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1
Павленко, Ольга Вячеславівна. "Методи визначення акустичних характеристик та підбору протезів кісточок середнього вуха людини." Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/25485.
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Магістерська дисертація: загальний обсяг 108 с., основна частина 102 с. 15 табл., 22 рис., 37 джерел.
Магістерська дисертація присвячена висвітленню перспективних методів визначення акустичних характеристик та підбору протезів кісточок середнього вуха людини.
Стрімкий розвиток сучасних технологій зумовлює нові виклики як для здоров’я людини, так і до осучаснення існуючих методів та технологій його покращення. Це стосується і оторилогічних захворювань, а проблема освоєння і вдосконалення тимпанопластики зумовлює актуальність даного дослілження.
Метою магістерської дисертації є дослідити проблему вибору матеріалу імплантатів (протезів) на основі формули середнього вуха людини в нормі. Відповідно до мети роботи, визначено основні завдання дослідження:
1. Дослідити фізичні передумови та принципи вимірювання імпедансу середнього вуха людини.
2. Описати теоретично і підтвердити експериментально формулу середнього вуха людини в нормі.
3. Проаналізувати історію розвитку тимпанопластики, її методи, матеріали та їх акустичні характеристики.
4. Обгрунтувати вибір матеріалів імплантатів (протезів) для заміни слухових кісточок із застосуванням моделі середнього вуха.
Об'єктом дослідження є процес трансформації енергії слуховим трактом людини.
Предметом дослідження виступають слухові протези для заміни слухових кісточок.
Методи дослідження. В роботі використано математичну модель середнього вуха людини в нормі, побудовану на основі методу електромеханічних аналогій. За допомогою методів неруйнівного контролю було визначено акустичні характеристики матеріалів імплантатів (протезів), розроблено алгоритм підбору матеріалів імплантатів (протезів), оснований на формулі середнього вуха людини.
Практичне значення одержаних результатів. Отримані результати вимірювання виміру твердості та жорсткості протезів підтверджують вірність і практичну користь даної методики та уможливлює його подальше впровадження в медичних закладах.Master's thesis: pages, total – 108, main body – 102; 15 tables, 22figures, 37 references. This master's thesis investigates prospective techniques for determining acoustic characteristics and the middle ear ossicles prosthetics selection. The rapid development of modern technologies leads to new challenges both for human health and for the modernization of existing techniques and methods for its improvement. This also applies to otorhinolaryngological diseases, and the issue of mastering and improving tympanoplasty determines the relevance of this study. The purpose of this master's thesis is to study the problem of selecting the material for implants (prostheses) based on the formula of the middle ear in the norm. In accordance with the purpose of the work, the main objectives of the study are defined: 1. To study the physical preconditions and principles of measuring the impedance of human’s middle ear. 2. To Describe theoretically and confirm experimentally the formula of the middle ear in the norm. 3. To analyze the history of the development of tympanoplasty, its methods, materials, and their acoustic characteristics. 4. To substantiate the choice of materials for implants (prostheses) to replace auditory ossicles using the model of the middle ear. The object of research is the process of energy transformation by the human’s auditory tract. The subject of the study is the auditory prostheses that replace auditory ossicles. Research methods. The mathematical model of the human’s middle in norm is used in this paper and is based on the method of electromechanical analogies. With the help of non-destructive testing techniques, acoustic characteristics of implant materials (prostheses) were determined, an algorithm based on the human’s formula of the middle ear to select materials for implants (prostheses) was developed. The practical value of the results. The obtained results of measurements of hardness and rigidity of prostheses confirm the fidelity and practical utility of this methodology and allow its further implementation in medical institutions.
Магистерская диссертация посвящена освещению перспективных методов определения акустических характеристик и подбора протезов косточек среднего уха человека. Стремительное развитие современных технологий обусловливает новые вызовы как для здоровья человека, так и к осовременивания существующих методов и технологий его улучшение. Это касается и оторилогичних заболеваний, а проблема освоения и совершенствования тимпанопластике обуславливает актуальность данного дослилження. Целью магистерской диссертации является исследовать проблему выбора материала имплантатов (протезов) на основе формулы среднего уха человека в норме. В целях работы, определены основные задачи исследования: 1. Исследовать физические предпосылки и принципы измерения импеданса среднего уха человека. 2. Описать теоретически и подтвердить экспериментально формулу среднего уха человека в норме. 3. Проанализировать историю развития тимпанопластике, ее методы, материалы и их акустические характеристики. 4. Обосновать выбор материалов имплантатов (протезов) для замены слуховых косточек с применением модели среднего уха. Объектом исследования является процесс трансформации энергии слуховым трактом человека. Предметом исследования выступают слуховые протезы для замены слуховых косточек. Методы исследования. В работе использованы математическую модель среднего уха человека в норме, построенную на основе метода электромеханических аналогий. С помощью методов неразрушающего контроля были определены акустические характеристики материалов имплантатов (протезов), разработан алгоритм подбора материалов имплантатов (протезов), основанный на формуле среднего уха человека. Практическое значение полученных результатов. полученные результаты измерения измерения твердости и жесткости протезов подтверждают верность и практическую пользу данной методики и делает его дальнейшее внедрение в медицинских учреждениях.
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Behringer, Ronald Martin. "Middle power leadership on human security." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0005281.
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Page, Tracy Christine. "Taste acceptibility and preference of soynut butter in humans." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1319551.
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The objective of this research was to determine the acceptability and preference of peanut butter and three different flavors of soynut butter among humans. Six hundred and sixty-two volunteers (401 females, 258 males and 3 unknown) between the ages of 18 and up were randomly asked to fill out a demographic survey and taste 1 tsp. (5.33 g) of three different soynut butters (creamy, creamy with honey, and creamy with chocolate) and 1 tsp. (5.33 g) of peanut butter on saltine crackers. After taste testing the soynut butters/peanut butter, volunteers were asked to rate each product on a 9-point hedonic rating scale based on appearance, texture, and flavor; the subjects were also asked as to whether they would purchase the nut butters. Demographic information such as participants' age, gender, year in school, and ethnicity were collected, along with questions concerning their frequency of exercise, eating and smoking habits, and health status of themselves and their families.The creamy with honey and creamy soynut butters were rated highest by both genders for all variables (i.e., appearance, texture, flavor, purchase). The purchase variable determined statistical significance between females and males. The females indicated by their rating that they would be more likely to purchase the chocolate soynut butter vs. the peanut butter, while the males indicated purchasing preference of peanut butter over the chocolate soynut butter.Given that both creamy with honey and creamy soynut butters were accepted by this population based on appearance, texture, and flavor, future research in this area should focus on soy foods in humans and biochemical parameters, marketing niches, specific ethnic or age preferences, and education of the health benefits of soy.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Spinks, Brandon Todd. "The status of democratization and human rights of the Middle East." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5430/.
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The end of the Cold War and the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have been accompanied by the spread of democracy, advancement in respect for human rights, and the introduction of market reforms in different parts of the world. The Middle Eastern region has not been an exception to this trend, where, in response to the mounting economic crisis and domestic public pressure, several governments introduced democratic and economic reforms. This thesis investigates the trends in the distribution of political authority among the Middle Eastern countries and the progress that these countries have made on the path of democracy and respect of human rights. Also explored are the various processes of political liberalization in Middle East states, and explanations posed as to why certain types of regimes have allowed for conditions conducive for reform and others have not.
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Mikhael, Chadia. "Finite-element modelling of the human middle ear." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82619.
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Most models of the middle ear are based on oversimplified geometries and iterative material-property fitting to experimental data which may yield physiologically incorrect estimates.The aim of our work was to build an accurate human middle-ear finite-element model that is based on accurate geometry and a priori material-property estimates.
A human temporal-bone specimen was obtained for which the middle-ear response had been measured by means of laser Doppler vibrometry. High-resolution micro-computed tomography data for the specimen were used for accurately defining structure geometry. This model comprises the tympanic membrane, the ossicles, two joints, and four ligaments. We assigned estimated material-property values derived from the literature.
We compared the response of our model with those of other human middle-ear models, and with experimental measurements including those from the same ear. Sensitivity of the model to several of its parameters was also investigated.
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Ratnasinghe, Duminda D. "Unusual Structure of a Human Middle Repetitive DNA." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1993. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2767.
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The L2Hs sequences are a polymorphic, interspersed, middle repetitive DNA family unique to human genomes. Genomic fingerprinting indicates that these DNAs vary from one individual to another and between tissues of the same individual. Sequence analysis reveals that they are AT-rich (76%) and contain many unusual sequence arrangements (palindromes, inverted and direct repeats). These sequence properties confer on the L2Hs elements the potential to fold into non-B-form structures, a characteristic of recombination hot spots. To test this hypothesis carbodiimide, osmium tetroxide and S$\sb1$ nuclease were used as single-strand specific probes to study a recombinant plasmid, pN6.4.39, containing a single L2Hs segment. Different forms of the plasmid substrate were analyzed, including linear molecules and circular forms of low, intermediate and high superhelical densities. In addition, plasmid DNA in growing E. coli cells were analyzed. Modified plasmid DNA was analyzed by primer extension in a sequencing-type reaction format. These studies demonstrate that the L2Hs sequences: (1) assume non-B-form structures both in vitro and in vivo, (2) map to predicted cruciform structures, (3) behave as C-type extrusion sequences, and (4) that these unusual DNA structures are dependent on plasmid superhelicity.
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Balis, Laura Elizabeth. "Guide to Implementing a Middle School Activity Program." The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-04272009-094021/.
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The purpose of the guide is to describe the steps in designing, implementing, and evaluating a cardiovascular health program for middle school students, called CATCH Fridays, and to create a guide for others who wish to replicate the program at their school.
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Werden, Joanna Rae. "Democracy, human rights and religiosity in the Middle East." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24369.pdf.
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Daniel, Sam J. "Finite-element model of the human eardrum and middle ear." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29429.
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Computer-generated models are increasingly being used in otolaryngology for teaching purposes, pre-operative planning and clinical simulations, especially when dealing with small complex areas such as the middle ear.One technique used to analyse the mechanics of complex models is the finite-element method whereby the system of interest is divided into a large number of small simple elements. The mechanical properties and applied forces are represented by functions defined over each element, and the mechanical response of the whole system can then be computed.
A unique three-dimensional finite-element model of the human eardrum and middle ear was devised. This model takes advantage of phase-shift moire shape measurements to precisely define the shape of the eardrum. The middle-ear geometry is derived from histological serial sections and from high-resolution magnetic-resonance microscopy of the human ear.
The model allows an improved understanding of the mechanics of the human middle ear, can simulate various pathological conditions, and assist in the design of ossicular prostheses.
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Hosseinioun, Mishana. "The globalisation of universal human rights and the Middle East." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8f6bdf79-2512-4f32-840a-3565a096ae8d.
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The goal of this study is to generate a more holistic picture of the diffusion and assimilation of universal human rights norms in diverse cultural and political settings such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The overarching question to be investigated in this thesis is the relationship between the evolving international human rights regime and the emerging human rights normative and legal culture in the Middle East. This question will be investigated in detail with reference to regional human rights schemes such as the Arab Charter of Human Rights, as well as local human rights developments in three Middle Eastern states, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Having gauged the take-up of human rights norms on the ground at the local and regional levels, the thesis examines in full the extent of socialisation and internalisation of human rights norms across the Middle East region at large.
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Kapnadak, Siddhartha G., Steve E. Herndon, Suzanne M. Burns, Y. Michael Shim, Kyle Enfield, Cynthia Brown, Jonathon D. Truwit, and Ajeet G. Vinayak. "A middle rate of failed extubation is desirable?: Questions unanswered (reply)." Elsevier B.V, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/610573.
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Vess, Deborah L. (Deborah Lynn). "Humanism in the Middle Ages: Peter Abailard and the Breakdown of Medieval Theology." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279101/.
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Abailard expanded Anselm's sola ratione methodology, and in so doing he anticipated Renaissance humanism. His theory of abstraction justified the use of dialectic in theology, and was the basis for his entire theological system. He distinguished faith from mere belief by the application of dialectic, and created a theology which focused on the individual. The Renaissance humanists emphasized individual moral edification, which was evident in their interest in rhetoric. Abailard anticipated these rhetorical concerns, focusing on the individual's moral life rather than on metaphysical arguments. His logical treatises developed a theory of language as a mediator between reality and the conceptual order, and this argument was further developed in Sic et non. Sic et non was more than a collection of contradictions; it was a comprehensive theory of language as an inexact picture of reality, which forced the individual to reach his own understanding of scripture. Abailard's development of the power of reason anticipated developments in the Renaissance.
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Boxall, John David. "Migration of human tympanic epithelium in health and disease." Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54162/.
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Kridler, Jamie Branam, and G. Maloy. "Mentoring via Theatre Arts: Building a Supportive Network Middle School Through College." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5865.
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Martin, Scott Graham. "Mind mapping in the middle school science classroom." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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McKenzie, Anna. "An investment in being human : exploring year 9 student exhibitions : an ACT case study /." Canberra, 2008. http://erl.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20081216.140527/index.html.
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Al-Aali, La'aleh Mohamed Moosa Jafar. "Nationalization : a case from the Middle East 'Kingdom of Bahrain'." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/nationalization--a-case-from-the-middle-east-kingdom-of-bahrain(8ef37a98-eb10-4f62-ae7c-2ecfa78884d4).html.
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This research explores human resource development ‘HRD’ as a ‘nationalization strategy’ within developing contexts. A framework for managing nationalization challenges and issues is constructed based on a ‘development’ concept at a national level. The development concept researched in the study is examined and explored through HRD and capacity building. Nationalization as an HRD national strategy is of crucial importance in developing country contexts, and this is especially true for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in the Middle East. Nationalization strategies have been applied by GCC countries in the Middle East to increase national labour participation within the economy. Since the early 1980s, although nationalization strategies have been implemented through government authorities and ministries, the expatriate employment share remains at around 70 per cent with increasing national unemployment rates. The main aim of the research is to explore the role of nationalization programs within an HRD framework designed to build capacity from national human resources. Forces of resistance towards nationalization are addressed through a development framework that depends on human resource development and capacity building. Nationalization challenges are examined within developing contexts along with HRD theories presenting an intersection that positions ‘nationalization’ within HRD literature. Addressing nationalization issues through a ‘qualitative’ approach, distinct from quantitative measures such as quotas, proves to be a necessity for transitioning national labour towards a diversified economy in the GCC. The framework presented to address nationalization in the GCC was explored at the individual, organizational and national levels, hence presenting the nationalization challenges faced by the main executors of nationalization policies. The research findings reveal a strong correlation between the real practice of nationalization and HRD theories revealing the intersection between key concepts. The research findings demonstrate the significance of the intersection of nationalization and HRD, thus positioning nationalization within the HRD literature. The research findings reveal other ‘qualitative’ factors necessary to ensure long-term economic returns. The relevant areas include preparation of HRD professionals, coordination among entities, balancing supply and demand for labour, creating desired private sectors, education and culture. Considering retention strategies within nationalization indicates to be a crucial necessity to avoid lost investments in nationalization efforts. An examination of the role of career development in private sector organizations in Bahrain for managing and retaining local talents within nationalization initiatives reveals the importance of considering monetary rewards and creating suitable nationalized sectors that are attractive to nationals. The research examination of change management processes within nationalization in Bahrain provides strong evidence of the importance of considering qualitative approaches for developing economic sectors through national human resource interventions by embedding capacity building processes that can create long-term economic sustainable benefits within the economy. Therefore, the research findings provide a nationalization framework that takes a holistic approach by revealing findings at the individual, organizational and national levels that are essential to consider for increasing national human resources participation in developing economies such as the GCC countries where resistance towards nationalization persists.
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Sánchez, Romera Alfonso. "The middle class in contemporary urban china: construction, practices and representations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Estudis Interculturals, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671319.
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Aquesta investigació té com a objectiu analitzar el fenomen social de la classe mitjana xinesa, posant atenció especial en la construcció social de la identitat mitjançant l’anàlisi de les pràctiques i representacions socials a la Xina urbana contemporània. L’estudi consisteix en l’anàlisi d’entrevistes semiestructurades mantingudes a Beijing entre l’any 2017 i l’any 2018, del discurs oficial de la classe mitjana xinesa a partir de les esmenes a la Constitució de la República Popular de la Xina (RPX) i dels textos i discursos dels líders de l’Estat-partit i, finalment, del contingut dels articles sobre classe mitjana publicats a Renmin wang (People’s Daily online) —el portaveu del Comitè Central del Partit Comunista Xinès— des de principis del segle XXI. Per això, l’etnografia no es centra únicament en proporcionar un exemple categòric de la construcció d’una identitat de classe mitjana a Beijing, sinó que també explora el camp social de la Xina urbana contemporània com a espai multidimensional de mobilitat social, de noves pràctiques i representacions socials —és a dir, de nous estils de vida. Tot i que s’ha emprat un esquema conceptual associat a l’obra de Pierre Bourdieu, alguns resultats obtinguts qüestionen la seva conceptualització de “classe real” i la seva formulació sobre les condicions homogènies d’existència de classe i la seva capacitat de generar pràctiques socials similars. El model de Bourdieu permet descobrir una sèrie de característiques definidores que indiquen que la formació dels grups de classes mitjanes a la RPX constitueix principalment un fenomen de reproducció social en comptes d’un procés de formació de classe. D’altra banda, el resultat d’aquesta recerca determina de quina manera la tesi de la “cleavage society” o l’anomenada cristal·lització de classes rau principalment en el consum —és a dir, el capital econòmic—, i no tant en una identitat ‘de classe’ reconeixedora o ‘classe real’. La migració interna a la RPX és una forma de consum d’un determinat estil de vida, una pràctica suzhi (‘de qualitat’) i una manera de construir-se com a subjecte de classe mitjana, civilitzat i modern. Tanmateix, a la Xina urbana es construeix progressivament una identitat de classe mitjana no només amb pràctiques de consum, sinó també amb l’experiència de participar en noves activitats al barri basada en principis oberts, públics i solidaris, i també en accions col·lectives contra la vulneració dels seus drets com a propietaris. Així doncs, aquesta investigació mostra la validesa i la configuració del concepte de classe —juntament amb els de racialització, gènere i sexualitat— per a produir una representació precisa de la institucionalització, legitimació i reproducció tant de la desigualtat com del privilegi a les societats contemporànies.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el fenómeno de la clase media china, poniendo especial énfasis en la construcción social de la identidad mediante el análisis de las prácticas y representaciones sociales en China urbana contemporánea. Se utiliza una metodología mixta que incluye el análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas llevadas a cabo en Beijing entre 2017 y 2018, el discurso oficial de la clase media china a través de las enmiendas a la Constitución de la República Popular de China (RPC) y de textos y discursos de los líderes del Estado-partido y, finalmente, del contenido de los artículos sobre clase media publicados en Renmin wang (Diario del Pueblo en Línea) —portavoz oficial del Comité Central del Partido Comunista Chino— desde principios del siglo XXI. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio no es brindar únicamente un ejemplo categórico de la construcción social de la identidad en la clase media, sino explorar también el campo social de China urbana contemporánea como espacio multidimensional de movilidad social, de nuevas prácticas y representaciones sociales —es decir, de nuevos estilos de vida. Aunque estas observaciones parten del esquema conceptual propuesto por Pierre Bourdieu, los resultados obtenidos cuestionan su conceptualización de la ’clase real’ y su formulación respecto a las condiciones homogéneas de existencia de las clases y su capacidad generadora de prácticas sociales similares. El modelo de Bourdieu permite descubrir una serie de características definidoras que indican que la formación de los grupos de clases medias en la RPC constituye principalmente un fenómeno de reproducción social en lugar de un proceso de formación de clase. Por otra parte, el resultado de esta investigación determina de qué manera la tesis de la ‘cleavage society’ o cristalización de clases se fundamenta principalmente en el consumo —es decir, el capital económico—, y no tanto en una identidad de ‘clase’ reconocible o ‘clase real’. La migración interna en la RPC es una forma de consumo de un determinado estilo de vida, una práctica suzhi (‘de calidad’) y una manera de construirse como sujeto de clase media, civilizado y moderno. Además, en las ciudades chinas se construye progresivamente una identidad de clase media no solo con prácticas de consumo, sino también con la experiencia de participar en nuevas actividades vecinales basadas en principios abiertos, públicos y solidarios, y en acciones colectivas contra la vulneración de sus derechos como propietarios. Así, esta investigación muestra la validez y la configuración del concepto de clase —junto a los de etnicidad, género y sexualidad— para producir una representación precisa de la institucionalización, legitimación y reproducción tanto de la desigualdad como del privilegio en las sociedades contemporáneas
This research aims to explore the social phenomenon of the Chinese middle class, with particular focus on the social construction of identity by analysing social practices and representations in contemporary urban China. The study is framed in the analysis of semi-structured interviews collected in Beijing between 2017 and 2018, the official discourse of the Chinese middle class through the amendments to the Chinese Constitution, the main texts and speeches of the Party-state leaders and, finally, the content of articles on middle class published on Renmin Wang (People’s Daily online) —the mouthpiece of Central Committee of the Communist Party of China— since the early 21st century. Therefore, the aim of this research is not only to provide a categorical example of the social construction of identity within Beijing’s middle class, but also to explore the social field in Contemporary urban China as a multidimensional space of social mobility, new social practices and representations —that is, new lifestyles. While these observations have been derived by employing a conceptual schema associated with the work of Pierre Bourdieu, some results obtained question his conceptualization of “real class” and his formulation on homogeneous conditions of class as homogeneous systems of dispositions capable of generating similar practices. As a result, this study has discovered a number of defining characteristics that indicate that the formation of the middle-classes groups in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) constitutes a social reproduction phenomenon rather than a class formation process. Moreover, the findings of the case study undertaken in Beijing are also supportive of the thesis of a cleavage society or the so-called class crystallization is maintained primarily through consumption —that is, economic capital—, but not through a recognizable ‘class’ identity or ‘real class’. Also, this study has shown that domestic migration in the PRC is also a form of lifestyle consumption, a suzhi (‘quality’) practice and a way to fashion oneself as a middle-class, civilized and modern subject. However, a middle-class identity is progressively constructed in urban China not only through consumption practices but also through the experience of participating in new activities in their neighbourhood life based on principles of openness, publicity and solidarity, and also in collective action against violation of their private-property rights as homeowners. Besides, the research revealed the validity and the configuration of the concept of class —together with racialization, gender and sexuality— to produce an accurate representation of the institutionalization, legitimatization and reproduction of both inequality and privilege in contemporary societies.
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Suhaila. "The status and rights of religious minorities in contemporary Islamists' discourse /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79772.
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This thesis is an attempt to examine one of the most important on-going debates in contemporary Islamists' discourses, namely, the status and rights of religious minorities in an Islamic state. The call by Islamists for the establishment of such a state governed by the Shari'ah has given rise to criticism that Islamization would entail the revival of the discriminatory rulings of traditional Islamic law with respect to non-Muslim citizens and the negation of the modern principle of the right to equality for all citizens irrespective of religious belief. To provide a background to the problem, this study presents a brief review of the stance of traditional Islamic law on the status and rights of non-Muslims living within the domain of Islam. This tradition has informed the discourses of contemporary Islamists on the question. Two currents of thought are examined: radical and moderate Islamism. Radical Islamists assert that granting non-Muslim citizens equal status and rights with Muslims is inconsistent with the teachings of Islam, although in stating this they confirm the apprehensions that Islamization would result in institutionalizing discrimination against religious minorities. Moderate Islamists on the other hand maintain that the concept of equal rights for all citizens is compatible with the tenets of Islam. Nonetheless, their arguments are not without problems as there are limits to how far they are willing to go in offering equal status and rights to non-Muslims.
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Bazgir, Behrouz. "Investigating the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition from the Sites in Khorramabad Valley; Western Iran: with Special Reference to Kaldar Cave." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460762.
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Aquesta tesi doctoral conté una recerca dirigida a la comprensió de la transició del Paleolític mitjà al superior a les muntanyes del Zagros, i de les seves implicacions en debats mes globals. Aquesta recerca és el resultat d’un programa complet de treball de camp portat a terme en quatre jaciments paleolítics: les coves de Gilvaran, Ghamari i Kaldar, i l’abric de Gar Arjeneh, localitzats a la vall del Khorramabad, a l’Iran occidental. L’excavació a major escala portada a terme a la cova de Kaldar va suposar el descobriment de restes culturals generalment associades als humans anatòmicament mderns (HAM), així com evidències d’indústries probablement fabricades pels neandertals. Per al nivell 4 de la cova de Kaldar es van obtenir dates per termoluminiscència compreses entre els 23,100 ± 3300 i els 29,400 ± 2300 BP, així com tres dates per radiocarboni AMS de 38,650–36,750 cal BP, 44,200–42,350 cal BP, i 54,400–46,050 cal BP respectivament. Amb les dades disponibles, la cova de Kaldar es converteix en la primer localitat ben estratificada i excavada corresponent al Paleolític superior al Zagros, i en una de les evidències més primerenques amb cultura material atribuïda als HAM a l’Àsia occidental. Així mateix, ofereix l’oportunitat d’estudiar les diferències tecnològiques i de ocmportament humà entre el Mosterià i el Paleolític superior inicial. Es presenten aquí els resultats d’ambdúes campanyes d’excavació, incloent una detallada descripció de l’estratigrafia de cada jaciment, els resultats de l’estudi dels conjunts lítics, les restes faunístiques, aspectes tafonòmics, la interpretació paleoambiental regional disponible, i finalment les dades geocronològiques del jaciment de Kaldar. A banda dels resultats publicats que es recullen en aquesta tesi (Bazgir et al. 2014, 2017; Davoudi et al. 2015; Becerra-Valdivia et al. 2017), s’aporten detalls de les excavacions i alguns resultats dels estudis multidisciplinars portats a terme sobre qüestions tecno-tipològiques i funcionals en les indústries lítiques, així com d’estudis antracològics dels carbons recuperats a les coves de Gilvaran i Kaldar.Esta tesis doctoral contiene una investigación dirigida a la comprensión de la transición del Paleolítico Medio al Superior en las montañas del Zagros, y de sus implicaciones en debates más globales. Esta investigación es el resultado del completo trabajo de campo llevado a cabo en cuatro yacimientos paleolíticos: las cuevas de Gilvaran, Ghamari y Kaldar, y el abrigo de Gar Arjeneh, localizados en el valle de Khorramabad, en Irán occidental. La excavación a mayor escala llevada a cabo en la cueva de Kaldar supuso el descubrimiento de restos culturales generalmente asociados a los humanos anatómicamente modernos (HAM), así como de evidencias de industrias probablemente fabricadas por Neandertales. Para el nivel 4 de la cueva de Kaldar se obtuvieron fechas por termoluminiscencia comprendidas entre los 23,100 ± 3300 y los 29,400 ± 2300 BP, así como tres fechas por radiocarbono AMS de 38,650–36,750 cal BP, 44,200–42,350 cal BP, y 54,400–46,050 cal BP respectivamente. Con los datos disponibles, la cueva de Kaldar se convierte en la primera localidad bien estratificada y excavada correspondiente al Paleolítico Superior en el Zagros, y en una de las evidencias más tempranas con cultura material atribuida a los HAM en Asia occidental. Asimismo, ofrece la oportunidad de estudiar las diferencias tecnológicas y de comportamiento humano entre el Musteriense y el Paleolítico Superior inicial. Se presentan aquí los resultados de ambas campañas de excavación, incluyendo una detallada descripción de la estratigrafía de cada yacimiento, los resultados del estudio de los conjuntos líticos, los restos faunísticos, aspectos tafonómicos, la interpretación paleoambiental regional disponible, y finalmente los datos geocronológicos del yacimiento de Kaldar. A parte de los resultados publicados que se recogen en esta tesis (Bazgir et al. 2014, 2017; Davoudi et al. 2015; Becerra-Valdivia et al. 2017), se aportan detalles de las excavaciones y algunos resultados de estudios multidisciplinarios llevados a cabo acerca de cuestiones tecno-tipológicas y funcionales en las industrias líticas así como de estudios antracológicos de los carbones recuperados en las cuevas de Gilvarán y Kaldar.
This PhD thesis deals with a goal-oriented research towards understanding the transition from Middle to Upper Paleolithic in the Zagros Mountains and its implications in global debates. This research is the result of a comprehensive field work carried out in four Paleolithic sites: Gilvaran, Ghamari and Kaldar caves and Gar Arjeneh rock shelter, located in the Khorramabad Valley; western Iran. We re-excavated Kaldar Cave in larger scale that led to the discovery of cultural remains generally associated with anatomically modern humans (AMH) as well as evidence of a probable Neanderthal-made industry. In Kaldar excavation we achieved four thermoluminescence dates for Layer 4, ranging from 23,100 ± 3300 to 29,400 ± 2300 BP, and three AMS radiocarbon dates yielding ages of 38,650–36,750 cal BP, 44,200–42,350 cal BP, and 54,400–46,050 cal BP. With the available data, Kaldar Cave is the first well-stratified Late Palaeolithic locality to be excavated in the Zagros which is one of the earliest sites with cultural materials attributed to early AMHs in western Asia. It also offers an opportunity to study the technological differences between the Mousterian and the first Upper Palaeolithic lithic technologies as well as the human behaviour. I present the results from both the excavation seasons which includes detailed description of each site stratigraphy, quantified results from the lithic assemblages, faunal remains, taphonomic aspects, interpretation of the regional paleoenvironment and geochronologic data from Kaldar Cave. Apart from the published results presented here in this thesis (Bazgir et al. 2014, 2017; Davoudi et al. 2015; Becerra-Valdivia et al. 2017), I provided more details from our excavations as well as some of our multidisciplinary analysis carried out on techno-typological and functional analysis on the lithic industries as well as anthrachological analysis on the recovered charcoals from Gilvaran and Kaldar caves.
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Bluth, Christoph. "Security, culture and human rights in the Middle East and South Asia." Xlibris, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17560.
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NoEuropean countries are dealing with an increasing number of refugees seeking asylum. Country evidence is critical in the assessment of any asylum claim. The purpose of this study is to review some of the common issues which frequently are the focus of asylum appeal cases in relation to applicants from South Asia and the Middle East. The focus is on Pakistan, Iraq and Iran and it covers a range of issues that give rise to asylum claims, such as the general security situation, the risk from terrorism and other forms of political violence, the risk to political opponents of governments, the risks in blood feuds and from the perceived violation of family honour, religious persecution and the risks faced by ethnic minorities. It is a very useful resource to volunteers and professionals involved in supporting asylum seekers.
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Ortiz, Gregory. "New contradictions : the activism of middle-class youth in Delhi." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a109cbd1-2294-4ca9-98cc-fd32494629e8.
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This thesis examines forms of activism among middle-class youth in the context of neoliberal urban change in Delhi. The research is set within four interdisciplinary bodies of literature reflecting the experiences of young activists: middle-class identity, everyday politics and new modalities of social action, intersectionality, and active citizenship. What emerges from each of these bodies is a view to the contradictory politics of the young middle-class. Focusing on new forms of social action at the community level, this thesis uses an expansive definition of both activism and middle-class to encompass a range of activities from social enterprise, to technology-enabled mobilization around social issues, to political campaigning among Indiaâs expanding middle-class. The research is framed within young peoples' period of waiting: for full adulthood, marriage, and importantly, full-time employment. Grounded in qualitative fieldwork, this thesis concentrates on young people, aged 18 to 30, in the middle-class with putatively distinct activist practices. Young people in Delhi are engaged in various activities that loosely correspond to different ideals of social justice or social work. I illustrate the innate differences in these ideals, their motivations, and methods. I analyze the limitations of different activist projects and the extent to which the social action is constructiveâin the sense of enhancing the capabilities of marginalized sections of society and promoting inclusivity. The young people at the core of this project contend to be anti-politics, yet they are quite political. Additionally, the interlocutors show contempt for the state and the commercial interests of the market but deploy and rely on strategies from both. My examination gives prominence to the improvised nature of young people's lives and the decisions they make at key life stages. Activation of the self, and actualization for the researched youth, manifests in entrepreneurial activity, community work short of politics, and the negotiation of class, caste, and gender on an everyday basis. This thesis argues for more scholarly attention to the everyday lives of middle-class youth that can offer insights into this key demographic and connect individual decisions to broader social and political change.
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Brown, Martin Reid. "Hardware Ergonomic Considerations in Middle School Classroom Computer and Video Display Terminal Installations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332559/.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the extent specific ergonomic factor implementations in computer and video display terminal (VDT) installations for student use in middle school classrooms. The data interpretations using existing furniture without modification or adaptation. Of all the seating observed, 75% of the seating met standards for middle school students. Keyboards and video display screens had been placed on existing tables and were all higher than ergonomically desirable for middle school students or adults.
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Nilsson, Robert O. "Desirable Competencies for Middle Managers in the Hospitality Industry." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-166410.
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The purpose of this thesis was to gain an updated understanding of the needs of thehospitality industry, and the desirable competencies for middle managers. Most previous studieshave stated the importance of continuant research on desirable competencies to update hospitalityeducators and students. This study was conducted to explore what competencies are desirable,why they are desirable, and how one can acquire them. Few, if any previous studies haveexplored how desirable competencies can be acquired. This thesis adapted qualitative methods togain a better understanding of the informants’ perception of desirable competencies. Theinformants were the general, front-office, food and beverage, and housekeeping managers, atthree different hotels of three different hotel-chains. The informants were personally interviewedwith the use of semi-structured interview guides and fake CV’s the informants had to rank duringthe interviews. The result demonstrated desirable competencies in seven different competencydomains: conceptual/ creative, leadership, human resource, interpersonal/communication, finance,technical and culture/language. The first six competencies are similar to Sandwith’s CompetencyDomain Model (1993); however, this thesis adds another competency domain, culture/language.The competencies were found to be desirable for all manager but were utilized in various waysdepending on the manager’s position. According to the informants, most competencies could betaught and developed through a mixture of formal education and work experience, while somecompetencies were considering part of one’s personality or upbringing. The results provide abetter understanding of desirable competencies in the hospitality industry and the importance ofcultural/language competencies which has not been highlighted in previous studies.
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Althen, Heike Corinna. "The Role of the Human Auditory Middle Latency Response in Auditory Novelty Detection." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129838.
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One way of structuring the huge amount of sound input reaching the human ear, is extracting sound objects, which are formed by stimuli having a certain regularity in common. Mismatching stimuli are detected pre-attentively and can trigger an involuntary attention switch towards them. The auditory-event related potential which reflects the process of detecting mismatching sounds is called mismatch negativity (MMN), usually peaks at 150 to 250 ms from stimulus onset and has bilateral sources in auditory and prefrontal cortex. MMN is elicited by deviants violating auditory regularities, like in a simple “oddball paradigm”, which is composed of unchanging repetitive “standard” sounds and rare, randomly occurring, deviating sounds (so called deviants), as well as by violations of more complex auditory regularities. Recently it has been shown that also the middle latency response (MLR), which is an earlier auditory evoked potential (AEP), reflects the occurrence of deviating sounds in an oddball paradigm. The objective of the present thesis was to examine the role of the middle latency response in the auditory deviance detection system.
The first study showed that lower intensity deviants of an oddball paradigm elicited a slight negativity at the transition from the Na to the Pa wave, in comparison to the response elicited by physically identical standard stimuli. In addition, an MMN was elicited. In the second study a hypercomplex invariance, more concretely, a feature-conjunction paradigm with two types of standard stimuli, each with a distinct combination of stimulus frequency and stimulus source location, and two types of deviant stimuli, each with the frequency of one standard stimulus, and the location of the other, were presented. In order to compare the results with MLRs elicited by stimuli of a simple auditory regularity, an additional simple oddball paradigm with frequency deviants was presented. The Nb wave of the MLR was enhanced in response to frequency deviants compared to standard stimuli of the simple oddball paradigm. However, comparison of the MLRs to deviants and standards of the feature-conjunction paradigm yielded no differences. An MMN was elicited in both paradigms. In the third study the application of a variation of the multi-feature paradigm for MLR studies and the MLR in response to frequency-intensity double deviants were probed. Frequency-intensity double deviants elicited a significant enhancement of the MLR, which was as large as the sum of the enhancements elicited by the frequency and intensity single deviants.
The results of the present thesis suggest that the early deviance detection at the level of the MLR occurs only for simple auditory regularities, as in the case of feature repetitions in the simple oddball paradigm, or in the multi-feature paradigm, where formation of the standard trace does not require extracting feature-combinations. Furthermore, the results suggest that deviations in frequency and intensity are processed independently from each other. Based on evidence from the present thesis and from other studies, we conclude that the regularity encoding and deviance detection of stimuli presented in more complex auditory regularities than the simple oddball or the multi-feature paradigm require higher-order brain mechanisms than those reflected in the MLR. This goes in line with the hypothesis of a hierarchically organized auditory novelty system. Concerning the cellular mechanisms underlying auditory deviance detection, it has been proposed that stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) to stimulus probabilities observed in animal auditory subcortical and cortical structures could be the single neuron correlate of the deviance-related activity in the human AEP due to its similar characteristics to MMN. However, since the latencies of the MLR better match the latencies of SSA, it is probable that the deviance-related modulations in the MLR represent a more direct correlate of the early cellular SSA, than MMN.El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es analizar el papel de la respuesta de latencia media del potencial evocado auditivo en el proceso de detección de la novedad auditiva. Más concretamente, y en base a la hipótesis de que el sistema de la novedad auditivo funciona de una manera jerárquica, el objetivo es estudiar el nivel de complejidad de las regularidades codificadas durante la respuesta de latencia media. Para este fin, se registraron las respuestas de latencia media en respuesta a paradigmas de la novedad auditiva con diferentes grados de complejidad. Al mismo tiempo, se analizó el potencial de disparidad con el fin de obtener una comparación directa entre la respuesta de latencia media y los potenciales evocados auditivos de larga latencia de estímulos estándar, desviados y, cuando fuera posible, estímulos de control. Basada en pruebas por la presente tesis y otros estudios relacionados, se concluye que la codificación de regularidad y de la detección de desviación de estímulos presentados en paradigmas auditivos poco complejos, como el paradigma “oddball” o el paradigma “multi-feature”, está reflejada por modulaciones de la respuesta de latencia media. En cambio, la codificación de regularidad y de la detección de desviación de estímulos presentados en paradigmas auditivos más complejos, como el paradigma “feature conjunction”, requiere mecanismos cerebrales de orden superior a los que se refleja en la respuesta de latencia media, como se indica por la provocación del potencial de disparidad. Esto corrobora la hipótesis de que el sistema de la novedad auditiva trabaja de forma jerárquica.
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Shepard, Samuel Steven. "The Characterization and Utilization of Middle-range Sequence Patterns within the Human Genome." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1271271172.
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Young, Daniel Stuart. "Peatland hydrology, climate change and human societies in Middle and Late Holocene Ireland." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/73800/.
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This thesis presents the results of an investigation of the relationships between peatland hydrology, climate change and human activity in the raised bogs of Ireland. In recent decades raised bogs have been shown to be valuable terrestrial archives of both climate change and archaeological activity for the Middle and Late Holocene, revealing evidence for significant centennial scale climate variability and abrupt climate events. However, recent compilations of palaeohydrological records from such sites have revealed evidence for significant inter-site (potentially autogenic) variability, particularly at the decadal to centennial scales thought to have had the most significant impact on human societies. Whilst recent investigations have revealed some evidence for a relationship between peatland hydrology and human activity at individual sites, broader patterns have been inconclusive, leading to the conclusion that the timing and extent of peatland use was not climatically-determined. The palaeohydrology of ten raised bogs in central Ireland has been reconstructed using plant macrofossil analysis, providing a reconstruction of changes in bog surface wetness (BSW) (driven by summer precipitation and temperature). These palaeohydrological records have been compared to site-specific and broader Ireland-wide archaeological datasets in order to examine the evidence for a predictable, consistent relationship between human activity and BSW. The palaeohydrological records are indicative of a combination of both local variability and climatic forcing; however, using the 'time-window' approach the data has provided evidence for regional transitions to wetter conditions indicative of climate forcing at ca. 3400, 2800, 1200 and 350 cal BP. Comparison of the palaeohydrological and archaeological datasets indicates that at individual sites, human activity was more likely to occur in drier bogs. However, no clear linear relationship between climate change and human activity at the broader regional/sub-regional scales could be identified. The apparent contradictions between the interpretation of the data at regional/sub-regional and local scales highlight the issues of chronological uncertainty and local variability in both archaeological and palaeohydrological records. It was therefore concluded that investigations of human-environment interactions should examine these relationships on a site-by-site basis, in order to provide a more detailed understanding of the complex relationships between human activity in peatlands, local environmental conditions and regional climate change.
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Konishi, Ryunosuke 1975. "Higher occupancy humanism : the trade-offs for encouraging middle income housing in a global city." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16971.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 46).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
In high density urban areas where the land acquisition and construction cost components are significant relative to total development costs, the market typically supplies a high-income housing product in order to justify the risks for new construction. In places such as New York, Tokyo, London and other land supply restricted cities, the effect of these rising costs has forced the unsubsidized middle-class to migrate further and further from the center of the city where most of the infrastructural area amenities and jobs are located. This causes extended commuting times that result in the exacerbation of pollution and wasted allocation of resources. In effect, the overall function of the city grows more inefficient. All the while, the demographic texture of the central city becomes a polarized gathering of the wealthy elite and the service oriented subsidized poor. The lack of income diversity results in a spatial built form that also mimics this polarized condition. In these circumstances, might there be a strategy for encouraging a housing prototype that specifically targets the broad middle class market in order for cities to maintain diverse communities, a tapestry of spatial form, and a more efficient competitive city. The hypothesis is that if housing occupancy levels can be doubled from what is currently allowed within spaces that are tighter than typical American standards, then middle-income affordability can be achieved without diminishing design quality. This thesis investigates what flexible spatial possibilities there may be for middle-income housing based on a series of design priorities that are underpinned with an approach that advocates for a more intense occupancy use per unit of housing. Due to the augmented use intensity, flexibly designed elements are built within the spatial form of each unit. Each design variation is subsequently tested against a private sector based feedback mechanism that measures the affordability range that the design can offer. This iterative tool reveals what income groups can be supplied due to the design changes put forth by the varying design priorities. It is the hope that this tool will enable architects, developers, and the capital markets to understand the trade-offs made from both a spatial form perspective as well as a market perspective in order to ultimately enhance the condition of the built environment.
by Ryunosuke Konishi.
S.M.
M.Arch.
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Sichmeller, Timothy J. "Determining energy conservation during torpor for three Myotis species and response of Myotis species to human disturbance while day roosting." CardinalScholar 1.0, 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1569027.
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The endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) has been the focus of much research in the past 40 years, primarily with respect to the summer habitat requirements for the species. Recent advances in radio telemetry have allowed researchers to learn about the specific activity patterns for roosting bats. Torpor is an energetic process that bats use to conserve energy through the day. We used an equation that gives a threshold for when the animal enters torpor to quantify the amount of energy conservation among Indiana bats, northern long-eared bat (M. septentrionalis) and little brown bat (M. lucifugus) and their reproductive stage. Additionally, we used the torpor threshold to determine if researchers were causing disturbances to roosting female Myotis bats in the summer.Department of Biology
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Greenan, Michele Anne. "Three early-middle Woodland mortuary sites in East Central Indiana : a study in paleopathology." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1137663.
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The study of paleopathology is intrinsic to the study of past human societies. Through analyzing gross bone abnormalities in the individuals of a population group, one can discover occurrences of specific diseases. Diseases are often associated with diet, demography, environment, and culture of a population group. Understanding the types of diseases present can therefore lead to much information about a population group. The intent of this research is to analyze the skeletal remains from three mortuary sites to ascertain the occurrences of particular diseases. The New Castle site (12Hn1) the White site (121-In10), and Windsor Mound (12R1) represent a sample of the Early-Middle Woodland population from east central Indiana.Department of Anthropology
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Akl, Lívia Drumond 1979. "Síndrome metabólica em mulheres de meia-idade vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana = Metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women living with human immunodeficiency virus." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312828.
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Orientadores: Lúcia Helena Simões da Costa Paiva, Ana Lúcia Ribeiro ValadaresTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A terapia antirretroviral (TARV) impactou drasticamente na taxa mortalidade e expectativa de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHS), mas tem sido associada a uma série de alterações metabólicas, incluindo a síndrome metabólica (SM). Tal como para as consequências clínicas da SM, existe evidência de que as mulheres são particularmente afetadas negativamente. Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de SM e fatores associados em mulheres climatéricas com e sem o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de corte transversal, entre outubro de 2010 e julho de 2012, em uma amostra com 537 mulheres (273 mulheres climatéricas HIV soropositivas e 264 mulheres climatéricas HIV soronegativas) entre 40 e 60 anos em dois centros de referência no tratamento ambulatorial de HIV. A SM foi diagnosticada de acordo com o critério da IDF, 2006. Foi realizada uma entrevista para avaliação dos fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos, comportamentais e fatores associados com a infecção pelo HIV. Todas foram submetidas à medida do peso corporal, altura, circunferência da cintura, pressão arterial e realizaram coleta de sangue periférico para dosagem de colesterol total e frações, triglicérides, glicemia de jejum e dosagens hormonais. Foram utilizadas a análise bivariada e a análise de regressão múltipla para selecionar os principais fatores associados à SM. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 47,7 anos nas mulheres HIV soropositivas e 49,8 anos nas mulheres HIV soronegativas (p<0,001). A prevalência de SM no grupo soropositivo foi de 46,9% em comparação com 42,2% no grupo soronegativo (p=0,340). A análise bivariada mostrou maior prevalência de SM no grupo HIV soropositivo em mulheres que estavam na pós-menopausa em comparação ao grupo soronegativo (p=0,032), em uso de terapia hormonal (TH) (p=0,040), quando a autopercepção de saúde foi considerada excelente/boa (p=0,011) e em mulheres com índice de massa corporal (IMC) > 25 kg/m² (p=0,005). A análise bivariada somente do grupo HIV soropositivo mostrou associação entre SM e idade ? 50 anos (p=0,002), escolaridade < 8 anos (p=0,003), pós-menopausa (p<0,001), IMC > 25 Kg/m² (p<0,001) e FSH ? 40 mUI/mL (p=0,002). Não houve associação entre SM e o uso de Lopinavir e Indinavir no grupo HIV soropositivo. A análise de regressão múltipla no grupo geral mostrou que os fatores associados a SM foram IMC > 25 kg/m² (RP: 2,34; IC95%%: 1,70-3,21; p<0,001), envelhecimento (RP: 1,05; IC95%%: 1,02-1,07; p<0,001) e uso de TARV (RP: 1,48; IC95%%: 1,13-1,94; p=0,005). A análise múltipla somente do grupo soropositivo mostrou associação entre SM e IMC em kg/m² (RP: 1,09; IC95%%: 1,05-1,13; p<0,001) e dosagem de hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) ? 40 mUI/mL (RP: 1,66; IC95%%: 1,14-2,40; p=0,008). Conclusão: Não houve associação de SM e infecção pelo HIV. Verificou-se que as mulheres HIV soropositivas tiveram prevalência significativamente maior de SM quando na pós-menopausa, com alto IMC e em uso da TARV. Observa-se a necessidade de uma melhor abordagem de mulheres HIV soropositivas e soronegativas para evitar o ganho de peso e SM
Abstract: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) dramatically impacted mortality and life expectancy in people living with HIV (PLWH), but has been associated with a number of metabolic abnormalities, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). As to the clinical consequences of MetS, there is evidence that females are particularly negatively affected. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of MetS and associated factors in climacteric women with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: A cross-sectional study between october 2010 and july 2012, in a sample of 537 women (273 HIV seropositive climacteric women and 264 HIV seronegative climacteric women) between 40 and 60 years at two referral centers in the HIV outpatient¿s clinic. MetS was diagnosed according to IDF, 2006. Interviews to assess sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors associated with HIV infection was performed. All women were submitted to body weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure and performed peripheral blood collection for total cholesterol dosage and fractions, triglycerides, fasting glucose and hormone levels. Bivariate analysis and multiple regression analysis to select the main factors associated with MetS were performed. Results: The mean age was 47.7 years in HIV seropositive women and 49.8 years in the HIV seronegative women (p<0.001). The prevalence of MetS in HIV seropositive climacteric women was 46.9% compared to 42.2% in the HIV seronegative group (p=0.340). Bivariate analysis revealed a higher prevalence of MetS in HIV seropositive group in women who were postmenopausal compared to HIV seronegative group (p=0.032), in use of hormone therapy (HT) (p=0.040), when the self-rated health was considered excellent/good (p=0.011) and in women with body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m² (p=0.005). The bivariate analysis of such HIV seropositive group showed an association between MetS and age ? 50 years (p=0.002), formal education < 8 years (p = 0.003), being postmenopausal (p<0.001), BMI > 25 kg/m² (p<0.001) and FSH ? 40 mIU/mL (p=0.002). There was no association between MetS and the use of Lopinavir and Indinavir in HIV seropositive group. Multiple regression analysis showed that in the whole group, factors associated with MetS were BMI > 25 kg/m² (PR: 2.34; 95 % CI: 1.70 to 3.21; p<0.001), aging (PR: 1.05; 95 % CI: 1.02 to 1.07; p<0.001) and the use of HAART (PR: 1.48; 95 % CI: 1.13 to 1.94; p = 0.005). Multiple analysis of such HIV seropositive group showed an association between MetS and BMI in kg/m² (PR: 1.09; 95 % CI: 1.05-1.13; p<0.001) and follicle stimulating hormone dosage (FSH) ? 40 mIU/mL (PR: 1.66; 95 % CI: 1.14 to 2.40; p=0.008). Conclusion: There was no association of MetS and HIV infection. It was found that HIV seropositive women had significantly higher prevalence of MetS when being postmenopausal, with high BMI and in use of HAART. There is a need of a better approach to both HIV seropositive and seronegative women to prevent weight gain and MetS
Doutorado
Fisiopatologia Ginecológica
Doutora em Ciências da Saúde
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Fraser, James Angus. "Amazonian dark earths and Caboclo subsistence on the middle Madeira River, Brazil." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2339/.
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This thesis examines the relationship between Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE) and Caboclo subsistence on the Middle Madeira River, Brazil. ADE are fertile anthropogenic (man-made) soils formed through practices of burning and waste disposal by pre-Columbian Amerindian populations. “Caboclo” is a social category that refers to the people of diverse origins that form the majority of the contemporary rural population of Brazilian Amazonia. Bitter manioc fields (roças) and homegardens (sítios) are the principal forms of Caboclo subsistence cultivation on ADE on the Middle Madeira River. Multi-sited ethnography shows that differences in historical ecology at both local and regional scales either enable or constrain Caboclo subsistence cultivation on ADE. At communities located on long-term landholdings with a history of egalitarian land-tenure and multi-generational kinship there is a rich body of local knowledge and practice relating to the cultivation of ADE. Interviews with 249 farmers in six localities demonstrate that bitter manioc cultivation in fertile soils (floodplain and ADE) tends to be characterised by intensive swidden systems with smaller fields, shorter fallows, and a predominance of what locals refer to as “weak” (low starch fast maturing) landraces. Bitter manioc cultivation in infertile soils (Oxisols and Ultisols) is characterised by more extensive shifting cultivation systems with larger fields, longer fallows and a predominance of what locals refer to as “strong” (high starch slow maturing) landraces. Interviews with 63 households at 16 communities show that homegardens on ADE combine the most common species of homegardens on Oxisols and in the Floodplain, with other species that occur most frequently on ADE. Homegardens on ADE exhibit significantly higher culturally salient species diversity when compared to homegardens on the other types of soil. Collectively, bitter manioc fields and homegardens constitute cultivated landscapes that show diverging agrobiodiversity on different soils, the outcome of an interplay between soil affordances, Caboclo agency and plant responses over time. These findings provide a springboard for some conclusions concerning the relationship between ADE and agriculture in the pre-Columbian period, drawing on what is known from the historical and archaeological record.
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Beer, Hans-Joachim, Matthias Bornitz, Hans-Jürgen Hardtke, Rolf Schmidt, Gert Hofmann, Uwe Vogel, Thomas Zahnert, and Karl-Bernd Hüttenbrink. "Modelling of Components of the Human Middle Ear and Simulation of Their Dynamic Behaviour." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-135781.
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In order to get a better insight into the function of the human middle ear it is necessary to simulate its dynamic behaviour by means of the finite-element method. Three-dimensional measurements of the surfaces of the tympanic membrane and of the auditory ossicles malleus, incus and stapes are carried out and geometrical models are created. On the basis of these data, finite-element models are constructed and the dynamic behaviour of the combinations tympanic membrane with malleus in its elastic suspensions and stapes with annular ligament is simulated. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are computed by modal analysis. These investigations showed that the ossicles can be treated as rigid bodies only in a restricted frequency range from 0 to 3.5 kHzDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Beer, Hans-Joachim, Matthias Bornitz, Hans-Jürgen Hardtke, Rolf Schmidt, Gert Hofmann, Uwe Vogel, Thomas Zahnert, and Karl-Bernd Hüttenbrink. "Modelling of Components of the Human Middle Ear and Simulation of Their Dynamic Behaviour." Karger, 1999. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27676.
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In order to get a better insight into the function of the human middle ear it is necessary to simulate its dynamic behaviour by means of the finite-element method. Three-dimensional measurements of the surfaces of the tympanic membrane and of the auditory ossicles malleus, incus and stapes are carried out and geometrical models are created. On the basis of these data, finite-element models are constructed and the dynamic behaviour of the combinations tympanic membrane with malleus in its elastic suspensions and stapes with annular ligament is simulated. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are computed by modal analysis. These investigations showed that the ossicles can be treated as rigid bodies only in a restricted frequency range from 0 to 3.5 kHz.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Silvestri, Letizia. "Caves and human lifeways in Middle Bronze Age central Italy : a social bioarchaeology approach." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12226/.
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This thesis is about the Middle Bronze Age (MBA: 1750-1450 BC) caves of central Italy, and the faunal and plant remains found inside them using the combined approach of contextual archaeology and social bioarchaeology. I draw new inferences from these ecofactual remains, which are crucial to improving our understanding of human lifeways in the Apennine region of the Italian peninsula. This work is much needed both in the field of cave archaeology (especially in relation to the Italian area) and in that of bioarchaeology. Here, traditional methodological issues, such as a tendency to ignore the ritual aspects of cave deposits, have produced substantial biases in the interpretations of the subsistence strategies. In addition, such traditional approaches based on Higgs’ (1975) palaeoeconomy have prevented bioarchaeological disciplines such as zooarchaeology and palaeoethnobotany from being productively used in several fields of application, notably in social archaeology. By analysingthe data published over the last 35 years, as well as four archival collections and the new data from the newly excavated deposits at Mora Cavorso, Pastena and Collepardo caves, I have been able to: 1) recognise cave datasets as biased sources for the direct reconstruction of palaeoeconomy; 2) identify significant evidence pointing to the coexistence of agriculture and sheep farming even at the same sites, and to infer new information about seasonality and transhumance in the study area; 3) isolate recurrent trends in animal and plant selection in the sampled caves. This evidence points to specific ritual choices that must have been integrated into the religious framework of the communities that used these caves. This highlights both the variability of human practices undertaken at these sites, and the similarities between them, shedding more light on the nature and – in some cases – the possible significance of such rituals. In sum, I demonstrate how complex the use of caves in MBA central Italy was, and that a strict categorisation of such uses (as domestic, ritual, burial) is misleading.
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Branch, Nicholas Philip. "Vegetation history and human activity in the Ligurian Apennines and Alps, Italy, during the last 14,000 years." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322191.
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Wurz, Sarah (Sarah Jacoba Deborah). "The middle stone age at Klasies River, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51998.
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Thesis (D Phil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Late Pleistocene, Middle Stone Age artefact sequence at the Klasies River main site, was studied to establish what information this held for inferences on the emergence of symbolic thought and communication. The approach adopted was to complement traditional typological analysis by a technological study of artefact production within the framework of the chafne opératoire. The results show that technology was aimed at producing preformed blanks. In the choice of materials, the technique and method of blank production and the retouch of blanks, arbitrary or stylistic choices were made. Changes in stylistic conventions can be documented through the sequence. Changing conventions in artefact production show that the lives of the people who made the artefacts were structured in a symbolic web. These results together with evidence from evolutionary biology, show that by at least 115 000 years ago, people were able to think and speak symbolically. This African archaeological evidence for the emergence of symbolism, a defining attribute of modem peoples, is much older than previously considered. KEYWORDS: Klasies River, Middle Stone Age, technology, symbolic communication, human evolution.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Latere Pleistoseen, Middel Steentydperk artefakte by Klasiesrivier vindplaas is bestudeer om te bepaal watter kennis ingewin kan word aangaande die ontstaan van simboliese denkwyse en kommunikasie. Die benadering wat gevolg is, was om tradisionele tipologiese analise te komplementeer met 'n tegnologiese studie van artefak produksie binne die raamwerk van die chafne opératoire. Die resultate demonstreer dat tegnologie gemik was op die produksie van voorafgevormde skilfers. Die keuse van roumateriaal, die tegniek en metode van produksie en die herafwerk van skilfers is gelei deur arbitrêre stilistiese keuses. Veranderinge in hierdie konvensies kan gedokumenteer word deur die hele sekwens. Hierdie verandering is tipies van mense wie se lewens gestruktureer word deur 'n simboliese web. Dié resultate, en dié van evolusionêre biologie, dui daarop dat mense reeds teen 115 000 jaar gelede simboliese denke en spraak magtig was. Hierdie bewyse vanuit Afrika vir die ontstaan van simboliese gedrag is veel vroeër as vantevore gereken. SLEUTEL WOORDE: Klasiesrivier, Middel Steentydperk, tegnologie, simboliese kommunikasie, menslike evolusie.
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Albert, Cristóbal Rosa Maria. "Study of ash layers through phytolith analyses from the Middle Paleolithic levels of Kebara and Tabun caves." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2606.
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The Levant, and Israel in particular, possesses a rich archaeological record of prehistoric caves from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods. Some of these caves have been subjected to intensive multidisciplinary studies, providing information not only on the archaeological record, but also on the diagenetic processes that have affected this archaeological record through time.One of the most interesting remains preserved in these caves is the ashy features or hearths. They are usually abundant and often visually well preserved. Ash accumulations are sometimes meters thick. Their presence has made it possible to use and develop new techniques in order to obtain more information about the fire related activities carried out in the cave, the functionality of these hearths and their significance in the social life of past cultures.
One of the techniques used for the study of hearths involves the analysis of phytoliths. Phytolith analyses in prehistoric hearths can be used for a variety of purposes. These include the identification of ash remains, even in locations where they are not visible to the naked eye due to diagenetic alteration; the identification, in a specific hearth, of the use of wood/bark as opposed to other types of vegetation such as grasses, and the identification of different species of trees and/or other plants used as fuel in a specific hearth. It is also conceivable that the latter two sources of information could provide indications of possible uses of fire (cooking, warmth, technical purposes, etc.) based on the different fuels used.
An interpretation of the phytolith data from an ashy feature or hearth needs to be based both, on the morphological characteristics and the quantitative analyses of the phytoliths. This provides information on the absolute number of phytoliths produced by the trees and other plant taxa present in the area, and on the number of phytoliths per unit weight of sediment. This in tum may indicate, for example, the extent of mixing of ash with other soils, the relative proportions of say wood ash and grasses in a hearth, or the use of fruits from trees or other parts of the trees.
This study focuses on the ash layers frorn two prehistoric caves in Israel, Tabun and Kebara, both located on Mount Carmel, Israel (Figure 1). Tabun was occupied during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic periods and Kebara was occupied during the Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods. Both caves have visible hearths, with those in Kebara being particularly impressive.
Alternative modes of occupation of Tabun Cave during the deposition of the Mousterian Levels B and C, have been proposed. Garrod & Bate (1937) interpreted the archaeological record of both levels as being indicative of domestic occupationaI activities. Jelinek et al. (1973) proposed that the presence of articulated limb bones of "Dama mesopotamica" in the Level B sediments below the cave chimney, indicated that the cave was used as a natural game trap. They also noted that the white ash layers in Level C extended across the whole cave, and proposed that this was due to the burning of natural vegetation in the cave. The study carried out in Tabun cave aims at clarifying the modes of occupation during these periods.
Level B sediments closely resembles the terra rossa soil, that is common in this region. Burning activity is inferred from charcoal fragments observed in thin sections. A minor wood ash component is present based on the preponderance of phytoliths with a variable, irregular morphology, produced mostly in wood and bark as compared to those with a consistent or characteristic morphology, as well as phytoliths with shapes characteristics of those formed in wood and bark of local trees. Thus fires were produced in the cave during this period. The cave may also have been used as a game trap.
Level C is composed of multiple layers of brown, black and white sediments. Micromorphology, mineralogy and phytolith analyses all show that these layers are mixtures of terra rossa soil and ash, with the latter being abundant in the white layers. The phytoliths in these layers are derived almost entirely from wood and bark, and not from grasses. These observations are consistent with a domestic occupational mode.
Kebara cave is a well studied archaeological site. It contains abundant visible hearths and ash-derived minerals that are the major component of the Mousterian sediments. The latter are in varying states of preservation. Furthermore, archeobotanic information is available from charred remains. Kebara cave is thus an ideal location to study the potential of phytoliths to provide information on the mode of fire used in the cave, to assess the input of other plant materials, as well as to determine the effects of diagenesis on phytolith preservation.
Sixteen samples were analyzed in terms of their mineralogy, phytolith contents per unit weight of acid insoluble fraction, and phytolith morphologies. In general the preservation of the phytoliths is good, except for the two samples in which the mineral component at present is largely ash-derived calcite. The cave sediments contain about ten times more phytoliths than those present in the four samples analyzed from outside the cave. The major source of plant material input into the cave is clearly from the wood and bark used for the fuel for fires. The grass phytoliths present in the samples are also thought to have been brought into the cave mainly associated with the wood/bark fuel. Sediments from the hearths, as well as those between the hearths, contain abundant wood/bark phytoliths. The two samples of the latter contain also appreciable amounts of phytoliths not known to be present in wood and bark, as do other hearth-derived samples. Plant materials other than those used as fuel, were thus also brought into the cave.
The study about Kebara cave shows that phytoliths analysis, in conjunction with detailed mineralogical, stratigraphic, archaeobotanic and field information, can provide a more complete understanding of the use of plant materials in prehistoric caves for both fuel and other purposes.
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ROSHEIDAT, AKRAM N. KH. "TRIBAL SYMBOLISM WITHIN THE BUILT FORM IN THE MIDDLE EAST." The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555407.
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Hussain, Nora. "Giving the other a human face : a counselling psychology perspective on the potential benefit of an intergroup encounter intervention between Israelis and Palestinians in Cyprus." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2018. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/Giving-the-other-a-human-face(d957946d-0a84-413c-bc52-38f235e078b3).html.
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The need for intergroup reconciliation programmes emerges within the prevailing narrative of cultural conflict. However, failing attempts to resolve conflict at the macro (political) level of society have called for a unique approach that seeks to address these issues creatively at the first point of contact. Therefore, the last twenty years have seen a proliferation of non-profit group workshops and interventions aimed at engaging groups in a diversity of dialogue. To date there have been very few of these interventions that have addressed conflict therapeutically at the micro level of society– at which communities interact directly with another. The aim of this research was to conduct an explorative mixed method study into how an intergroup encounter intervention between Palestinians and Israelis could encourage participants to understand each other as human beings with shared fears, hopes and rights that may surpass assumptions of the other as ‘the enemy’, thereby encouraging participants to ‘give the other a human face’. Conducted with a mixed group of twenty-eight participants, a pre-to-post survey measure analysed behavioural change, while a six-month follow-up interview with four participants explored the impact of participating in the acquaintance seminar on participants lived experiences. Final analysis indicated that while there was a trend towards behavioural change, the outcome was statistically non-significant. Meanwhile interpretive phenomenological analysis produced five key master themes that highlighted the impact of change and the contextual challenges of living with conflict. Managing new relationships and cultural barriers highlighted the key contextual challenges that participants were faced with. This highlights a need for investing resources and training into group conflict programmes that are promoted by key counselling psychology principles of practice. Overall, working with conflict is considered a relevant and unique opportunity for counselling psychologists and group facilitators, most of whom have no formal training or resources for working with conflict resolution in minority groups.
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Myrick, Melinda. "HUMAN SEXUALITY EDUCATION IN THE MIDDLE GRADES CLASSROOM: A REVIEW OF CURRICULA IN A SAMPLE OF FLORIDA SCHOOL DISTRICTS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3221.
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This study examined the extent to which human sexuality topics are covered in Florida middle school science classrooms and the process by which curricular decisions are made regarding human sexuality education on a county-wide basis. Primary data included interviews with county-level administrators who oversee curricular decisions related to the middle-grades science curriculum or health curriculum in twelve school districts within the state. These districts represented four geographic locations and districts of various sizes. Administrators from four of the twelve studies in the sample chose to provide information regarding their human sexuality education curriculum. In two cases, teacher leads were identified and were interviewed to understand the implementation of the curriculum within the classroom. Additional data were collected from the district curriculum guides for human sexuality education and the adopted middle-grades science textbook for each county. The interview and documentary data were analyzed by comparison to established criteria for a comprehensive human sexuality education curriculum. The analysis revealed that the scope of human sexuality education varied considerably within the sample and that much of the curricula in place failed to include topics and activities that have been identified as important in a successful human sexuality education program. These findings are limited because few counties chose to fully participate. Additional research is clearly needed to examine the effectiveness of existing human sexuality education curricula in Florida. In addition, research is needed to understand the characteristics, values, and beliefs of successful human sexuality education instructors across the state.Ph.D.
Department of Educational Studies
Education
Curriculum and Instruction EdD
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Ghanem, Rima [Verfasser]. "Mathematical Economics of Human Capital in the Middle East in Long-Run Perspective / Rima Ghanem." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1227964536/34.
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Longshore-Cook, Beatrice S. "Organizations of Women: Towards an Equal Future in Palestine." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/196.
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The development and struggle for nationalism in Palestine, as seen through an historical lens of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, demonstrates the complexity of gendered spaces and narratives inherent in any conflict. Women’s roles have often been confined to specific, gendered spaces within their society. However, through the utilization of these roles, women are circumnavigating the gendered spaces of their society in order to effectively alter the political and social systems of Palestine. Through a discussion of two specific women’s organizations – the Jerusalem Center for Women (JCW) and the Women’s Centre for Legal Aid and Counselling (WCLAC) – this work will demonstrate the significance of Palestinian women’s agency in shaping the political and social atmosphere in Palestine. These two organizations focus on achieving women’s rights, utilizing feminist ideology and terminology, but to varying degrees and affect. Although feminism is not explicitly proposed by each organization, the work of each nonetheless addresses the inequalities of the state in order to afford women an equal standing within the society and the eventually, fully recognized State of Palestine. These organizations clearly demonstrate the ability of women in Palestine to act upon their own intentions, desires, and motivations, through the maximization of the gendered spaces, in order to achieve gender, political, social, and national change.
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Pitt, Alison Patricia. "Comparison of Middle Eastern Bedouin genotypes with previously studies populations using polymorphic Alu insertions." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0119.
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[Truncated abstract] Polymorphic Alu insertions (POALINs) are known to contribute to the variation and genetic diversity of the human genome. In this report specific POALINs of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) were studied. Previous population studies on the MHC POALINs have focused on individuals of African, European and Asian descent. In this study, we expand the research by studying a new and previously uncharacterised population, focusing on the Bedouin from the Middle East. Specifically we report on the individual insertion frequencies of four POALINs within the MHC class I region of this population. POALINs are members of a young Alu subfamily that have only recently been inserted into the human genome. POALINs are either present or absent at particular sites. Individuals that share the inserted (or deleted) polymorphism inherited the insertion (or deletion) from a common ancestor, making Alu alleles identical by decent. In population genetics a comparison of the resulting products from each population can then be done by comparing the lengths of the PCR products in a series of unrelated individuals and may also detect polymorphisms with regard to the presence or absence of the Alu repeats. As a direct result of their abundance and sequence identity, they promote genetic recombination events that are responsible for large-scale deletions, duplication and translocations. The deletions occur mostly in the A-T rich regions and have found to be unlikely to have been created independently of the insertions of the Alu elements (Callinan et al, 2005) The easy genotyping of the POALINs has proven to be very valuable as lineage markers for the study of human population genetics, pedigree and forensics as well as genomic diversity and evolution. POALINs have been used in a range of applications, primarily focusing on anthropological analysis of human populations. As a result of its ease of use and its utility as a marker in human evolutions studies, combining the POALINs along with other markers used in forensics could lead to improved identity testing in forensic science. More specifically, in combination with more traditional markers, race specific genotypes and haplotypes could be used for profiling crime scene samples. ... This is supported by previously reported molecular data using various types of genetic markers. In a study using six separate Alu genes, Antunez-de-Mayolo et al were able to generate a phylogenetic tree, in which the biogeographical groups followed a pattern. The biogeographical groups started with African populations that were found to relate closely to the hypothetical ancestral African population. The African populations were then followed in order by Southwest Asian populations, European populations which include Middle Eastern groups (Antunez-de-Mayolo et al, 2002). This study shows the similarities and differences between the frequencies of the Middle Eastern Bedouin and the rest of the compared populations. Though no clear results were determined, the information from the POALINs along with information provided from other genetic markers can lead to further research on the Bedouin population and the improvement of the forensic population database in order to accurately test individual ethnic background of samples to be analysed.
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Bouhamdan, Tyra Murielle. "Religion, the Law and the Human Rights of Women in the Middle East: A Quantitative Analysis." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/31/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009.Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 20, 2010) Michael Herb, committee chair; Jelena Subotic, Scott Graves, committee members. Includes bibliographical references.
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VASCONCELLOS, LETICIA SPENCER DE. "BRAZIL S PRINCIPLED FOREIGN POLICY IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THE CHALLENGES OF A HUMAN RIGHTS AGENDA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34580@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
O presente trabalho propõe-se a descrever e analisar as relações entre Brasil e Oriente Médio sob o prisma dos tradicionais princípios que regem a política externa brasileira, em particular a promoção dos direitos humanos. A fim de atingir esse objetivo, a inserção internacional principista do país é discutida, em paralelo à construção da identidade internacional do país. Em seguida, analisa-se a adesão do Brasil ao regime internacional dos direitos humanos, assim como a inclusão da linguagem dos direitos humanos no discurso diplomático brasileiro. Um histórico das relações entre o Brasil e os países médio-orientais é então conduzido, com especial atenção a sua consonância com o discurso principista oficial. Por fim, a relevância e as ambivalências da política externa brasileira de direitos humanos para o Oriente Médio é estudada, no contexto da forte aproximação do Brasil com omundo árabe, durante os governos de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva e Dilma Rousseff.A esse respeito, é dada especial atenção à imagem que o Brasil tem se esforçado para promover, a de um ator internacional responsável com aspirações à liderança regional e global.
This dissertation aims to analyze the relations between Brazil and the Middle East under the perspective of the traditional principles guiding Brazilian foreign policy, particularly the promotion of human rights. In order to achieve this goal, Brazil s principled foreign policy is discussed, along with the construction of the country s international identity. Next, we analyze Brazil s commitment to the international human rights regime and the inclusion of the language of human rights within Brazilian diplomatic discourse. An overview of Brazil s relations with Middle Eastern Countries is then conducted, with particular attention to its coherence with Brazilian principled discourse. Finally, Brazil s ambivalent foreign policy, when comes to human rights promotion towards the Middle East, is examined in the context of Brazil s dynamic relations with the Arab world during the governments of Luís Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff. In this regard, special consideration is given to the image that Brazil has been struggling to promote, that is, one of a responsible international stakeholder with aspirations to regional and global leadership.
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Manning, Cassandra R. "The Role of Salmon in Middle Snake River Human Economy: The Hetrick Site in Regional Contexts." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/203.
Full textAbstract:
On the Columbia Plateau, the origin of the Winter Village Pattern has long been a focus of research. Intensification of resources such as salmon, roots, and local aquatic resources is often cited as the cause of declining mobility. To address this question in the middle Snake River region, I have re-analyzed fish remains from the Hetrick site (10WN469; Weiser, ID), with occupations spanning the Holocene. Expectations from foraging theory and paleoclimate data are used to address whether salmon and other fish use changed over time and if such changes are correlated with the development of the Winter Village Pattern. The results of my research indicate that there is no correlation between the timing of increased salmonid use at the Hetrick site and paleoclimatic change or the earliest evidence for the Winter Village Pattern. Further, these results are very similar to patterns of fish use seen at other sites on the Snake River, particularly those from the Early and Middle Holocene.
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Smith, Karen Y. O'Brien Michael J. "Middle and late woodland period cultural transmission, residential mobility, and aggregation in the deep South." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6839.
Full textAbstract:
Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 24, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Michael J. O'Brien. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Leonard, Anthony. "Seaside town regeneration and the interconnections between the physical environment, key agencies and middle-life migration." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2014. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/8fea9227-41f9-4905-8aa2-d1b6d67a0457.
Full textAbstract:
Seaside resorts’ fortunes have changed over the past half a century, and as a consequence many of the towns’ physical environments and inhabitants have altered. Many grew in population size through in-migration, particularly as a result of retirement, which took over from the holiday industry as a process that changed the socio-economic and cultural structures of these places. Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex is among those seaside towns that have undergone such changes, fuelled by exogenous forces but also influenced by key agencies actions that have been a catalyst for altering the physical environment which encouraged the in-migration of middle-life people and the retired. This thesis analyses the effect of these changes and the role key agencies have had. In particular, it argues the changing nature of retirement in-migration of ‘middle-lifers’ (aged 50-70), those approaching or entering retirement, has had a profound effect on the town. This thesis disputes conventional retirement migration theories identifying a new form of ‘lifestyle-affirming’ migration.
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Thomas, Kathryn S. "Dietary fiber intake and body fat gain : a prospective cohort study of middle-aged women /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1897.pdf.
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