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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human and non-human relationships'
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1
Griffey, Jack Alexander Fernall. "Human and non-human primate preferences for faces and facial attractiveness." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3677.
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For humans and non-human primates (NHPs) the face represents a particularly important source of social information providing a means of conspecific recognition and cues to personal details including sex, age, and emotional state. The human face may also be fundamental in the transmission to conspecifics of other forms of socially relevant information including the display of facial traits associated with sexual attraction and mate choice. A wealth of experimental literature indicates that humans display robust preferences for certain facial traits associated with facial attractiveness including preferences for bilateral facial symmetry, facial averageness and sexually dimorphic faces and facial features. It is thought that these preferences have evolved via sexual selection, and may be adaptive, due to the role that these specific facial features play in reliably signalling to others the possession of heritable genetic quality or ‘good genes’. Therefore, from an evolutionary perspective, it is possible that certain facial preferences may represent an evolutionary adaptation for the selection of potential mate quality. However, despite similarities between human and NHP face processing and recognition abilities, the shared evolutionary history and social importance of faces to primates in general, and the potential importance of these preferences in the mate choice decisions of NHPs, very little research has investigated the extent to which NHPs display comparable preferences to humans for these specific facial traits. Consequently, the aim of the following thesis was to comparatively assess the general and more specific preferences that humans and NHPs display for faces and for traits associated with facial attractiveness. Data was compiled from preference studies examining the visual preferences displayed by two species of NHP (brown capuchins (Cebus apella) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)) for conspecific faces manipulated for those facial traits associated with attractiveness, and from a single study of brown capuchins examining their general visual preferences for various types of facial information. Comparative preference studies were also conducted upon human adults and infants examining the visual and declared preferences that they display for manipulations of facial attractiveness. Data showed that despite possessing general preferences for certain faces and facial information, generally NHPs displayed no significant preferences for those facial traits thought to influences judgements of attractiveness in humans. Possible reasons for this absence of preference for these particular facial traits and the evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.
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Taggart, Jill Monica. "Dog owner interaction style : the transmission of working models in human/non-human caregiving relationships." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/167983/.
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A model of parental sensitivity in caregiving informs later romantic relationships and is transmitted in caregiving behaviours to children. Differences in parental caregiving contribute to individual differences in infant attachment style. The owner/dog bond mirrors this relationship as dog careseeking activates owner caregiving. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of individual differences in owner caregiving on dog attachment style. The first study defined dog attachment style in the Strange Situation Test (Ainsworth & Wittig, 1973) in a sample of 52 self-selected owner/dog dyads. Dogs seek proximity, show evidence of distress when separated and use owners as safe havens for exploration. Individual differences in attachment security and insecurity were found. Secure dogs achieve attachment system deactivation through owner contact. Insecure dogs’ attachment systems remains activated with: excessive focus on the owner but otherwise behaviourally passive; excessive owner avoidance focussing on evading the owner; or anxiety, consisting of high distress which could not be pacified by owner. The second and third studies tested the effects of owner behaviour on individual differences in dog attachment style and exploratory system activation in a task-solving experiment. Behaviours assessed were talk and touch durations in the Strange Situation and owner “frightening” behaviours (threatening; owner showing fear; dissociation; disorganised; highly submissive; and sexualised behaviours). Owner behaviours significantly related to dog attachment style: owners of Avoidant dogs petted them less, talked to them more and used frightening behaviours, whereas, owners of Secure dogs used moderation in talk and touch and few frightening behaviours. Secure dogs task-solved longer and their owners were significantly less invasive and controlling (grabbing paws, restraining dogs) than owners of Avoidant dogs. Owner sensitivity is therefore related to dog attachment security which enables exploratory system activation. Self-reports of owner attachment style in the fourth study found a trend towards a dismissive style in adult relationships and dog avoidance. Parent/child studies have linked parental frightening behaviours to subsequent infant disorganisation (due to the secure base or safe haven also being the source of fear), and to parental unresolved loss, trauma or abuse. Using interview protocols, studies five and six found relationships between owners Unresolved in loss, a Dismissive owner working model, invasive owner task solving behaviour, frightening owner behaviours and Avoidant dog attachment, indicating of a web of interaction between working models and behaviour. The results indicate the potential effects of owner behaviour on the human/dog bond. The results could be used in assessing owner dog relationships that may indicate risk of animal/human abuse; assist dog shelters in the successful re-homing of insecure dogs by identifying secure households; and to enable greater owner understanding of dog behaviour and appropriate responding leading to more satisfying human/dog bonds, and thus fewer relinquishments to shelters.
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Du, Toit Jessica Anne. "Human-animal relationships." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14144.
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The overwhelming majority of philosophical discussions about the relationships between humans and animals concern the human use and treatment of animals in contexts such as those of food production, scientific experimentation, and pet-keeping. By contrast, the kinds of affective bonds that do - or might conceivably - occur between humans and animals, have received very little philosophical attention. In this dissertation, my main, but not exclusive, concern is with the latter issue. More specifically, I am primarily concerned with the question of whether human-animal relationships can be meaningful. Because pet animals are the clearest candidates for meaningful relationships with us, they will be the focus of my discussion. I argue that at least some human-pet relationships can be meaningful, even if they are not among the most meaningful relationships in our lives. Thereafter, I shall turn to one question about the treatment and use of animals on which the earlier question bears, namely the question of whether the practice of having pets is permissible.
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Charlier, Bernard. "Faces of the wolf, faces of the individual : anthropological study of human, non-human relationships in West Mongolia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609860.
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Ferrier, Kirsty Roisin Cameron. "Becoming the centaur : developing non-dominant human-horse relationships in Yorkshire." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15548.
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This project will add to and build upon the existing anthropological literature on human-animal relations by challenging how categories such as ‘nature', ‘culture', ‘ethics', ‘domestication', and ‘kinship' are deployed in a multispecies ethnography. I will use the knowledge practices of natural horsemanship in the UK as a lens to explore them through ideas of domination, the role of exemplars, personhood, becoming-with, ideas of freedom and control, the role of touch and embodied learning, mutual emotional responses, and the development of ‘skilled visions'. By building on the emergent anthropological field of multi-species ethnography through this ethically charged life-world, I propose to investigate natural horsemanship so that the outcome is relevant to the anthropological community, but also of interest for animal behaviourists, welfare experts, biologists, the ‘part-time-practitioners' who were my informants, and more broadly, to the general public with an interest in human-animal relationships. It will hopefully provide new insights on multi-species ethnographies; expanding the potential of such endeavours by creating new anthropological theory on areas such as animal welfare, ethical worlding, kin-like relationships, and how the horse as an agentive subject in these relationships can affect these outcomes. This knowledge can then engage with branches of biological and veterinary science and provide detailed knowledge for animal welfare experts. It will consequently provide critical reflections on present equine training and welfare in the UK.
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George, Kelly Ann. "Human-Animal Relationships: Exploring human concern for animals." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1479703600182288.
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Dvorak, Robert Gregory. "Dynamic human relationships with wilderness developing a relationship model /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12092008-122753/.
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Dvorak, Bob G. "Dynamic human relationships with wilderness developing a relationship model /." [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12092008-122753/unrestricted/umi-umt-1103.pdf.
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Trajbar, Kim Anastasia. "Pet relationships: human versus animal attachment." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1510.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Hiuser, Kristopher J. "Cur deus homo? : the implications of the doctrine of the incarnation for a theological understanding of the relationship between humans and non-human animals." Thesis, University of Chester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/607163.
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This thesis examines the doctrine of the incarnation with particular attention to the implications of this doctrine for a theological understanding of human/nonhuman relationships. To do so, it is guided by two driving questions: Why did God become human in particular in the incarnation?, and what are the implications of the humanity of Christ for the way in which Christian theology construes the human/nonhuman relationship? Each chapter is guided by these questions, and seeks to find and test the answers given by four major theologians from the Christian tradition: Anselm of Canterbury and sin, Gregory of Nyssa and the image of God, Maximus the Confessor and the human constitution as microcosm, and Karl Barth and the human calling to be a representative covenantal partner. Through the use of the guiding questions, and engagement with these four theologians and their respective answers, three theses are developed over the course of the dissertation. First, that God’s motivation for the incarnation extends beyond the human to include the nonhuman creature. Of the various reasons put forward throughout this thesis, each of them is shown to include the nonhuman animal in some way. Second, that God became human in particular due to the unique human calling to be a representative creature. In arriving at this conclusion, various viewpoints are considered and ultimately rejected as being sufficient to account for God’s will to become human in particular. Third, the unique human calling of representation is shown to carry with it ethical implications for humans with regards to nonhuman animals. Given the human calling of representing creation to God, and God to creation, there are necessary ethical implications which such a calling has for what it means to be human.
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Hou, Yongmin. "Structure-function relationships in human ß-hexosaminidase." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq41024.pdf.
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Fidler, Margaret. "Human-animal relationships : perception, attitudes and ethics." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395880.
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Saygin, Zeynep Mevhibe. "Structure-function relationships in human brain development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77843.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Page 125 blank.
Includes bibliographical references.
The integration of anatomical, functional, and developmental approaches in cognitive neuroscience is essential for generating mechanistic explanations of brain function. In this thesis, I first establish a proof-of-principle that neuroanatomical connectivity, as measured with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), can be used to calculate connectional fingerprints that are sufficient to delineate fine anatomical distinctions in the human brain (Chapter 2). Next, I describe the maturation of structural connectivity patterns by applying these connectional fingerprints to over a hundred participants ranging from five to thirty years of age, and show that these connectional patterns have different developmental trajectories (Chapter 3). I then illustrate how anatomical connections may shape (or in turn be shaped by) function and behavior, within the framework of reading ability and describe how white matter tract integrity may predict future acquisition of reading ability in children (Chapter 4). I conclude by summarizing how these experiments offer testable hypotheses of the maturation of structure and function. Studying the complex interplay between structure, function, and development will get us closer to understanding both the constraints present at birth, and the effect of experience, on the biological mechanisms underlying brain function.
by Zeynep Mevhibe Saygin.
Ph.D.
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Wiita, Amy Lynn. "Visual artists experiencing nature| Examining human-environment relationships." Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3740171.
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Anthropology has a long history collaborating with artists to understand their artwork. However, little research exists in the discipline that focuses on artists as a group, their creative process, and what may influence that process. In particular, how artists use nature and place has not been studied; instead, anthropology has generally considered nature and place as merely a backdrop for culture rather than for its impact on cultural expression. Identification of diverse aspects of the interdependence of ecological and social systems can inform our understanding of how people address issues of environmental concern. Managers, scientists, creative people, and others working at the nexus of disciplines, management needs, and ecological and social systems can facilitate this understanding through knowledge sharing. In my research I examined how two groups of visual artists process their interaction with the environment through what I term “experiencing with” nature and how this may influence them as artists.
I employed phenomenological inquiry methods and interdisciplinary analysis to investigate the ways in which artists develop a sense of experiencing with nature and a sense of place. I developed an experiencing formula framework representing relationships between variables involved in the act of experiencing in order to analyze artists’ narratives and actions as a way to examine their perceptions of their experiences with nature. The analysis made evident six primary categories of findings: artists’ sense of experiencing with nature, their purpose of experiencing, their process of experiencing, their conceptual definitions of nature, their access to nature, and how they experienced nature through the artist residency programs. I propose the experiencing formula framework may be suitable for describing human-environment relationships beyond the boundaries of artists and nature.
The artists’ experiences were individual and influenced them to varying degrees. They experienced nature with purpose and encountered both tension and inspiration while gathering resources for their work. They were not so concerned with defining nature as seeking to tell their story of place through their sense of experiencing to communicate their experiences with nature through their works. Experiencing with nature provided them with a language for expressing themselves. Nature was a place for journey and exploration for the artists.
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Cromer, Steven C. "Strengthening human relationships Trinitarian theology and Bowen theory /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Bray, Jacquelyn L. "Grace, the double bind message, and human relationships." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Menckeberg, Celia Lara. "Identifying lineage relationships in human T cell populations." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3211/.
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CD4\(^+\) and CD8\(^+\) T cell populations can be divided into subpopulations based on expression of surface markers CCR7 and CD45RA. The resulting populations are referred to as naive, central memory, effector memory and effector memory RA\(^+\) (EMRA). The aim of this study was to identify potential lineage relationships between these subpopulations for both CD4\(^+\) and CD8\(^+\) T cells through microarray analysis. The genes found to distinguish between these subpopulations include many molecules with known functions in T cell differentiation, including CCR7, CD45RA, granzymes, L-selectin and TNF receptors. Several genes from the tetraspanin family of proteins were found to be differentially expressed at mRNA and protein level; suggesting a possible role for these genes in CD4\(^+\) and CD8\(^+\) T cell activation, migration and lysosomal function. Other genes identified, such as LRRN3 and CXCR5 which were expressed highest on naive and CM T cells respectively, provide interesting gene targets to follow up on their function in these T cell populations. Microarray data was validated through Real Time PCR and suggests that both CD4\(^+\) and CD8\(^+\) T cells differentiate along a linear pathway of naive to central memory to effector memory. The transcriptional programmes responsible for these differentiation steps were distinct between CD4\(^+\) and CD8\(^+\) T cells, although additional elements were common to both subsets.
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Bickmore, Timothy W. "Relational agents : effecting change through human-computer relationships." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36109.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-219).
What kinds of social relationships can people have with computers? Are there activities that computers can engage in that actively draw people into relationships with them? What are the potential benefits to the people who participate in these human-computer relationships? To address these questions this work introduces a theory of Relational Agents, which are computational artifacts designed to build and maintain long-term, social-emotional relationships with their users. These can be purely software humanoid animated agents--as developed in this work--but they can also be non-humanoid or embodied in various physical forms, from robots, to pets, to jewelry, clothing, hand-helds, and other interactive devices. Central to the notion of relationship is that it is a persistent construct, spanning multiple interactions; thus, Relational Agents are explicitly designed to remember past history and manage future expectations in their interactions with users. Finally, relationships are fundamentally social and emotional, and detailed knowledge of human social psychology--with a particular emphasis on the role of affect--must be incorporated into these agents if they are to effectively leverage the mechanisms of human social cognition in order to build relationships in the most natural manner possible. People build relationships primarily through the use of language, and primarily within the context of face-to-face conversation. Embodied Conversational Agents--anthropomorphic computer characters that emulate the experience of face-to-face conversation--thus provide the substrate for this work, and so the relational activities provided by the theory will primarily be specific types of verbal and nonverbal conversational behaviors used by people to negotiate and maintain relationships.
(cont.) This work also provides an analysis of the types of applications in which having a human-computer relationship is advantageous to the human participant. In addition to applications in which the relationship is an end in itself (e.g., in entertainment systems), human-computer relationships are important in tasks in which the human is attempting to undergo some change in behavior or cognitive or emotional state. One such application is explored here: a system for assisting the user through a month-long health behavior change program in the area of exercise adoption. This application involves the research, design and implementation of relational agents as well as empirical evaluation of their ability to build relationships and effect change over a series of interactions with users.
by Timothy Wallace Bickmore.
Ph.D.
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MacLarnon, Ann Mary. "Size relationships of the spinal cord and associated skeleton in primates." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309380.
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Waggoner, Erin B. "The present giver and other stories on human connections by /." [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2009. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=969.
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Wyatt, R. J. "Epidemiology, host-parasite relationships and strains of the fish tapeworm Ligula intestinalis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374700.
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Aldridge, H. "On the relationships between flight performance, morphology and ecology in British bats." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.352200.
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Helfer, Stephan. "Characteristics of leaf rust fungi of temperate cereals and their host relationships." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28219.
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This thesis describes work carried out mainly on the uredinial stage of the leaf rust fungi of temperate cereals, comprising the brown rusts of barley, rye and wheat as well as oat crown rust and the wheat and barley yellow rusts. The taxonomic position of these pathogens was investigated in colony growth studies carried out under controlled conditions, with an emphasis on characters which were independant of cereal host factors. A clear morphological distinction could be made between oat crown rust, wheat brown rust, barley brown rust, rye brown rust and the yellow rusts of wheat and barley. However, no distinction apart from the host range could be made between wheat and barley yellow rust. In culture experiments the isolates were tested for their ability to grow on detached leaves of their host plants, and some of the isolates were used in axenic culture studies. All the isolates showed identical virulence patterns on detached leaves as on whole host plants. None of the isolates tested could be maintained in axenic culture. Cytogenetical characteristics were studied in some of the rust isolates. The dikaryotic binucleate condition prevailed in all isolates up to the stage of stomatal penetration. Attempts to obtain hybridisation between different races of wheat yellow rust failed. Quantitative aspects of colony growth and development were investigated in a series of studies in controlled conditions. Differences in response to inoculum density were observed in experiments with barley brown rust and yellow rust and were related to the different patterns of epidemic development of these two species. The colony growth patterns of the cereal leaf rusts in host and non-host relationships showed strong host preference. However, unexpected colony development occurred in some of the pathogen/non-host combinations.
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Munro, James McKenzie. "Pathogen-host relationships between Erysiphe cruciferarum and members of the family Cruciferae." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27079.
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Carter, Isis Sarah Rosemary. "Structural-functional relationships in the human thrombin A-chain." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36768.
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Thrombin is the terminal protease in the coagulation cascade and plays a pivotal role in haemostasis, affecting both amplification and down-regulation of coagulation. Although prothrombin is one of the most widely studied enzymes in biology, the role of the thrombin A-chain region has been neglected in comparison to the other domains. While originally considered to be simply an activation remnant with little physiological function, mutations in the prothrombin A-chain region lead to bleeding disorders. There is evidence that the thrombin A-chain may play a role as an allosteric effector in enzymatic reactions and may also represent a structural scaffold to stabilize the protease domain; however, the exact role(s) of the A-chain remain to be elucidated. In this thesis, the roles of the A-chain region in prothrombin folding and activation, thrombin Ca²⁺⁺ binding, enzyme stability and function were investigated. The results from this study suggest that the A-chain region is not required for prothrombin folding and secretion out of the cells; however, the A-chain is required for prothrombin activation. In an independent study using x-ray crystallographic techniques, NMR and activity assays, no evidence of a Ca²⁺⁺ binding site was found in the thrombin A-chain or elsewhere in the thrombin molecule.
During prothrombin activation, nascent thrombin undergoes autolysis of a 13-residue N-terminal peptide of the A-chain to produce α-thrombin. Nascent thrombin and α-thrombin were compared to assess the effects of the A13 peptide. Contrary to expectation, autolysis of the A13 peptide at the N-terminus of the thrombin A-chain was very slow, with a half life of 46 minutes. Investigation of whether retention of this peptide affected thrombin structure and activity revealed that nascent thrombin was significantly different than α-thrombin in terms of 1) chromogenic activity and fibrinogen clotting activity, 2) thermal stability, 3) heparin binding and 4) inhibition by antithrombin. These studies further our knowledge of the roles the A-chain plays in the zymogen prothrombin and protease thrombin, and demonstrate that the A-chain A13 peptide of nascent thrombin may be a procoagulant stabilizer of thrombin in coagulation.
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Wolf-Watz, Magnus. "Structure-function relationships of the human Runx1 transcription factor /." Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3167.
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Berrin, Jean-Guy. "Structure activity relationships of a human cytosolic beta-glucosidase." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268546.
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Murray, Ewan Hector. "Investigating structure and function relationships in human Stefin A." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274964.
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Imai, Hideaki. "The Role of Film-making in Nature-human Relationships." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1523999723625547.
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Verma, Audrey. "The role of digital technologies in human-nature relationships." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230594.
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While technology has widely been formulated as antithetical to nature, there has been an increased adoption of digital set-ups to promote and enact environmental conservation. This thesis thus examined a range of digital technologies more commonly used for nature-related activities (for example, mobile applications for crowdsourcing data, satellite tracking and mapping facilities, and visual imaging equipment such as cameras and sonar devices) with two objectives. First, at an applied level, the research sought to locate the new set-ups being used, and to unfold the technical, practical and relational issues emerging from this use. Second, at a more abstract level, the research aimed to better understand the sociological implications of deploying these technologies, in terms of the definitions of 'nature' being 'produced' and how the devices might be (re)shaping human-nature relationships. Four areas were studied: wildlife monitoring and recording, public engagement efforts by conservation organisations, conflict management, and digital art production. These contexts form the data chapters of this thesis, and the findings result from an inter-disciplinary qualitative social scientific research enquiry, framed by a constructionist perspective. With regard to the first aim, this research found that the technologies used by organisations and practitioners had the capacity to increase public participation as well as the quantity and quality of nature-related data and information, and could contribute to the formulation of environmental conservation strategies. However, these capacities did not come without issues such as the relegation of public participants to passive roles and struggles over legitimacy in terms of production and interpretation of data wrought from new devices. In relation to the second aim, this research found that digital technological set-ups (re)configured the ways in which wildlife in particular was seen and understood, and revealed both enmeshment and persistent binaries along the emotion/cognition and nature/culture axes. These findings highlight the role of emotions in conservation, and point to increasing complexities in how humans define and relate to nature.
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Broadley, Cara. "Visualising human-centred design relationships : a toolkit for participation." Thesis, Glasgow School of Art, 2013. http://radar.gsa.ac.uk/4283/.
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As human-centred philosophies continue to permeate the landscape of design practice, education, and research, a growing body of literature concerning creative methods corresponds with a democratic process that addresses the experiences, needs, problems, and aspirations of users and stakeholders. It can be argued, however, that making tools to gather and evaluate the insights of others contributes to fluctuating perceptions of the designer as a creative auteur, visual communicator, observer, facilitator, analyst, and problem-solver. In turn, human-centred design's overarching neglect of practitioner and researcher reflexivity has resulted in insufficient reasoning and reflection surrounding subjective methodological choices and the impact these have on the direction of the process and the designer's agency. In this practice-led research, I investigate how human-centred designers collect information and build relationships with participants by making, using, and interpreting visual and participatory tools and techniques. Examining approaches including personas, scenarios, and design probes, I assert that rather than being objective and neutral in seeking participants' input, human-centred designers are inherently reflexive, yet the practical benefits of this researcher trait remain broadly unrecognised and abstract within the discipline. Situating human-centred design in the context of environmental, community, and organisational placemaking, I undertake three case studies to examine localised sociocultural issues. In these, I draw from my position as an illustrator, designer, researcher, PhD student, and participant in the process to provide intimate, immersed, and critical narrative accounts of human-centred design in its initial exploratory stages. Simultaneously, I develop, test, and critique my participatory-reflexive methodology. Conceptualised as an arrangement of people and artefacts interacting through various creative phases and activities, this structures the process as stages of orientation, participation, evaluation-in-action, tool response analysis, and reflexive analysis. I assess how the content, format, and tone of my methodological tools and techniques helped me to gather participants' drawn, written, and verbal insights, generate ideas, and make decisions whilst instigating understanding, empathy, rapport, consensus, and dialogue. These findings reinforce the designer's multifaceted reflexive role as an ethnographic explorer and storyteller, visual maker, strategic and empathic facilitator, and intuitive interpreter. Flexible and inclusive enough to navigate designers' and participants' intersubjective insights, I present the five-stage participatory-reflexive methodology as my original contribution to knowledge. I propose that this transferable framework will support designers as they engage with settings to elicit information from user and stakeholder participants, develop their own experiential and critical perspectives, and utilise their intuitive and expressive expertise to establish, manage, and sustain productive human-centred design relationships.
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Safarov, I. (Ildar). "Towards modelling of human relationships:nonlinear dynamical systems in relationships." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514291425.
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Abstract This study fills an urgent need for qualitative analyses of relationships resulting in human change. It is a result of sixteen years of independent study by the author. It combines postgraduate study of nonlinear methodology, applied research of children’s pretend play, experience in educational psychology and Gestalt-counselling, as well as the practical training of graduate students at the Karelian State Pedagogical University (Petrozavodsk, Russia), and the Kajaani Department of Teacher Education (Kajaani, Finland). In this thesis, an attempt is made to reveal the fundamental reality of relationships between human beings. Using theories of helping relationships and data from developmental psychology, a qualitative nonlinear dynamical model of human relationships is elaborated. The scientific findings of Kurt Lewin and the Gestalt-therapy theory are widely used. To illustrate the explanatory potential of the proposed relationship model and the possibility of qualitative analyses, children’s pretend play is analyzed. In the first chapter, the basic connectedness between humans is studied. The author is focused on theories of relationships and their application to the organizing of relationships’ flow. The second chapter is devoted to detailed analyses of dynamic features of these theories and Kurt Lewin’s conception of tension system. The ontological philosophy of relationships is briefly reviewed. This helps to formulate the main problem of the research – how is a nonlinear phenomenological model of human relationships possible? In the third chapter, a new nonlinear dynamic model of human relationships is elaborated. Several conceptions from Lewin’s dynamic psychology and Gestalt-therapy are further developed in the model. A number of examples are analyzed. Video-data on children’s pretend play is analyzed in the fourth chapter. In the subsequent discussions some advantages and shortcomings of the suggested dynamic nonlinear model are examinedTiivistelmä Tämä tutkimus pyrkii vastaamaan kysymykseen miten inhimilliset suhteet voivat johtaa laadullisiin muutoksiin. Työssä paneudutaan ihmisten välisten suhteiden psykologisiin perusteisiin. Siinä kehitellään ihmisten välisten suhteiden ei-lineaarinen dynaaminen malli käyttäen kehityspsykologian ja auttamissuhteiden teorioita. Analyysi pohjautuu Kurt Lewinin ja hahmoterapian teoreettisiin oivalluksiin. Kehitellyn mallin selitysvoiman ja laadullisen analyysin mahdollisuuksien osoittamiseksi mallia sovelletaan lasten juonellisen roolileikin erittelyyn. Ensimmäisessä luvussa pohditaan esimerkkien avulla ihmisten välisten kontaktien perusluonnetta. Erityisesti keskitytään suhteiden teorioihin ja niiden sovelluksiin suhteiden jatkumon rakentamiseksi. Toinen luku paneutuu näiden teorioiden kuvaamien suhteiden dynaamisten piirteiden yksityiskohtaiseen tarkasteluun ja Kurt Lewinin ”tension system” käsitteeseen. Siinä esitellään myöskin lyhyesti suhteiden yksilökehityksen filosofiaa. Tältä pohjalta muotoillaan tutkimuksen pääongelma: Kuinka inhimillisten suhteiden ei-lineaarinen fenomenologinen malli on mahdollinen? Kolmannessa luvussa kehitellään uusi ei-lineaarinen inhimillisten suhteiden malli. Mallissa on kehitelty ja annettu uusi tulkinta useille Lewinin dynaamisen psykologian ja hahmoterapian käsitteille. Kehittelyä on tuettu käytännön esimerkein. Neljännessä luvussa on analysoitu lasten juonellisen roolileikin videotallenteita mallia käyttäen. Pohdinta tuo esille joitakin uuden mallin etuja ja jatkokehittelyn tarpeita
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Hinds, Joe. "Affective and experiential factors in human-natural environment relationships." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487141.
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This thesis assesses the importance of the interplay between affect and experience in human-natural-environment relationships. More specifically, using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, it addresses the argument that experience of the natural environment promotes both affective well-being and positive environmental attitudes. The first study (N = 199), using an application of the theory of planned behaviour, demonstrates the importance of affective connection in predicting peoples' intentions to engage with the natural environment, as well as suggesting that early exposure to the natural environment can.be important for holding more positive orientations towards it. The second study (N= 75) used a qualitative methodology for the elicitation of responses to being in the natural environment. Regression analyses were also used to determine that environmental affect was predicted by experience and not personality. The third study (N = 90) maps perceptions of various types of natural environment onto a two-factor representation of related experiential states, thus demonstrating the different experiential associatio?s of each environment. Furthermore, greater experience of environments was associated with more positive experiential states and more positive attitudinal ratings ofthem. The subsequent two studies comprised samples participating in actual, natural-environment experiences. Study 4 (N = 91) found that in comparison to a control.group, a group experiencing the natural environment had stronger environmental identities, greater selfactualisation and improved attitudes towards outdoor activities. Study 5 '(N = 5), using in-depth interviews, supports the contentions of Study 4 in that experience of the natural environment can positively influence aspects of well-being and environmental attitudes. These findings, with that of the programme of research generally, indicate the benefits of experience of the natural environment in building more positive relationships with it. The benefits of such encounters, in terms of affective aspects of psychological well-being, are also apparent.
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Teixeira, Rute Saraiva Canejo dos Santos Rodrigues. "Human-canine dyads : identifying dysfunctional relationships, a portuguese case." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18208.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias na Especialidade de ClínicaThe human-dog dyad is thought to be the oldest existing domestic partnership and is generally mutually beneficial for both members of the partnership. Dysfunction in the human-dog dyad, however, produces serious consequences for each member of the partnership and also for society at large. Research into these relationships has addressed only the consequences of dysfunction, making prevention difficult. This project set out to evaluate the possibility of pre-emptively identifying dysfunction in such dyads by using dog health histories easily available in clinical contexts. To that end, the researcher developed a simple, one-page questionnaire that was disseminated in the greater metropolitan areas of Lisbon, Portugal, and was made available online. By identifying a dog’s biting history, trauma, or involvement in a vehicular accident, the researcher was able to suggest the possibility of the dog’s involvement in a dysfunctional dyad. To classify the canine behaviour traits essential for establishing the general characteristics of dysfunctional dyads, the researcher developed the European Portuguese Canine Behaviour Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ). The psychometric properties were evaluated, and the instrument showed excellent to respectable consistency. The result was a canine behavioural questionnaire that established 13 different personality traits. A more extensive questionnaire was then administered to the same population in Lisbon, Portugal, aimed at identifying husbandry and noting dog and human characteristics within dysfunctional dyads. The results suggest that dogs housed on verandas or on plots of land, dogs that were fed diets purchased at agricultural cooperatives, dogs with C-BARQ scores showing high owner-directed aggression (ODA), dog-directed agressoion/fear (DAF) and dog rivalry (DR) were more likely to be part of dysfunctional dyads. Similarly, owners with high neuroticism scores and low lie/social desirability scores on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) were also more likely to be part of these partnerships. These characteristics were then used to develop two predicative models – the Predicted Dysfunction with Dog and Owner Characteristics (PDDOC) and the Predicted Dysfunction with Dog Characteristics (PDDC) – that successfully predicted dysfunction in 79.7% and 80.1% of cases respectively. These findings reveal the feasibility of pre-emptively identifying dysfunctional human-dog dyads. As a result, this pre-emptive identification can be used to take preventative action – specifically the development of educational programs, the improvement of human-dog pairings, and the equipping of veterinarians to better prevent and/or correct dysfunction.
RESUMO - A díade homem-cão é considerada a mais antiga parceria doméstica, sendo tida como mutualmente benéfica para ambos os membros. Quando estas díades se tornam disfuncionais pode haver sérias consequências, não apenas para os membros da díade, mas para a sociedade no seu todo. A disfuncionalidade de díades tem sido abordada em diversos estudos, contudo somente após se terem sentido as suas consequências nefastas, o que dificulta o processo de implementação de medidas preventivas. Este projecto teve como objetivo a sua identificação precoce, usando para isso, o historial de saúde do animal disponibilizado em contexto clínico. Foi desenvolvido um questionário sucinto de uma página, o qual foi distribuído a proprietários em Centros de Atendimento Médico-Veterinário (CAMV) na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa e também em formato online. A identificação de ocorrência de mordedura, trauma ou atropelamento foi associado a díade disfuncional. Foi desenvolvido o European Portuguese Canine Behaviour Assessment and Research Questionnaire – C-BARQ (Questionário de Investigação e Avaliação de Comportamento Canino) com o intuito de estabelecer bases gerais que permitissem classificar alguns aspetos do comportamento canino. Avaliaram-se as propriedades psicométricas e o instrumento mostrou um intervalo de consistência do respeitável ao excelente. O resultado final foi um questionário de comportamento canino que estabeleceu 13 traços de personalidade diferentes. Administrou-se seguidamente um questionário mais extenso à mesma população, mas agora com a finalidade de identificar características tanto do homem como do cão nestas díades disfuncionais. Observou-se que cães alojados em varandas ou em terrenos, alimentados com rações compradas em cooperativas agrícolas ou que apresentaram valores elevados nos scores de ODA, DAF e DR no C-BARQ, têm uma maior tendência de fazer parte de uma díade disfuncional. Proprietários que no questionário de personalidade humana, EPQ-R apresentaram um valor elevado em neuroticismo e baixo em mentira/desejabilidade social também partilham esta tendência. Estas características foram então usadas no desenvolvimento de dois modelos preditivos (PDDOC e PDDC), cujos resultados previram disfunções em 79,7% e 80,1% dos casos, respetivamente. Estes resultados, possibilitarão o desenvolvimento de programas educacionais, escolha mais informada na adoção de animais em abrigos, bem como dar aos médicos veterinários ferramentas para identificar e eventualmente prevenir e/ou corrigir algumas destas disfunções.
N/A
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Hannula, Gustaf. "Monkey see, monkey do? An intercultural exploration of the dynamics between humans and non-human primates in a professional animal research setting." Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/677.
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This thesis is an exploration of the perceptions of a group of humans in interaction with a group of non-human primates in a professional animal research setting. The study is a novel investigation in the field of intercultural relations, exploring the values and beliefs of a group of research employees, and the intercultural competence and sensitivity these employees model in their interactions with the animals they work with. A focus group was conducted at the Oregon National Primate Research Center and 8 individuals working with non-human primates were interviewed. They were asked a series of 15 open-ended questions in order to explore their identification and appreciation of cultural differences, as well as their general strategies for adapting to cultural difference in the context of an animal research setting. The results of this meeting reflect a range of perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs relative to culture and the possibility of an intercultural relationship between species.
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Terblanche, Renelle. "Good fences make good neighbours : a qualitative, interpretive study of human–baboon and human–human conflict on the Cape Peninsula." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97787.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Picturesque Cape Town is the epitome of an urban/nature interface but one within which chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) face slander for transgressing both the socially constructed human/animal and nature/culture divide, and/or the actual, physical borderlines associated with these divides. The difficulties associated with retaining baboons in nature, because of their ability to traverse physical boundaries, have led to human–baboon conflict. Even though research focusing on baboon biology on the Cape Peninsula is abundant, comparatively little attention has been paid to the human aspects of the conflict. By making use of a social constructionist theoretical framework, I wished to establish what attitudes and values play a defining role in different social constructions of chacma baboons, specifically those who often cross the urban/nature divide; what these different social constructions are; whether they differ among the various stakeholders that were included in this research; and whether there is a willingness amongst stakeholders to adjust to, accommodate, or at least understand “other” social constructions. The research is strongly motivated by a suggestion in the literature that human–human conflict underpins human–wildlife conflict. The main data collection method used in this research project was personal, semi-structured interviews with members of various stakeholder groups that are involved in the Cape Peninsula’s “baboon debate”, i.e. governmental institutions, nongovernmental organisations, researchers, representatives of residential associations, local residents and journalists. In order to increase the trustworthiness of my data and to gain an enhanced understanding of the complex social interactions, practices and belief systems which are embedded within human–baboon conflicts, I also analysed the discourse embedded in numerous forms of documentation that refer to the Cape Peninsula’s baboons. The findings from this research provide evidence that conflicts over beliefs and values, conflicts of interest, and conflicts over process are the prominent underlying causes of human– human conflict regarding baboons and baboon management on the Cape Peninsula. Conflicts over beliefs and values seem to underpin all types of human–human conflict regarding baboons on the Cape Peninsula, as human–baboon conflict is riddled with the Cartesian dualisms of urban (or culture) versus nature; human versus animal; biocentrism versus anthropocentrism; and rationalism versus affective social action. The opposition between the two ontologies of rationalism and affective social action, which reflect divergent ways of thinking about baboons and are central to individual’s support of certain baboon-management techniques, is especially pronounced. Moreover, the ability of the Cape Peninsula’s baboons to transgress the nature/culture, and even the human/animal, borderline not only leads to conflict between humans and baboons, but also among humans. This thesis recommends that, in order to effectively address human–human conflict over beliefs and values, as well as human–baboon conflict, the numerous stakeholders on the Cape Peninsula should identify a common significance of baboons. While I would refrain from declaring that human–human conflict is the actual source of human–baboon conflict, addressing the human dimensions of human–wildlife conflict remains an important though neglected issue.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Skilderagtige Kaapstad is die toonbeeld van ’n stedelike/natuur skeidingsvlak, maar een waarbinne die Kaapse bobbejane (Papio ursinus) beswadder word, omdat hulle die sosiaalgekonstrueerde mens/dier en natuur/kultuur skeidslyn en/of die werklike, fisiese grens wat met hierdie skeidslyn geassosieer is, skend. As gevolg van hul vermoë om fisiese grense te oorkruis, het die probleme met die inperking van bobbejane in die natuur tot mens–bobbejaan konflik gelei. Ondanks die feit dat navorsing met die fokus op bobbejaan-biologie op die Kaapse Skiereiland volop is, is relatief min aandag geskenk aan die menslike aspekte van die konflik. Deur gebruik te maak van ’n sosiaal-konstruksionistiese teoretiese raamwerk, wou ek vasstel watter ingesteldhede en waardes ’n bepalende rol speel in verskillende sosiale konstruksies van Kaapse bobbejane, veral diegene wat dikwels die stedelike/natuur skeidingsvlak oorkruis; wat hierdie verskillende sosiale konstruksies is; of hulle verskil tussen die verskeie rolspelers wat ingesluit is in hierdie navorsingsprojek; en of daar ’n bereidwilligheid is onder belanghebbendes om aan te pas by “ander” sosiale konstruksies, dit tegemoet te kom, of ten minste te verstaan. Die navorsing is sterk gemotiveer deur ’n voorstel in die literatuur dat mens–mens konflik mens–wildlewe konflik onderskraag. Die hoof data-insamelingsmetode wat in hierdie navorsingsprojek gebruik is, was persoonlike, semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met lede van verskillende belanghebbende groepe wat betrokke is in die Kaapse Skiereiland se “bobbejaandebat”, d.w.s regeringsinstellings, nieregeringsorganisasies, navorsers, verteenwoordigers van residensiële verenigings, plaaslike inwoners en joernaliste. Ten einde die betroubaarheid van my data te versterk en om ’n beter begrip te ontwikkel van die ingewikkelde sosiale interaksies, praktyke en oortuigings wat ingebed is in mens–bobbejaan konflikte, het ek ook die diskoers ontleed wat ingebed is in talle vorme van dokumentasie wat verwys na die Kaapse Skiereiland se bobbejane. Die bevindinge van hierdie navorsing verskaf bewyse dat konflikte oor oortuigings en waardes, konflikte van belang, en konflikte oor prosesse die prominente onderliggende oorsake van mens–mens konflik rakende bobbejane en bobbejaanbestuur op die Kaapse Skiereiland is. Konflikte oor oortuigings en waardes blyk onderliggend te wees aan alle vorme van mens–mens konflik ten opsigte van bobbejane in die Kaapse Skiereiland, aangesien mens–bobbejaan konflik deurtrek is met die Cartesiese dualismes van stedelike (of kultuur) teenoor die natuur; mens teenoor dier; biosentrisme teenoor antroposentrisme; en rasionalisme teenoor affektiewe sosiale aksie. Die teenoorgesteldheid tussen die twee ontologieë van rasionalisme en affektiewe sosiale aksie, wat uiteenlopende maniere van dink oor bobbejane weerspieël en sentraal is tot individue se ondersteuning van sekere bobbejaanbestuurtegnieke, is veral ooglopend. Verder lei die vermoë van die Kaapse Skiereiland se bobbejane om die natuur/kultuur en selfs die mens/dier grenslyn te oorkruis, nie slegs tot konflik tussen mense en bobbejane nie, maar ook tussen mense. Hierdie tesis beveel aan dat, ten einde mens–mens konflik rakende oortuigings en waardes, asook mens–bobbejaan konflik, aan te spreek, moet die talle belanghebbendes in die Kaapse Skiereiland ’n gemeenskaplike betekenis van bobbejane identifiseer. Terwyl ek myself sou weerhou om te verklaar dat mens–mens konflik die wesenlike bron van mens–bobbejaan konflik is, bly die menslike dimensies van mens–wildlewe konflik ’n belangrike, dog verwaarloosde kwessie
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Linzey, Andrew. "The neglected creature : the doctrine of the non-human creation and its relationship with the human in the thought of Karl Barth." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1986. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-neglected-creature--the-doctrine-of-the-nonhuman-creation-and-its-relationship-with-the-human-in-the-thought-of-karl-barth(0eae558b-1f79-465c-82b7-0f5bf325292b).html.
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Botes, Peet. "The management of chacma baboons and humans in a peri-urban environment: a case study from Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University's George Campus." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5135.
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Conflicts between humans and baboons (Papio ursinus) have become a significant management challenge on Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University’s (NMMUs) George Campus, which is located in peri-urban George in the Garden Route, of the Western Cape of South Africa. Current management policy, although required to be ‘scientifically’ based, largely relies on studies done outside the Garden Route. This study addresses the question of how the management of human-baboon relations could be improved on the campus. A case study was undertaken which aimed at addressing the cohabitation of baboons and humans on the NMMU campus, specifically human-baboon resource selection and interaction. The research methodology and the related analytical tools were primarily quantitative but were supplemented by some qualitative data drawn from interviews. Data collected was used to determine landscape features acting as Keystone Resource Areas (KRAs) for both humans and baboons on the campus. Relationships between the frequency and location of negative interactions, and resident-baboon distribution on the campus were also determined. Two key findings emerged from the research. First, residences, non-residence buildings and waste disposal stations act as KRAs for both humans and baboons. Second, the frequency of negative interaction correlates with the time spent by residents and baboons at residences, where common negative interactions between baboons and humans are known to occur. It is postulated that cohabitation on the NMMU George Campus is causing the habituation of baboons, a loss of fear of humans and association of humans with high energy foods. As a result, present cohabitation contributes to negative human-baboon relations in the George area. To ensure sustainable co-existence between humans and baboons on the George Campus, management should implement zonation and wildlife monitoring to reverse the loss of baboon fear of humans and better limit the availability of human-derived foods. In addition, management should consider giving stakeholders co-management roles to foster and facilitate knowledge and responsibility partnerships, and subsequently correct any misunderstandings related to human-baboon relations on the campus. Recommendations for further research include sampling beyond campus boundaries to compensate for regional variations in baboon behaviour and the biophysical environment.
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Corapi, Wayne Victor. "Every living thing a theological justification for the promotion of animal welfare /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Hanson, J. E. "A biochemical study of intra specific variations and evolutionary relationships of the Atlantic eel (Anguilla anguilla)." Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234601.
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Fukuda, Kaoru. "The place of animals in British moral discourse : a field study from the Scottish Borders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320930.
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Hoffmann, Willem Abraham. "The determination of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone during the treatment of women experiencing dog phobia." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11162006-093620/.
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Wen, Bo. "Analysis of human CYP3A4 structure-function relationships using photoaffinity labels /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8154.
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Schroer, Sara Asu. "On the wing : exploring human-bird relationships in falconry practice." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225716.
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This thesis is concerned with the relationships that develop between humans, birds of prey, prey animals and their environments in the practice of falconry. Falconry is a hunting practice in which humans and birds of prey develop a hunting companionship through which they learn to hunt in cooperation. Described by falconers as a way of life, falconry practice and the relationship to their birds take on a crucial role in their everyday lives. The research is based on fieldwork carried out over a period of three years largely in the UK, with shorter fieldtrips to Germany and Italy. Falconry practice raises many interesting questions about human-animal sociality and identity formation. Through the practice falconers learn how to 'lure' a bird into a relationship, as birds of prey cannot be forced to hunt and cooperate. When hunting the abilities of birds of prey are seen to be superior to those of the human being who becomes – if skilful enough – an assisting hunting companion. The careful attention necessary to establish a bonded relationship between falconer and falconry bird demands practices particular to falconry and involves a highly complex set of knowledge practices and methods. The establishment of this relationship depends on a fine balance between independence and dependence as well as wildness and tameness of the falconry bird that cannot be understood through conceptualising notions of 'the wild' and 'the tame' (or 'the domesticated') as opposites. Rather, the becoming of falcons and falconers through the practice allows moments of transformation of beings that resist familiar categories. This study of falconry challenges an anthropocentric mode of anthropological inquiry as it demands to open up the traditional focus of anthropology to also include nonhuman animals and to consider meaning making, sociality and knowledge production as co-constituted through the activities of humans and nonhuman animals. I focus on the practices involved in taming, training and hunting with birds of prey as well as in domestic breeding, arguing that it is important to see both humans and birds as well as predator and prey as active participants in mutually constitutive learning relationships. Focussing on processes of emergence in both becoming falconers and becoming falconry birds I develop the notion of beings-in-the-making, in order to emphasise that humans and birds grow in relation to each other through the co-responsive engagement in which they are involved. I further show how humans and nonhuman animals relate to the environment within which they engage, in which movements and forces of the weather play a central role. I use the term weathering to refer to the ways the weather influences the movements of human and nonhuman animals as well as being a medium of perception in which they are immersed. The landscape and the sky above are here not to be understood as two separate spheres divided by an interface but rather as caught up in a continuous process of transformation in which the lay of the land and the currents of the air are co-constituted. Finally, I suggest the perspective of creaturely ways to describe a mode of sociality that is constituted beyond the purely human sphere of interaction and to show that the sense of identity and belonging of both falconers and birds is not delineated by a fixed species identity but rather emerges out of the experiences and relationships that each living being develops throughout its life. Creaturely ways thus involves a focus on questions of ontogeny rather than ontology, which is crucial for understanding the mutually constitutive processes of meaning making, becoming and knowing in which falconers and falconry birds are involved. Through exploring the complex relationships involved in falconry practice and the consideration of humans and birds as active participants within them, this thesis makes an original contribution to anthropological studies of human-animal relationships. It further contributes to the development of a notion of more-thanhuman sociality that reaches beyond the idea of the social as confined to members of the same species. Moreover, the study contributes to the anthropology of learning and enskilment through analysing processes of knowledge making in their constitutive influence on the development of human and nonhuman ways of becoming. It further contributes to studies on the perception of the environment through considering the practitioner's perception and experience of the weather and currents of the air as they interplay with the ground below. Finally, this study makes a contribution to the as yet little studied field of 'modern' hunting practices and suggests a more nuanced approach of understanding the relationships of predator and prey they involve.
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McFadden, Megan. "Analysis of human early fetal facial growth and jaw relationships." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54706.
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Objectives: Abnormal jaw relationships can be a warning sign of the presence of congenital anomalies. During the late fetal period the jaw relationship is hypothesized to be stable allowing for detection of abnormal jaw position. This study aims to analyze growth of the jaws in 2D and 3D during the early fetal period in normal human conceptuses.
Methods: Lateral and frontal radiographs were available from a collection of 197 fetal specimens aged 10-20 weeks gestation, of these 26 specimens were scanned with micro-CT. Exclusion criteria was applied and a total of 14 linear and 5 angular measurements were made on digitized radiographs and micro-CT volume renderings. Linear regression models were used to analyze the relationship between the data collected and age in days of the specimens.
Results: Images comprising this study included 141 frontal radiographs, 120 lateral radiographs and 25 micro-CT scans. All linear measurements of the maxilla and mandible show a significantly positive association with increasing age in days. Age in days is a statistically significant (P<0.001) predictor of the size of the maxilla and mandible in all three planes of space. Both the maxilla and mandible increase more in width than length or height. Between 10-20 weeks, age in days is a significant (P<0.001) predictor of the jaw relationship. The radiographic data was divided into two groups, the jaw relationships during the 10-15 week period is significantly correlated with age (P<0.001). There is no correlation between jaw relationship and age during the 16-20 week period. From 10 to 15 weeks gestation the percent increase in size of all linear measurements is greater than during the 16-20 week period. Gender related growth rate differences are not observed.
Conclusions: During the early fetal period the maxilla and mandible grow more in width than height or length. Age in days is a strong predictor of maxillary and mandibular size in all three planes of space. Both the maxillary projection and the maxillary position relative to the mandibular position increase with increasing age especially in the 10 to 15 week timespan. The mandibular projection does not change with increasing age.Dentistry, Faculty of
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Gonzalez, Carla Sofia Dávila Soares. "Interpreting change in human-nature and long term social relationships." Doctoral thesis, FCT - UNL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5877.
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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ciências do Ambiente, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia.A conservação da biodiversidade, o desenvolvimento e a ciência modernos tiveram um impacto profundo nos sistemas humanos e naturais acoplados e na sua gestão. Os desafios que hoje se colocam a este nível em regiões moldadas no longo prazo pela presença humana, como é o caso do Mediterrâneo, são exemplo evidente das limitações criadas pela dicotomização entre economia e ecologia, humanos e natureza, conhecimento leigo e científico, práticas institucionais formais e locais informais e perspectivas tecnocráticas ou sociais; resultantes daquelas tendências. O presente trabalho foi ancorado num tema de estudo que evidencia tais tensões: o processo de implementação da Rede Natura 2000, que se dedica à conservação da biodiversidade na Europa e ao mesmo tempo prioriza a consideração de características rurais culturais e socioeconómicas. Neste contexto, desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso sobre as Ribeiras Mediterrânicas de Monfurado (RMM), que vão de encontro a esta descrição. Foram articuladas diferentes tradições científicas e tipos de conhecimento de modo a testar a hipótese de que desta forma seria possível: i) compreender os agregados humano-natureza existentes nas RMM e contribuir para a sua gestão; ii) compreender as relações sociais no longo prazo, especificamente a nível da conexão entre diferentes grupos de actores sociais ligados às RMM, caracterizando o seu diálogo. Desta forma, foi proposto e aplicado um enquadramento transdisciplinar orientado para a prática e inspirado nos pensamentos coevolutivo e de investigação-acção utópica crítica. Para analisar as RMM, foram combinadas metodologias das ciências naturais e sociais, que variam desde biomonitorização à aplicação de um índice de integridade biótica, à análise interpretativa de entrevistas e à revisão histórica. A caracterização das ribeiras e da relação humano-natureza nelas existente contribuiu ao nível da gestão e da compreensão dos sistemas sócio-ecológicos das RMM. A importância da herança histórica de características sociais no longo prazo (como se mostrou ser o caso da desigualdade social) e de episódios históricos políticos específicos para as relações sociais actuais, e consequentemente para os programas de conservação, foi ainda assinalada. Os resultados também permitiram explorar e fundar perspectivas de melhoria futura do diálogo entre grupos sociais e da gestão de recursos naturais, adoptando-se uma postura de abertura perante a mudança sócio-ecológica e considerando-se o caso de estudo ‘inacabado’. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar ainda a possibilidade de reduzir as fronteiras entre sectores disciplinares, tipos de conhecimento e na conceptualização da divisão ontológica humano-natureza; cuja combinação, como se ilustra, pode contribuir para a gestão de recursos naturais e, mais importante, pode potenciar conhecimento e experiências acumuladas. Finalmente, colocou-se o caso de estudo nos contextos global e de longo prazo, ampliando o significado das relações humano-natureza e sociais tratadas; e gerando uma discussão sobre paradigmas de desenvolvimento e sistema mundial, sobre mudança e sua relação com utopia e experiências biográficas, sobre o potencial coevolutivo, sobre os significados de natureza e sobre a significância da capacidade humana de aspirar, pensar e agir.
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Falson, Connor. "A Dog and His Boy." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2320.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, I interrogate dominant media paradigms that discuss non-human animals, such as photography and documentary, and provide alternative modes of creating this work. Focusing on my relationship with my dog, Bear, I collaborated with him referencing the alternative methods to representation to create a series our thesis show, “A Dog and His Boy.” By opening up our relationship, I hope to inspire people to think about non-human animals, specifically dogs, more critically, and what their relationships with them are. The process of collaborating with Bear, someone of another species, only strengthened our bond, but also taught me much about how a dog senses their world, and how they think.
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Horstmann, Annette, Wiebke K. Fenske, and Mohammed K. Hankir. "Argument for a non-linear relationship between severity of human obesity and dopaminergic tone." Obesity reviews (2015) 16, 10, S. 821-830, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14789.
Full textAbstract:
Alterations in the dopaminergic system have been implicated in both animal and human obesity. However, to date, a comprehensive model on the nature and functional relevance of this relationship is missing. In particular, human data remain equivocal in that seemingly inconsistent reports exist of positive, negative or even no relationships between dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in the striatum and measures of obesity. Further, data on receptor availability have been commonly interpreted as reflecting receptor density, despite the possibility of an alternative interpretation, namely alterations in the basal levels of endogenous dopaminergic tone. Here, we provide a unifying framework that is able to explain the seemingly contradictory findings and offer an alternative and novel perspective on existing data. In particular, we suggest (i) a quadratic relationship between alterations in the dopaminergic system and degree of obesity, and (ii) that the observed alterations are driven by shifts in the balance between general dopaminergic tone and phasic dopaminergic signalling. The proposed model consistently integrates human data on molecular and behavioural characteristics of overweight and obesity. Further, the model provides a mechanistic framework accounting not only for the consistent observation of altered (food) reward–responsivity but also for the differences in reinforcement learning, decision-making behaviour and cognitive performance associated with measures of obesity.
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Horstmann, Annette, Wiebke K. Fenske, and Mohammed K. Hankir. "Argument for a non-linear relationship between severity of human obesity and dopaminergic tone." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-205643.
Full textAbstract:
Alterations in the dopaminergic system have been implicated in both animal and human obesity. However, to date, a comprehensive model on the nature and functional relevance of this relationship is missing. In particular, human data remain equivocal in that seemingly inconsistent reports exist of positive, negative or even no relationships between dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in the striatum and measures of obesity. Further, data on receptor availability have been commonly interpreted as reflecting receptor density, despite the possibility of an alternative interpretation, namely alterations in the basal levels of endogenous dopaminergic tone. Here, we provide a unifying framework that is able to explain the seemingly contradictory findings and offer an alternative and novel perspective on existing data. In particular, we suggest (i) a quadratic relationship between alterations in the dopaminergic system and degree of obesity, and (ii) that the observed alterations are driven by shifts in the balance between general dopaminergic tone and phasic dopaminergic signalling. The proposed model consistently integrates human data on molecular and behavioural characteristics of overweight and obesity. Further, the model provides a mechanistic framework accounting not only for the consistent observation of altered (food) reward–responsivity but also for the differences in reinforcement learning, decision-making behaviour and cognitive performance associated with measures of obesity.
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Langeni, Delile Gertrude. "Self-Disclosure of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status in Personal Relationships: Perceptions of South Africans Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4798.
Full textAbstract:
Despite enormous research on the experience of living with HIV, many questions remain regarding self-disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners by people living with HIV (PLWHIV), which is essential to reducing further infection. In this study, a phenomenological approach captured the experience of self-disclosure among South Africans living with HIV in Louwsburg, South Africa. The health belief model served as a theoretical framework, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 PLWHIV (8 women, 4 men) who self-disclosed their HIV status to their sexual partners. Their experiences were explored, discovering their illness, motives for self-disclosure, feelings regarding disclosing, responses of their sexual partners, their emotional reaction, and about their medical care. The themes rose from interviews showed that (a) many PLWHIV are reluctant to self-disclose until they actively experienced health issues; (b) motives for disclosure include the wish to ensure fairness; support and to empower other PLWHIV to prevent further infection; (c) feelings of disclosure are primarily relief and liberation, even though risks remain, especially for families separated by labor migration laws; (d) the response of sexual partners to disclosure varies widely; some are motivated to get tested and use condoms, decline and respond only with anger, blame, even abandonment; and (e) after accessing medical care, most PLWHIV reported support and appearing less sick, which reduces social stigma. The women were more open, forthcoming, and transparent about disclosing than men participants. Findings will assist with the creation of future health education programs aimed at creating safe environments to disclose HIV status, which may reduce community risk of contracting the virus.