Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human-automated systems

Academic literature on the topic 'Human-automated systems'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Human-automated systems"

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LEVITAN, LEE, GARY GOLEMBIEWSKI, and JOHN R. BLOOMFIELD. "Human Factors Issues for Automated Highway Systems." ITS Journal - Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal 4, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 21–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10248079808903735.

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A.K. Noaman, Redwan, Mohd Alauddin Mohd Ali, Nasharuddin Zainal, and Faisal Saeed. "Human Detection Framework for Automated Surveillance Systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i2.9578.

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Vision-based systems for surveillance applications have been used widely and gained more research attention. Detecting people in an image stream is challenging because of their intra-class variability, the diversity of the backgrounds, and the conditions under which the images were acquired. Existing human detection solutions suffer in their effectiveness and efficiency. In particular, the accuracy of the existing detectors is characterized by their high false positive and negative. In addition, existing detectors are slow for online surveillance systems which lead to large delay that is not suitable for surveillance systems for real-time monitoring. In this paper, a holistic framework is proposed for enhancing the performance of human detection in surveillance system. In general, the framework includes the following stages: environment modeling, motion object detection, and human object recognition. In environment modeling, modal algorithm has been suggested for background initialization and extraction. Then for effectively classifying the motion object, edge detecting and B-spline algorithm have been used for shadow detection and removal. Then, enhanced Lucas–Kanade optical flow has been used to get the area of interest for object segmentation. Finally, to enhance the segmentation, some morphological processes were performed. In the motion object recognition stage, segmentation for each blob is performed and processed to the human detector which is a complete learning-based system for detecting and localizing objects/humans in images using mixtures of deformable part models (PFF detector). Results show enhancement in each phase of the proposed framework. These enhancements are shown in the overall performance of human detection in surveillance system.
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A.K. Noaman, Redwan, Mohd Alauddin Mohd Ali, Nasharuddin Zainal, and Faisal Saeed. "Human Detection Framework for Automated Surveillance Systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i2.pp877-886.

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Vision-based systems for surveillance applications have been used widely and gained more research attention. Detecting people in an image stream is challenging because of their intra-class variability, the diversity of the backgrounds, and the conditions under which the images were acquired. Existing human detection solutions suffer in their effectiveness and efficiency. In particular, the accuracy of the existing detectors is characterized by their high false positive and negative. In addition, existing detectors are slow for online surveillance systems which lead to large delay that is not suitable for surveillance systems for real-time monitoring. In this paper, a holistic framework is proposed for enhancing the performance of human detection in surveillance system. In general, the framework includes the following stages: environment modeling, motion object detection, and human object recognition. In environment modeling, modal algorithm has been suggested for background initialization and extraction. Then for effectively classifying the motion object, edge detecting and B-spline algorithm have been used for shadow detection and removal. Then, enhanced Lucas–Kanade optical flow has been used to get the area of interest for object segmentation. Finally, to enhance the segmentation, some morphological processes were performed. In the motion object recognition stage, segmentation for each blob is performed and processed to the human detector which is a complete learning-based system for detecting and localizing objects/humans in images using mixtures of deformable part models (PFF detector). Results show enhancement in each phase of the proposed framework. These enhancements are shown in the overall performance of human detection in surveillance system.
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Chick, Morey J. "Human safety risk in automated information systems." Journal of Technology Transfer 10, no. 2 (March 1986): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02173399.

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Micheletti, G. F. "The automated factory—Human systems and creative propulsion." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 3, no. 4 (August 1988): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02601830.

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Gregoriades, A., and A. G. Sutcliffe. "Automated assistance for human factors analysis in complex systems." Ergonomics 49, no. 12-13 (October 10, 2006): 1265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140130600612721.

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Lyons, Joseph B., Kolina S. Koltai, Nhut T. Ho, Walter B. Johnson, David E. Smith, and R. Jay Shively. "Engineering Trust in Complex Automated Systems." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 24, no. 1 (January 2016): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1064804615611272.

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We studied the transparency of automated tools used during emergency operations in commercial aviation. Transparency (operationalized as increasing levels of explanation associated with an automated tool recommendation) was manipulated to evaluate how transparent interfaces influence pilot trust of an emergency landing planning aid. We conducted a low-fidelity study in which commercial pilots interacted with simulated recommendations from NASA’s Emergency Landing Planner (ELP) that varied in their associated levels of transparency. Results indicated that trust in the ELP was influenced by the level of transparency within the human–machine interface of the ELP. Design recommendations for automated systems are discussed.
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Fuest, Tanja, Alexander Feierle, Elisabeth Schmidt, and Klaus Bengler. "Effects of Marking Automated Vehicles on Human Drivers on Highways." Information 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11060286.

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Due to the short range of the sensor technology used in automated vehicles, we assume that the implemented driving strategies may initially differ from those of human drivers. Nevertheless, automated vehicles must be able to move safely through manual road traffic. Initially, they will behave as carefully as human learners do. In the same way that driving-school vehicles tend to be marked in Germany, markings for automated vehicles could also prove advantageous. To this end, a simulation study with 40 participants was conducted. All participants experienced three different highway scenarios, each with and without a marked automated vehicle. One scenario was based around some roadworks, the next scenario was a traffic jam, and the last scenario involved a lane change. Common to all scenarios was that the automated vehicles strictly adhered to German highway regulations, and therefore moved in road traffic somewhat differently to human drivers. After each trial, we asked participants to rate how appropriate and disturbing the automated vehicle’s driving behavior was. We also measured objective data, such as the time of a lane change and the time headway. The results show no differences for the subjective and objective data regarding the marking of an automated vehicle. Reasons for this might be that the driving behavior itself is sufficiently informative for humans to recognize an automated vehicle. In addition, participants experienced the automated vehicle’s driving behavior for the first time, and it is reasonable to assume that an adjustment of the humans’ driving behavior would take place in the event of repeated encounters.
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Ossig, Johannes, Stephanie Cramer, and Klaus Bengler. "Concept of an Ontology for Automated Vehicle Behavior in the Context of Human-Centered Research on Automated Driving Styles." Information 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12010021.

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In the human-centered research on automated driving, it is common practice to describe the vehicle behavior by means of terms and definitions related to non-automated driving. However, some of these definitions are not suitable for this purpose. This paper presents an ontology for automated vehicle behavior which takes into account a large number of existing definitions and previous studies. This ontology is characterized by an applicability for various levels of automated driving and a clear conceptual distinction between characteristics of vehicle occupants, the automation system, and the conventional characteristics of a vehicle. In this context, the terms ‘driveability’, ‘driving behavior’, ‘driving experience’, and especially ‘driving style’, which are commonly associated with non-automated driving, play an important role. In order to clarify the relationships between these terms, the ontology is integrated into a driver-vehicle system. Finally, the ontology developed here is used to derive recommendations for the future design of automated driving styles and in general for further human-centered research on automated driving.
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Ossig, Johannes, Stephanie Cramer, and Klaus Bengler. "Concept of an Ontology for Automated Vehicle Behavior in the Context of Human-Centered Research on Automated Driving Styles." Information 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12010021.

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In the human-centered research on automated driving, it is common practice to describe the vehicle behavior by means of terms and definitions related to non-automated driving. However, some of these definitions are not suitable for this purpose. This paper presents an ontology for automated vehicle behavior which takes into account a large number of existing definitions and previous studies. This ontology is characterized by an applicability for various levels of automated driving and a clear conceptual distinction between characteristics of vehicle occupants, the automation system, and the conventional characteristics of a vehicle. In this context, the terms ‘driveability’, ‘driving behavior’, ‘driving experience’, and especially ‘driving style’, which are commonly associated with non-automated driving, play an important role. In order to clarify the relationships between these terms, the ontology is integrated into a driver-vehicle system. Finally, the ontology developed here is used to derive recommendations for the future design of automated driving styles and in general for further human-centered research on automated driving.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human-automated systems"

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Bass, Ellen J. "Human-automated judgment learning : a research paradigm based on interpersonal learning to investigate human interaction with automated judgments of hazards." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25498.

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Twyman, Nathan W. "Automated Human Screening for Detecting Concealed Knowledge." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222874.

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Screening individuals for concealed knowledge has traditionally been the purview of professional interrogators investigating a crime. But the ability to detect when a person is hiding important information would be of high value to many other fields and functions. This dissertation proposes design principles for and reports on an implementation and empirical evaluation of a non-invasive, automated system for human screening. The screening system design (termed an automated screening kiosk or ASK) is patterned after a standard interviewing method called the Concealed Information Test (CIT), which is built on theories explaining psychophysiological and behavioral effects of human orienting and defensive responses. As part of testing the ASK proof of concept, I propose and empirically examine alternative indicators of concealed knowledge in a CIT. Specifically, I propose kinesic rigidity as a viable cue, propose and instantiate an automated method for capturing rigidity, and test its viability using a traditional CIT experiment. I also examine oculomotor behavior using a mock security screening experiment using an ASK system design. Participants in this second experiment packed a fake improvised explosive device (IED) in a bag and were screened by an ASK system. Results indicate that the ASK design, if implemented within a highly controlled framework such as the CIT, has potential to overcome barriers to more widespread application of concealed knowledge testing in government and business settings.
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Gao, Fei Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Modeling human attention and performance in automated environments with low task loading." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106592.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 211-225).
Automation has the benefit of reducing human operators' workload. By leveraging the power of computers and information technology, the work of human operators is becoming easier. However, when the workload is too low but the human is required to be present either by regulation or due to limitations of automation, human performance can be negatively affected. Negative consequences such as distraction, mind wandering, and inattention have been reported across many high risk settings including unmanned aerial vehicle operation, process control plant supervision, train engineers, and anesthesiologists. Because of the move towards more automated systems in the future, a better understanding is needed to enable intervention and mitigation of possible negative impacts. The objectives of this research are to systematically investigate the attention and performance of human operators when they interact with automated systems under low task load, build a dynamic model and use it to facilitate system design. A systems-based framework, called the Boredom Influence Diagram, was proposed to better understand the relationships between the various influences and outcomes of low task loading. A System Dynamics model, named the Performance and Attention with Low-task-loading (PAL) Model, was built based on this framework. The PAL model captures the dynamic changes of task load, attention, and performance over time in long duration low task loading automated environments. In order to evaluate the replication and prediction capability of the model, three dynamic hypotheses were proposed and tested using data from three experiments. The first hypothesis stated that attention decreases under low task load. This was supported by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of target searching using unmanned vehicles. Building on Hypothesis 1, the second and third hypotheses examined the impact of decreased attention on performance in responding to an emergency event. Hypothesis 2 was examined by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of accident response in nuclear power plant monitoring. Results showed that performance is worse with lower attention levels. Hypothesis 3 was tested by comparing model outputs with data from an experiment of defensive target tracking. The results showed that the impact of decreased attention on performance was larger when the task was difficult. The process of testing these three hypotheses shows that the PAL model is a generalized theory that could explain behaviors under low task load in different supervisory control settings. Finally, benefits, limitations, generalizability and applications of the PAL model were evaluated. Further research is needed to improve and extend the PAL model, investigate individual differences to facilitate personnel selection, and develop system and task designs to mitigate negative consequences.
by Fei Gao.
Ph. D. in Engineering Systems
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Banks, Victoria A. "Human factors considerations in the design and development of highly automated driving systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/397266/.

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Increasing levels of automation within the driving task has seen the driver’s role change from an active operator to one of a passive monitor. However, systems design has been plagued by criticism for failing to acknowledge the new role of the driver within the system network. To further our understanding of the driver’s role within an automated driving system, the theory of Distributed Cognition was adopted. Distributed Cognition provides a useful framework for the investigation of task partitioning between multiple system agents. A novel Systems Design Framework has been developed as part of this thesis that utilises both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies within the Distributed Cognition paradigm. The framework is divided into two phases, the first phase requires an understanding of how individual system agents function to create models that show how these components share information using Operator Sequence Diagrams whilst empirical methods were used to validate these models in the second phase (e.g. Verbal Protocol Analysis and Network Analysis). These extension methodologies were useful in highlighting a number of design weaknesses, beyond the modelled technological components, that required modification to improve overall system design. The Systems Design Framework has been successfully applied to assist Systems Engineers with a foundation to design and conduct research into the human factors implications of different levels of automation within driving.
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Ravenel, John Bishop. "Applying human-machine interaction design principles to retrofit existing automated freight planning systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122253.

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Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 66-70).
With the increased application of cognitive computing across the spectrum of industries, companies strive to ready their people and machines for future system change. Based on resource constraints, business needs, and the speed of change, many companies may opt for system augmentation rather than the adoption of entirely new systems. At the same time, changes in technology are increasing at paces never before realized. Against this backdrop, human actors and machines are working together interactively in new and increasing ways. Further, recent business model innovations, particularly in the retail space, have cast focus on logistics execution as a potential major competitive advantage. In this context, we considered the conceptual question of how best to iteratively improve a logistics planning system, which is composed of both human and machine actors, to reduce transportation and labor costs and increase the ability of the organization to think and act strategically.
In order to front these current technological realities - the need to stage for agent based systems and cognitive computing, the likelihood of system retrofit over rebuild, the ever increasing rate of change, and the rapid intertwining of human and machine roles - we proposed using human-machine interaction (HMI) design paradigms to retrofit an existing loosely coupled human-machine planning system. While HMI principles are normally applied to tightly coupled systems such as jet airplanes, the HMI architectural design applied novelly in this case showed significant application to an existing loosely coupled planning system. In addition to meeting the realities of today's competitive landscape, the developed HMI framework is tailored to a retrofit situation and also meets resiliency considerations. That novel conceptual proposal of HMI frameworks to an existing loosely coupled joint cognitive planning system shows tremendous promise to address these imminent realities.
With regards to the particular freight planning system considered, 71% of manual interventions were caused by the wrong sourcing facility being assigned to supply pallets to a customer. The remaining intervention causes were carrier changes 18%, customer restrictions 9%, and one change prompted by a data discrepancy. Further, at a conceptual level, the application of HMI frameworks to an existing freight planning system was effective at isolating data and alignment incongruences, displayed lower communication costs than recurrent system rework processes, and tethered well with system resiliency factors.
by John Bishop Ravenel.
M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management
M.Eng.inSupplyChainManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program
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Basantis, Alexis Rae. "Assessing Alternate Approaches for Conveying Automated Vehicle Intentions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95219.

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Objectives: Research suggests the general public has a lack of faith in highly automated vehicles (HAV) stems from a lack of system transparency while in motion (e.g., the user not being informed on roadway perception or anticipated responses of the car in certain situations). This problem is particularly prevalent in public transit or ridesharing applications, where HAVs are expected to debut, and when the user has minimal training on, and control over, the vehicle. To improve user trust and their perception of comfort and safety, this study aimed to develop more detailed and tailored human-machine interfaces (HMI) aimed at relying automated vehicle intended actions (i.e., "intentions") and perceptions of the driving environment to the user. Methods: This project developed HMI systems, with a focus on visual and auditory displays, and implemented them into a HAV developed at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI). Volunteer participants were invited to the Smart Roads at VTTI to experience these systems in real-world driving scenarios, especially ones typically found in rideshare or public transit operations. Participant responses and opinions about the HMIs and their perceived levels of comfort, safety, trust, and situational awareness were captured via paper-based surveys administered during experimentation. Results: There was a considerable link found between HMI modality and users' reported levels of comfort, safety, trust, and situational awareness during experimentation. In addition, there were several key behavioral factors that made users more or less likely to feel comfortable in the HAV. Conclusions: Moving forward, it will be necessary for HAVs to provide ample feedback to users in an effort to increase system transparency and understanding. Feedback should consistently and accurately represent the driving landscape and clearly communicate vehicle states to users.
Master of Science
One of the greatest barriers to the entry of highly automated vehicles (HAV) into the market is the lack of user trust in the vehicle. Research has shown that this lack of faith in the system primarily stems from a lack of system transparency while in motion (e.g., the user not being told how the car will react in a certain situation) and not having an effective way to control the vehicle in the event of a system failure. This problem is particularly prevalent in public transit or ridesharing applications, where HAVs are expected to first appear and where the user has less training and control over the vehicle. To improve user trust and perceptions of comfort and safety, this study developed human-machine interface (HMI) systems, focusing on visual and auditory displays, to better relay automated vehicle "intentions" and the perceived driving environment to the user. These HMI systems were then implemented into a HAV developed at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI) and tested with volunteer participants on the Smart Roads.
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Wagner, Ben. "Liable, but Not in Control? Ensuring Meaningful Human Agency in Automated Decision-Making Systems." Wiley, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poi3.198.

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Automated decision making is becoming the norm across large parts of society, which raises interesting liability challenges when human control over technical systems becomes increasingly limited. This article defines "quasi-automation" as inclusion of humans as a basic rubber-stamping mechanism in an otherwise completely automated decision-making system. Three cases of quasi- automation are examined, where human agency in decision making is currently debatable: self- driving cars, border searches based on passenger name records, and content moderation on social media. While there are specific regulatory mechanisms for purely automated decision making, these regulatory mechanisms do not apply if human beings are (rubber-stamping) automated decisions. More broadly, most regulatory mechanisms follow a pattern of binary liability in attempting to regulate human or machine agency, rather than looking to regulate both. This results in regulatory gray areas where the regulatory mechanisms do not apply, harming human rights by preventing meaningful liability for socio-technical decision making. The article concludes by proposing criteria to ensure meaningful agency when humans are included in automated decision-making systems, and relates this to the ongoing debate on enabling human rights in Internet infrastructure.
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Naujoks, Frederik, Sebastian Hergeth, Katharina Wiedemann, Nadja Schömig, Yannick Forster, and Andreas Keinath. "Test procedure for evaluating the human-machine interface of vehicles with automated driving systems." Taylor & Francis, 2019. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72242.

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Objective: The human–machine interface (HMI) is a crucial part of every automated driving system (ADS). In the near future, it is likely that—depending on the operational design domain (ODD)—different levels of automation will be available within the same vehicle. The capabilities of a given automation level as well as the operator’s responsibilities must be communicated in an appropriate way. To date, however, there are no agreed-upon evaluation methods that can be used by human factors practitioners as well as researchers to test this. Methods: We developed an iterative test procedure that can be applied during the product development cycle of ADS. The test procedure is specifically designed to evaluate whether minimum requirements as proposed in NHTSA’s automated vehicle policy are met. Results: The proposed evaluation protocol includes (a) a method to identify relevant use cases for testing on the basis of all theoretically possible steady states and mode transitions of a given ADS; (b) an expert-based heuristic assessment to evaluate whether the HMI complies with applicable norms, standards, and best practices; and (c) an empirical evaluation of ADS HMIs using a standardized design for user studies and performance metrics. Conclusions: Each can be used as a stand-alone method or in combination to generate objective, reliable, and valid evaluations of HMIs, focusing on whether they meet minimum requirements. However, we also emphasize that other evaluation aspects such as controllability, misuse, and acceptance are not within the scope of the evaluation protocol.
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Robertson, Joshua. "The application of the human-biometric sensor interaction method to automated border control systems." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/66822/.

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Biometrics components are used in many different systems and technologies to verify that the user is whom they say they are. In Automated Border Control systems, biometrics components used in conjunction with a traveller's documents to make sure the user is whom they say they are so that they can cross into a countries borders. The systems are expected to verify the identity with a higher degree than officers who manually check travellers. Each year the number of travellers crossing through a country borders increases and so systems are expected to handle bigger demands; through improving the user experience to ensuring accuracy and performance standards increase. While the system does bring its benefits through increased speed and higher security, there are drawbacks. One of the main issues with the systems is a lack of standardisation across implementations. Passing through an automated process at Heathrow may be different to Hong Kong. The infrastructure, information, environment and guidance given during the transaction will all greatly differ for the user. Furthermore, the individual components and subsequent processing will be evaluated using a different methodology too. This thesis reports on the contrasts between implementations, looking at solutions which utilise different biometric modalities and travel documents. Several models are devised to establish a process map which can be applied to all systems. Investigating further, a framework is described for a novel assessment method to evaluate the performance of a system. An RGB-D sensor is implemented, to track and locate the user within an interactive environment. By doing so, the user's interaction is assessed in real-time. Studies then report on the effectiveness of the solution within a replicated border control scenario. Several relationships are studied to improve the technologies used within the scenario. Successful implementation of the automated assessment method may improve the user's experience with systems, improving information and guidance, increasing the likelihood of successful interaction while maintaining a high level of security and quicker processing times.
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Poulin, Neal M. "The development of automated systems for metaphase location in cytogenetic preparations of human bone marrow." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31155.

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Cytogenetic evaluation of human bone marrow cells is one of the principal sources of diagnostic and prognostic information in the evaluation of the myeloid leukemias. In the majority of cases, these diseases are characterized by non-random chromosomal changes in the cells of the malignant clone. The chromosomal abnormalities are present only in the leukemic cells, which are distributed along with normal cells in the bone marrow and throughout the circulation. The objective of this thesis was to test the hypothesis that suitable criteria could be established for automated metaphase detection using human bone marrow preparations. This involved computerized, low resolution scanning of a specimen slide, and the measurement of object features which allowed metaphases to be adequately distinguished from nuclei and debris. Two approaches were investigated. The first used a line-scanning system, in which microscope slides were scanned line by line with a linear CCD detector, and focussing was performed automatically. Eighteen signal features were measured for each detected object. Three group discriminant function analysis was performed on objects from a large number of slides from both types of preparations, in order to distinguish metaphases from nuclei and debris. The second method evaluated the use of a frame scanning system. Objects were detected in a frame-by-frame scan of microscope slides, using a two dimensional CD camera. Feature measurements were performed for all objects within a specified area range, and three group discriminant function analysis was performed on data from a large number of slides. In both approaches, the performance of the discriminant functions was evaluated on independent samples collected from a number of patients, in order to determine the operational error rates of the systems. The sensitivity of the line scan system for metaphase detection was 86%, compared to 92% fror the frame scannning system, while the specificity was 84% for the line scan system, and 86% for the frame scanning system. The frame scan system was shown to be useful for determining the mitotic index of cells cultured for varying periods of time prior to fixation. Four patients with AML were examined, and the results of the analysis show that the mitotic indices could be determined in this way to an accuracy of approximately 5%. The mitotic indices differed as a function of time for different patients.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
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Books on the topic "Human-automated systems"

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Bereiter, Susan R. Troubleshooting and human factors in automated manufacturing systems. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Data Corp., 1989.

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(Emilio), Mordini E., and Green Manfred, eds. Identity, security and democracy: The wider social and ethical implications of automated systems for human identification. Amsterdam: Ios Press, 2009.

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1947-, Forrer Stephen E., Leibowitz Zandy B. 1947-, and Shore Jane, eds. Using computers in human resources: How to select and make the best use of automated HR systems. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1991.

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IFAC Symposium on Automated Systems Based on Human Skill and Knowledge (8th 2003 Göteborg, Sweden). Automated systems based on human skill and knowledge 2003: A proceedings volume from the 8th IFAC Symposium, Göteborg, Sweden, 22-24 September 2003. Oxford: Elsevier, 2004.

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Dietrich, Brandt, Černetič J, International Federation of Automatic Control., and IFAC Symposium on Automated Systems Based on Human Skill (6th : 1997 : Kranjska gora, Slovenia), eds. Automated systems based on human skill, 1997: Joint design of technology and organisation : a proceedings volume from the 6th IFAC Symposium, Kranjska gora, Slovenia, 17-19 September 1997. Oxford: Published for the International Federation of Automatic Control by Pergamon Press, 1998.

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International Conference on Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing and Hybrid Automation (2nd 1990 Honolulu, Hawaii). Ergonomics of hybrid automated systems II: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing and Hybrid Automation, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A., August 12-16, 1990. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990.

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IFAC Symposium on Automated Systems Based on Human Skill (5th 1995 Berlin, Germany). Automated systems based on human skill: Joint design of technology and organisation : a proceedings volume from the 5th IFAC Symposium, Berlin, Germany, 26-28 September, 1995. Oxford: Published for the International Federation of Automatic Control by Pergamon, 1996.

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International Conference on Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing and Hybrid Automation (3rd 1992 Gelsenkirchen, Germany). Ergonomics of hybrid automated systems III: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing and Hybrid Automation : Gelsenkirchen, Germany, August 26-28, 1992. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992.

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Dietrich, Brandt, Černetič J, International Federation of Automatic Control., and IFAC Symposium on Automated Systems Based on Human Skill (7th : 2000 : Aachen, Germany), eds. Automated systems based on human skill 2000: (joint design of technology and organisation) : a proceedings volume from the 7th IFAC Symposium, Aachen, Germany, 15-17 June 2000. Oxford, [England]: Pergamon, 2000.

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Office, General Accounting. Tax systems modernization: Automated Underreporter project shows need for human resource planning : report to the Chairman, Commerce, Consumer, and Monetary Affairs Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human-automated systems"

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Garland, Daniel J. "Automated Systems: The Human Factor." In Automation and Systems Issues in Air Traffic Control, 209–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76556-8_21.

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Mouloua, Mustapha, James C. Ferraro, Raja Parasuraman, Robert Molloy, and Brian Hilburn. "Human Monitoring of Automated Systems." In Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems, 1–26. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429458323-1.

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Brandenburg, Stefan. "Human Factors of Automated Driving Systems." In Autonomous Driving and Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), 321–34. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003048381-16.

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Guerlain, Stephanie, and Philip J. Smith. "Decision Support in Medical Systems." In Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems, 103–20. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429458323-6.

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Blackett, Claire. "Human-Centered Design in an Automated World." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 17–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68017-6_3.

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Schuster, David, and Joseph R. Keebler. "Cybersecurity in Organizations: A Sociotechnical Systems Approach." In Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems, 217–36. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429458323-12.

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Lee, Joonbum, Vindhya Venkatraman, John L. Campbell, and Christian M. Richard. "Workload and Attention Management in Automated Vehicles." In Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems, 213–30. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429458330-11.

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Behymer, Kyle J., and Brian P. McKenna. "Creating and Evaluating Human-Machine Teams in Context." In Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems, 121–38. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429458323-7.

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Meshkati, Najmedin. "Organizational and Safety Factors in Automated Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems." In Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems, 199–216. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429458323-11.

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McConnell, Daniel S., and Michael A. Rupp. "Motor Performance Assessment and Its Implication for Display and Control Systems." In Human Performance in Automated and Autonomous Systems, 27–42. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429458323-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human-automated systems"

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Muslim, Husam, and Makoto Itoh. "Human Factors Challenges in Automated Human-Machine Systems." In 2019 IEEE 8th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcce46687.2019.9015501.

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Chaudhary, Axat, Mayank Jobanputra, Saumil Shah, Ratnik Gandhi, Sanjay Chaudhary, and Raxit Goswami. "Automated human capital management system." In 2018 Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/syscon.2018.8369531.

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Baroff, Lynn, Charlie Dischinger, and David Fitts. "Human-rating Automated and Robotic Systems." In AIAA SPACE 2010 Conference & Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-8895.

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Mitchell, Elliot G., Rosa Maimone, and Lena Mamykina. "Characterizing Human vs. Automated Coaching." In CHI '20: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3334480.3383081.

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Bunting, A. J. "Modelling human performance in semi-automated systems." In International Conference on People in Control (Human Interfaces in Control Rooms, Cockpits and Command Centres). IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19990157.

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Baroff, Lynn, Charlie Dischinger, and David Fitts. "Human-Rating for Automated and Robotic Systems." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology (SMC-IT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc-it.2011.30.

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Guan, Benjamin X., Bir Bhanu, Prudence Talbot, and Sabrina Lin. "Automated Human Embryonic Stem Cell Detection." In 2012 IEEE Second International Conference on Healthcare Informatics, Imaging and Systems Biology (HISB). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hisb.2012.25.

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Farhangfar, A., A. M. Torre, and R. J. Shor. "Evaluating Human-Machine Interaction for Automated Drilling Systems." In SPE Canada Unconventional Resources Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/189811-ms.

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Kronberg, M., and P. Poole. "Automated airdrop information retrieval system - Human factors database." In 13th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1588.

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Dubey, Supriya, and Rajitha Bakthula. "Automated gender estimation from human rib cage image." In 2014 Students Conference on Engineering and Systems (SCES). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sces.2014.6880087.

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Reports on the topic "Human-automated systems"

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Nickerson, Jeffrey, Kalle Lyytinen, and John L. King. Automated Vehicles: A Human/Machine Co-learning Perspective. SAE International, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022009.

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Automated vehicles (AVs)—and the automated driving systems (ADSs) that enable them—are increasing in prevalence but remain far from ubiquitous. Progress has occurred in spurts, followed by lulls, while the motor transportation system learns to design, deploy, and regulate AVs. Automated Vehicles: A Human/Machine Co-learning Experience focuses on how engineers, regulators, and road users are all learning about a technology that has the potential to transform society. Those engaged in the design of ADSs and AVs may find it useful to consider that the spurts and lulls and stakeholder tussles are a normal part of technology transformations; however, this report will provide suggestions for effective stakeholder engagement.
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Roback, Edward. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' automated information systems security program handbook. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4636.

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Cassimatis, Nicholas L. Enabling More Complex and Adaptive Systems with Machine and Human Components using Automated Reasoning Methods. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada590228.

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Coyner, Kelley, and Jason Bittner. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Pavement Markings and Signs. SAE International, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022011.

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Transportation infrastructure systems serve as the platform for emerging automated vehicle (AV) technologies and, in their current condition, limit the reliability of these new vehicles. Road conditions, lane markings, and signs provide essential guidance and information to both human- and machine-controlled vehicles; however, their condition and placement vary depending on local conditions, practices, and funding. Irregular sign placements and road markings confuse both human and machine drivers and can create unsafe conditions. Still, in the short term, they are the easiest factor to adjust regarding successful AV deployment. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Pavement Markings and Signsexamines the issues associated with pavement markings and signs in the context of advanced automation. The report focuses on unresolved issues between the AV industry and infrastructure owners and operators and provides opportunities and recommendations for the AV industry and the larger transportation community to address reliability issues.
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Beiker, Sven. Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users. SAE International, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2020023.

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The focus of this SAE EDGE™ Research Report is to address a topic overlooked by many who choose to view automated driving systems and AVs from a “10,000-foot” perspective: how automated vehicles (AVs) will actually communicate with other road users. Conventional (human-driven) vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians already have a functioning system of understating each other while on the move. Adding automated vehicles to the mix requires assessing the spectrum of existing modes of communication – both implicit and explicit, biological and technological, and how they will interact with each other in the real world. The impending deployment of AVs represents a major shift in the traditional approach to ground transportation; its effects will inevitably be felt by parties directly involved with the vehicle manufacturing and use and those that play roles in the mobility ecosystem (e.g., aftermarket and maintenance industries, infrastructure and planning organizations, automotive insurance providers, marketers, telecommunication companies). Unsettled Issues Regarding Communication of Automated Vehicles with Other Road Users brings together the multiple scenarios we are likely to see in a future not too far away and how they are likely to play out in practical ways.
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Muelaner, Jody, ed. Unsettled Issues in Commercial Vehicle Platooning. SAE International, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021027.

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Platooning has the potential to reduce the energy consumption of commercial vehicles while improving safety; however, both advantages are currently difficult to quantify due to insufficient data and the wide range of variables affecting models. Platooning will significantly reduce the use of energy when compared to trucks driven alone, or at a safe distance for a driver without any automated assistance. Platooning will also reduce stopping distances—multiple states in the US have passed laws authorizing truck platoons to operate at shorter gaps than are authorized for normal, human-driven trucks. However, drivers typically do not currently leave the recommended gaps and, therefore, already gain much of the potential energy savings by drafting lead vehicles, albeit illegally. The automated systems associated with platooning cannot be programmed to flout safety recommendations in the way that human drivers routinely do. Therefore, actual energy savings may be minimal while safety may be greatly improved. More data will be needed to conclusively demonstrate a safety gain. Recommended safe gaps are currently highly generalized and must necessarily assume worst-case braking performance. Using a combination of condition monitoring and vehicle-to-vehicle communications, platooning systems will be able to account for the braking performance of other vehicles within the platoon. If all the vehicles in a platoon have a high level of braking performance, the platoon will be able to operate in a more efficient, tighter formation. Driver acceptance of platooning technology will increase as the systems become more effective and do not displace jobs. The increased loading of infrastructure must also be considered, and there may be requirements for upgrades on bridges or restrictions on platooning operation.
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Lv, Chen. Human-like Decision-making and Control for Automated Driving. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022005.

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The on-vehicle automation system is primarily designed to replace the human driver during driving to enhance the performance and avoid possible fatalities. However, current implementations in automated vehicles (AVs) generally neglect that human imperfection and preference do not always lead to negative consequences, which prevents achieving optimized vehicle performance and maximized road safety. Human-like Decision-making and Control for Automated Driving will take one step forward to address unsettled technologies in human-like automated driving to break through the limitation for future vehicle automation application existing methods and emerging technologies in Human driving feature modeling and analysis Personalized motion control for AVs Human-like decision making for AVs
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Chien, Stanley, Yaobin Chen, Lauren Christopher, Mei Qiu, and Zhengming Ding. Road Condition Detection and Classification from Existing CCTV Feed. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317364.

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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) has approximately 500 digital cameras along highways in populated areas of Indiana. These cameras are used to monitor traffic conditions around the clock, all year round. Currently, the videos from these cameras are observed one-by-one by human operators looking for traffic conditions and incidents. The main objective of this research was to develop an automatic, real-time system to monitor traffic conditions and detect incidents automatically. The Transportation and Autonomous Systems Institute (TASI) of the Purdue School of Engineering and Technology at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) and the Traffic Management Center of INDOT developed a system that monitors the traffic conditions based on the INDOT CCTV video feeds. The proposed system performs traffic flow estimation, incident detection, and classification of vehicles involved in an incident. The research team designed the system, including the hardware and software components added to the existing INDOT CCTV system; the relationship between the added system and the currently existing INDOT system; the database structure for traffic data extracted from the videos; and a user-friendly, web-based server for showing the incident locations automatically. The specific work in this project includes vehicle-detection, road boundary detection, lane detection, vehicle count over time, flow-rate detection, traffic condition detection, database development, web-based graphical user interface (GUI), and a hardware specification study. The preliminary prototype of some system components has been implemented in the Development of Automated Incident Detection System Using Existing ATMS CCT (SPR-4305).
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Dietrich, Anna Mracek. Unsettled Topics in the General Aviation Autonomy Landscape. SAE International, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022004.

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The extent of automation and autonomy used in general aviation (GA) has been accelerating dramatically. This has huge potential benefits for safety given that 75% of accidents in personal and on-demand GA are due to pilot error. However, an approach to certifying autonomous systems that relies on reversionary modes limits their potential to improve safety. Placing a human pilot in a situation where they are suddenly tasked with flying an airplane in a failed situation, often without sufficient situational awareness, is overly demanding. This, coupled with advancing technology that may not align with a deterministic certification paradigm, creates an opportunity for new approaches to certifying autonomous and highly automated aircraft systems. Unsettled Topics in the General Aviation Autonomy Landscape discusses how these new approaches must account for the multifaceted aviation approach to risk management which has interlocking requirements for airworthiness and operations (including training and airspace integration). If implemented properly, autonomy can take GA safety to the next level while simultaneously increasing the number and variety of aircraft and transportation options they provide.
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Poole, Paula M., Marcie S. Kronberg, and Debra Meyers. Automated Airdrop Information Retrieval System-Human Fact ors Database (AAIRS-HFD) (Users Manual). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada285571.

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