten kann. Angemessenes Automatisierungsvertrauen stellt daher eine zentrale Komponente für die erfolgreiche Kooperation zwischen Fahrern und Systemen zum hochautomatisierten Fahren dar und sollte bei der Gestaltung derartiger Systeme berücksichtigt werden. Frühere Befunde weisen beispielsweise bereits darauf hin, dass unterschiedliche Informationen über automatisierte Systeme ein möglicher Ansatz sein könnten um das Automatisierungsvertrauen des Fahrers aktiv zu gestalten. Automatisierungsvertrauen als Variable in der Gestaltung von Fahrzeugtechnologie zu berücksichtigen erfordert jedoch zunächst auch in der Lage zu sein, Automatisierungsvertrauen adäquat messen zu können. In diesem Sinne war die Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit einerseits die Untersuchung verschiedener Methoden zur Messung des Automatisierungsvertrauens des Fahrers sowie andererseits die Identifikation, prototypische Umsetzung und Bewertung potentieller Ansätze zur Gestaltung von Automatisierungsvertrauen im Kontext von Systemen zum hochautomatisierten Fahren. Zu diesem Zweck wurden drei Fahrsimulatorstudien mit insgesamt N = 280 Probanden durchgeführt. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass (i) sowohl Selbstberichtsverfahren als auch Verhaltensmaße prinzipiell dazu verwendet werden können um das Automatisierungsvertrauen des Fahrers in Systeme zum hochautomatisierten Fahren zu operationalisieren, (ii) eine vorherige Auseinandersetzung mit funktionalen Grenzen von Systemen zum hochautomatisierten Fahren einen nachhaltigen Effekt auf das Automatisierungsvertrauen des Fahrers in das System haben kann und (iii) insbesondere Informationen über die Funktionsweise von Systemen zum hochautomatisierten Fahren das Automatisierungsvertrauen des Fahrers in derartige Systeme verbessern können. Damit liefert die vorliegende Arbeit sowohl wertvolle Ansatze zur Messbarmachung als auch Hinweise für die Gestaltung von Automatisierungsvertrauen im Kontext des hochautomatisierten Fahrens. Darüber hinaus können die Befunde dieser Arbeit in gewissem Maße auch auf andere Arten von Fahrzeugautomatisierung sowie unterschiedliche Domänen und Anwendungen von Automatisierung übertragen werden
Automated driving systems allow to transfer a certain degree of vehicle control from the driver to a vehicle. By assisting, augmenting or even supplementing the driver, automated driving systems have been associated with enormous potential for improving driving safety, comfort, and efficiency - provided that they are used appropriately. Among those systems, conditional automated driving systems are particularly challenging for human-automation interaction: While the driver is no longer required to permanently monitor conditional automated driving systems, he / she is still expected to provide fallback performance of the dynamic driving task after adequate prior notification. Therefore, facilitating appropriate automation trust is a key component for enabling successful cooperation between drivers and conditional automated driving systems. Earlier work indicates that providing drivers with proper information about conditional automated driving systems might be one promising approach to do this. Considering the role of automation trust as a variable in the design of vehicle technology, however, also requires that drivers` automation trust can be viably measured in the first place. Accordingly, the objectives of this thesis were to explore difffferent methods for measuring drivers` automation trust in the context of conditional automated driving as well as the identification, implementation and evaluation of possible approaches for designing drivers` automation trust in conditional automated driving systems. For these purposes, three driving simulator studies with N = 280 participants were conducted. The results indicate that (i) both self-report measures and behavioral measures can be used to assess drivers` automation trust in conditional automated driving systems, (ii) prior familiarization with system limitations can have a lasting effffect on drivers` automation trust in conditional automated driving systems and (iii) particularly information about the processes of conditional automated driving systems might promote drivers` automation trust in these systems. Thus, the present research contributes much needed approaches to both measuring and designing automation trust in the context of conditional automated driving. In addition, the current findings might also be transferred to higher levels of driving automation as well as other domains and applications of automation

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Proudfoot, Jeffrey Gainer. "Identifying Deception Using Novel Technology-Based Approaches to Uncover Concealed Information." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/316781.

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Concealing information, one of the many forms of deception, is a pervasive phenomenon as it is present in virtually every facet of interpersonal communication. In some cases, information concealment can have profound implications (e.g., insider threats in organizations, security screening at the border, and criminal interviews). New technologies are under development to aid in identifying concealed information, however, additional research is needed in three key areas to increase the feasibility of using these technologies in real-world credibility assessment contexts. First, research is needed to investigate the accuracy of new credibility assessment technologies relative to existing deception-detection systems. Demonstrating that new technologies meet or exceed detection accuracies of existing systems (e.g., the polygraph) is critical. Second, research is needed to determine if a targetless Concealed Information Test (CIT) is feasible. Existing CIT research supports the presence of main effect differences between persons concealing information and the control group. These behaviors may permit the detection of concealed information without the use of customized sets of stimuli. Eliminating the need to create customized sets of stimuli for each examinee would drastically increase the ease with which an automated system can be used to conduct a CIT. Finally, research is needed to illuminate various elements of the human-computer interaction that occurs during automated credibility assessments. This is a new domain of human-computer interaction as system users in this context are not instigating the interaction, and in many cases, they may be seeking to limit the effectiveness of the system. Before novel systems designed to conduct credibility assessments can be adopted, further research is needed to illuminate how users perceive, respond to, and strategically manage their behaviors when interacting with systems of this nature. This dissertation contains the results of a research program designed to address each of these areas. First, an experiment was designed to investigate the accuracy rates of two promising noncontact measures of concealed information (oculometrics and vocalics) relative to electrodermal activity (EDA). Second, an experiment was designed to evaluate the feasibility of using a targetless CIT to elicit main effect differences between concealers and the control group to identify concealed information. And third, a thorough analysis of examinees' general perceptions, self-reported stress and arousal, perceived effort and performance, and use of countermeasures within the context of an automated credibility assessment interview was conducted. This research effort has yielded the following findings. First, eye tracking and vocalics can be used to identify significant differences in the behaviors and physiology of examinees concealing information, however, the accuracy with which truth tellers and information concealers can be classified remains impractical for an applied setting. Second, there are main effect differences between persons concealing information and telling the truth, however, the use of countermeasures may limit the accuracy with which concealers can be identified. Finally, the presence of concealed information and the use of crime-relevant questions alter how examinees perceive and react to a system designed to identify concealed information. The limitations of this research, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.

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Beltran, Nicole. "Artificial Intelligence in Lethal Automated Weapon Systems - What's the Problem? : Analysing the framing of LAWS in the EU ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI, the European Parliament Resolution on autonomous weapon systems and the CCW GGE guiding principles." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412188.

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Lethal automated weapon systems (LAWS) are developed and deployed by a growing number of state and non-state actors, although no international legally binding framework exists as of yet. As a first attempt to regulate LAWS the UN appointed a group of governmental experts (GGE) to create the guiding principles on the issue of LAWS AI. A few years later the EU appointed an expert group to create the Ethics guideline for trustworthy and the European Parliament passed a resolution on the issue of LAWS. This thesis attempts to make the underlying norms and discourses that have shaped these guiding principles and guidelines visible. By scrutinizing the documents through the ‘What’s the problem presented to be’-approach, the discursive practices that enables the framing is illuminated. The obscured problems not spoken of in the EU and UN documents are emphasised, suggesting that both documents oversimplifies and downplays the danger of LAWS, leaving issues such as gender repercussions, human dignity and the dangers of the sophisticated weapons system itself largely unproblematised and hidden behind their suggested dichotomised and anthropocentric solutions, which largely results in a simple “add human and stir”-kind of solution. The underlying cause of this tendency seems to stem from a general unwillingness of states to regulate as LAWS are quickly becoming a matter of have- and have nots and may potentially change warfare as we know it. A case can also be made as to AI’s ‘Hollywood-problem’ as influencing the framing of LAWS, where the dystopian terminator-like depiction in popular culture can be seen reflected in international policy papers and statements.

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Trask, Simon J. "Systems and Safety Engineering in Hybrid-Electric and Semi-Autonomous Vehicles." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555521147257702.

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Gargett, Ross. "The Use of Automated Speech Recognition in Electronic Health Records in Rural Health Care Systems." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/340.

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Since the HITECH (Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health) Act was enacted, healthcare providers are required to achieve “Meaningful Use.” CPOE (Clinical Provider Order Entry), is one such requirement. Many providers prefer to dictate their orders rather than typing them. Medical vocabulary is wrought with its own terminology and department-specific acronyms, and many ASR (Automated Speech Recognition) systems are not trained to interpret this language. The purpose of this thesis research was to investigate the use and effectiveness of ASR in the healthcare industry. Multiple hospitals and multiple clinicians agreed to be followed through their use of an ASR system to enter patient data into the record. As a result of this research, the effectiveness and use of the ASR was examined, and multiple issues with the use and accuracy of the system were uncovered.

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Merat, Natasha, Tyron Louw, Ruth Madigan, Marc Wilbrink, and Anna Schieben. "What externally presented information do VRUs require when interacting with fully Automated Road Transport Systems in shared space?" Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72265.

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As the desire for deploying automated (“driverless”) vehicles increases, there is a need to understand how they might communicate with other road users in a mixed traffic, urban, setting. In the absence of an active and responsible human controller in the driving seat, who might currently communicate with other road users in uncertain/conflicting situations, in the future, understanding a driverless car’s behaviour and intentions will need to be relayed via easily comprehensible, intuitive and universally intelligible means, perhaps presented externally via new vehicle interfaces. This paper reports on the results of a questionnaire-based study, delivered to 664 participants, recruited during live demonstrations of an Automated Road Transport Systems (ARTS; SAE Level 4), in three European cities. The questionnaire sought the views of pedestrians and cyclists, focussing on whether respondents felt safe interacting with ARTS in shared space, and also what externally presented travel behaviour information from the ARTS was important to them. Results showed that most pedestrians felt safer when the ARTS were travelling in designated lanes, rather than in shared space, and the majority believed they had priority over the ARTS, in the absence of such infrastructure. Regardless of lane demarcations, all respondents highlighted the importance of receiving some communication information about the behaviour of the ARTS, with acknowledgement of their detection by the vehicle being the most important message. There were no clear patterns across the respondents, regarding preference of modality for these external messages, with cultural and infrastructural differences thought to govern responses. Generally, however, conventional signals (lights and beeps) were preferred to text-based messages and spoken words. The results suggest that until these driverless vehicles are able to provide universally comprehensible externally presented information or messages during interaction with other road users, they are likely to contribute to confusing and conflicting interactions between these actors, especially in a shared space setting, which may, therefore, reduce efficient traffic flow.

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Quell, Jan-Dominik Bernd [Verfasser], Hans-Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Mewes, Bernhard [Gutachter] Küster, and Hans-Werner [Gutachter] Mewes. "Automated annotation of structurally uncharacterized metabolites in human metabolomics studies by systems biology models / Jan-Dominik Bernd Quell ; Gutachter: Bernhard Küster, Hans-Werner Mewes ; Betreuer: Hans-Werner Mewes." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1203799314/34.

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Marshall, Susan LaVonne. "Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for foreign language and speech translation technologies in a coalition military environment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FMarshall.pdf.

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Mayer, Andrew K. "Manipulation of user expectancies effects on reliance, compliance, and trust using an automated system /." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22633.

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Walz, Jennifer Ann. "The Facilities Automated Scheduling Tool (FAST)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41495.

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A systems engineering life-cycle approach is used to design the Facilities Automated Scheduling Tool (FAST) for the Facilities Branch of the ABC Company. The emphasis of the proposed design is the human factors criteria that are used to optimize the human-computer interface (HCI). The need identified by the Facilities Branch is that the current manual project tracking system takes three weeks to gather the information required to initiate a request for change (RFC). Paperwork is cumbersome, data files are difficult to locate, and the Facilities Specialists are inundated with fragmented reports filed away in cabinets that are taking up what little free space the office has left. Therefore, the requirements for the system are established, options considered, and a recommended design is achieved which will reduce the number of file cabinets by 80%, enable a project to be input into the system in fifteen minutes, and reduce the number of data input specialists from three to one, saving the company time and money. FAST is essential to the Facilities Branch for optimal efficiency and cost-effective performance. Furthermore, many different operators need the system to track their specific projects. Most of these Facilities Specialists are not "regular" computer users, therefore, user-friendliness is of critical importance. Analyzing human factors options and presenting trade-offs is of utmost importance to ensure FAST will be used properly. If the user becomes frustrated with the system, the tool will no longer be useful to the operator or the Facilities Branch. Both the hardware and software configurations of FAST are examined for user-friendliness and efficiency. The ABC Company has a service contract with IBM, where all the hardware equipment is bought. Therefore, an IBM platform is assumed for FAST. However, various screen designs and workstation arrangements are examined in order to produce a safe. comfortable, reliable, and efficient system that will save the ABC Company time and money.
Master of Science

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Barg-Walkow, Laura Hillary. "Understanding the role of expectations on human responses to an automated system." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52909.

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As automation becomes increasing ubiquitous, it is important to know how differences in introducing automated systems will affect human-automation interactions. There are two main ways of introducing expected reliability of an automated system to users: explicitly telling operators what to expect or giving operators experience using the system. This study systematically investigated the effect of expectation format initially and over time on: 1) perceptions of reliability and system usage, and 2) human responses to automation (e.g., compliance, reliance, and overall dependence). Initially, there was an effect of expected level for explicit statement groups, whereas there was no effect of expected level for initial exposure groups. Over time, explicit statement groups had more stable perceptions of system reliability than the initial exposure groups. In general, perceived reliability did not converge to actual system reliability (75%) by the end of the study. Additionally, perceived reliability had a weak, but positive relationship with actual system use, whereas perceptions of system use (e.g., perceived dependence) had a strong, but negative relationship with actual system use. Outside of initial effects seen with perceived reliability, there were few initial differences between expectation formats. Almost all groups tended to initially comply more than rely, with the exception of the initial exposure – lower-than group. Over time, level of expectation for initial exposure groups influenced reliance. There were no differences between expectation groups on compliance and dependence over time. In general, dependence and compliance increased or stayed the same as time using the system increased. This pattern was also seen with reliance, with the exception of the initial exposure - higher-than group decreasing reliance over time. Results from this study have implications for both theory and practice. The research findings both support and augment the existing conceptual model of automation. A better understanding of the differential effects of expectation format and introduced level of expectations can lead to introductions of automated systems that are best suited to the system’s goals, ultimately improving system performance.

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Munnecom, Lorenna, and Miguel Chaves de Lemos Pacheco. "Exploration of an Automated Motivation Letter Scoring System to Emulate Human Judgement." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Mikrodataanalys, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34563.

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As the popularity of the master’s in data science at Dalarna University increases, so does the number of applicants. The aim of this thesis was to explore different approaches to provide an automated motivation letter scoring system which could emulate the human judgement and automate the process of candidate selection. Several steps such as image processing and text processing were required to enable the authors to retrieve numerous features which could lead to the identification of the factors graded by the program managers. Grammatical based features and Advanced textual features were extracted from the motivation letters followed by the application of Topic Modelling methods to extract the probability of each topics occurring within a motivation letter. Furthermore, correlation analysis was applied to quantify the association between the features and the different factors graded by the program managers, followed by Ordinal Logistic Regression and Random Forest to build models with the most impactful variables. Finally, Naïve Bayes Algorithm, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine were used, first for classification and then for prediction purposes. These results were not promising as the factors were not accurately identified. Nevertheless, the authors suspected that the factors may be strongly related to the highlight of specific topics within a motivation letter which can lead to further research.

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TSE, Man Kei. "Evaluation of an anaesthesia automated record keeping system : a human factors approach." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/40.

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Anaesthesia Information Management System (AIMS) is an automated record keeping system that imports and stores patient’s vital signs information from a physiological monitor in real-time. However, only a handful of studies have examined the effect of automated record keeping system on anaesthetists’ cognitive performance. Therefore, the current thesis aims to evaluate AIMS in terms of anaesthetists’ attitude (Study 1) and its effect on their cognitive performance (Study 2). Study 1, a questionnaire study examined anaesthetists’ trust and acceptance of AIMS. Forty-two anaesthetists at Tuen Mun Hospital (TMH) and Po Oi hospitals (POH) have completed a self-reported questionnaire. Results found that anaesthetists generally adopted a positive attitude toward AIMS. They exhibited a high level of trust and acceptance of AIMS. Also, they perceived AIMS as highly useful and relevant to their job. Study 2, a simulation study compared AIMS with manual record keeping on anaesthetists’ vigilance, situation awareness (SA) and mental workload. 20 anaesthetists at TMH were randomly assigned to two conditions: (1) AIMS and (2) Manual. Each participant received a 45-minute scenario in a full-scale simulation. Participants were asked to take over a case of general anaesthesia and perform record keeping. Results showed that AIMS did not impair anaesthetists’ vigilance and SA. In addition, it reduced anaesthetists’ mental workload and enabled them to spend less time on record keeping task. The current thesis provides an evaluation of AIMS by using a human factors approach. It contributes to the understanding on the effect of AIMS on anaesthetist’ in terms of attitude and cognitive performance. Based on the evaluation, we generate some recommendation for designers and hospitals to address the limitation of AIMS in interface designs and to increase anaesthetists’ acceptance of AIMS.

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Palmberg, Robin C. O. "Enriching Automated Travel Diaries Using Biometric Information." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Systemanalys och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-262880.

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The methods for collecting travel data about travellers today incorporate either fully manual or semi-automatic elements, which makes the methods susceptible to errors. The travellers might respond subjectively rather than objectively or even wholly incorrect, albeit with or without purpose. For certain types of studies, these are still valid methods for collecting data. However, for specific target groups, it might be hard to respond using these methods, either because of physical or psychological limitations. One of these target groups that is increasing rapidly is elderly in general, and dementia patients in particular, who suffer from fluctuating cognitive skills and memory. These conditions affect the recipient’s ability to answer truthfully and correctly. However, in the strive to form more accessible urban environments, the information regarding the need and behaviour of the said target group is crucial, meaning that new methods for collecting travel data need to be created. The three papers included in this licentiate thesis present the development and trial of a new method for fully automated data collection using biometric data as a dimension. The method attempts to determine how the recipient is affected by the elements presented to them while they travel, such as the built environment, based on the variations in the biometric data dimension. With the rapid advancements in information and communication technology, many new artefacts which open for new possible methods of data collection has been launched and are widely available. The methods and artefacts are not capable of meeting the requirements for the type of data collection method that would be needed to cater to the target group by themselves. However, by combing several types of currently available artefacts and methods, it is theoretically possible to cover the gaps of each artefact and method to create versatile methods for data collection (Paper I). Such methods require tools for physical operationalisation. An exploratory development process has led to the creation of a software tool which could be used with several types of consumer hardware, which means that it would theoretically be possible to conduct extensive surveys fast with low costs where participants utilise their own hardware (Paper II). In order to uncover the usefulness of the tool, an analysis was conducted on a limited dataset which had been collected as a result of a trial of the tool. In an attempt to prove the hypothesis “it is possible to understand how much the dimensions of data collected in specific locations affect the stress of travellers using heart rate as the dependent variable”, data-driven methods of data analysis were explored and utilised. Simple clustering methods, which disregarded any weighting on the dimensions, uncovered if there was any valuable information in the dataset at all. A model had to be created in order to understand better how the different dimensions of the collected data affected the participant (Paper III). This set of papers should indicate whether this type of method is feasible to pursue with the current means of widely available technology and what sort of significance the collected data might hold when analysed with appropriate analysis methods.
Metoderna för att samla in resedata från dagens resenärer inkorporerar antingen helt manuella eller halvautomatiska element, vilket gör dessa metoder mottagliga för fel. Resenärerna kan svara subjektivt snarare än objektivet eller helt inkorrekt, antingen med eller utan avsikt. För vissa typer av studier så är dessa metoder fortfarande meningsfulla att använda för datainsamling. Men för särskilda målgrupper kan det vara svårt att svara på undersökningar som använder dessa metoder, antingen på grund av fysiologiska eller psykologiska begränsningar. En av dessa målgrupper, som är stadigt växande, är den äldre befolkningen generellt, men framförallt demenspatienter, som lider av sviktande kognitiva förmågor och minne. Dessa tillstånd påverkar den svarandes förmåga att svara sanningsenligt och korret. Men i strävan efter att skapa mer tillgängliga stadsmiljöer så är informationen angående behovet och beteendet hos den nämnda målgruppen av yttersta vikt, vilket innebär att nya metoder för att samla in resedata behöver skapas. De tre artiklar som har inkluderats i denna avhandling presenterar utvecklingen och försökstestandet av en ny metod för helt automatisk datainsamling med användandet av biometriska data som en dimension. Metoden försöker att avgöra hur den svarande blir påverkad av element de stöter på medan de reser, såsom det byggda samhället, baserat på variationer i den biometriska datadimensionen. Med de snabba framstegen inom informations- och kommunikationsteknik så har nya artefakter som öppnar för nya möjliga metoder av datainsamling lanserats och är allmänt tillgängliga. Dessa metoder och artefakter är inte kapabla till att möta de krav som ställs för den typ av datainsamlingsmetod som krävs för att kunna tillgodose målgruppen på egen hand. Men genom att kombinera flera typer av de nu tillgängliga artefakterna och metoderna så är det teoretiskt möjligt att täcka luckorna som finns i varje artefakt och metod för att skapa en mer mångsidig metod för datainsamling (Artikel I). Sådana metoder kräver verktyg för att fysiskt operationaliseras. En explorativ utvecklingsprocess har lett till skapandet av ett mjukvaruverktyg som skulle kunna användas med flera typer av konsumenttillgänglig hårdvara, vilket betyder att det skulle vara teoretiskt möjligt att genomföra stora undersökningar snabbt med låga kostnader där deltagarna använder sin egen hårdvara (Artikel II). För att förstå användbarheten av verktyget så gjordes en analys på ett begränsat data-set som hade blivit insamlat som ett resultat av ett försökstestande av verktyget. I ett försök att bevisa hypotesen ”det är möjligt att förstå hur mycket dimensionerna av data som samlats in vid specifika platser påverkar stressen hos resenärer med hjälp av puls som den beroende variabeln” så utforskades och användes data-drivna metoder av dataanalys. Enkla metoder, som inte la någon särskild vikt vid någon särskild dimension, användes för att visa om det fanns någon värdefull information i data-setet överhuvudtaget. En modell behövde skapas för att bättre förstå hur de olika dimensionerna av den insamlade datan påverkar deltagaren (Artikel III). Denna samling artiklar är tänkt att ge en indikation på om denna typ av metodik är rimlig att fortsätta utveckla givet de nu tillgängliga teknologierna och vilken sorts signifikans den insamlade datan kan innehålla när den har analyserats med lämpliga analysmetoder.

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Nash, Beverly Elaine. "The effects of training information, problem type, and problem structure on performance in a complex automated system." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29874.

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Malki, Khalil. "Automated Knowledge Extraction from Archival Documents." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2019. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/204.

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Traditional archival media such as paper, film, photographs, etc. contain a vast storage of knowledge. Much of this knowledge is applicable to current business and scientific problems, and offers solutions; consequently, there is value in extracting this information. While it is possible to manually extract the content, this technique is not feasible for large knowledge repositories due to cost and time. In this thesis, we develop a system that can extract such knowledge automatically from large repositories. A Graphical User Interface that permits users to indicate the location of the knowledge components (indexes) is developed, and software features that permit automatic extraction of indexes from similar documents is presented. The indexes and the documents are stored in a persistentdata store.The system is tested on a University Registrar’s legacy paper-based transcript repository. The study shows that the system provides a good solution for large-scale extraction of knowledge from archived paper and other media.

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Perez, Michael Jonathan. "Redesigning the automated door attendant : a study of multimodal human-computer interaction for a public kiosk system." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83923.

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The Automated Door Attendant, a multimodal interactive system functioning as a virtual secretary for a professor, is an example of an artificial agent deployed in a role typically assigned to humans. Accepting both speech and touch as input, it serves as an appointment scheduler, a document browser, a videoconferencing client, and a video answering-machine for visitors. This thesis provides an analysis of existing multimodal kiosk systems, describes the evolution of the current system's design, and presents the results of an empirical user study.

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Bakshi, Vishwas J. "Automated Human Pancreatic Islet Isolation System for Islet Transplantation in Patients with Type-i Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1078278715.

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Bakshi, Vishwas. "Automated human pancreatic islet isolation system for islet transplanttion in patients with Type-I insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1078278715.

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Törnell, Axel. "Möjligheter för automatiserade godstransporter I Västerbotten : Vilken påverkan har väginfrastruktur för potentialen till automatiserade transportsystem i region Västerbotten?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184377.

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The technology behind self-driving trucks in currently under development for deployment on public road. The objective of this study is to explore and understand the number of industries that could be reached by self-driving trucks with the limits of Västerbottens current road network. The effect from implementing self-driving trucks is an emerging research field. We do not understand to what extent the physical infrastructure affect which industries may be able to use self-driving trucks since there is a lack of exploration and research within the scientific literature. The thesis has been conducted by a literature study, interviews, and a spatial analysis. The spatial analysis examined the potential for self-driving trucks to access industries depending on what road infrastructure self-driving trucks are assumed to be able to operate. The number of industries that self-driving trucks can access was calculated for four different subsets of the road networks: The European highway network, National highway network, Functional priority road network and roads with driving lane with over 5m. This resulted in the conclusion that the European highway network had the lowest number of industries within the search radiuses, a considerate amount of all industries (49%) was still within a 1 km radius. The road type “Driving lane with over 5m” having a clear majority of the industries with a total of 94% of the industries within a 1 km radius. The findings of this study suggest that self-driving trucks which are capable of operating only at a limited part of the road network still potentially could be used for a relatively large number of industrial freight transport flows in Västerbotten. This could indicate that self-driving trucks with a limited operating design domain could address a substantial share of the freight transport market.

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Rozzi, Simone. "The organisational precursors to human automation interaction issues in safety-critical domains : the case of an automated alarm system from the air traffic management domain." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2016. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/21259/.

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Much has been written about the side effects of automation in complex safety-critical domains, such as air traffic management, aviation, nuclear power generation, and healthcare. Here, human factors and safety researchers have long acknowledged that the potential of automation to increase cost-effectiveness, quality of service and safety, is accompanied by undesired side effects or issues in human automation interaction (HAI). Such HAI issues may introduce the potential for increased confusion, uncertainty, and frustration amongst sharp end operators, i.e. the users of automation. These conditions may result in operators to refuse to use the automation, in impaired ability of operators to control the hazardous processes for which they are responsible, and in new, unintended paths to safety failure. The present thesis develops a qualitative framework of the organisational precursors to HAI issues (OPHAII) that can be found in safety-critical domains. Organisational precursors denote those organisational and managerial conditions that, although distant in time and space from the operational environment, may actually influence the quality of HAI found there. Such precursors have been extensively investigated by organisational safety (OS) scholars in relation to the occurrence of accidents and disasters—although not HAI issues. Thus, the framework’s development is motivated by the intent to explore the theoretical gap lying at the intersection between the OS area and the current perspectives on the problem—the human computer interaction (HCI) and the system lifecycle ones. While considering HAI issues as a design problem or a failure in human factors integration and/or safety assurance respectively, both perspectives, in fact, ignore, the organisational roots of the problem. The OPHAII framework was incrementally developed based on three qualitative studies: two successive, historical, case studies coupled with a third corroboratory expert study. The first two studies explored the organisational precursors to a known HAI issue: the nuisance alert problem relative to an automated alarm system from the air traffic management domain. In particular, the first case study investigated retrospectively the organisational response to the nuisance alert problem in the context of the alarm’s implementation and improvement in the US between 1977 and 2006. The second case study has a more contemporary focus, and examined at the organisational response to the same problem within two European Air Navigation Service Providers between 1990 and 2010. The first two studies produced a preliminary version of the framework. The third study corroborated and refined this version by subjecting it to the criticism from a panel of 11 subject matter experts. The resulting framework identifies three classes of organisational precursors: (i) the organisational assumptions driving automation adoption and improvement; (2) the availability of specific organisational capabilities for handling HAI issues; and (3) the control of implementation quality at the boundary between the service provider and the software manufacturer. These precursors advance current understanding of the organisational factors involved in the (successful and problematic) handling of HAI issues within safety-critical service provider organisations. Its dimensions support the view that HAI issues can be seen as and organisational phenomenon—an organisational problem that can be the target of analysis and improvements complementary to those identified by the HCI and the system lifecycle perspectives.

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Carmody, Meghan A. "Task-Dependent Effects of Automation: The Role of Internal Models in Performance, Workload, and Situational Awareness in a Semi-Automated Cockpit." Ft. Belvoir Defense Technical Information Center, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA292538.

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Reichenbach, Juliane [Verfasser], Dietrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Manzey, Dietrich [Gutachter] Manzey, and Hartmut [Gutachter] Wandke. "Human performance consequences of automated decision aids : the impact of degree of automation, system experience, and operator functional state / Juliane Reichenbach ; Gutachter: Dietrich Manzey, Hartmut Wandke ; Betreuer: Dietrich Manzey." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1156181410/34.

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Sinaci, Ali Anil. "A Conformance And Interoperability Test Suite For Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610677/index.pdf.

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Conformance to standards and interoperability is a major challenge of today`s applications in all domains. Several standards have been developed and some are still under development to address the various layers in the interoperability stack. Conformance and interoperability testing involves checking whether the applications conform to the standards so that they can interoperate with other conformant systems. Only through testing, correct information exchange among applications can be guaranteed. National Health Information System (NHIS) of Turkey aims to provide a nation-wide infrastructure for sharing Electronic Health Records (EHRs). In order to guarantee the interoperability, the Ministry of Health (MoH), Turkey, developed an Implementation/Integration/Interoperability Profile based on HL7 standards. TestBATN - Testing Business Process, Application, Transport and Network Layers - is a domain and standards independent set of tools which can be used to test all of the layers of the interoperability stack, namely, the Communication Layer, Document Content Layer and the Business Process Layer. In this thesis work, the requirements for conformance and interoperability testing of the NHIS are analyzed, a testing approach is designated, test cases for several NHIS services are developed and deployed and a test execution control and monitoring environment within TestBATN is designed and implemented through the identified testing requirements. The work presented in this thesis is part of the TestBATN system supported by the TÜ
BiTAK TEYDEB Project No: 7070191 in addition by the Ministry of Health, Turkey.

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Efstathiou, Teresia. "AUTOMATISERADE FLYGPLAN: EN EMPIRISK STUDIE OM FLYGPASSAGERARES INSTÄLLNING." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44677.

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Automatiska flygningssystem och kontrollpresentationsenheter utvecklas hela tiden inom flygteknik. Avionik företag skapar datoriserade system som ska kunna automatisera ytterligare aspekter av de operationer som sker i cockpit. Att flyga ska inte bedömas vara något riskfyllt och för att säkerställa säkerhetssynen är det betydelsefullt att ta reda på om människor uppfattar teknikens framgång som positiv. Syftet är att ta reda på människans uppfattning och inställning till automatiserade flygplan. Frågeställningen besvaras genom en empirisk studie där först en noggrann bakgrundsundersökning gjorts för att få fram information om var automatiserade flygplan befinner sig gällande dess utveckling och framgång. Med hjälp av en gedigen bakgrund har en kvantitativ enkät undersökning genomförts som på bästa sätt ger svar på frågeställningen om automatiserade flygplan anses vara ett säkert transportmedel. Majoriteten av respondenterna, 86,9%, anser det vara viktigt eller väldigt viktigt att det finns en pilot som styr flygplanet. Automatiserade fraktflygplan är det som ligger närmast i framtiden jämfört med civila flygplan. Det har framförts att ökad förståelse om teknik ger en ökad tillit till AI och ju mer tillit till AI desto större chans till att skapa en bättre trygghetskänsla till automatiserade flygplan. Det kan även konkluderas att pilotlösa flygplan som styrs från kontrollrum på marken inte bör agera som en övergång till helt automatiserade flygplan. Istället föredras en stegvis automatisering i form av en digital andrepilot som hjälpmedel. Det måste dessutom skapas en större medvetenhet i hur flygplanen opererar för att få passagerare mottagbara till vidare utveckling. Slutligen måste inte automatiserade flygplan vara helt perfekta och eftersträva en omöjlig standard.
Automatic flight systems and control presentation units are constantly being developed in aviation technology. Avionic companies create computerized systems that will be able to automate additional aspects of the operations that take place in the cockpit. Flying should not be judged to be somewhat risky and to ensure safety, it is important to find out whether people perceive the technology's success as positive. The purpose is to find out about the people’s perception and attitude towards automated aircraft. The question is answered through an empirical study in which a thorough background study was first made to obtain information about where automated aircraft are located in relation to its development and success. With the help of a solid background, a quantitative questionnaire survey has been conducted that best answers the question of whether automated aircraft are considered a safe means of transport. The majority of respondents, 86.9%, consider it important or very important that there is a pilot who controls the aircraft. Automated cargo aircraft are the closest in the future compared to civil aircraft. It has been argued that increased understanding of technology gives increased confidence in AI and the more confidence in AI the greater the chance of creating a better sense of security for automated aircraft. It can also be concluded that pilotless aircraft controlled from control rooms on the ground should not act as a transition to fully automated aircraft. Instead, a step-by-step automation in the form of a digital second pilot is preferred. In addition, a greater awareness must be created in how the aircraft operate to get passengers susceptible to further development. Finally, automated aircraft need not be perfectly perfect and strive for an impossible standard.

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Arcaroli, Cristian. "Interfaccia grafica per l'elaborazione di immagini microscopiche di colture batteriche geneticamente modificate." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3540/.

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Le moderne tecniche di imaging e i recenti sviluppi nel campo della visione computazionale consentono sempre più diffusamente l'utilizzo di metodi di image analysis, specialmente in ambito medico e biologico, permettendo un maggiore supporto sia alla diagnosi, sia alla ricerca. Il lavoro svolto in questa tesi si pone in un contesto di ricerca di carattere interdisciplinare, e riguarda il progetto e la realizzazione di un‘interfaccia grafica per l'analisi di colture batteriche geneticamente modificate, marcate con proteine fluorescenti (GFP), acquisite tramite un microscopio ad epifluorescenza. Nota la funzione di risposta del sistema di acquisizione delle immagini, l'analisi quantitativa delle colture batteriche è effettuata mediante la misurazione di proprietà legate all'intensità della risposta al marcatore fluorescente. L'interfaccia consente un'analisi sia globale dei batteri individuati nell'immagine, sia di singoli gruppi di batteri selezionati dall'utente, fornendo utili informazioni statistiche, sia in forma grafica che numerica. Per la realizzazione dell'interfaccia sono state adottate tecniche di ingegneria del software, con particolare enfasi alla interazione uomo-macchina e seguendo criteri di usability, al fine di consentire un corretto utilizzo dello strumento anche da parte di personale senza conoscenza in campo informatico.

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Silva, Cleyton Rafael Gomes. "Pupilometria na investigação de diabetes mellitus tipo II." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9069.

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Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-11-14T13:02:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cleyton Rafael Gomes Silva - 2018.pdf: 3259568 bytes, checksum: 21f7d8194e8929ef29e8df95ef8f6a0a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-14T13:02:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cleyton Rafael Gomes Silva - 2018.pdf: 3259568 bytes, checksum: 21f7d8194e8929ef29e8df95ef8f6a0a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-28
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Examining human pupillary behavior is a non-invasive, low-cost method for assessing neurological activity. Changes in this behavior are correlated to various health conditions, such as: Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, autism and diabetes. In order to obtain information about the pupillary behavior, it is necessary to measure the pupil diameter in procedures that induce pupillary reflexes, known as Pupilometry. Pupillary measurement is made by filming the procedures when applying computer vision techniques for pupil recognition. The objective of this research was to develop an Automated Pupilometry System (SAP) to support the investigation of patients with type II diabetes mellitus. SAP was able to record, induce, and extract 96 pupil features. In the experiment with 15 healthy patients and 16 diabetics, a 94% accuracy in the identification of diabetics type II was obtained, demonstrating the efficiency of SAP for the performance of examinations, and evidencing the potential of pupil use in the investigation of diabetes mellitus type II.
Examinar o comportamento pupilar humano é um método não-invasivo e de baixo-custo para avaliar atividade neurológica. Alterações neste comportamento são correlacionadas a várias condições de saúde, como: Parkinson, Alzheimer, autismo e diabetes. Para se obter informações do comportamento pupilar é necessário medir o diâmetro da pupila em procedimentos que induzem os reflexos pupilares, conhecidos como Pupilometria. A medição pupilar é feita por meio da filmagem dos procedimentos ao aplicar-se técnicas de visão computacional para reconhecimento da pupila. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver um Sistema Automatizado de Pupilometria (SAP) para apoiar a investigação de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo II. O SAP foi capaz de gravar, induzir, e extrair 96 característicaspupilares. No experimento com 15 pacientes saudáveis e 16 diabéticos foi obtida uma acurácia de 94% na identificação de diabéticos tipo II, demonstrando a eficiência do SAP para a performance de exames, e evidenciando o potencial do uso da pupila na investigação de diabetes mellitus tipo II.

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Blom, Martin. "Automated Prediction of Human Disease Genes." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/19529.

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The completion of the human genome project has led to a flood of new genetic data, that has proved surprisingly hard to interpret. Network "guilt by association" (GBA) is a proven approach for identifying novel disease genes based on the observation that similar mutational phenotypes arise from functionally related genes. However, GBA has been shown to work poorly in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), where many genes are somewhat implicated, but few are known with very high certainty. In the first part of this work, I resolve this by explicitly modeling the uncertainty of the associations and incorporating the uncertainty for the seed set into the GBA framework. I demonstrate a significant boost in the power to detect validated candidate genes for Crohn’s disease and type 2 diabetes by comparing the predictions from my method to results from follow-up meta-analyses, with incorporation of the network serving to highlight the JAK--STAT pathway and associated adaptors GRB2/SHC1 in Crohn’s disease and BACH2 in type 2 diabetes. Consideration of the network during GWAS thus conveys some of the benefits of enrolling more participants in the GWAS study. More generally, we demonstrate that a functional network of human genes provides a valuable statistical framework for prioritizing candidate disease genes in GWAS-based studies. Furthermore, functional gene networks are not the only kind of information that can be used to predict gene--phenotype associations. In the second part of this thesis, I show that gene-phenotype associations in model species from species as distantly related to humans as E. coli is another valuable source of information, that can be mined using methods similar to those used in recommender systems. Finally, in the last part of this thesis, I present a machine learning formalism that combines the functional gene network and model species phenotype information. I show that this approach outperforms the state of the art methods for gene-phenotype association prediction using cross-validation.
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Vaughan, Anne E. "Automated management information systems in human services : data applications in a community health centre." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22378.

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Nunes, Marli Damião Abade. "Automated Trading Systems VS Manual Trading in Forex Exchange Market." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/119886.

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Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Statistics and Information Management, specialization in Risk Analysis and Management
In the recent decades, automated trading has been widely used in Forex and Money Markets, as well as in financial markets. This auto trading provided substantial benefits to transaction efficiency. Many trading robots have been created to substitute humans, capable of simulating trading strategies and continuously making profits. Nevertheless, programs cannot reproduce all human behaviour and most robots are over-sensitive, therefore, it is difficult to have the same results as human traders. The study focuses on evaluating the trading machines sensitivity and effectiveness. The economic markets can benefit from the machine in several ways, through continuous operation, increasing diversification, short/term trading opportunities and by forecasting opportunities e. g. currency price changes. The further investigation indicates that the majority of forex trading robots are profitable, in fact, there is a great tendency for curve-fitting or data-mining. There are some impressive robots out there; of course, these systems maintain an advantage and successfully manage risk. The best ones are more about position sizing and cutting losses quickly and less about high win rates. The greater the sensitivity the greater the trading opportunities, but this decreases the performance. This research will contain interviews with experts that will validate the study.

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WANG, JING-WEN, and 王靖雯. "Automated Human Resource Scheduling System-Case Study of Detective Police Officers." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zq565y.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
企業管理系
107
In the government agencies that maintain social security, the most direct and frequent contact with the people is undoubtedly the police agencies at all levels, and therefore, the business of every level of police personnel is more complicated in the process of incident or time arrangement. And the police agencies have the characteristics of the year, not only to take into account both inside and outside and day and night, but also to consider the characteristics of regional law and order, labor scheduling not only time-consuming and laborious, there will be uneven scheduling, flexibility, staff false and so on. Therefore, a perfect and convenient scheduling system can save manpower at the same time, improve the efficiency of the police organization scheduling, increase police officers to the class of satisfaction, and thus improve efficiency. This research uses the generalized reduction gradient method (GRG) in Microsoft Excel's programming solution software, takes the Police bureau criminal investigation team as the instance test object. In order to make the scheduling model more close to the actual scheduling situation, on the basis of the model of the original condition construction, combined with the actual situation of the police station, the leave system and the task dispatch system have not been taken into account in the current scheduling system.

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Silva, Paula Guedes Fernandes da. "Novas tecnologias, Big Tech e potenciais violações de Direitos Humanos : o caso dos sistemas de recomendação." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/35771.

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Os sistemas de recomendação são ferramentas de inteligência artificial de filtragem de informações que buscam melhorar a experiência individual online ao indicar itens personalizados de acordo com as preferências, comportamentos e interesses extraídos dos dados dos usuários. Apesar de potencialmente benéfica, a atual forma de funcionamento cria riscos aos direitos humanos. Amparado em análise de doutrina jurídica internacional, busca-se possíveis soluções e estratégias de mitigação dos efeitos maléficos causados pelos sistemas de recomendação, principalmente em termos de violações de privacidade, diminuição da autonomia, manipulação, enfraquecimento de processos democráticos e discriminação. Nesse ambiente complexo, além da regulação jurídica em termos de proteção de dados, uma abordagem multidisciplinar e multisetorial, com base em princípios éticos, medidas educacionais, soluções tecnológicas e estratégias mercadológicas, que colocam o ser humano no centro da questão, parece ser ideal para minimizar os riscos e potencializar os benefícios da utilização desses sistemas.
Recommender systems are artificial intelligence tools for filtering information that seek to improve the individual online experience by recommending personalized items, based on preferences, behaviours and interests extracted from user’s data. Although potentially beneficial, the current implementation of these systems creates risks to human rights. Supported by an analysis of international legal doctrine, this work intends to seek possible solutions and strategies to mitigate the harmful effects caused by recommendation systems, mainly in terms of privacy violations, decreased autonomy, manipulation, impairment of democratic processes and discrimination. In this complex environment, in addition to legal regulation in terms of data protection, a multidisciplinary and multisectoral approach, based on ethical principles, educational measures, technological solutions and marketing strategies, which place the human being at the centre of the issue, seems to be ideal for minimize risks and enhance the benefits of using these systems.

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LEI, KANG-CHENG, and 雷康承. "The Study of Automated Testing Ratchet Height System Implemented by PLC with Human-machine Interface." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6c2qcu.

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碩士
大葉大學
機械與自動化工程學系
106
In this thesis,analysis and design of an automated production system is proposed for workpiece detection and assembly. This system consists of a Mitsubishi FX1N-40MR PLC, a Vibrator Bowl, Delta DOP-B05S111 human-machine interface and a Linear Feeder module. PLC program is designed for the automatic process to achieve automatic testing, feeding and Trouble Shooting Warkpiece and so on, by GX Developer sofeware platform.Then, human-machine interface(HMI) program is written to replace the traditional key operation interface with Screen Editor software platform. This HMI lets the user to operation the machine through the touch screen, graphically and intuitively. In addition, PLC and Human-machine Interface reach the connection through the RS422 communication port, Then, testing the workpiece from Vibrator Bowl to Linear Feeder. Finally, the proposes method is validated by the actual workpiece inspecation experiment.

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Fletcher, Luke Sebastian. "An automated co-driver for advanced driver assistance systems : the next step in road safety." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149848.

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Rocha, Ana Patrícia Oliveira Ferreira da. "System for automated motion analysis during gait using an RGB-D camera." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/29186.

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Nowadays it is still common in clinical practice to assess the gait (or way of walking) of a given subject through the visual observation and use of a rating scale, which is a subjective approach. However, sensors including RGB-D cameras, such as the Microsoft Kinect, can be used to obtain quantitative information that allows performing gait analysis in a more objective way. The quantitative gait analysis results can be very useful for example to support the clinical assessment of patients with diseases that can affect their gait, such as Parkinson’s disease. The main motivation of this thesis was thus to provide support to gait assessment, by allowing to carry out quantitative gait analysis in an automated way. This objective was achieved by using 3-D data, provided by a single RGB-D camera, to automatically select the data corresponding to walking and then detect the gait cycles performed by the subject while walking. For each detected gait cycle, we obtain several gait parameters, which are used together with anthropometric measures to automatically identify the subject being assessed. The automated gait data selection relies on machine learning techniques to recognize three different activities (walking, standing, and marching), as well as two different positions of the subject in relation to the camera (facing the camera and facing away from it). For gait cycle detection, we developed an algorithm that estimates the instants corresponding to given gait events. The subject identification based on gait is enabled by a solution that was also developed by relying on machine learning. The developed solutions were integrated into a system for automated gait analysis, which we found to be a viable alternative to gold standard systems for obtaining several spatiotemporal and some kinematic gait parameters. Furthermore, the system is suitable for use in clinical environments, as well as ambulatory scenarios, since it relies on a single markerless RGB-D camera that is less expensive, more portable, less intrusive and easier to set up, when compared with the gold standard systems (multiple cameras and several markers attached to the subject’s body).
Atualmente ainda é comum na prática clínica avaliar a marcha (ou o modo de andar) de uma certa pessoa através da observação visual e utilização de uma escala de classificação, o que é uma abordagem subjetiva. No entanto, existem sensores incluindo câmaras RGB-D, como a Microsoft Kinect, que podem ser usados para obter informação quantitativa que permite realizar a análise da marcha de um modo mais objetivo. Os resultados quantitativos da análise da marcha podem ser muito úteis, por exemplo, para apoiar a avaliação clínica de pessoas com doenças que podem afetar a sua marcha, como a doença de Parkinson. Assim, a principal motivação desta tese foi fornecer apoio à avaliação da marcha, permitindo realizar a análise quantitativa da marcha de forma automatizada. Este objetivo foi atingido usando dados em 3-D, fornecidos por uma única câmara RGB-D, para automaticamente selecionar os dados correspondentes a andar e, em seguida, detetar os ciclos de marcha executados pelo sujeito durante a marcha. Para cada ciclo de marcha identificado, obtemos vários parâmetros de marcha, que são usados em conjunto com medidas antropométricas para identificar automaticamente o sujeito que está a ser avaliado. A seleção automatizada de dados de marcha usa técnicas de aprendizagem máquina para reconhecer três atividades diferentes (andar, estar parado em pé e marchar), bem como duas posições diferentes do sujeito em relação à câmara (de frente para a câmara e de costas para ela). Para a deteção dos ciclos da marcha, desenvolvemos um algoritmo que estima os instantes correspondentes a determinados eventos da marcha. A identificação do sujeito com base na sua marcha é realizada usando uma solução que também foi desenvolvida com base em aprendizagem máquina. As soluções desenvolvidas foram integradas num sistema de análise automatizada de marcha, que demonstrámos ser uma alternativa viável a sistemas padrão de referência para obter vários parâmetros de marcha espácio-temporais e alguns parâmetros angulares. Além disso, o sistema é adequado para uso em ambientes clínicos, bem como em cenários ambulatórios, pois depende de apenas de uma câmara RGB-D que não usa marcadores e é menos dispendiosa, mais portátil, menos intrusiva e mais fácil de configurar, quando comparada com os sistemas padrão de referência (múltiplas câmaras e vários marcadores colocados no corpo do sujeito).
Programa Doutoral em Informática

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Shih, Mu-Cheng, and 施沐承. "Isolation of Rare Cells in Human Peripheral Blood Using an Automated Disk-based Microfluidic System for Non-invasive Prenatal Diagnosis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6mqq7x.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
應用力學研究所
106
Prenatal genetic diagnosis is becoming an important aspect of prenatal care. Traditional techniques to obtain the fetal sample, e.g. amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS), are the gold standard of prenatal diagnosis. However, the procedure are invasive, which carries an abortion rate of 0.25-2%. As a result, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is highly noticed in recent years. Many groups have developed non-invasive technique, which can be divided into two categories: cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) and isolation of circulating fetal nucleated cells (CFNCs). The cffDNA approach to NIPT is limited by the fragmented fetal DNA in maternal circulate, while the cell-based approach has the potential to enable comprehensive fetal diagnosis. This study proposes an automated disk-based microfluidic system. The fetal placental extravillous cytotrophoblast cells (EVTs) are isolated from maternal peripheral blood by density gradient centrifugation. The viability and stability of the microfluidic system are verified by spiking the MCF-7 cell line into non-pregnant woman blood. To simulate the rarity of fetal cells in the maternal blood, approximately 150 cells are spiked into 7.5 mL blood. After cells enrichment by the system, the recovery rate reaches 98.8%. Fetal cells are also isolated from maternal blood to obtain fetal genomic information. Peripheral blood of 14-18 mL from 34-38 year-old pregnant women between 14-24 weeks of gestation were tested. Taken together, this study introduces a novel automated disk-based microfluidic system to enrich fetal cells from maternal blood and the microfluidic system might provide a mean for NIPD.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human-automated systems'

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