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Journal articles on the topic 'Hu antibodies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 21 December 2024

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1

Monstad, S. E., L. Drivsholm, A. Storstein, J. H. Aarseth, M. Haugen, B. Lang, A. Vincent, and C. A. Vedeler. "Hu and Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) Antibodies Related to the Prognosis of Small-Cell Lung Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 5 (March 1, 2004): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.01.028.

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Purpose Hu antibodies previously have been associated with longer survival of patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) antibodies play a pathogenic role in Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome, which is also associated with SCLC. These antibodies may reduce tumor growth in patients with the neurologic disease, but it is not clear whether they provide prognostic information in those without neurologic symptoms. Patients and Methods Two hundred patients with SCLC (age 39 to 79 years; mean, 62.3 years; 129 males and 71 females) receiving chemotherapy were studied for the presence of Hu and VGCC antibodies. Sera were examined for Hu antibodies by an in vitro transcription-translation–based immunoprecipitation technique and by immunohistochemistry/dot blot. VGCC (P/Q subtype) antibodies were detected by radioimmunoassay. Survival analysis was used to analyze the data. Results Hu antibodies were detected in 51 of 200 patients (25.5%) by in vitro transcription-translation–based immunoprecipitation and in 37 of 200 patients (18.5%) by immunohistochemistry or dot blot, whereas VGCC antibodies were detected in only 10 of 200 patients (5%). The presence of Hu antibodies did not correlate with VGCC antibodies, and there was no association between Hu or VGCC antibodies and the extent of disease or survival. Conclusion Hu and VGCC antibodies are found in a proportion of SCLC patients, irrespective of neurologic symptoms, but their presence does not correlate with the prognosis of the SCLC.

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2

Verschuuren, J., A. Twijnstra, M. De Baets, F. Thunnissen, J. Dalmau, and P. van Breda Vriesman. "Hu antigens and anti-Hu antibodies in a patient with myxoid chondrosarcoma." Neurology 44, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.44.8.1551.

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3

Manley, Geoffrey T., Peter Sillevis Smitt, Josep Dalmau, and Jerome B. Posner. "Hu antigens: Reactivity with hu antibodies, tumor expression, and major immunogenic sites." Annals of Neurology 38, no. 1 (July 1995): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.410380117.

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4

TOTLAND, C., J. AARSETH, and C. VEDELER. "Hu and Yo antibodies have heterogeneous avidity." Journal of Neuroimmunology 185, no. 1-2 (April 2007): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.01.016.

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5

Greenlee, John E., John D. Steffens, Susan A. Clawson, Kenneth Hill, and Josep Dalmau. "Anti-Hu antibodies in Merkel cell carcinoma." Annals of Neurology 52, no. 1 (June 21, 2002): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.10225.

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6

Farina, Antonio, Macarena Villagrán-García, Nicolás Lundahl Ciano-Petersen, Alberto Vogrig, Sergio Muñiz-Castrillo, Luc Taillandier, Maud Michaud, et al. "Anti-Hu Antibodies in Patients With Neurologic Side Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 10, no. 1 (November 29, 2022): e200058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000200058.

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Background and ObjectivesTo clinically characterize post–immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) Hu antibody (Ab) neurologic disorders, we analyzed Hu-Ab–positive patients with neurologic immune-related adverse events (n-irAEs) and compared them with patients with other n-irAEs, ICI-naive patients with Hu-Ab paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNSs) identified in the same study center, and those with Hu-Ab n-irAEs reported elsewhere.MethodsPatients whose samples were sent to the French reference center for a suspicion of n-irAE (2015–2021) were identified; those with a final diagnosis of n-irAE and Hu-Ab were included. Control groups included patients with a final diagnosis of n-irAE occurring during the same period as the patients included (2018–2021) but without Hu-Ab, and ICI-naive patients with Hu-Ab PNS diagnosed during the same period; a systematic review was performed to identify previous reports.ResultsEleven patients with Hu-Ab and n-irAEs were included (median age, 66 years, range 44–76 years; 73% men). Ten patients had small cell lung cancer, and 1 had lung adenocarcinoma. The median follow-up from onset was 3 months (range 0.5–18 months). Compared with those with other n-irAEs (n = 63), Hu-Ab–positive patients had more frequently co-occurring involvement of both central and peripheral nervous systems (36% vs 8%,p= 0.02) and limbic (54% vs 14%,p< 0.01), brainstem (27% vs 5%,p= 0.02), and dorsal root ganglia (45% vs 5%,p< 0.01) involvement. The proportion of patients with severe disability (modified Rankin Scale score >3) at diagnosis was higher among Hu-Ab n-irAEs (91% vs 52%,p= 0.02). Patients with Hu-Ab had also poorer outcome (100% vs 28%,p< 0.01) and higher mortality (91% vs 46%,p< 0.01). There was no significant difference in terms of clinical features between Hu-Ab n-irAEs and ICI-naive Hu-Ab PNS (n = 92), but there was a poorer outcome (56/78, 71%,p< 0.01) and higher mortality (26%,p< 0.01) among the former. No significant difference was found between the patients reported herein and those in the literature.DiscussionThe presence of Hu-Ab identifies a subgroup of n-irAEs that consistently reproduce the phenotypes of Hu-Ab-related PNS, supporting the hypothesis of ICI triggering or unmasking PNS. As these patients show high disability and mortality, further studies are required to investigate the underlying immunopathogenic mechanisms and to improve the outcome of Hu-Ab n-irAEs.

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7

Ziller, MG, EL Göttke, M. Bambonye, and R. Dalfen. "P.039 New association of anti-Hu positive limbic encephalitis and sensory ganglionopathy with small cell gastric tumour." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, S2 (June 2016): S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.143.

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Background: While anti-Hu antibody associated encephalitis has been well-documented in association with a variety of neoplastic processes, paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis and sensory ganglionopathy with positive anti-Hu antibodies has not previously been linked in the literature with a neuroendocrine gastric tumour of advanced stage. Methods: Case report Results: We present the case of an 86-year old woman who developed behavioural changes, paroxysmal anxiety attacks and poor balance several months after being diagnosed with poorly differentiated gastric small cell tumour in a clinical setting of weight loss and anemia. Anti-Hu antibodies were present. MRI showed signal abnormalities in the right mesial temporal lobe with contrast enhancement. Paroxysmal lateralized EEG changes were recorded and EMG/NCS showed absent sensory nerve responses. Behavioural symptoms stabilized under treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, but sensory ataxia continued to worsen. The patient declined further therapy and deceased two months after transfer to palliative care. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report linking small cell gastric tumour with limbic encephalitis, sensory ganglionopathy-associated ataxia and anti-Hu antibodies. This description further broadens the clinical spectrum of anti-Hu syndrome.

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8

Williams, S. S., T. Umemoto, H. Kida, E. A. Repasky, and R. B. Bankert. "Engraftment of human peripheral blood leukocytes into severe combined immunodeficient mice results in the long term and dynamic production of human xenoreactive antibodies." Journal of Immunology 149, no. 8 (October 15, 1992): 2830–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.149.8.2830.

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Abstract Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice engrafted with human peripheral blood leukocytes (hu-PBL-SCID) represent a potentially important small animal model for the study of human immune function. Attempts to generate human primary immune responses to exogenous Ag in the hu-PBL-SCID have had limited success which raises questions about the functional capacity of human lymphocytes in the SCID environment. Here, we demonstrate that the spontaneously secreted human Ig in hu-PBL-SCID includes antibodies with specificity for several different mouse RBC (mRBC) proteins. These antibodies apparently reflect the transfer of peripheral B cells which are responsible for the production of naturally occurring xenoreactive antibodies in the donor. Western blot analysis showed that engraftment of anti-mRBC specificities was random among mice receiving PBL from the same donor sample. In at least one mouse, this engraftment was polyclonal and included human IgM and IgG which recognized at least 12 different mRBC proteins ranging in size from 35 to > 200 kDa. Anti-mRBC specificities were found to vary with time demonstrating a dynamic expression of the human xenoreactive repertoire in hu-PBL-SCID. In contrast to mice engrafted with human PBL, mice engrafted with another source of human B cells, i.e., tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, produced very little or no human anti-mRBC antibody. Ag-driven proliferation of xenoreactive clones may result in a skewing of the engrafted human B cells in hu-PBL-SCID which could account in part for the limited ability of hu-PBL-SCID to respond to exogenous Ag. The long term production of anti-mRBC antibodies and the modulation of the expressed xenoreactive repertoire observed in hu-PBL-SCID represents an opportunity to study the molecular genetics and cell biology of the human humoral immune response to a defined complex Ag.

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9

Mukherjee, Jean, Kerry Chios, Dianne Fishwild, Deborah Hudson, Susan O'Donnell, Stephen M. Rich, Arthur Donohue-Rolfe, and Saul Tzipori. "Production and Characterization of Protective Human Antibodies against Shiga Toxin 1." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 10 (October 2002): 5896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.10.5896-5899.2002.

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ABSTRACT Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious complication which is predominantly associated in children with infection by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). By using HuMAb-Mouse (Medarex) animals, human monoclonal antibodies (Hu-MAbs) were developed against Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) for passive immunotherapy of HUS. Ten stable hybridomas comprised of fully human heavy- and light-chain immunoglobulin elements and secreting Stx1-specific Hu-MAbs (seven immunoglobulin M(κ) [IgM(κ)] elements [one specific for the A subunit and six specific for the B subunit] and three IgG1(κ) elements specific for subunit B) were isolated. Two IgM(κ) Hu-MAbs (2D9 and 15G9) and three IgG1(κ) Hu-MAbs (5A4, 10F4, and 15G2), all specific for subunit B, demonstrated marked neutralization of Stx1 in vitro and significant prolongation of survival in a murine model of Stx1 toxicosis.

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10

Camdessanché, Jean‐Philippe, Jean‐Christophe Antoine, Jérôme Honnorat, Christophe Vial, Philippe Petiot, Philippe Convers, and Daniel Michel. "Paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy associated with anti‐Hu antibodies." Brain 125, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awf006.

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11

Storstein, A., M. Raspotnig, R. Vitaliani, B. Giometto, F. Graus, W. Grisold, J. Honnorat, and C. A. Vedeler. "Prostate cancer, Hu antibodies and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes." Journal of Neurology 263, no. 5 (March 23, 2016): 1001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-016-8090-7.

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Mehta, Puja R., Naomi A. Sibtain, Fiona Norwood, and Peter A. Brex. "09.12 Hu dunnit? Anti-Hu associated paraneoplastic longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, secondary to small-cell lung cancer." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 12 (November 14, 2019): e7.3-e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn-2.22.

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We describe a 62-year-old smoker, presenting with a 6-week evolving history of progressive weakness of his legs and right hand, with sphincter disturbance. Past medical history included latent tuberculosis aged 25, which was treated. MRI whole-spine revealed longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) spanning C4-T1. CSF examination revealed WCC 43 (93% lymphocytes), protein 844 mg/L, normal paired glucose, unmatched CSF oligoclonal bands, negative viral PCR, AFB, and mycobacterial culture, and cytology in keeping with chronic inflammation. He was treated with intravenous steroids with an oral taper; however, he made no improvement. Aquaporin-4 and anti-MOG antibodies were negative. Anti-Hu antibodies were strongly positive. CT thorax revealed a right hilar mass with mediastinal lymph node enlargement. Whole-body FDG PET-CT was in keeping with a primary lung malignancy. EBUS-guided fine needle aspiration confirmed a histological diagnosis of small-cell lung cancer. Oncology MDT deemed the tumour to be inoperable and he was treated with palliative chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of paraneoplastic LETM, secondary to small-cell lung cancer, associated with positive anti-Hu antibodies. This case highlights that a paraneoplastic work-up should be considered early in LETM, particularly in older patients and those with risk factors for cancer.

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13

Carpentier, A. F., B. Chassande, Z. Amoura, B. Benyahia, J. C. Piette, and J. Y. Delattre. "Systemic lupus erythematosus with anti-Hu antibodies and polyradiculoneuropathy." Neurology 57, no. 3 (August 14, 2001): 558–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.57.3.558.

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14

Ifversen, P. "SCID-hu-PBL: a model for making human antibodies?" Seminars in Immunology 8, no. 4 (August 1996): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/smim.1996.0030.

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15

Woodle, E. S., J. R. Thistlethwaite, L. K. Jolliffe, R. A. Zivin, A. Collins, J. R. Adair, M. Bodmer, D. Athwal, M. L. Alegre, and J. A. Bluestone. "Humanized OKT3 antibodies: successful transfer of immune modulating properties and idiotype expression." Journal of Immunology 148, no. 9 (May 1, 1992): 2756–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.148.9.2756.

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Abstract Antibodies that possess the Ag-binding regions of OKT3 within the context of a human framework (Hu-OKT3 Ab) offer distinct advantages for optimizing anti-CD3 mAb therapy. First, manipulation of Ab genes to produce humanized Ab that retain Ag-binding activity may circumvent antigenicity problems. Second, Ab gene engineering provides a means for modifying functional properties, including T cell activation and immune suppression. The purpose of this study was to determine the functional properties of Hu-OKT3 Ab and to compare the functional properties and idiotypes of Hu-OKT3 Ab to those of murine OKT3. Three Hu-OKT3 IgG4 Ab, a chimeric OKT3 antibody (cOKT3-1) (grafted sequences comprising all OKT3 VH and VL regions) and two complementarity determining region (CDR)-grafted antibodies, gOKT3-5 and gOKT3-6 (grafted sequences comprising only OKT3 VH and VL CDR and some framework amino acids, were analyzed. Initial studies demonstrated that the cOKT3 and gOKT3-5 Ab bound selectively to T cells and competitively inhibited OKT3-FITC binding with avidities similar to that of murine OKT3. Binding avidity of the gOKT3-6 Ab was markedly less than that of the other two Hu-OKT3 Ab. Serologic analysis suggested that cOKT3 and gOKT3-5 Ab possess idiotypes (combining sites) similar to murine OKT3. T cell activation potency of all three Hu-OKT3 Ab was assessed by proliferation, induction of activation marker expression (IL-2R and Leu 23), and lymphokine production (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma). The cOKT3 and gOKT3-5 Ab demonstrated T cell activation potencies similar to murine OKT3 as assessed by each parameter. CD3 coating and modulation by these two Ab was effective but somewhat less potent than that observed with OKT3. Finally, cOKT3 and gOKT3-5 Ab both inhibited CTL activity comparably to murine OKT3. In conclusion, these studies indicate that gOKT3-5 and cOKT3 Ab possess immune modulating properties similar to murine OKT3 and thus offer attractive alternatives to murine OKT3 for in vivo therapy.

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16

Park, Ki-Seok, Jae-Joon Kim, Dong Hun Shin, and Jin-Hong Shin. "Anti-Hu Antibody-Mediated Myelopathy Associated with Gastric Adenocarcinoma." Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 40, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2022.1.9.

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Anti-Hu antibody causes paraneoplastic syndrome of the nervous system. Most of the anti-Hu antibodies are found with small cell lung cancer, but can rarely be found with other cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. We report a 57-year-old male patient with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma who had paresthesia and limb ataxia. Electrophysiologic study and imaging showed peripheral neuropathy accompanied with myelitis. Anti-Hu antibody was detected in the patient’s serum, leading to the diagnosis of paraneoplastic syndrome.

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Ariño, Helena, Raquel Ruiz García, Beatriz Rioseras, Laura Naranjo, Eugenia Martinez-Hernandez, Albert Saiz, Francesc Graus, and Josep Dalmau. "Frequency and Referral Patterns of Neural Antibody Studies During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 10, no. 4 (June 13, 2023): e200129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000200129.

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ObjectiveTo determine whether the frequency of paraneoplastic or autoimmune encephalitis antibodies examined in a referral center changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe number of patients who tested positive for neuronal or glial (neural) antibodies during pre–COVID-19 (2017–2019) and COVID-19 (2020–2021) periods was compared. The techniques used for antibody testing did not change during these periods and included a comprehensive evaluation of cell-surface and intracellular neural antibodies. The chi-square test, Spearman correlation, and Python programming language v3 were used for statistical analysis.ResultsSerum or CSF from 15,390 patients with suspected autoimmune or paraneoplastic encephalitis was examined. The overall positivity rate for antibodies against neural-surface antigens was similar in the prepandemic and pandemic periods (neuronal 3.2% vs 3.5%; glial 6.1 vs 5.2) with a mild single-disease increase in the pandemic period (anti-NMDAR encephalitis). By contrast, the positivity rate for antibodies against intracellular antigens was significantly increased during the pandemic period (2.8% vs 3.9%,p =0.01), particularly Hu and GFAP.DiscussionOur findings do not support that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a substantial increase of known or novel encephalitis mediated by antibodies against neural-surface antigens. The increase in Hu and GFAP antibodies likely reflects the progressive increased recognition of the corresponding disorders.

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Pignolet, Béatrice SL, Christina MT Gebauer, and Roland S. Liblau. "Immunopathogenesis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes associated with anti-Hu antibodies." OncoImmunology 2, no. 12 (December 2013): e27384. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/onci.27384.

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19

Zurawski, Daniel V., and Molly K. McLendon. "Monoclonal Antibodies as an Antibacterial Approach Against Bacterial Pathogens." Antibiotics 9, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9040155.

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In the beginning of the 21st century, the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has reached an apex, where even 4th and 5th generation antibiotics are becoming useless in clinical settings. In turn, patients are suffering from once-curable infections, with increases in morbidity and mortality. The root cause of many of these infections are the ESKAPEE pathogens (Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species, and Escherichia coli), which thrive in the nosocomial environment and are the bacterial species that have seen the largest rise in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes. While traditional small-molecule development still dominates the antibacterial landscape for solutions to AMR, some researchers are now turning to biological approaches as potential game changers. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)—more specifically, human monoclonal antibodies (Hu-mAbs)—have been highly pursued in the anti-cancer, autoimmune, and antiviral fields with many success stories, but antibody development for bacterial infection is still just scratching the surface. The untapped potential for Hu-mAbs to be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic treatment for bacterial infection is exciting, as these biologics do not have the same toxicity hurdles of small molecules, could have less resistance as they often target virulence proteins rather than proteins required for survival, and are narrow spectrum (targeting just one pathogenic species), therefore avoiding the disruption of the microbiome. This mini-review will highlight the current antibacterial mAbs approved for patient use, the success stories for mAb development, and new Hu-mAb products in the antibacterial pipeline.

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Ivashchenko, T. A., Ya O. Romanenko, A. S. Kartseva, M. V. Silkina, M. A. Mar’in, A. E. Khlyntseva, N. A. Zeninskaya, I. G. Shemyakin, and V. V. Firstova. "Monoclonal Antibodies Capable of Inhibiting the Interaction of the Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Virus with the Angiotensin-Converting Receptor 2 of Human Cells." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 3 (October 1, 2024): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2024-3-111-117.

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The aim of the work was to evaluate the ability of monoclonal antibodies to inhibit the interaction of the receptor binding domain (RBD) in S protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus variants, Wuhan-Hu-1 and BQ 1.1, with the angiotensin-converting receptor 2 (ACE2). Materials and methods. In this study, recombinant RBDs of Wuhan-Hu-1 and BQ 1.1 variants were used as antigens. For mouse monoclonal antibody (mMCA) production, hybridomas were cultured in vivo in BALB/c mice. mMCAs were isolated from ascitic fluid by ammonium sulfate treatment followed by purification through column affinity chromatography with Protein G Sepharose sorbent. The specific activity of mMCAs was assessed by immunoblot with recombinant RBD of Wuhan-Hu-1 variant. To identify the most promising mMCA, the neutralizing activity of mMCA was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) via immobilizing RBD on the surface of a microplate and using ACE2 in the form of horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Recombinant antigens were produced in ExpiCHO-S cell line (Gibco, USA). Results and discussion. Three mMCAs have been described as a result of the study: 5C3, 3F11, 1E6. All antibodies belong to immunoglobulins of subclass G and specifically interact with the RBD in S protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The most effective inhibition of the interaction between ACE2 and the RBD of BQ 1.1 strain was observed for murine MCA 3F11 (65 %), while the interaction with the RBD of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain was inhibited by mMCA 5C3 (91 %). The identified characteristics allow for considering the antibodies as potential candidates for the development of antibody-based therapeutics, thus expanding the possibilities of therapy for SARS-CoV-2 virus infection.

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Christiaansen, J. E., S. S. Burnside, and D. W. Sears. "Apparent sensitivity of human K lymphocytes to the spatial orientation and organization of target cell-bound antibodies as measured by the efficiency of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 7 (April 1, 1987): 2236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.7.2236.

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Abstract Although monoclonal antibodies (mAb) can elicit potent ADCC by human K lymphocytes, different mAb, even of the same antibody subclass or even of the same target antigen specificity, vary considerably as to their efficiency in eliciting ADCC. The extensive variability in ADCC efficiencies of murine IgG2a mAb is analyzed here. In cold-target inhibition experiments it was found that only cells coated with "ADCC-efficient" IgG2a mAb, and not "ADCC-inefficient" IgG2a mAb, inhibit K effector cell lysis of radiolabeled target cells by ADCC. This result indicates that the spatial orientation of the antibodies on the target cell membrane influences the net efficiency of ADCC reactions by affecting the efficiency of interaction between antibody and the Fc receptors (FcR) of K cells. It is proposed that a "favorable" orientation of antibodies on the target cell membrane is required for efficient ADCC reactions. This proposal is directly supported by the observation that one IgG2a mAb (20.8.4), which cross-reacts with several different H-2 alloantigens, was found to elicit efficient ADCC only when bound to certain of its possible target cell antigens. It was also observed in these studies that the organization of antibodies on a target cell membrane influences the net efficiency of ADCC reactions. It is proposed that a "favorable" antibody organization on the target cell membrane is also required for efficient ADCC reactions. This proposal is supported by the observation that certain antihuman beta 2m (anti-Hu beta 2m) IgG2a mAb, which elicit efficient ADCC lysis of human target cells, fail to elicit the lysis of murine cells having Hu beta 2m molecules coupled randomly to their external membrane surfaces. The differences in the way the Hu beta 2m was organized on the surfaces of the human cells and the murine-Hu beta 2m cell conjugates presumably caused differences in the way the bound antibodies were organized on the cell surfaces, which in turn resulted in the ADCC efficiency differences observed for the same mAb with the different target cell types. Because ADCC reactions appear to be sensitive to both the orientation and the organization of cell surface-bound antibodies, certain types of structural alterations or variations in the membrane molecules (relative to other neighboring structures on the target cell membrane) are potentially detectable by quantitative differences or variations in ADCC reactions.

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Salmaggi, Andrea, Raffaello Nemni, Annalisa Pozzi, Antonio Silvani, Maria Grazia Forno, Roberto Luksch, Paolo Confalonieri, and Amerigo Boiardi. "Antineuronal Antibody in a Patient with Neuroblastoma and Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia: A Case Report." Tumori Journal 83, no. 3 (May 1997): 709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169708300316.

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Moskovitz, David N., and Kenneth V. Robb. "Small Cell Lung Cancer with Positive Anti-Hu Antibodies Presenting as Gastroparesis." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 16, no. 3 (2002): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/964531.

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Lung cancer is the most common cancer in North America. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents 15% to 25% of lung cancers. SCLC commonly relapses, resulting in a 3% to 8% five-year survival rate. The poor prognosis associated with SCLC is partly due to late diagnosis of the disease. Paraneoplastic syndromes can be early manifestations of SCLC. The potential benefit of early diagnosis has prompted investigations into markers of this disease. Some patients may present with predominantly gastrointestinal dysmotility symptoms that have no obvious explanation. Testing for anti-Hu antibodies, as a valuable marker of SCLC, should be considered in the investigation. A case of SCLC with positive anti-Hu antibodies presenting with intestinal pseudo-obstruction is presented. Gastrointestinal dysmotility as a manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome is reviewed.

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Joseph, Aviva, Jian Hua Zheng, Ken Chen, Monica Dutta, Cindy Chen, Gabriela Stiegler, Renate Kunert, Antonia Follenzi, and Harris Goldstein. "Inhibition of In Vivo HIV Infection in Humanized Mice by Gene Therapy of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells with a Lentiviral Vector Encoding a Broadly Neutralizing Anti-HIV Antibody." Journal of Virology 84, no. 13 (April 21, 2010): 6645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02339-09.

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ABSTRACT Due to the inherent immune evasion properties of the HIV envelope, broadly neutralizing HIV-specific antibodies capable of suppressing HIV infection are rarely produced by infected individuals. We examined the feasibility of utilizing genetic engineering to circumvent the restricted capacity of individuals to endogenously produce broadly neutralizing HIV-specific antibodies. We constructed a single lentiviral vector that encoded the heavy and light chains of 2G12, a broadly neutralizing anti-HIV human antibody, and that efficiently transduced and directed primary human B cells to secrete 2G12. To evaluate the capacity of this approach to provide protection from in vivo HIV infection, we used the humanized NOD/SCID/γc null mouse model, which becomes populated with human B cells, T cells, and macrophages after transplantation with human hematopoietic stem cells (hu-HSC) and develops in vivo infection after inoculation with HIV. The plasma of the irradiated NOD/SCID/γc null mice transplanted with hu-HSC transduced with the 2G12-encoding lentivirus contained 2G12 antibody, likely secreted by progeny human lymphoid and/or myeloid cells. After intraperitoneal inoculation with high-titer HIV-1JR-CSF, mice engrafted with 2G12-transduced hu-HSC displayed marked inhibition of in vivo HIV infection as manifested by a profound 70-fold reduction in plasma HIV RNA levels and an almost 200-fold reduction in HIV-infected human cell numbers in mouse spleens, compared to control hu-HSC-transplanted NOD/SCID/γc null mice inoculated with equivalent high-titer HIV-1JR-CSF. These results support the potential efficacy of this new gene therapy approach of using lentiviral vectors encoding a mixture of broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies for the treatment of HIV infection, particularly infection with multiple-drug-resistant isolates.

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Titulaer, Maarten J., Rinse Klooster, Marko Potman, Lidia Sabater, Francesc Graus, Ingrid M. Hegeman, Peter E. Thijssen, et al. "SOX Antibodies in Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome: Frequency and Relation With Survival." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 26 (September 10, 2009): 4260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.20.6169.

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Purpose SOX1 antibodies are common in small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) with and without paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) and can serve as serological tumor marker. Addition of other antibodies might improve its diagnostic power. We validated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the diagnostic value of serum antibodies in SCLC and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). Clinical outcome with respect to SOX antibodies was evaluated, as the SOX-related antitumor immune response might help to control the tumor growth. Patients and Methods We used recombinant SOX1, SOX2, SOX3, SOX21, HuC, HuD, or HelN1 proteins in an ELISA to titrate serum samples and validated the assay by western blot. We tested 136 consecutive SCLC patients, 86 LEMS patients (43 with SCLC), 14 patients with SCLC and PNS (paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration or Hu syndrome), 62 polyneuropathy patients, and 18 healthy controls. Results Our ELISA was equally reliable as western blot. Forty-three percent of SCLC patients and 67% of SCLC-LEMS patients had antibodies to one of the SOX or Hu proteins. SOX antibodies had a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 95% to discriminate between LEMS with SCLC and nontumor LEMS. No difference in survival was observed between SOX positive and SOX negative SCLC patients. Conclusion SOX antibodies are specific serological markers for SCLC. Our assay is suitable for high throughput screening, detecting 43% of SCLC. SOX antibodies have diagnostic value in discriminating SCLC-LEMS from nontumor LEMS, but have no relation to survival in patients with SCLC.

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Honnorat, J., A. Didelot, E. Karantoni, D. Ville, F. Ducray, L. Lambert, K. Deiva, et al. "Autoimmune limbic encephalopathy and anti-Hu antibodies in children without cancer." Neurology 80, no. 24 (May 8, 2013): 2226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e318296e9c3.

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Gabriel, C. M., N. A. Gregson, and R. A. C. Hughes. "Sensory neuropathy and anti-Hu antibodies in a patient with seminoma." European Journal of Neurology 3, no. 5 (September 1996): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.1996.tb00252.x.

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Benyahia, Baya, Roland Liblau, H�l�ne Merle-B�ral, Jean-Marc Tourani, Josep Dalmau, and Jean-Yves Delattre. "Cell-mediated autoimmunity in paraneoplastic neurological syndromes with anti-Hu antibodies." Annals of Neurology 45, no. 2 (February 1999): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1531-8249(199902)45:2<162::aid-ana5>3.0.co;2-r.

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Volosnikova, Ekaterina A., D. N. Shcherbakov, N. V. Volkova, T. I. Esina, A. V. Zaikovskaya, G. G. Shimina, and E. D. Danilenko. "Study of the adjuvant properties of beta-glucans from <i>Saccharomyces Cerevisiae</i> yeast." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 14, no. 3 (July 28, 2024): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-sot-16685.

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To increase the effectiveness and immunogenicity of modern vaccines, especially subunit ones, it is required to use adjuvants. Polysaccharides, due to their safety and biocompatibility, are desirable candidates for the creation of vaccine adjuvants. The aim of our study was to develop a method for obtaining beta-Glucans from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall, and evaluate their adjuvant properties. The high purity and non-toxicity of the resulting preparation was achieved by using enzyme complexes of cellulase and protease in combination with ultrasound (22 kHz) at the purification stage. The developed scheme allows for the yield of beta-Glucans up to 2 g from 100 g of the biomass of wet cells. The adjuvant properties of beta-Glucans were studied in 50 male BALB/c mice, weighing 16–18 g. Immunization was performed twice, with a 14-day interval, intramuscularly, 200 μl per animal. The recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the surface S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Wuhan-Hu-1 and B.1.617.2 (Delta)) was used as an antigen, at a dose of 50 μg per animal. A positive control group was administered with the antigen combined with aluminum hydroxide. As a negative control, mice injected with the saline solution were used. The titers of specific antibodies in the blood sera were determined by ELISA assays. RBD (Wuhan-Hu-1 and Delta), and S protein (Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta and Omicron) were used as antigens. The titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies were measured in neutralization tests using SARS-CoV-2 virus strains Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529). The results of the study have shown that beta-Glucans have the ability to enhance the production of specific and virus-neutralizing antibodies in mice immunized with RBD. The titers of specific and virus neutralizing antibodies are comparable to their levels in the group immunized with RBD and Al(OH)₃. It has been found in the experiments in white outbred ICR mice that the preparation belongs to practically non-toxic substances. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of beta-Glucans could become a preferable alternative to the conventional adjuvants based on aluminum salts, being biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic substances of low labor-intensive production.

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Zheng, Yongsu, Nian Wei, Jian Wang, Hui Dai, and Zucai Xu. "Anti-Hu-related epilepsy diagnosed after surgical management." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 8 (August 2020): 030006052094791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520947914.

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Autoimmune epilepsy (AE) refers to epilepsy mediated by autoantibodies or immune cells, and a large proportion of drug-resistant epilepsy cases are classified as AE. AE lacks standardized management guidelines. At present, little research has been conducted on the effectiveness of surgical treatment of AE. This paper reports a patient whose surgical treatment was ineffective before AE was diagnosed and who improved after immunotherapy. A literature review was conducted to examine the progress of surgical treatment of epilepsy, the relationship of temporal lobe epilepsy to neuronal antibodies, surgical and prognostic factors, research progress on the anti-Hu antibody, and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis to provide a clinical reference.

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Wang, Michael, Yuankai Shi, Liang Zhang, Xiaohong Han, Jing Yang, Jianfei Qian, Sungyoul Hong, et al. "A SCID-hu In Vivo Mouse Model of Human Primary Mantle Cell Lymphoma." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2337.2337.

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Abstract Introduction: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has a poor outcome and is a therapeutic challenge. Preclinical evaluation of investigational agents for MCL has been limited by lack of suitable animal models that mimic the natural history of human MCL and provide the microenvironment in which MCL cells thrive. Since MCL usually involves the bone marrow, we developed an in vivo mouse model for primary human MCL cells in severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCID-hu), which have been implanted with human fetal bone. Materials and Methods: Human primary MCL cells were obtained and isolated from spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow aspirates, or peripheral blood of six different MCL patients. Purified patient primary MCL cells were directly inoculated into human fetal bone chip or injected into mouse tail vein. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-human CD20 or cyclin D1 antibodies and detection of circulating human beta 2-microglobulin (B2M) in mouse serum were used to monitor the engraftment, growth, and immigration of human primary MCL cells in SCID-hu mice. Results: A total of 30 SCID-hu mice and 5 SCID mice were used. Twenty of SCID-hu mice received inoculation of 0.5 – 5 × 106 of patient primary MCL cells (2–5 SCID-hu mice/patient sample) into human fetal bone chips implanted in mice subcutaneously. Five of SCID-hu mice and 5 of SCID mice (without human fetal hone chips) were injected intravenously with 5 × 106 of patient MCL cells. The same number of cells were injected into human bone chips in 5 SCID-hu mice with equal volume of PBS as controls. Successful primary MCL cell engraftment was observed in 15 out of 20 SCID-hu mice after injection of these cells into human fetal bones. But only one out of 5 SCID-hu mice had successful engraftment after the intravenous injection of primary MCL cells into mouse tail vein. Importantly, none of SCID mice had successful engraftment after intravenous injection of 5 × 106 of primary MCL cells. These data indicated that human fetal bone provides a critical microenvironment for the survival and growth of primary MCL cells. Increasing levels of circulating human B2M in mouse serum were found after successful engraftment and growth of human primary MCL cells in SCID-hu mice. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-human CD20 and cyclin D1 antibodies confirmed that, similar to the human disease, primary MCL cells homed to mouse lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and gastrointestinal tract but not to mouse liver. Treatment of MCL-bearing SCID-hu mice with atiprimod suppressed B2M secreted by functioning human MCL cells and induced tumor regression. Conclusion: Human primary MCL cells from patient were able to successfully engraft in SCID-hu mice, and mimiced the natural organ involvement of human disease homing to mouse lymph node, spleen, bone marrow, and gastrointestinal tract but not to liver. This in vivo model mimiced the natural biological features of human MCL and is therefore useful for preclinical evaluation of new therapeutic agents.

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Gamache, Pierre-Luc, Maude-Marie Gagnon, Martin Savard, and François Émond. "Pulvinar sign in a case of anti-HU paraneoplastic encephalitis." Neuroradiology Journal 29, no. 6 (September 26, 2016): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400916665373.

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This article reports the case of a 68-year-old patient with anti-HU antibodies paraneoplastic encephalitis. The clinical manifestations were atypical and the paraclinical work-up, notably the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing bilateral posterior thalamic hyperintensities (pulvinar sign), misleadingly pointed towards a variant Creutzfeld–Jakob disease. After presenting the case, the differential diagnosis of the pulvinar sign is discussed along with other important diagnostic considerations.

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Gurrieri, Carmela, Andrea Visentin, Cinzia Bussè, Francesco Piazza, Renzo Manara, Livio Trentin, and Chiara Briani. "Limbic Encephalitis with HU-Antibodies in T-cell Anaplastic Lymphoma. A Case Report." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 6548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146548.

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Limbic encephalitis is a rare paraneoplastic neurological syndrome usually associated with small cell lung cancers, testicular and breast cancers or B-cell lymphomas. We herein report the first patients with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with HU antibodies and anaplastic T-cell lymphoma.

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Dispinseri, Stefania, Ilaria Marzinotto, Cristina Brigatti, Maria Franca Pirillo, Monica Tolazzi, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Andrea Canitano, et al. "Seasonal Betacoronavirus Antibodies’ Expansion Post-BNT161b2 Vaccination Associates with Reduced SARS-CoV-2 VoC Neutralization." Journal of Clinical Immunology 42, no. 3 (January 9, 2022): 448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10875-021-01190-5.

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AbstractSARS-CoV-2 vaccination is known to induce antibodies that recognize also variants of concerns (VoCs) of the virus. However, epidemiological and laboratory evidences indicate that these antibodies have a reduced neutralization ability against VoCs. We studied binding and neutralizing antibodies against the Spike protein domains and subunits of the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus and its alpha, beta, delta VoCs and of seasonal betacoronaviruses (HKU1 and OC43) in a cohort of 31 health care workers prospectively followed post-vaccination with BNT162b2-Comirnaty. The study of sequential samples collected up to 64 days post-vaccination showed that serological assays measuring IgG against Wuhan-Hu-1 antigens were a poor proxy for VoC neutralization. In addition, in subjects who had asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 prior to vaccination, the loss of nAbs following disease could be rapid and accompanied by post-vaccination antibody levels similar to those of naïve vaccinees. Interestingly, in health care workers naïve for SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination induced a rapid and transient reactivation of pre-existing seasonal coronaviruses IgG responses that was associated with a subsequent reduced ability to neutralize alpha and beta VoCs.

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Wright, Sukhvir, and Angela Vincent. "Pediatric Autoimmune Epileptic Encephalopathies." Journal of Child Neurology 32, no. 4 (January 6, 2017): 418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073816685505.

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Pediatric autoimmune epileptic encephalopathies are predominantly characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to the surface of neuronal proteins, for example, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibodies, but also include diseases with non–cell surface antibodies (eg, anti-Hu, glutamic-acid decarboxylase antibodies). In some cases with distinct clinical and para-clinical features, an autoimmune epileptic encephalopathy can be diagnosed without the presence of an antibody and will also respond favorably to immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the common presentations of pediatric autoimmune epileptic encephalopathies, treatments, and outcomes, and report recent findings in the field of epilepsy, encephalopathy, and the immune system.

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Drlicek, Marcus, Ursula Unterberger, Voigtländer, and Wolfgang Grisold. "Serum antibodies against recoverin and Hu: two paraneoplastic epiphenomena in lung cancer." Lung Cancer 47, no. 1 (January 2005): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2004.05.019.

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Choe, Christina H., and Roberta E. Gausas. "Blepharospasm and Apraxia of Eyelid Opening Associated with Anti-Hu Paraneoplastic Antibodies." Ophthalmology 119, no. 4 (April 2012): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.10.008.

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Antelmi, E., V. Maria, F. Pizza, E. Postiglione, R. Liguori, and G. Plazzi. "Type 1 narcolepsy in anti-Hu antibodies mediated encephalitis: a case report." Sleep Medicine 40 (December 2017): e16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.038.

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Vitiello, Maria, Elena Antelmi, Fabio Pizza, Emanuela Postiglione, Rosalba Poggi, Rocco Liguori, and Giuseppe Plazzi. "Type 1 narcolepsy in anti-Hu antibodies mediated encephalitis: a case report." Sleep Medicine 52 (December 2018): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2018.02.003.

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Molinuevo, Jose Luis, Francesc Graus, Carmen Serrano, Ramón Reñe, Antonio Guerrero, and Isabel Illa. "Utility of anti-Hu antibodies in the diagnosis of paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy." Annals of Neurology 44, no. 6 (December 1998): 976–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.410440620.

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Moffitt, Julia A., Matthew K. Henry, Kathryn C. Welliver, Amanda J. Jepson, and Emily R. Garnett. "Hindlimb unloading results in increased predisposition to cardiac arrhythmias and alters left ventricular connexin 43 expression." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 304, no. 5 (March 1, 2013): R362—R373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00391.2012.

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Hindlimb unloading (HU) is a well-established animal model of cardiovascular deconditioning. Previous data indicate that HU results in cardiac sympathovagal imbalance. It is well established that cardiac sympathovagal imbalance increases the risk for developing cardiac arrhythmias. The cardiac gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) is predominately expressed in the left ventricle (LV) and ensures efficient cell-to-cell electrical coupling. In the current study we wanted to test the hypothesis that HU would result in increased predisposition to cardiac arrhythmias and alter the expression and/or phosphorylation of LV-Cx43. Electrocardiographic data using implantable telemetry were obtained over a 10- to 14-day HU or casted control (CC) condition and in response to a sympathetic stressor using isoproterenol administration and brief restraint. The arrhythmic burden was calculated using a modified scoring system to quantify spontaneous and provoked arrhythmias. In addition, Western blot analysis was used to measure LV-Cx43 expression in lysates probed with antibodies directed against the total and an unphosphorylated form of Cx43 in CC and HU rats. HU resulted in a significantly greater total arrhythmic burden during the sympathetic stressor with significantly more ventricular arrhythmias occurring. In addition, there was increased expression of total LV-Cx43 observed with no difference in the expression of unphosphorylated LV-Cx43. Specifically, the increased expression of LV-Cx43 was consistent with the phosphorylated form. These data taken together indicate that cardiovascular deconditioning produced through HU results in increased predisposition to cardiac arrhythmias and increased expression of phosphorylated LV-Cx43.

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Esina, T. I., E. A. Volosnikova, D. N. Shcherbakov, N. V. Volkova, A. V. Zaykovskaya, G. G. Shimina, and E. D. Danilenko. "Obtaining from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and assessing their adjuvant properties in a subunit vaccine model." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 9, no. 4 (September 28, 2024): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2024-9.4.24.

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Background. Polysaccharides are known to possess adjuvant properties, they are biodegradable, safe, and are of low-labor production. In this regard, the development of polysaccharide-based adjuvants is an urgent task.The aim. To develop a method for obtaining mannans from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and to study their adjuvant properties using subunit vaccine model.Materials and methods. The preparation of mannans was obtained from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast by enzymatic and alkaline hydrolysis. Its adjuvant properties were assessed in BALB/c mice immunized with the recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 (S) protein (Delta (B.1.617.2)). The titers of specific antibodies in the blood sera were determined by ELISA assays using the recombinant RBD (Wuhan-Hu-1 and Delta), and the recombinant (S) protein (Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta and Omicron) as antigens. The titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies were determined using virus-neutralization tests with the SARS-CoV-2 virus strains Wuhan – hCoV19/Australia/VIC01/2020 (Wuhan-Hu-1), Delta – hCoV-19/Russia/PSK-2804/2021 (Delta (B.1.617.2)), and Omicron 1 – hCoV-19/Russia/Moscow171619-031221/2021 (Omicron (B.1.1.529)).Results. The developed scheme allowed for obtaining up to 200 mg of mannans from 10 g of yeast cell debris. Double, with a two-week interval, immunization with RBD (50 μg) in combination with mannans (40 μg and 10 μg) induced the production of specific antibodies in titers from 1:2477330 to 1:188360. The titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies to the Delta – hCoV-19/Russia/PSK-2804/2021 was 1:485 (40 μg of mannans per mouse).Conclusions. We developed a scheme for obtaining a low-toxic preparation of mannans from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. The highest adjuvant activity was achieved when using mannans at the dose of 40 µg per mouse. Blood sera obtained from the immunized animals neutralized both homologous and heterologous SARS-CoV-2 strains.

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Mutsaerts, Eleonora A. M. L., Marta C. Nunes, Sutika Bhikha, Benit T. Ikulinda, Welekazi Boyce, Lisa Jose, Anthonet Koen, et al. "Immunogenicity and Safety of an Early Measles Vaccination Schedule at 6 and 12 Months of Age in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Unexposed and HIV-Exposed, Uninfected South African Children." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, no. 9 (July 6, 2019): 1529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz348.

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Abstract Background Measles morbidity and mortality rates are greatest in children <12 months old, with increased susceptibility in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–exposed children. We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of an early 2-dose measles vaccine regimen administered at 6 and 12 months of age in South Africa. Methods HIV-unexposed (HU) (n = 212) and HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) (n = 71) children received measles vaccination (CAM-70) at 6 and 12 months of age. Measles immunoglobulin G titers were measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and 1 month after each vaccine dose. Results The majority of children (88.2% HU and 95.8% HEU; P = .04) were seronegative (<150 mIU/mL) to measles at 4.2 months of age. This was particularly evident among infants of mothers born from 1992 onwards (year of public nationwide measles vaccine availability). One month after the first measles vaccine, 42.3% of HU and 46.4% of HEU children were seropositive (≥330 mIU/mL). After the second dose, the proportion seropositive increased to 99.0% in HU and 95.3% in HEU children. Safety profiles were similar between HU and HEU children. Conclusions Early 2-dose measles vaccination at 6 and 12 months of age was safe and induced antibody responses in HU and HEU children, which could partly offset the early loss of maternally derived antibodies in infants born to predominantly measles-vaccinated mothers. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03330171

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Panizo, Nayara, Estela Giménez, Eliseo Albert, Joao Zulaica, Alicia Rodríguez-Moreno, Luciana Rusu, Elena Giménez-Civera, et al. "SARS-CoV-2-Spike Antibody and T-Cell Responses Elicited by a Homologous Third mRNA COVID-19 Dose in Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplant Recipients." Microorganisms 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 2275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112275.

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The effect of a third vaccine dose (3D) of homologous mRNA vaccine on blood levels of SARS-CoV-2-receptor binding domain (RBD)-total antibodies was assessed in 40 hemodialysis patients (HD) and 21 kidney transplant recipients (KTR) at a median of 46 days after 3D. Anti-RBD antibodies were detected in 39/40 HD and 19/21 KTR. Overall, 3D boosted anti-RBD antibody levels (median: 58-fold increase). Neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) against the Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, and Omicron variants were detected in 14, 13, and 11 out of 14 HD patients, and in 5, 5, and 4 out of 8 KTR patients, respectively. The median fold increase in NtAb titers in HD patients was 77, 28, and 5 and 56, 37, and 9 in KTR patients for each respective variant. SARS-CoV-2-S S-IFN-γ-producing CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses were detected in the majority of HD (35 and 36/37, respectively) and all KTR (16/16) patients at 3D. Overall, the administration of 3D boosted T-cell levels in both population groups. In conclusion, a homologous mRNA COVID-19 vaccine 3D exerts a booster effect on anti-RBD antibodies, NtAb binding to Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, and Omicron variants, and SARS-CoV-2-S-IFN-γ-producing T cells in both HD and KTR patients. The magnitude of the effect was more marked in HD than KTR patients.

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Toepfer, Marcell, Mira Schroeder, Jürgen W. Unger, Hanns Lochmüller, Dieter Pongratz, and Wolfgang Müller-Felber. "Neuromyotonia, myocloni, sensory neuropathy and cerebellar symptoms in a patient with antibodies to neuronal nucleoproteins (anti-Hu-antibodies)." Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 101, no. 3 (September 1999): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-8467(99)00037-2.

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Krolewska-Daszczynska, Patrycja, Marta Smycz-Kubanska, Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs, Jacek Kabut, Paweł Olczyk, Joanna Gola, and Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz. "Evaluation of potential prevalence of onconeural antibodies in women with breast cancer." Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski 52, no. 1 (2024): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/merkur202401101.

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Aim: To analyse onconeural antibodies in the blood serum of breast cancer patients without neurological symptoms. Materials and Methods: The study included 48 women with breast cancer. Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes 12 Ag (IgG) Euroline by EUROIMMUN test was used to determine onconeural antibodies: anti-Hu, anti-Yo, anti-Ri, anti-CV2, anti-Ma/anti-Ta, anti-amphiphysin, anti-recoverin, anti-SOX1, anti-tytin, anti-zic4, anti-GAD65 and anti-Tr (DNER). Results: The conducted analysis revealed the presence of onconeural antibodies such as: anti-recoverin, anti-CV2, anti-Zic4, anti-SOX1, anti-MA2/Ta and antititin in blood serum of women with breast cancer. Conclusions: Further analysis may allow the assessment of the possible clinical usefulness of these determinations.

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Richter, Daniel, Tobias Hegelmaier, Christiane Schneider-Gold, Ralf Gold, and Simon Faissner. "Delayed Diagnosis of Anti-Hu Antibodies in a Young Patient With Cerebellar Atrophy." Pediatric Neurology 111 (October 2020): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.06.009.

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Habtany, Y., M. A. Rafaii, F. Z. Mouni, H. El Otmani, B. El Moutawakkil, and I. Slassi. "Fatal paraneoplasic encephalo-myelo-neuropathy associated with anti-Hu antibodies: a case report." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 357 (October 2015): e199-e200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.690.

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Ball, J. A., T. Warner, P. Reid, R. S. Howard, N. A. Gregson, and M. N. Rossor. "Central alveolar hypoventilation associated with paraneoplastic brain-stem encephalitis and anti-Hu antibodies." Journal of Neurology 241, no. 9 (1994): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00873520.

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Monstad, S. E., A. Storstein, J. H. Aarseth, L. Drivsholm, B. Lang, A. Vincent, and C. A. Vedeler. "Hu and VGCC Antibodies Related to the Prognosis of Small Cell Lung Cancer." Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 107, no. 6 (May 20, 2003): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.00125_14.x.

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