Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human antiquity

Academic literature on the topic 'Human antiquity'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Human antiquity"

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Gillespie, Alexander. "Ideas of Human Rights in Antiquity." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 17, no. 3 (September 1999): 233–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/092405199901700302.

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Bower, B. "Fossil May Extend Antiquity of Human Line." Science News 141, no. 9 (February 29, 1992): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3976195.

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Cartledge, Paul, Graham Shipley, John Salmon, and Brian K. Roberts. "Human Landscapes in Classical Antiquity: Environment and Culture." American Journal of Archaeology 101, no. 4 (October 1997): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/506846.

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Irwin, M. Eleanor, Graham Shipley, and John Salmon. "Human Landscapes in Classical Antiquity. Environment and Culture." Phoenix 51, no. 3/4 (1997): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1192554.

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Humphries, Mark, Graham Shipley, and John Salmon. "Human Landscapes in Classical Antiquity. Environment and Culture." Classics Ireland 7 (2000): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25528368.

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Araújo, Adauto, and Luiz Fernando Ferreira. "Paleoparasitology and the antiquity of human host-parasite relationships." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 95, suppl 1 (2000): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02762000000700016.

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Stiebert, Johanna. "Human Conception in Antiquity: The Hebrew Bible in Context." Theology & Sexuality 16, no. 3 (February 20, 2010): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/tse.v16i3.209.

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Aaronson, S. "A role for algae as human food in antiquity." Food and Foodways 1, no. 3 (August 1986): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07409710.1986.9961891.

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Trinkaus, Erik. "Anatomical evidence for the antiquity of human footwear use." Journal of Archaeological Science 32, no. 10 (October 2005): 1515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2005.04.006.

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Hall, Jonathan M. "Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 8, no. 2 (October 1998): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300001864.

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How should archaeologists approach ethnicity? This concept, which has such wide currency in social and anthropological studies, remains elusive when we seek to apply it to the archaeological past. The importance of ethnicity in our late twentieth-century world can easily lead us to believe that it must long have been a key element in human relations and awareness. The practice of defining oneself and one's group by contrast and opposition to other individuals and other groups, from the family level upwards, appears a basic feature of human behaviour. Ethnicity is a part of this social logic, though ethnic groups, and ethnicity itself, are notoriously difficult to define.Can we identify and distinguish ethnic groupings in the archaeological record? Had one posed that question earlier this century the answer would have no doubt have made immediate reference to the ‘culture-people hypothesis’; the idea that archaeological assemblages may be combined into ‘cultures’ defined by recurring features, be they metalwork, ceramic forms and decoration, or lithic technology. Each culture so defined might be equated (hypothetically at least) with a former people. Ethnographic studies, however, have long shown that these equations are overly simplistic. Phenomena such as the ‘Beaker culture’ are no longer assumed to be the material expression of a single ethnic group.Where historical evidence is available, it may be able to overcome some of the difficulties and examine just how a historical ethnic group — as perceived and defined by its own members — relates to a body of archaeological material. Jonathan Hall's study of ethnic identity in ancient Greece provides an excellent example of just such an approach. It also raises broader issues concerning the definition of ethnicity and its recognition in the archaeological record. Hall himself takes the view that ethnicity depends on what people say, not what they do; hence material culture alone, without supporting literary evidence, is an insufficient basis for the investigation of ethnic identity in past societies. To accept that view is to rule out the study of ethnicity for the greater part of the human past; we may suspect that ethnic groups played a part, but be unable to identify any surviving cultural parameters. Against such a pessimistic assessment, however, there is the contrary argument, that ethnicity may be expressed as well in material culture as in words. Should that be the case, archaeology may indeed be well equipped to open a window on past ethnicity, whether or not there are relevant contemporary texts.We begin this review feature in our usual way, with a summary by Jonathan Hall of the arguments set out in his book. Five commentators then take up the theme, raising comments and criticisms to which Hall responds in a closing reply.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human antiquity"

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Irwin, Martin. "Prehistoric heroes in Victorian fiction : the antiquity of man and the evolutionary human." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27394.

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This thesis examines the cultural and literary impact of the establishment of the ‘antiquity of man’, or the discovery of human remains in geological association with those of extinct mammals. This mid-nineteenth-century scientific development greatly extended the length of human (pre)history and, when read in conjunction with the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin, allowed for the possibility of the prior existence of other species of human. The thesis pursues contemporary discussions of human antiquity in the popular and periodical press before moving on to an examination of early ‘prehistoric fiction’, much of which was published in magazines and periodicals. Rather than dealing with the implications of human antiquity and evolution on their own terms, early prehistoric fiction, I suggest, amounted to a Victorian colonisation of human evolutionary history. The remainder of the thesis is given over to an analysis of the implications and effects of what I have termed ‘evolutionary colonialism’ through the work of George Meredith, Arthur Machen and Joseph Conrad – three writers with very different places in relation to the canon. Meredith’s work often seems to warn of the dangers of evolutionary colonialism, while in a handful of stories dealing with human antiquity Arthur Machen offers an alternative reading of human evolutionary history. Finally, in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness it is possible to perceive the consequences and underlying logic of the colonial interpretation of the evolutionary human.
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Driediger-Murphy, Lindsay G. "Human will and divine will in Roman divination." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:082d50ff-1838-4459-b66d-22e5d56d5f01.

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This thesis examines the relationship between human will and divine will as mediated through state divination in the Roman Middle and Late Republic. The nature of ancient evidence for incidents involving state divination, and for divinatory ‘rules’, is scrutinized: the historicity of many divinatory incidents recorded in Roman tradition is defended, and the existence of a body of basic divinatory ‘rules’ posited. Current models of the relationship between human and divine will in Roman divination are examined; the thesis challenges the ‘alignment’ model wherein the outcomes of state divination are assumed routinely to have aligned with the will of their recipients. Cases where divinatory outcomes do not appear to have aligned with recipients’ will are identified in Cicero, Livy, and Cassius Dio. The modern view that state divinatory techniques (auspication, haruspicy in sacrifice, and prodigy-interpretation) routinely generated desired results is called into question. The thesis then re-evaluates the canon of ancient ‘rule-statements’ generally cited as evidence for augural ‘principles’ that the report of a sign was considered as valid as an actual sign, and that it was acceptable for individuals to fabricate or to reject signs at will. Instead, it is suggested that a real sign was preferable to a reported one, and that the validity of an oblative sign depended on the individual’s awareness of it. Finally, the thesis proposes an alternative to the currently-accepted understanding of the auspicial procedure ‘servare de caelo’, arguing that even this procedure need not be seen as invariably generating signs in alignment with human will and as countenancing sign-falsification. These conclusions are held to encourage a re-consideration of the modern understanding of the nature of Roman state divination and of Roman religion.
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Fowler, Michael Anthony. "Bad Blood? Varying Attitudes on Human Sacrifice in Archaic Greek Art." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8905.

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Kaniari, Assimina. "Modernity and the scientific uses of design : a critical investigation in the notion of art and style of the artificial with special reference to the human antiquity controversy 1858-1908." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425032.

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Mercer, Jarred A. "Divine perfection and human potentiality : trinitarian anthropology in Hilary of Poitiers' De Trinitate." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:306b5241-d82b-4d52-9fac-c4c8d75906de.

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No figure of fourth-century Christianity seems to be at once so well known and so clouded in mystery as Hilary of Poitiers. His work as an historian provides invaluable knowledge of the mid-fourth century, and he was praised as a theologian throughout late antiquity. Today, however, discussions of his theology are founded upon less solid ground. This is largely due to methodological issues. Modern scholarship has often read Hilary through anachronistic historical and theological categories which have rendered his thought incomprehensible. Recent scholars have sought to overcome this and to reexamine Hilary within his own historical, polemical, and theological context. Much remains to be said, however, in regard to Hilary's actual theological contribution within these contextual parameters. This thesis contends that in all of Hilary's polemical and constructive argumentation in De Trinitate, which is essentially trinitarian, he is inherently and necessarily developing an anthropology. In all he says about the divine, he is saying as much about what it means to be human. This thesis therefore seeks to reenvision Hilary's overall theological project in terms of the continual, and for him necessary, anthropological corollary of trinitarian theology-to reframe it in terms of a 'trinitarian anthropology'. My contention is that the coherence of Hilary's thought depends upon his understanding of divine-human relations. I will demonstrate this through following Hilary's main lines of trinitarian argument, out of which flows his anthropological vision. These main lines of argument, namely, divine generation, divine infinity, divine unity, the divine image, and divine humanity, each unfold into a progressive picture of humanity from potentiality to perfection. This not only provides a new paradigm for understanding Hilary's own thought, but invites us to reexamine our approach to fourth-century theology entirely, as it disavows any reading of the trinitarian controversies in conceptual abstraction. Further, theological and religious anthropology are widely discussed in contemporary scholarship, and Hilary's profound exploration of divine-human relations, and what it means to be a human being as a result, has much to offer both historical and contemporary concerns.
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Fowler, Michael Anthony. "Bad Blood? The Sacrifice of Polyxena in Archaic Greek Art." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8907.

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Fowler, Michael Anthony. "Of Cult and Cataclysm: Considerations on a Maiden Sacrifice at Mycenaean Kydonia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8909.

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Stoll, Daniel. "The Aesthetics of Storytelling and Literary Criticism as Mythological Ritual: The Myth of the Human Tragic Hero, Intertextual Comparisons Between the Heroes and Monsters of Beowulf and the Anglo-Saxon Exodus." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/577.

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For thousands of years, people have been hearing, reading, and interpreting stories and myths in light of their own experience. To read a work by a different author living in a different era and setting, people tend to imagine works of literature to be something they are not. To avoid this fateful tendency, I hope to elucidate what it means to read a work of literature and interpret it: love it to the point of wanting to foremost discuss its excellence of being a piece of art. Rather than this being a defense, I would rather call it a musing, an examination on two texts that I adore: Beowulf and the Anglo-Saxon Exodus
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Policante, Amedeo. "Hostis Humani Generis : pirates and empires from antiquity until today." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/8047/.

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This thesis has as its subject piracy and its relation to Empire. Through a methodological approach, it investigates the ways in which different discourses, throughout modernity, have contributed to the construction of a ‘pirate legend’ that continue to animate our present. The first part of the dissertation is dedicated to a study of the pirate figure as it appears in the context of various global orders from antiquity until the early eighteenth century. In this context, I argue that the suppression of piracy was a constitutive moment in the early history of the world market. The second part follows the ways in which the spectre of eighteenth century piracy has continued to haunt modern international law, well after the dawn of the classic ‘golden age of piracy’. I argue that the evocation of the ‘pirate analogy’ has played an important role in: the history of nineteenth European imperialism, in the escalation to total war in the twentieth century, and today in the context of the war on terror. The aim is to systematically contextualize how and why particular individuals and groups were perceived and described as ‘piratical’ in a certain historical and geographical context. In this way, it becomes possible to consider the significant historical continuities that underlie different discourses that, throughout history, have made use of the concept of ‘the pirate’; but also, it enables to follow the ways in which the meaning of that same concept changed in passing from one global order to another. There is a sense in which pirates have always been with us and yet, beneath the superficial timelessness of the subject, we discover fundamental discontinuities, sudden turnarounds, discursive shifts that transform the meaning of what a pirate is supposed to be.
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Curie, Julien. "Les travertins anthropiques, entre histoire, archéologie et environnement : étude geoarchéologique du site antique de Jebel Oust (Tunisie)." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL032/document.

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Le travertin, connu sous le terme de lapis tiburtinus dans l’Antiquité romaine, est une roche issue de la précipitation du carbonate dissous dans les eaux de sources chaudes (travertins) ou froides (tufs calcaires), sous l’influence de processus physico-chimiques et/ou biologiques. Ce phénomène est décrit dès l’époque gréco-romaine par les auteurs antiques (Strabon, Pline l’Ancien, Vitruve), qui témoignent d’une roche qui se forme sous leurs yeux, qui dessine le paysage et qui est largement exploitée pour la construction (p. ex. le Colisée à Rome, le Temple grec de Ségeste en Sicile). Abondamment répartis à la surface de la Terre et caractérisés par une certaine diversité morphologique, les travertins représentent d’excellents enregistreurs des conditions climatiques et hydrologiques de leur dépôt, offrant un potentiel très fiable d’archives sédimentaires utilisées au sein de problématiques paléoenvironnementales. La notion de travertins anthropiques définie ici prend en compte l’influence de l’Homme sur ces formations sédimentaires et les eaux qui leur sont associées. Elle est illustrée par une approche géoarchéologique des dépôts de travertins préservés sur le site antique de Jebel Oust, en Tunisie, où l’exploitation d’une source chaude est attestée depuis le début de notre ère jusqu’à son tarissement dès la fin de l’Antiquité tardive. La source thermale surgissant sur le versant oriental de la montagne fut l’objet d’un culte aux époques romaine puis paléochrétienne et alimentait en eau chaude, par le biais d’un aqueduc, un édifice thermal localisé en aval. Notre approche géoarchéologique met en lumière l’anthropisation du versant qui se traduit par un contrôle du fonctionnement de la source chaude et des dynamiques sédimentaires associées. En parallèle, l’analyse des travertins préservés au sein des structures antiques révèle des informations primordiales sur les conditions de déroulement du culte et sur les pratiques balnéaires (fonction des salles thermales, gestion de l’eau, phases de réfection, états d’abandon). Une vision plus générale d’une géoarchéologie des travertins anthropiques propose une nouvelle approche des problématiques liées à l’eau, en insistant sur la gestion plus ou moins complexe d’une source carbonatée, chaude ou froide, et en précisant le degré d’impact humain sur le développement des travertins
Travertine, known as lapis tiburtinus during Roman times, are continental limestones precipitated in calcareous environments from thermal waters of hot springs (travertine) or cool waters of karstic springs (calcareous tufa). This phenomenon is well-known during Classical Antiquity and had been described by several ancient authors (Strabo, Pliny the Elder, Vitruvius) who depicted a stone that forms extremely rapidly, a stone that outlines the landscape and which is largely used for construction (e.g. The Colosseum in Roma, the Greek temple at Segesta in Sicily). These deposits are widespread on Earth’s surface showing various morphologies and are great sedimentary records of climatic and hydrologic conditions. Thus they represent valuable proxies for palaeoenvironmental studies. The notion of anthropogenic travertine takes into consideration human impact on these deposits and on travertine-depositing waters. It is documented by the study of the roman site of Jebel Oust, Tunisia, where the exploitation of a hot spring is attested from the first century A.D. to the end of Late Antiquity. The site is characterized by a temple settled around the spring’s vent associated with Roman baths located downstream and supplied with hot water via an aqueduct. Our geoarchaeological approach brings to light the anthropization of the regional geosystem expressed by an entire control over the hot spring and its associated deposits. Furthermore the study of travertines preserved in the archaeological structures reveals precious and original information about water cult and bathing practices during Antiquity (thermal rooms function, water management, repair phases, states of neglect and decay). Moreover, geoarchaeology of anthropogenic travertine intends to offer a new approach of research‘s problematic dealing with water managements and integrating human impact on travertine’s development
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Books on the topic "Human antiquity"

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Thorsten, Fögen, and Lee Mireille M, eds. Bodies and boundaries in Graeco-Roman antiquity. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2009.

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Fögen, Thorsten. Bodies and boundaries in Graeco-Roman antiquity. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2009.

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Feder, Kenneth L. Human antiquity: An introduction to physical anthropology and archaeology. 2nd ed. Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co., 1993.

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Feder, Kenneth L. Human antiquity: An introduction to physical anthropology and archaeology. 3rd ed. Mountain Valley, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co., 1997.

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Alan, Park Michael, ed. Human antiquity: An introduction to physical anthropology and archaeology. 4th ed. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Pub. Co., 2001.

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Alan, Park Michael, ed. Human antiquity: An introduction to physical anthropology and archaeology. Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co., 1989.

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Behinderungen und Beeinträchtigungen =: Disability and impairment in antiquity. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2012.

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1964-, Montserrat Dominic, ed. Changing bodies, changing meanings: Studies on the human body in antiquity. London: Routledge, 1998.

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Thomas, Pink, and Stone, M. W. F. 1965-, eds. The will and human action: From antiquity to the present day. London: New York, 2003.

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Charles, Lyell. The geological evidences of the antiquity of man. London: Routledge, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human antiquity"

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Frazer, James George. "Human Scapegoats in Classical Antiquity." In The Golden Bough, 577–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-00400-3_58.

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Frede, Michael. "Philosophy and Medicine in Antiquity." In Human Nature and Natural Knowledge, 211–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5349-9_11.

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Betegh, Gábor. "Cosmic and human cognition in the Timaeus 1." In Philosophy of Mind in Antiquity, 120–40. New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: The history of the philosophy of mind ; Volume 1: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429508219-7.

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Kyparissi-Apostolika, Nina, and Sotiris K. Manolis. "Reconsideration of the Antiquity of the Middle Palaeolithic Footprints from Theopetra Cave (Thessaly, Greece)." In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 169–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_10.

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AbstractDuring the 1996 field season, four footprints were found in undisturbed deposits at the borders of squares Θ10-I10 at a depth of 3.5 m at the Theopetra Cave excavation site. The footprints lie adjacent to an ash horizon that has been dated to ca ~135 ka. Two footprints in the trail are complete and measure 150.4 mm and 138.96 mm in length. Based on modern European standards, these lengths would be consistent with young children aged between 2 and 4 years old and 90–100 cm in stature. The two complete footprints, which follow each other in the trail, appear both to have been left feet. The partial print, which immediately precedes the two complete prints in the series, also appears to have been by a left foot. This suggests that what initially seems to be a single trail is actually a composite of two or more trails of prints. This hypothesis is supported by the different characteristics of the two complete prints. One is consistent with a bare foot and clearly shows the impressions of the toes, ball, arch and heel. The other is characterized by a simpler contour and is more sharply defined and indicates that the individual was wearing some kind of foot covering. An important question is what kind of hominid made the footprints? These footprints may have been made by Neanderthals or early Homo sapiens, based on thermoluminescence dating results.
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Fron, Christian, and Oliver Korn. "A Short History of the Perception of Robots and Automata from Antiquity to Modern Times." In Human–Computer Interaction Series, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17107-0_1.

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Delmas, Vincent, Jean-François Uhl, Pedro F. Campos, Daniel Simões Lopes, and Joaquim Jorge. "From Anatomical to Digital Dissection: A Historical Perspective Since Antiquity Towards the Twenty-First Century." In Human–Computer Interaction Series, 11–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61905-3_2.

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Davis, Edward B. "The Theories of Evolution and the Facts of Human Antiquity." In The Antievolution Pamphlets of Harry Rimmer, 83–112. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003003434-4.

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Servan, Johannes. "Making History Our Own – Appropriation and Transgression of the Intentional History of Human Rights." In Phenomenology/Ontopoiesis Retrieving Geo-cosmic Horizons of Antiquity, 551–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1691-9_41.

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Pierosara, Silvia. "“Human Creativity According to the Being” and Narrative Ethics: An Actualization of Aristotle’s Account of Imagination." In Phenomenology/Ontopoiesis Retrieving Geo-cosmic Horizons of Antiquity, 613–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1691-9_45.

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Prowse, Tracy, Robert Stark, and Matthew Emery. "Stable isotope analysis and human migration in the ancient Mediterranean and Near East." In Migration and Migrant Identities in the Near East from Antiquity to the Middle Ages, 125–52. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351254762-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human antiquity"

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Liang, Fuyou, Shu Takagi, and Hao Liu. "0–1-D Multi-Scale Modeling and Numerical Simulation of the Human Cardiovascular System." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206437.

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Arterial pulse has been recognized from antiquity as the most fundamental sign of life. In clinical practice, cardiovascular diseases are often diagnosed and the effects of therapy monitored and evaluated on the basis of interpretation of arterial pulse characteristics. However, the precise components of arterial pulse that best predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases yet remain a subject of considerable debate.
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bartolomei, cristiana. "DRAWING AND THE PROPORTIONS OF THE HUMAN FIGURE MODEL FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE RENAISSANCE." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ARTS, PERFORMING ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b41/s15.077.

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F. Catapan ab, Márcio, Maria Lucia Okimoto b, Mateus Villas Boas c, and Roberto Waldhauer c. "Anthropometric Analysis of Human Head to Identification of Height in Proper Use of Ballistic Helmets." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100830.

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Studies of the physical characteristics of man and their dimensional variations have interested researchers since antiquity. In relating to the human head, the measures that are analyzed to make your sizing artifacts that protect her from possible accidents, are tied just as its circumference. In the military area, studies report that approximately half of the deaths in the battle fields is due to projectiles triggered in the soldier's head. However, other studies show that this artifact after a few minutes in continuous use, it becomes heavy and unstable for many users. Ie, proves itself that some soldiers do not wear a helmet when necessary is because it bothers them. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to research the height of the human head, in area the ballistic helmet, to verify whether this is significant or not height variation. Thus, it can be highlighted the need for a new ballistic helmet design to serve this dimensional variation of the height of the human head. For it is made a pilot survey and analyzed the anthropometric measurements of the human head using conventional instruments. Next analyzed the values and found that the means are different, proving that if the artifact of study is not adequate for use on the battlefield for all users.
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Tasios, Stergios, Evangelos Chytis, and Stefanos Gousias. "Accountants’ perceptions of tax amnesty: A survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece." In Corporate governance: A search for emerging trends in the pandemic times. Virtus Interpress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsetpt3.

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Although humanity has faced many plaques and epidemics from antiquity, the COVID-19 came as a tidal wave, overwhelming nations and governments. Restrictive measures, social distancing and ultimately lockdown and quarantine, emerged as a response to decelerate the spread of the disease and save human lives. These measures may have decreased COVID-19 cases, they had, however, an adverse impact on economic activity and stock markets (Ashraf, 2020). Research shows that the pandemic has already influenced the United States (the US), Germany, and Italy‘s stock markets more than the global financial crises (Shehzad, Xiaoxing, & Kazouz 2020)
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Luca, Sergiu. "The vole of the book in shaping the elite of society." In Simpozionul Național de Studii Culturale, Ediția a 2-a. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975352147.06.

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Annotation: „Tabula rasa” – the theory of the philosopher John Loke represents the man without a book. The importance of the book in the formation of personality is demonstrated by the countless prohibitions of books throughout human history – „blacklists” of forbidden books and burned books. Hence the rhetorical question: – „What is your first book?”, „What books were in your training?”. The book is the source of knowledge that can be passed on to other generations contributing to their formation. Good governance can only be achieved based on qualitative knowledge. The need for elite education has been realized since antiquity. Thus in all societies, the formula of creating special schools for the children of kings and aristocrats was used. The Party High School was created in the Soviet Union for Party Officials because good governance equals the higher level of idealization of the official. Cultural and scientific elites have a role in defending national culture and merit in universal science. The book is an artifact in the demonstration of the existence of a people, and the people who will not have written books will remain out of history.
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Seyyed, Hossein Nasr. "The Significance of Islamic Manuscripts." In The Significance of Islamic Manuscripts. Al-Furqān Islamic Heritage Foundation, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.56656/100130.02.

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The people (al-ummah) Who were destined to receive the revelation in which the above verses are contained, could not remain unaffected on the human level by either the central significance of the Pen which God takes to witness in the verse cited above, nor by the inexhaustibleness of the treasury of the Words of God. The ummah which created Islamic civilization could not but live by the pen and its fruit in the form of the written word. Nor could it cease to produce a great number of works written primarily in Arabic, secondarily in Persian, and then in nearly all the vernacular languages of the Islamic world ranging from Turkish to Malay and Bengali to Berber. The civilization which received the imprint of the Qurʾānic revelation produced a vast corpus of writings which has probably not been matched in quantity by the literature of any other civilization before the discovery of printing. It also produced a body of writings which contains not only the thought. art, and sentiments of that notable segment of humanity which comprises the Islamic people, but also many of the intellectual and scholarly treasures of The civilizations of antiquity to which Islam became heir and much of whose heritage it preserved in accordance With its function as the last plenar religion of this humanity. Moreover, manuscripts were written by Muslims or minorities living within the Islamic world which contain knowledge of other civilizations and peoples.
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Zaharia, Virginia. "The Philosophical Vision of Legal Punishment." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/73.

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The concept of punishment represents one of the most difficult legal issues that are related to the concept of human freedom and responsibility. Since Antiquity, the brilliant minds of humanity contemplated about the sense of punishment and the function of this institution. Each epoch analyses this concept from different aspects and some of them are reflected in the actual legislation. The most important principles of contemporary criminal law were expounded by the Ancient, Modern and Contemporary philosophers. The field of research of this article is the philosophy of punishment of criminal law. In this study, we have applied the method of historical research of the proposed topic, which gives us the opportunity to analyze the development of criminal punishment and its goals from a historical perspective. In this paper, we aimed to determine the philosophical base of the legal punishment that legitimizes the application of sanctions to the person who committed the crime. We established the importance of the theories developed by brilliant thinkers for the contemporary concept of penal retribution and legal regulation of this institution. This theme generates several discussions that are formed in the process of comparison and debating of the ideas of influential philosophers regarding the purpose of criminal punishment. Therefore, we consider that the analysis of the theories of great thinkers gives us the possibility to understand the complexity of the phenomenon of criminal punishment, and leads to the more effective application of state constraint towards the offender.
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Ballarin, Matteo, and Nadia D'Agnone. "Paesaggio, suolo, tempo: la rappresentazione dei tempi geologici nella citta' di Catania." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8041.

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Parlare di tempo geologico è un modo di contestualizzare i processi materiali della terra nella sua storia. La scala dei tempi geologici suddivide la lunga storia della terra in eoni, ere, periodi ed epoche, non omogenei tra loro, ma in relazione l'un l'altro a seconda di ciò che emerge dall'analisi dei dati stratigrafici o dallo studio della stratificazione dei diversi livelli della crosta terrestre. Recentemente negli studi relativi a territorio e paesaggio è stata introdotta l'idea che l'epoca dell'Olocene, iniziata circa 11.700 anni fa, sia terminata e che sia stata sostituita da una nuova epoca geologica chiamata Antropocene, ovvero, 'l'era della razza umana'. Per confermare o meno questa ipotesi, siamo partiti da due categorie concettuali di paesaggio: il paesaggio terrestre ed il paesaggio costruito. Il caso studio della città di Catania, in Sicilia, ben si applica a questa ricerca: il suolo della città si è costruito sia tramite l'intensa opera dell'uomo -negli ultimi 40 anni fino a risalire al XVII secolo ed al nucleo greco antico- sia tramite una non indifferente attività geologica, rappresentata dalle molteplici eruzioni vulcaniche e dai frequenti terremoti che hanno colpito la conurbazione nel corso dei secoli. L'analisi -tramite sezioni e carotaggi- della stratigrafia storica ha evidenziato come la forma non solo della città ma del paesaggio di Catania abbia risentito in maniera eccezionale delle mutazioni geologiche intercorse, più di ogni altra città europea, e la rende un oggetto di studio privilegiato per esaminare la correlazione tra paesaggio, tempo ed usi. Geologic time is a way of contextualizing the material processes of the Earth within its long history. The geologic time scale divides the long history of the earth in eons, eras, periods and epochs, not separately, but in relation to each other depending on what emerges from the analysis of stratigraphic data and the different levels of the crust of the earth.Recently, studies related to territory and landscape have introduced the idea that the current Holocene epoch that began 11,700 years ago has ended and has been replaced by a new geological epoch called the Anthropocene, or, 'the era of human race'. To confirm or reject this hypothesis, we started from two conceptual categories of landscape: the terrestrial landscape and the constructed landscape. We apply this research using the case study of Catania, Sicily. The soil of the city of Catania is built is through both the intense work of man – in the last 40 years going back to the seventeenth century and to antiquity with the ancient Greeks – and, through substantial geological activity – by the many volcanoes and frequent earthquakes over the centuries. The analysis is defined by a sectioning and dissection of the historical stratigraphy of the ground of Catania. It reveals how the form of the city and landscape of Catania has undergone exceptional change and mutation evolving slowly in geologic time, more so than any other European city. It is therefore an interesting object of study to examine the relationship between landscape, time and use.
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