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Academic literature on the topic 'Huile de colza – Propriétés électriques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Huile de colza – Propriétés électriques"
Massala, Gaston. "Propagation et propriétés électriques des streamers positifs à grande distance dans l'huile minérale sous très haute tension impulsionnelle." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0112.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the propagation of the "streamers" and their electrical properties in mineral oil at long distances under pulsed voltage (up to 480 kV) under various voltage conditions (from the minimum propagation voltage to the high overvoltages), inter-electrode distance (2. 5 to 35 cm), electrode geometry (plane-to-plane, semi-uniform, planar sphere) of solid insulators. This work makes a contribution on the characterization of the breakdown phenomena and the mechanisms involved in the positive streamers. For voltages below the breakdown voltage, stopping, transition to breakdown and conductivity of the streamers are described. In particular, it has been shown that the streamer is conductive only during a total re-ignition of its main branch. In the presence of overvoltages, the existence of an acceleration voltage correlated with the appearance of the fast streamers is highlighted. Three different propagation modes are identified and characterized: 2nd mode (2 to 4 km / s), 3rd mode (10 to 20 km / s) and 4th mode (> 100 km / s). A correlation between the shape, speed and load of the streamers was highlighted and the voltage drop in the streamer was determined. Calculations of the charge and field on the plane electrode carried out by the Load Simulation Method (CSM), considering different macroscopic models in the presence of a voltage drop, have led to the conclusion that the streamers are comparable to objects conductors of simple shape (cylinder or sphere). A qualitative correlation between the macroscopic field at the end of the streamers calculated by CSM, and the speed was obtained. E there exists a critical field = 400 kV / cm, beyond which the streamers are always fast (> 10 km / s). This work proposes two complementary mechanisms allowing to explain the constancy of the speed of the positive streamers in the mineral oil: the effect of the voltage drop and / or the electrostatic effect due to the branching of the streamers. It has been shown that the overall shape of the streamers determines the field at their end and hence the propagation modes. This has been verified by studying the influence of electrode geometry (shielding effect), insulating solids (positional effect) and the nature of the liquid (additive effect)
Bogaert, Laurine. "Étude et modélisation du pressage continu des graines oléagineuses." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2393/document.
Full textThis work was devoted to better understand the physical phenomena occurring during oilseeds expression in continuous screw presses and to develop a phenomenological model describing the compression behavior of the press cake along the screw. Experiments were conducted on canola seeds, using an instrumented pilot screw press (Reinartz, Germany). Two different screw arrangements were studied and compared in order to observe the influence of the geometry on the operating performances, the constraints development in the barrel and the press cake mechanical properties. Press monitoring provided accurate data about oil and cake flowrates, treatment capacity, extraction yield and specific energy consumption, for screw rotation speeds ranging between 0 and 18.2rpm. Pressure, deoiling and displacement velocity profiles were also determined for both arrangements to characterize the press operation. These data allowed to identify the alternation of compression and transport sections along the screw, possibly supplemented by oil reflux. A simplified representation was proposed, describing continuous pressing as a succession of multiple batch pressing steps. Based on the filtration/consolidation theory, the consolidation coefficient, compressibility modulus and press cake specific resistance were calculated in each compression sections. The press cake mechanical properties were finally used to develop a semi-empirical relation predicting the press oil flowrate and extraction yield. Experimental results fitted the estimated data with satisfactory accuracy
Sitorus, Henry Binsar Hamonangan. "The study of jatropha curcas oil-based biodegradable insulation materials for power transformer." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0022/document.
Full textThis work is aimed at the investigation of the physicochemical characterization of Jatropha Curcas seeds oil and its capacity to be an alternative option to replace mineral oil in power transformers. This product presents several advantages that recommend both its production and usage over those of other vegetable oils as crude palm oil and rapeseeds oil. Indeed, it may be grown on marginal or degraded soils avoiding thus the need to utilize those more fertile soils currently being used by smallholders to grow their staple crops; and it will readily grow in areas where annual rainfall levels are significantly lower than those required by other species such as palm oil, rape-seeds oil, sunflower oil, soybeans oil, corn oil and others. For instance, these plants can grow on all soil types in Indonesia, even on barren soil. The barren soil types can be found in many parts of eastern Indonesia that remain untapped because of the difficulty planted with other crops. Moreover, jatropha curcas oil is nonfood crops. Jatropha Curcas oil was processed by alkali base catalyzed esterification process using potassium hydroxide (KOH) to produce Jatropha Curcas methyl ester oil (JMEO) has a viscosity and a acidity that are acceptable for high voltage equipment especially in power transformer. The physicochemical and electrical properties of JMEO were measured as well as those of mineral oil (MO) for comparison. The physicochemical properties cover relative density, water content, viscosity, acidity, iodine number, corrosivity, flash point, pour point, color, visual examination, and methyl ester content. Meanwhile the electrical properties cover dielectric strength under AC, DC and lightning impulse voltages, pre-breakdown / streamers under lightning impulse voltage, creeping discharge over pressboard immersed in JMEO and MO. The obtained results show that the average DC and lightning impulse breakdown voltages of JMEO and MO are too close, even the average AC breakdown voltage of JMEO are higher than that of mineral oil (napthenic type). The measurement of breakdown voltages of two oil mixtures namely “80% JMEO + 20% MO” and “50% JMEO and 50% MO” shows that the breakdown voltage of the first mixture (i.e., “80%JMEO+20%MO”) is always higher than that of mineral oil under both AC and DC voltages. This indicates that mixing 20:80 mineral oil to JMEO ratio does not degrade its performance. The mixing of oils can occur when replacing mineral oil by JMEO in installed transformers. The analysis of the streamers characteristics (namely; shape, stopping length, associated current and electrical charge) developing in JMEO and MO under lightning impulse voltages, shows that these are too close (similar). It is also shown that the stopping (final) length Lf and the density of branches of creeping discharges propagating over pressboard immersed in Jatropha Curcas methyl ester oil (JMEO) and mineral oil (MO), under positive and negative lightning impulse voltages (1.2/50 μs), using two divergent electrode configurations (electrode point perpendicular and tangential to pressboard), are significantly influenced by the thickness of pressboard. For a given thickness, Lf increases with the voltage and decreases when the thickness increases. Lf is longer when the point is positive than with a negative point. For a given voltage and thickness of pressboard, the values of Lf in mineral oil and JMEO are very close. It appears from this work that JMEO could constitute a potential substitute for mineral oil for electrical insulation and especially in high voltage power transformers
Badard, Mathieu. "Optimisation et contrôle de la transition dynamique de percolation au sein de matériaux nonostructurés : expérience et modélisation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI093.
Full textThe rise of carbon nanotube has open possibility for composites polymers. Mixing this carbonaceous filler with polymer medias leads to an optimization of the electrical properties. Then, conductivity mainly depends of the filler architecture, especially the presence of percolating networks. The objective of this work is to understand the percolation mechanisms of the carbon nanotubes in different media. During this study, filler network has been revealed by the mean of electrical and dielectrical measurements. The originality of our work lies in the use of liquid matrices, such as silicone oils, in order to overcome the stresses in the plastic on the one hand, and to simplify the processing in other hand. This thesis is organized around six chapters. The first bibliographic part discusses the carbon nanotubes properties as well as percolation and dynamic percolation phenomena. The second chapter, matériel & méthode, presents the materials used and the different characterization techniques employed. The third chapter of the thesis talks about dynamic percolation of carbon nanotubes in silicone oil, probed by conductivity measurements. Chapter 4 provides a change of the power law Kirkpatrick to describe the conductivity as a function of time and filler content. The critical exponent of percolation is proving to be an indicator of the dispersion state of nanotubes throughout the matrix. In the Chapter 5, electric field is depicted as a tool to control the organization of fillers. The application of a high field increases the conductivity of several orders of magnitude and decreases the percolation threshold. Percolation thresholds close to 0.005 wt % have been determined. At last, the influence of the intrinsic properties of the matrix, such as viscosity and surface tension, is discussed in Chapter 6. Carbon nanotubes dispersion appears to be favored if the difference of surface tension between filler and liquid is low. In contrast, a filler aggregation is rapidly observed in the case where the difference in surface tension is important. We also observed that the percolation of the nanotubes is favored in viscous media
Tran-Duy, Chau. "Propriétés diélectriques de liquides isolants d'origine végétale pour applications en haute tension." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827638.
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