Journal articles on the topic 'Hulaliu'
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Johannes, Nathalia Yohana, Lisye Salamor, and Eukaristy Stevania Taihuttu. "STRATEGI SEKOLAH DALAM PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI KEMITRAAN DENGAN KELUARGA SENDIRI PADA SD NEGERI 2 HULALIU." PEDAGOGIKA: Jurnal Pedagogika dan Dinamika Pendidikan 9, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/pedagogikavol9issue1page1-10.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian tentang strategi sekolah dalam penguatan pendidikan karakter bagi siswa SD Negeri 2 Hulaliu dengan memaksimalkan peran orang tua. Metode peneltian yang digunakan adalah kualitati deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa penerapan strategi sekolah dalam penguatan pendidikan karakter di SD Negeri 2 Hulaliu, sekolah memberikan ruang bagi orang tua murid agar dapat membangun hubungan yang baik antara guru dan siswa dan siswa dengan temannya.
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Sahureka, Mersy, and Moda Talaohu. "PENGELOLAAN AGROFORESTRY TRADISIONAL ”DUSUNG” BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL “MASOHI” OLEH MASYARAKAT DESA HULALIU-KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH." JURNAL HUTAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jhppk.2018.2.2.138.
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Pengelolaan agroforestry tradisional dusung sebagai salah satu model pemanfaatan lahan dan hutan di Maluku khususnya oleh masyarakat desa Hulaliu memberikan manfaat baik ekonomi, ekologi dan social budaya yang masih tetap dipertahankan hingga kini. Dan salah satu tradisi dan budaya yang masih tetap dilakukan oleh masyarakat dalam pengelolaan agroforestry yakni gotong-royong “masohi yang dilakukan mulai dari: persiapan lahan, penanaman, pemeliharaan, pemanenan, pemasaran dan pengelohan pasca panen yang dirasakan sangat membantu meringankan dan memudahkan pekerjaan. Jenis-jenis kerja masohi diantaranya : 1) Masohi bilang 2) Masohi balas 3) Masohi kumpul. Sedangkan dari segi manajemen pengelolaan dusung di desa Hulaliu memiliki karakter dan ciri tersendiri didasarkan pada manajemen pengelolaan hutan yakni terdiri dari : perencanaan (planning), pengorganisasian (organization), pelaksanaan (actualization) dan pengawasan (controlling). Pengembangan yang dilakukan dalam pengelolaan agroforestry tradisional dusung sebagai upaya peningkatan kapasitas petani dan potensi dusung antara lain ; sosialisasi dan penyuluhan tentang pengelolaan agroforestry,l pengadaan peralatan produksi dan pemasaran hasil dusung, pengkayaan jenis tanaman di dusung dan pendampingan kelompok tani
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Da Costa, Romilda Arivina. "The Practice of Religion & Its Influence on Hatuhaha Language Shift in Central Moluccas." PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education 6, no. 2 (May 11, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/parole.v6i2.1-13.
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By the trade and the spread of Islam, Malay language (BM) was introduced. Hatuhaha language (BHT) and Malay language (BM) were used based on their needs. When Portuguese and The Netherlands ruled there, Hatuhaha communities (HA) forced down from the mountain and occupied the coastal areas. The use of Hatuhaha language (BHT) began to be prohibited; especially in the Hulaliu village which have been Christianized. On the contrary, in the four villages which were not Christianized, Hatuhaha language (BHT) was limited use because they did not always have business with the colonial. Furthermore, religious fragmentation occurs gradually, and impacted sosiologically on the development of Hatuhaha language (BHT). This phenomenon is then examined by quantitative and qualitative approaches that utilize the library study method, observation, survey, and interview. The results showed that in addition to the factors of colonization and Christianization, religious practice in Hatuhaha community (HA) has given more significant impact on Hatuhaha language (BHT) shift. It could be shown through correlation test by using Chi-Square on the level of frequency in using Hatuhaha language (BHT) on the domain of family, religious, and custom.
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Wagimin, Joshua Efrain, Nil E. Maitimu, and Marcy L. Pattiapon. "REDESAIN ALAT PERAJANG DAN PENGGORENGAN KELADI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE VALUE PERFORMANCE." i tabaos 1, no. 1 (October 31, 2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/i-tabaos.2021.1.1.23-30.
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Petani keladi di daerah Negeri Hulaliu, Kecamatan Haruku, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah merupakan salah satu penghasil keladi yang akan didistribusi ke industi rumah tangga yang akan mengolahnya menjadi keripik keladi yang diproduksi pada industri rumah tangga dengan kapasitas maximal 40kg/jam. Untuk mempercepat produksi masyarakat menginginkan agar kapasitas produksi bisa mencapai lebih dari 60 kg/jam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperoleh spesifikasi alat perajang dan penggorengan keladi. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan kuesioner yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini untuk menentukan kebutuhan pengguna dan tingkat kepentingan. Pengolahan data yang dilakukan mencakup uji validitas, uji reliabilitas dan uji normalitas. Hasil penelitian yang dicapai adalah spesifikasi ukuran alat perajang dan penggorengan keladi yang diperoleh yaitu dengan menggunakan motor listrik Merk YC7124, Power 1 HP ( 0,75 KW). Motor listrik berkerja berdasarkan teori sentrifugal dengan putaran 1400 rpm, konsumsi listrik 242 W, 1,1 ampere, tegangan 220V, berat 15000 gram/1,5 kg, frekuensi 50 Hz. Cutting Housing Ø 500 mm, tinggi 600 mm, lebar 80 mm serta memiliki panjang jalur masuk 230 mm. Cutting Edge yang Ø 450 mm dengan tinggi 450 mm, lebar 20 mm juga memiliki 4 pisau potong. Kompor minyak tanah Hock almanium K30 ML ukuran 35,5x 35,3 x34,5, V-Belt yang digunakan tipe A22 merk Bando. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dengan alat ini mempercepat waktu produksi serta menperoleh spesifikasi alat perajang dan penggorengan
Kata kunci : Keladi, Value Performance.
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Dun, A. A. "Hulagu." English 50, no. 198 (September 1, 2001): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/50.198.257.
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Gasimov, Heyirbek S., and Dilaver M. Azimli. "THE ROLE OF ISLAM IN THE POLICY OF THE ILKHANATE KHANS." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 14, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch14314-19.
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The Ilkhanate included large territories in the Near and the Middle East, where a process of mutual influence of many peoples, tribes and cultures took place. When the Hulagu khan Ahmed Tekuder (1282-1284) converted to Islam, the Muslims of Azerbaijan, who constituted the absolute majority of the country's population, welcomed this move. After the assassination of Ahmed Tekuder, Arghun (1284-1291), Gaykhatu (1291-1295) and Baydu (1295) took the Hulagu throne by turn. This period went down in history as a time of violent internal conflict in the House of Hulagu, freedom of action for representatives of all religions, except Islam, persecution of Muslims, religious, financial and economic, administrative experiments of Hulagu khans. In 1295, Ghazan Khan took the Hulagu throne. He radically changed the attitude of official authority towards Islam. Even before his accession to the throne (June 16, 1295), Ghazan-khan converted to Islam and then was called by the Muslim name Mahmud. The conversion to Islam by Ghazan Khan ensured the prevailing position of the Ilkhanate in the system of international relations of the Near and Middle East. For manageable, strong, stable socio-economic and political life of a huge empire, the optimal choice of unifying state ideology was extremely important. Ghazan Khan successfully completed the way started by Ahmed Tekuder. Since the reign of Ghazan Khan (Mahmud), the Ilkhanate began to claim leadership in the Muslim world. The problem of the "legitimacy" of the Ilkhanate also found its solution. The Ilkhanate bordered the largest states of that time: with the state of nomadic Mongols, governed by the descendants of Juchi Khan, the eldest son of Genghis Khan (known in Russian historiography as the Golden Horde); with the state of the Mamluks sultans of Egypt; with the Mongolian nomadic tribes in Central Asia, descendants of Chaghatai - the son of Genghis Khan.
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Háva, Jiří. "A new species of the genus Phradonoma Jacquelin du Val, 1859 from Ethoipia (Coleoptera: Dermestidae: Megatominae)." Natura Somogyiensis 34 (2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2019.34.5.
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Phradonoma hulai sp. nov. from Ethiopia is described, illustrated and compared with the species P. zavattari Háva, 2015 (Ethiopia) belonging to the “Phradonoma nobile species group”. The new species is characteristic by the structure of antennae, male genitalia and colour of the elytral setation.
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Hariyani, Indaria Tri, Norma Diana Fitri, and Sri Ekowati. "Pengembangan Media Tutup Botol Hulahu untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Keaksaraan pada Anak Kelompok B." Jurnal Usia Dini 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jud.v8i1.36260.
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Menurut observasi peneliti menemukan masih rendahnya kemampuan keaksaraan yang dimiliki anak disebabkan oleh penggunaan metode dan media pembelajara yang kurang tepat. Berdasarkan kenyataan tersebut di atas, maka peneliti merasa perlu dilakukan perbaikan dan inovasi bertujuan meningkatkan kinerja pendidik dengan pembelajaran yang berkualitas, sehingga dapat meningkatkan mutu pendidikan Survei awal yang telah peneliti lakukan di kelompok B di TK Citra Taruna Tengger Surabaya, dari 20 anak yang terdiri dari 8 anak laki-laki dan 12 anak perempuan kemampuan Keaksaraan anak masih rendah. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian dan pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&D). Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa antara pretest dan postest mengalami peningkatan yang jelas dan nyata. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkana bahwa kemampuan anak perlu dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebijakan dan program. Dengan ketentuan dapat diketahui bahwa t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel, maka data tersebut di distribusikan normal. Dengan data-data yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini dapat dikatakan data yang normal.
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Holt, P. M. "Memluk Sultanlığında Devlet Yapısı." Belleten 52, no. 202 (April 1, 1988): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.1988.227.
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Memlûk sultanı keyfi karar veren bir otokrattı; ama teknik açıdan ne mutlaktı, ne de tamamen bağımsızdı. Bir müslüman olarak herhangibir tebası kadar İslamın kutsal yasasına tâbi olduğu halde hâkimleri, uygulamada ona karşı kullanabilecekleri müeyyidelerden yoksundular. Sünni hukukçuların tefsirine göre İslam doktrini, İslam toplumunun hükümdarı olarak Allah'tan sonra ancak bir kişiyi tanıyordu, o da halife idi. Bundan dolayı Abbasi hilâfetinin 656/1258 yılında Hulagu tarafından fiziki olarak yok edilmesi, örneği görülmemiş bir durum yarattı. Bu vaziyet 659/1261 yılında Memlûk sultanı az-Zâhir Baybars, iltica eden bir Abbasi emirini Mısır'da kabul edip "al-Mustansır" lakabıyla hilafet makamına oturttuğu zaman şeklen düzelmiş oldu.
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PURCHART, LUBOŠ. "Biodiversity research of darkling beetles on Socotra Island. Part I. The genus Deretus Gahan, 1900 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." Zootaxa 3153, no. 1 (January 6, 2012): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3153.1.4.
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As a result of biodiversity research on Socotra Island, four new species of the genus Deretus Gahan, 1900 are described—D. bezdeki sp. nov., D. hulai sp. nov., D. necopinatus sp. nov. and D. maderai sp. nov. Deretus wraniki Schawaller, 2004 is synonymised with Deretus denticollis Gahan, 1900. All known species are figured, keyed, and information about their biology and distribution is given.
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Skolimowska, Anna. "Ex Saulo Paulus, ex persecutore apostolus? The spiritual conversion of Bishop Dantyszek in the light of new sources." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 312, no. 2 (July 23, 2021): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-139051.
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Jan Dantyszek był dzieckiem swoich czasów – niewątpliwie przez większą część życia hołdował swobodnym renesansowym obyczajom. Jego sława hulaki i rozpustnika, dyplomaty o licznych kontaktach w rozmaitych, także podejrzanych, środowiskach, następnie zaś surowego biskupa katolickiego w Prusach (pozostającego jednak w dobrosąsiedzkich stosunkach z luterańskim księciem Albrechtem) w powiązaniu z użytą nieco niefortunnie na jego określenie przez Stanisława Hozjusza metaforą przemiany Szawła w Pawła, zrodziła fałszywe mniemanie, jakoby Dantyszek przez długi czas sprzyjał reformacji i dopiero pod wpływem Hozjusza (po przyjęciu go do kapituły warmińskiej w roku 1538) uległ nawróceniu, stając się wojującym katolikiem. To błędne przekonanie stale przewija się w literaturze naukowej, znajdując najpełniejszy wyraz we wprawdzie popularnonaukowej, ale za to jedynej opublikowanej dotychczas drukiem polskojęzycznej monografii Dantyszka.
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Alshameri, Aref, Chunjie Yan, Yasir Al-Ani, Ammar Salman Dawood, Abdullateef Ibrahim, Chunyu Zhou, and Hongquan Wang. "An investigation into the adsorption removal of ammonium by salt activated Chinese (Hulaodu) natural zeolite: Kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 45, no. 2 (March 2014): 554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2013.05.008.
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Löbl, Ivan. "A review of Scaphisomatini from Sulawesi, with descriptions of ten new species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae)." Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58, no. 1 (2018): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2018-0013.
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The species of the scaphidiine tribe Scaphisomatini from Sulawesi are reviewed. The following new species are described and illustrated: Baeocera inoptata sp. nov., Scaphisoma ancora sp. nov., S. caricatum sp. nov., S. fl avolineatum sp. nov., S. hulai sp. nov., S. ogawai sp. nov., S. pellax sp. nov., S. sumpichi sp. nov., S. versicoloreum sp. nov., and Scaphobaeocera jirkai sp. nov. New records are given for Scaphisoma obliquemaculatum Motschulsky, 1863 and S. palu Löbl, 1983. Keys to the Sulawesi species of Baeocera Erichson, 1845 and Scaphisoma Leach, 1815 are provided. A checklist of the Scaphidiinae of Sulawesi is appended.
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Salsabila, Rosanti. "Sejarah Dinasti Abbassiyah dan Perkembangan Pendidikan Islam Masa Modern." ALSYS 1, no. 1 (November 5, 2021): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/alsys.v1i1.22.
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This study aims to find out various issues ranging from the history of the establishment of the Abbassid dynasty to the development of modern Islamic education, the Islamic world again reached its peak of glory during the reign of the Abbasid Daula which was centered in Baghdad, five and a half centuries since its establishment in 132 H (750 AD). until the destruction of Baghdad by Hulagu Khan in 1268 AD (656 H). The sovereignty of the Muslims in this era has reached the peak of glory, both wealth, progress, or power. Even in this era, various Islamic sciences have been born and developed and various important sciences have been translated into Arabic. It seems that reforming ideas about the education system always get the attention of every reformer thinker. This is because education is an arena of study that never runs dry, because the main problem being discussed is about humans and all their aspects. In addition, the way to achieve the goal of thinking is done, both through formal and non-formal education.
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Sheir, Ahmed. "A Message of Intimidation and Arrogance from Hulagu Khan to al-Nāṣir of Aleppo in the Muḫtaṣar of Ibn al-ʿIbrī in 656 AH/1258AD." Journal of Medieval and Islamic History 11, no. 11 (December 1, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jmih.2017.155897.
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Andansari, Dita, and Mardhiyah Nadir. "EKSPLORASI PEWARNAAN BEBERAPA JENIS KAIN MENGGUNAKAN PEWARNA ALAMI JOLAWE DAN SECANG DENGAN FIKSASI TAWAS, BAKING SODA DAN JERUK NIPIS." Jurnal Kreatif : Desain Produk Industri dan Arsitektur 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46964/jkdpia.v4i2.70.
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Industri kreatif di Indonesia rata-rata memberikan kontribusi PDB sebesar 6,3 persen dari total PDB Nasional dengan nilai Rp. 104,6 triliun pada tahun 2002-2006. PDB industri kreatif saat ini masih didominasi oleh kelompok fesyen, kerajinan, periklanan dan desain. Menurut Menperin MS Hidayat, dari tujuh sektor industri kreatif yang ada, sektor andalan yang bisa terus tumbuh dan meningkatkan ekspor adalah industri fashion dan kerajinan serta komputer dan piranti lunak. Lebih jauh, ekspor industri fashion dan kerajinan mencapai 13 miliar dolar AS per tahun. Dengan peluang ekspor yang besar, maka kerajinan di bidang fashion di Kalimantan Timur seharusnya lebih dikembangkan. Kerajinan khas di Kalimantan Timur terdiri dari berbagai macam produk, baik batik, tenun, kerajinan kayu dan kerajinan lainnya. Di bidang fashion khususnya busana dan pelengkap busana yang banyak dibuat oleh UKM di Kalimantan Timur diantaranya adalah dari bahan batik dan tenun. Belum ada usaha untuk mengembangkan jenis bahan dan teknik yang lain yang bisa dijadikan sebagai diversifikasi produk kerajinan. Salah satu teknik yang bisa dikembangkan di Kalimantan Timur adalah teknik pewarnaan jumputan atau tie dye. Selain kurangnya diversifikasi dari sudut teknik pewarnaan, penggunaan jenis bahan, penggunaan pewarna alami belum banyak digunakan. Sehingga dilakukan penelitian Eksplorasi Pewarnaan Beberap Jenis Kain Menggunakan Pewarna Alami Jolawe dan Secang dengan Fiksasi Tawas, jeruk nipis dan baking soda. Metode yang dilakukan adalah eksperimen dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil yang didapat adalah pewarnaan pada jenis kain katun prima, hero/eru, mori, katun primis, mori (hulala), titoron, katun Jepang halus (Roberto) dan katun Jepang sedang (Kenter), penggunaan fiksator tawas adalah yang paling menghasilkan penyerapan warna yang baik, untuk pewarna alami secang, penggunaan fiksator jeruk nipis dan baking soda kurang direkomendasikan kecuali memerlukan tampilan merah muda ke arah kecoklatan untuk fiksator jeruk nipis dan merah muda dengan value rendah untuk fiksator baking soda dan penggunaan pewarna alami jolawe, untuk penggunaan fiksator jeruk nipis dan baking soda tidak disarankan.
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Melniichuk, Mykhailo, Victoriia Horbach, Liudmyla Horbach, and Oleksandr Vovk. "Air pollution of the largest cities in the Volyn region: preconditions, consequences and ways of solution of this problem." Visnyk of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, series Geology. Geography. Ecology, no. 56 (June 1, 2022): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2022-56-16.
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Formulation of the problem. Air pollution is one of the biggest modern ecological problem, which aggravates with process of urbanization, industrial development, increasing number of vehicles, etc. So that, the article is devoted to the study the of air pollution in the largest cities of the Volyn region: Lutsk, Kowel, Novovolynsk and Volodymyr-Volynskyi. The purpose of the article is to estimate state and quality of the air in the largest cities of the Volyn region, discover the main sources of air pollution, characterize the effects of pollution on people health and environment, propose measures for solving this problem. Review of previous publications and studies. State of the air pollution in the urban areas of the Volyn region became the subject of scientific interest of many scientists. Hulai L. D., Karaim O. A. and Syniuk, A. Yu. researched ecological state of air basin and structure of sources of air pollution in the Novovolynsk City. Panasiuk M. V. and Hulai L. D. analyzed air quality in the Kovel district and Kovel City. Problems of air pollution were investigated in the studies of Kiptenko Ye. M., Kozlenko T. V. and Molchak Ya. O., Fesiuk V. O., Kartava O. F. Moreover, Poruchynska, I. V. in her publication explored ways of reducing air pollution by vehicle in the Volyn region. Methods. The most common methods in the research were analysis and synthesis, correlations and regressions, generalization and comparison. Moreover, to study the quality of air basin in the largest urban area – Lutsk City, the authors calculated index of air pollution. Results. The study defined that the main source of air pollution in the urban systems are automobiles, which produce into the atmosphere 85-95 % of all emissions. Furthermore, stationary sources such as industrial enterprises and utility companies also pollute air basin of cities with hazardous substances. However, the amount of pollutants from these sources in the Lutsk City and Volodymyr-Volynskyi City slowly decreases. The authors researched that the air basin in Lutsk City is exposed to the greatest anthropogenic loading. According to the calculation of the air pollution index, city’s air basin belongs to the quality class «polluted air». Consequences of air pollution are quite different and have impact on environment and economic complex. Besides, poor air quality can cause different diseases. To solve this problem the authors propose to reconstruct and modernize enterprises’ treatment systems, to increase the number of environmental friendly public transport, to increase the areas with greenery, to introduce green logistics in transportation. The authors concluded that air basin in the most urbanized areas of the Volyn region is quite polluted, which caused by using vehicles and functioning of manufacture. So that, it is suggested measures to reduce the amount of emission from different source of pollution. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The main preconditions and trends of modern changes in air quality of the largest cities in the Volyn region was researched for the first time. Furthermore, the authors identified the main sources of air pollution, which have affected the quality of urban air basins during recent years. In addition, index of air pollution in the Lutsk City was calculated for the period 2015-2020. The article proposes measures to improve air quality and reduce emissions from stationary and mobile sources of pollution.
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Antonov, Igor' Vladimirovich. "Eastern policy of Mengu-Timur (1266-1282)." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 11 (November 2020): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.11.34476.
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The object of this research is the political history of the Ulus of Jochi as a part of the Great Mongol Empire. The subject of this is the Eastern policy of Mengu-Timur – the 6th ruler of the Ulus of Jochi (1266-1282). The author examines such aspects of the topic as the relationship of Mengu-Timur with the rulers of the uluses of Hulagu – Abaga, Chagatay – Borak, Ugedei – Kaidu, decisions made by the representatives of the uluses of Jochi, Chagatay and Ugedei in Talas Kurultai. Special attention is given to the analysis of relationship between Mengu-Timur and the ruler of the Central Ulus of Kublai, who founded the Yuan Empire. Comparative analysis is conducted on the written sources and scientific works on the topic. The sequence of events is reconstructed in chronological order. The author agrees with his predecessors that Mengu-Timur became the first sovereign ruler of the Ulus of Jochi. The scientific novelty consists in the conclusion that entitlement of Mengu-Timur as independent monarch was not a decision of Talas Kurultai. In Talas Kurultai in 1269 Kaidu was recognized as the leader of the right wing of the Mongol Empire, which included the Ulus of Jochi, Chagatay and Ugedei. The relations with the Great Khan in Kurultai were not settled, and the independence of uluses was not proclaimed. In the early 1370s, Mengu-Timur was named qayan, i.e. the supreme ruler above the khan. In 1277, Kublai's sons Numugan and Kukju were caught by the rebels, who sent them to Mengu-Timur. He did not support the rebels, but kept the son of Kublai. Since that moment, Mengu-Timur did was not subordinate to Kublai or Haidu, did not interfere into the conflict between them, restraining both of them from military clashes. Although Mengu-Timur maintained peaceful relations with other uluses, he was qayan title was not recognized.
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Machai, Olena. "Religious factor in establishing the Mongolian authorities in Georgia." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 10, no. 27 (2020): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-27-27-37.
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The article is devoted to the religious relations in the territory of Georgia in the initial stages of the formation of the Mongol Empire and the State of the Hulaguids. Georgia emerged as a powerful state in the Caucasus region at the beginning of the 13th century. However, the expansion of neighboring Khorezm and Islamization around was a major threat in these times. In an effort to protect realm, King of Georgia Georgy XIV Lasha and Queen Rusudan went into alliance with the Catholic Church. However, the Catholics did not aim to save Georgia from Khorezm, so the alliance did not actually existing. The Mongol invasion of Georgia in 1220 was difficult. However, the Mongols have shown tolerance since the beginning of the conquest. The paper analyzes the eyewitness testimonies on efforts to bring peace between Christians and Mongol khans. Such a tolerant religious policy is conditioned by the Mongols' own belief - shamanism, which implies belief in the power of Heaven and fear of punishment for the image of any of the gods. However, there is a rather pragmatic reason for such a toleration: peaceful relations with other religious communities of the empire helped to suppress the resistance of the conquered peoples. For example, the clergymen of all religions were exempt from taxes, and the Mongolian army, as a rule, did not destroy religious buildings during the conquest. Moreover, the khans asked priests of different denominations to pray for them. According to the testimonies of Catholic missionaries in Karakorum, there were a Christians among the Mongol Aristocracy, rather a Nestorian orientation. Therefore, since the beginning of the Mongol conquest of Georgia, Nestorianism has also spread in its territory. During the establishment of the Khulaguid authorities in the Caucasus, Nestorians, who also belonged to the ruling sections of society, took care and custody of Georgian monasteries, assisted clergy and pilgrims. In particular, it was during the rule of the Hulagu that monasteries and churches were established and built in the state, schools and scientific centers were operating, and pathways for pilgrims were laid. In the process of conquering new territories, the Mongols paid great attention to the religious situation in a particular region. In particular, they were able to profitably use military conflicts that were formed on religious grounds. Therefore, in comparison to the possible Islamization of Georgia, the Mongol invasion helped to preserve the Christian religion. The transition of Georgians to Catholic power was also not carried out, which saved the state from possible manipulation by Rome. Although the Mongols were pagans from the beginning of the empire's creation, they were tolerant of Christians both throughout the country and in Georgia in particular. In turn, the Christian Church supported the Mongolian authorities. Georgian clergymen and local mthavars continued to build monasteries and pilgrimage routes; Georgia has been able to preserve Orthodox Christianity as a state religion.
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Zaharijević, Adriana, Kristen Ghodsee, Efi Kanner, Árpád von Klimó, Matthew Stibbe, Tatiana Zhurzhenko, Žarka Svirčev, et al. "Book Reviews." Aspasia 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 188–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/asp.2019.130118.
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Athena Athanasiou, Agonistic Mourning: Political Dissidence and the Women in Black, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017, xii + 348 pp., £19.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-4744-2015-0.Maria Bucur and Mihaela Miroiu, Birth of Democratic Citizenship: Women and Power in Modern Romania, Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 2018, 189 pp., $35.00 (рaperback), ISBN 978-0-25302-564-7.Katherina Dalakoura and Sidiroula Ziogou-Karastergiou, Hē ekpaideusē tôn gynaikôn, gynaikes stēn ekpaideusē: Koinônikoi, ideologikoi, ekpaideutikoi metaschēmatismoi kai gynaikeia paremvasē (18os–20os ai.) (Women’s education, women in education: Social, ideological, educational transformations, and women’s interventions [18th–20th centuries]), Athens: Greek Academic Electronic Manuals/Kallipos Repository, 2015, 346 pp., e-book: http://hdl.handle.net/11419/2585, ISBN: 978-960-603-290-5. Provided free of charge by the Association of Greek Academic Libraries.Melissa Feinberg, Curtain of Lies: The Battle over Truth in Stalinist Eastern Europe, New York: Oxford University Press, 2017, 232 pp., $74.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-19-064461-1.Christa Hämmerle, Oswald Überegger, and Birgitta Bader Zaar, eds., Gender and the First World War, Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, 276 pp., £69.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-349-45379-5.Oksana Kis, Ukrayinky v Hulahu: Vyzhyty znachyt’ peremohty (Ukrainian women in the Gulag: Survival means victory), Lvіv: Institute of Ethnology, 2017, 288 pp., price not listed (paperback), ISBN: 978-966-02-8268-1.Ana Kolarić, Rod, modernost i emancipacij a: Uredničke politike u časopisima “Žena” (1911–1914) i “The Freewoman” (1911–1912) (Gender, modernity, and emancipation: Editorial politics in the journals “Žena” [The woman] [1911–1914] and “The Freewoman” [1911–1912]), Belgrade: Fabrika knjiga, 2017, 253 pp., €14 (paperback), ISBN 978-86-7718-168-0.Agnieszka Kościańska, Zobaczyć łosia: Historia polskiej edukacji seksualnej od pierwszej lekcji do internetu (To see a moose: The history of Polish sex education from the first lesson to the internet), Wołowiec: Czarne, 2017, 424 pp., PLN 44.90 (hardback), ISBN 978-83-8049-545-6.Irina Livezeanu and Árpád von Klimó, eds., The Routledge History of East Central Europe since 1700, New York: Routledge, 2017, 522 pp., GBP 175 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-415-58433-3.Zsófia Lóránd, The Feminist Challenge to the Socialist State in Yugoslavia, Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan 2018, 270 pp., €88.39 (hardback), €71.39 (e-book), ISBN 978-3-319-78222-5.Marina Matešić and Svetlana Slapšak, Rod i Balkan (Gender and the Balkans), Zagreb: Durieux, 2017, 333 pp., KN 168 (hardback), ISBN 978-953-188-425-9.Ana Miškovska Kajevska, Feminist Activism at War: Belgrade and Zagreb Feminists in the 1990s, London: Routledge, 2017, 186 pp., £105.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-138-69768-3.Ivana Pantelić, Uspon i pad “prve drugarice” Jugoslavij e: Jovanka broz i srpska javnost, 1952–2013 (The rise and fall of the “first lady comrade” of Yugoslavia: Jovanka Broz and Serbian public, 1952–2013), Belgrade: Službeni glasnik, 2018, 336 pp., RSD 880 (paperback), ISBN 978-86-519-2251-3.Fatbardha Mulleti Saraçi, Kalvari i grave në burgjet e komunizmit (The cavalry of women in communist prisons), Tirana: Instituti i Studimit të Krimeve dhe Pasojave të Komunizmit; Tiranë: Kristalina-KH, 2017, 594 pp., 12000 AL Lek (paperback), ISBN 978-9928-168-71-9.Žarka Svirčev, Avangardistkinje: Ogledi o srpskoj (ženskoj) avangardnoj književnosti (Women of the avant-garde: Essays on Serbian (female) avant-garde literature), Belgrade, Šabac: Institut za književnost i umetnost, Fondacij a “Stanislava Vinaver,” 2018, 306 pp., RSD 800 (paperback), ISBN 978-86-7095259-1.Şirin Tekeli, Feminizmi düşünmek (Thinking feminism), İstanbul: Bilgi University, 2017, 503 pp., including bibliography, appendices, and index, TRY 30 (paperback), ISBN: 978-605-399-473-2.Zafer Toprak, Türkiye’de yeni hayat: Inkılap ve travma 1908–1928 (New life in Turkey: Revolution and trauma 1908–1928), Istanbul: Doğan Kitap, 2017, 472 pp., TRY 40 (paperback), ISBN 978-605-09-4721-2.Wang Zheng, Finding Women in the State: A Socialist Feminist Revolution in the People’s Republic of China, 1949–1964, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2016, 380 pp., 31.45 USD (paperback), ISBN 978-0-520-29229-1.
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Lesilolo, M. K. "Studi Pemupukan Fosfat Terhadap Viabilitas Dan Vigor Benih Jagung (Zea mays L.) Varietas Hulaliu." Agrologia 1, no. 2 (February 28, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/a.v1i2.287.
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This study aimed to determine the best level of phosphate basic fertilization for seed production of Hulaliu corn varieties with high viability and vigor. This study was conducted in two places, namely in Booi Village, Saparua Subdistrict, Central Maluku District, for experiment with phosphate fertilization treatment, and in the Laboratory of Balai Besar Perbenihan dan Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan Maluku in Passo, Baguala Subdistrict, Ambon, for testing seed viability and vigor. The experimental design used was a single factor Randomized Block Design with five levels of phosphate fertilization, consisting of P1 = 50 kg P2O5 per ha; P2 = 55 kg P2O5 per ha;. P3 = 60 kg P2O5 per ha; P4 = 65 kg P2O5 per ha, P5 = 70 kg P2O5 per ha = 70 kg, and with three replications. The results showed that the optimal levels of phosphate fertilization to enhance seed viability and vigor of Hulaliu local corn varieties were between 55 to 70 kg P2O5 per ha.
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M.F Sahetapy, Jacqueline, and Magdalena Latuihamallo. "The Growth of Abalone (Haliotis squamata) In Net Floating Cage At Hulaliu Waters, Central District of Moluccas." Aquacultura Indonesiana 15, no. 1 (April 2, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.21534/ai.v15i1.28.
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Souhoka, Jemmy. "Struktur Komunitas Karang Jamur (Fungiidae) di Perairan Pulau Haruku, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah." Journal of Biota 1, no. 2 (March 6, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/biota.v1i2.991.
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Karang jamur (Fungiidae) termasuk salah satu suku karang keras (Scleractinian) yang hidup soliter dan bebas tidak melekat pada substrat dasar perairan. Penelitian tentang jenis karang jamur dan struktur komunitasnya belum banyak terungkap, salah satunya di perairan Pulau Haruku, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, Provinsi Maluku. Tujuan penelitian ini mendapatkan data komposisi jenis dan struktur komunitas karang jamur di perairan Pulau Haruku. Penelitian struktur komunitas karang jamur telah dilakukan pada bulan April 2014 di perairan Pulau Haruku yang bertempat di 4 lokasi yaitu Desa Hulaliu (Stasiun 1), Desa Aboru (Stasiun 2), Desa Haruku (Stasiun 3) dan Desa Kailolo (Stasiun 4). Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu transek sabuk dengan luas transek 140m² (2x70m). Hasil analisis ditemukan 12 jenis karang jamur yang mewakili 6 genus. Karang jamur jenis Fungia concinna, Fungia fungites dan Herpolitha limax sangat dominan ditemukan di perairan Pulau Haruku. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman spesies (H) berkisar dari 0,72 – 0,92 dalam kondisi rendah atau tidak stabil. Nilai keseragaman jenis (E) berkisar dari 0,72 – 0,90 yang berarti komunitas labil sampai stabil. Nilai indeks dominansi jenis (D) berkisar dari 0,15 – 0,28 yang berarti dominansi rendah. Kekayaan jenis (d) berkisar dari 4,34 – 6,38. Kepadatan karang jamur untuk tiap stasiun berkisar dari 0,25 (Stasiun 4) – 0,50 individu/m² (Stasiun 1). Perairan pulau Haruku cukup baik bagi pertumbuhan karang jamur.
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Pakuna, Hatim Badu, Momy A. Hunowu, and Muhammad Obie. "Mohiyonga hulalo Tradition in Rural Gorontalo: A Perspective of Social Change." South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics, August 14, 2020, 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2020/v7i330194.
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The Mohiyonga hulalo tradition on the night of Shawwal is a recurring social phenomenon every year in rural Gorontalo. This tradition encapsulates the deep meaning of releasing Ramadan while welcoming Eid. This tradition is slowly changing, as the presence of mass communication technology and transportation that accompany modernization. This study analyzed the meaning behind the Mohiyonga hulalo tradition in rural Gorontalo. Besides, this study also described how aspects of technology like music, loudspeakers, tape, VCD player, and android are part of the liveliness of the Mohiyonga hulalo tradition as well as being the cause of waning community traditions in rural Gorontalo. This study used a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods. Observations were carried out in a participatory manner, deepened by interviews with village elders and young activists of this tradition. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively. The study found that the Mohiyonga hulalo tradition contained psychological meaning and spiritual meaning. Psychologically it is as momentum channeling emotions of sadness and fear of God. Meanwhile, spirituality means a momentum of repentance by acknowledging mistakes. The presence of mass communication and transportation technology has changed the Mohiyonga hulalo tradition held in the mosque to move to the streets, then fade. Changes in this element affect patterns of behavior, especially in social interaction.
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Macai, Olena. "The Cities of Arran and Shirvan in the State of Hulaguids." Epohi 29, no. 1 (June 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.54664/dxkh5950.
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The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of the cities of Northern Azerbaijan during the Ilkhanat. Attention is paid to the period of the conquest of the region and the beginning of the restoration of its economic potential. The paper examines the main directions of development of the cities of Arran and Shirvan, their ethnic composition. The study analyzes the activities of the Ilkhans Hulagu and Gazan, as far-sighted managers, thanks to whose activities old trade and cultural centers began to revive and to be established.
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Jetta, Yasin. "Pemikiran Hukum Islam Ibnu Taimiyah." Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir'ah 8, no. 2 (June 14, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/as.v8i2.19.
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Ibnu Taimiyah adalah Taqiy al-D³n Abu al-Abbâs Ahmad ‘Abd al-Hal³m bin al-Imâm Majd al-D³n Abi al-Barakah ‘Abd al-Salâm bin Muhammad al-Khudari bin ‘Abd. Allah bin Taymiyah al-Harran. Ia lahir pada hari Minggu tanggal 10 Rabi’ al-Awwal 661 H. Bertepatan dengan tanggal 22 Januari 1263 M., lahir tahun sesudah Bagdad jatuh ke tangan Hulagu. Beliau dilahirkan di Harran yang terletak di sebelah utara Mesopotamia dan sebelah Tenggara Turki Modern. Produk pemikiran hukum Islam yang kita kenal dalam perjalanan sejarah Islam, yaitu kitab-kitab fikih, fatwa-fatwa ulama, keputusan-keputusan Pengadilan Agama dan Peraturan perundangan di negeri-negeri Muslim. masing-masing produk pemikiran hukum itu mempunyai ciri khas tersendiri, karena itu memerlukan perhatian tersendiri pula. Nama kitab beliau adalah kitab Majmu’ al-Fatâwa Ibnu Taimiyah yang dikumpulkan atau disusun ‘Abd. Al-Rahmân bin Muhammad bin Qâsim al-²simiy al-Najdiy al-Hanbaliy. Kitab ini terdiri dari 37 jilid yang merupakan kumpulan fatwa dari ber bagai kitab, surat dan pendapat pendapat yang ia hadapi pada masanya.
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Wang, Qinghua, Fan Gao, Xuexue Chen, Wenjiang Wu, Lei Wang, Jiangli Shi, Yun Huang, Yuanyue Shen, Guoliang Wu, and Jiaxuan Guo. "Characterization of key aroma compounds and regulation mechanism of aroma formation in local Binzi (Malus pumila × Malus asiatica) fruit." BMC Plant Biology 22, no. 1 (November 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-022-03896-z.
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Abstract Background Volatile components are important secondary metabolites essential to fruit aroma quality, thus, in the past decades many studies have been extensively performed in clarifying fruit aroma formation. However, aroma components and biosynthesis in the fruit of Binzi (Malus pumila × Malus asiatica), an old local species with attractive aroma remain unknown. Results We investigated two Binzi cultivars, ‘Xiangbinzi’ (here named high-fragrant Binzi, ‘HFBZ’) and ‘Hulabin’ (here named low-fragrant Binzi, ‘LFBZ’) by monitoring the variation of volatiles and their precursors by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometer (GC–MS), as well as their related genes by RNA-seq during post-harvest ripening. We firstly confirmed that ‘HFBZ’ and ‘LFBZ’ fruit showed respiratory climacteric by detecting respiratory rate and ethylene emission during post-harvest; found that esters were the major aroma components in ‘HFBZ’ fruit, and hexyl 2-methylbutyrate was responsible for the ‘fruity’ note and most potent aroma component, followed by ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, (E)-2-hexenal, and 1-hexanol. Regarding aroma synthesis, fatty acid metabolism seemed to be more important than amino acid metabolism for aroma synthesis in ‘HFBZ’ fruit. Based on RNA-seq and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), LOX2a, LOX5a, ADH1, and AAT1 genes are pointed to the LOX pathway, which may play a vital role in the aroma formation of ‘HFBZ’ fruit. Conclusion Our study firstly investigated the aroma components and related genes of Binzi fruit, and provided an insight into the fragrant nature of Malus species.
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Masruri, M. Hadi. "POLITIK ISLAM MONGOLIA: MENCERMATI STRATEGI EKSPANSI TIMUR LENK." El-HARAKAH (TERAKREDITASI), June 19, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/el.v0i0.2016.
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Abstract<br /><br /> This paper discusses Timur Lenk who is ambitious to dominate the world through the founding of the great Mongol Empire as a mission ever launched by the grandchildren of Genghis Khan and Hulagu Khan. Timur Lenk himself continued the tradition of the Mongolian invasion force that is not forcing religion or spiritual practices to a conquered nation; they even build the conquest countries with the principle of regionalism. Even, in the end, the King of Mongolia turned to Islam, including Timur Lenk himself at the end of the 13th century and early 14th century. Then Mongolism Ideology becomes a major platform in conquering the entire countries with the royal and military strength. There are two basic frameworks of the Mongolian nation in its military power expansion, as the one done by Timur Lenk: first, the geneolis theory: the world hegemony to perpetuate the Mongol Empire using military force and running the ancient absolutism politic believing that the greater authority of the ruler could result on achieving peace and security. Second, attack and defend theory: rebuilding a country that has been destroyed with luxurious infrastructures like an extraordinary magnificent palace, developing science, history, Sufism and then try to defend them.<br /><br />Keywords: Mongolia, Timur Lenk, Jenghiz Khan<br /><br />
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EKİCİ, Kansu, and Alican KİRİŞOĞLU. "From Enemy to Kinship: The Ilkhanid-Crusader Alliance Efforts Against The Mamluks in the Holy Land Jerusalem Axis." KARE, June 14, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.38060/kare.1111974.
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Jerusalem has been a centre of attraction since the earliest historical periods of the Middle East, and because it is an important location for three monotheistic religions, the dominant states wanted to dominate this city during the medieval period. The Crusaders, who were hit hard by the loss of Jerusalem during the period of Saladin Eyyubi, organised new expeditions to regain their lost position in the Middle East. Still, these failed if short-term successes were left aside. After the Ayyubid State withdrew from the history stage, the Mamluks dominated most of the lands they conquered and ended the Mongolian military advance, which left the whole world in horror, in the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260. The inadequacy of the armed forces and tactics of the Mongols against this new enemy, despite the military support of the Armenians and Georgians in the region, forced them to seek new allies. The inadequacy of the armed forces and tactics of the Mongols against this new enemy, despite the military support of the Armenians and Georgians in the region, forced them to seek new allies. In this way, the efforts of the Ilkhanate to ally with the Europeans and their extensions in the Middle East, the Crusader States, against the Mamluks began. Starting from the Hulagu period until the collapse of the Ilkhanate, ambassadors were sent to powerful rulers of Europe, such as the kings of England and France, especially the Papacy, to organise a joint expedition against the Mamluks. Similarly, ambassadors came from Europe to Iran. During these contacts, the Ilkhanate offered to take the Christian holy city of Jerusalem and give it to them to get the support of Europe and to organise a new Crusade. Still, the Europeans have always looked at a non-Christian society with suspicion. Despite all the embassy exchanges between Europe and the Mongols, it was not possible to organise a joint operation against the Mamluks due to political turmoil, distance problems and synchronisation difficulties in Europe. This study deals with the Ilkhanid-European relations on the axis of Jerusalem.