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1
Frödelius, Johanna, and Anna Nilsson. "HRT ur ett medarbetarperspektiv : Påverkan på relation och resiliens." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17497.
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Bakgrund och problem Många HR-funktioner har idag genomfört en Human Resource Transformation (HRT) genom att anta ett strategiskt, affärsinriktat och externt fokuserat arbetssätt i linje med verksamhetens mål, för att skapa ett större bidrag till organisatorisk framgång och överlevnad. Detta fenomen har främst studerats ur ett ledningsperspektiv, och medarbetarnas perspektiv har inom forskningen delvis försummats. Då medarbetare ofta beskrivs som organisationers viktigaste resurser, skulle deras perspektiv kunna bidra till att skapa ökad förståelse för HRT och dess relation till organisationers långsiktiga överlevnadsförmåga, en förmåga som ofta beskrivs som organisatorisk resiliens. Syfte och metod Studiens syfte är att skapa större förståelse för relationen mellan medarbetare och HRT, och hur detta kan förstås i relation till resiliens, genom att belysa fenomenet HRT ur ett medarbetarperspektiv. Då studien syftar till att skapa en ökad förståelse, har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod använts där det empiriska materialet hämtats genom nio semistrukturerade intervjuer. Respondenterna är från tre lokalt förankrade organisationer med olika branschtillhörighet. Resultat och slutsats Studiens empiriska material visar på att majoriteten av de intervjuade saknar ordentlig insikt i HR-funktionen och dess uppgifter. De flesta hade ingen relation till HR alls, och uttryckte ett lågt förtroende för funktionen. Det förekom en allmän önskan om ökad närvaro från HR för att skapa möjligheter till relationsbyggande, och för att HR skulle få större insyn i det operativa arbetet. För att besvara studiens problemformulering utgår analys och slutsats från dels ett systemteoretiskt perspektiv, dels ett relationellt perspektiv som skapats av studiens författare. Utifrån ett systemteoretiskt medarbetarperspektiv, är relationen mellan medarbetare och HR av begränsad betydelse och dess påverkan på resiliens är inte möjlig att göra uttalanden om. Utifrån ett relationellt medarbetarperspektiv är relationen av betydelse i egenskap av en av de resurser som påverkar organisationens medarbetarskap, som i sin tur kan ses som en av de sociala resurser som kan påverka resiliens. Därmed finns även större möjligheter att analysera och dra slutsatser om relationen mellan HRT och resiliens.<br>Background and problem Today, many HR functions have implemented an HRT by taking a strategic, businessoriented and externally focused approach in line with the business objectives, in order to create a greater contribution to organizational success and survival. This phenomenon has mainly been studied from a management perspective, and the employees' perspective has been partially neglected in research. As employees often are described as the most important resources of organizations, the employee perspective could contribute to creating an increased understanding of HRT and its relation to organizations' long-term survival ability, an ability that is often described as organizational resilience. Purpose and method The purpose of the study is to create a greater understanding of the relationship between employees and HRT, and how this can be understood in relation to resilience, by highlighting the phenomenon of HRT from an employee perspective. Since the study aims to create an increased understanding, a qualitative research method has been used in which the empirical material was obtained through nine semi-structured interviews. The respondents are from three locally based organizations with different industry affiliations. Results and conclusion The empirical material of the study shows that most of the interviewees lack proper insight into the HR function and its tasks. Most had no relation to HR at all and expressed a low confidence in the function. There was a general desire for increased presence from HR to create opportunities for building relationships, and to give HR greater insight into the operational work. To answer the problem formulation of the current study, both analysis and conclusion are based on a system-theoretical perspective as well as a relational perspective created by the authors of the current study. From a systemtheoretical perspective, the relationship between employees and HR is of limited importance and its impact on resilience is not possible to make statements about. From a relational employee perspective, the relationship is important as one of the resources that influences the organization’s followership, which in turn can be seen as one of the social resources that can affect resilience. Therefore, there are also greater opportunities to analyze and draw conclusions about the relationship between HRT and resilience.
2
Hillard, Timothy Charles. "The prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis : effects of oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295875.
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Shirley, A. B. "Women's health : with a focus on HRT and osteoporosis." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395214.
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Parsons, Bonita Grace. "Impacts of temperature and hydraulic retention tie on odours produced from authothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2734.
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Five different combinations of Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT) and temperatures were
used in a two stage (feed and test reactor) Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion
System to assess the impact of these parameters on the production of odorous gases. The
gases monitored were hydrogen sulphide, dimethyl sulphide, methyl mercaptan,
ammonia, and amines. Other liquid parameters were also monitored in order to better
understand the impacts of temperature and HRT. These parameters are total solids
content, volatile solids content, volatile solids destruction, specific oxygen uptake rate,
alkalinity, ammonia concentration, and pH. In order to assess the character of the sludge
and understand the digestion process the carbohydrate, fat, and protein content were also
measured in the inputs and in the test reactor.
It was found that all of the odorous compounds measured were affected by stage
of digestion and temperature more than by HRT. Of the five compounds monitored, none
were affected by changes in the HRT of the test reactor. However, the concentrations
measured in the feed and test reactors were often a degree of magnitude apart. The
reduced sulphur compounds (hydrogen sulphide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl
sulphide) were found in higher concentrations in the feed reactor than in the test reactor;
whereas ammonia and amines were found in much higher concentrations in the test
reactor than in the feed reactor. Also, ammonia concentrations were significantly higher
in both reactors when the temperature was higher; and amine concentration was higher in
the test reactor when the temperature was higher. One set of tests for volatile fatty acid
concentration was also undertaken.
While breakdown of the carbohydrates and fats occurred throughout the process,
proteins were broken down into their amino acids, releasing reduced sulphur compounds
in the feed reactor and then deaminated, releasing ammonia and amines in the test
reactor.
5
DaBose, Michael W. "A Layered software architecture for Hard Real Time (HRT) embedded systems." Monterey, California.: Naval Postgraduate School, 2002, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9786.
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The current state of the art techniques to describe and implement a hard real time embedded software architecture for missile systems range from inadequate to totally non-existent. Most of the existing software implementations Within such systems consist of hand coded functionality, optimized for speed, with little or no thought to long term Maintainability, and extensibility. Utilizing current state of the art software development technology, the first ever Software architecture for hard real time missile software has been designed and successfully demonstrated. This Component based layered abstraction pattern approach to software architecture revolutionizes reduced Development time, cost, provides an order of magnitude decrease in error, and is the first such software Architecture to function within the hard time constraints of the most extreme cases related to missile systems. Additionally, componentization of functionality allows for porting of software developed for one missile to any Other missile with no modification. Hardware obsolescence is overcome by software abstraction layers which Isolate the hardware instance from the software functionality providing a rapid, low cost transition of software From one instance of missile hardware to another. The end result of this research is a software architecture Demonstrating the capability of managing complex functionality in an accurate, quantifiable, and cost effective Manner.
6
Talbi, Oussama. "Synthesis of Homo A-CD Estrogens for Potential Use in Hormone Replacement Therapy." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32082.
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Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been subject to much debate due to concerns that long term use of such treatment of menopause increases the risk of breast and uterine cancer. This is thought to be caused by estradiol (1) binding to the estrogen receptor α (ERα) resulting in increased cell proliferation. Another possible mechanism relates to toxicity of the estrodiol metabolites, which are thought to be genotoxic ortho-quinones. In a previous project, a series of A-CD estrogens (2) were synthesised as non-carcinogenic estradiol agonists where the cis CD ring junction was thought to be the cause of the desirable selectivity for ERβ. In this thesis, homo A-CDs were synthesised (3) with expansion of the D ring thought to increase the selecitivty for ERβ. Relative Binding Affinities (RBA) were determined with selectivity to ERα and ERβ. Most ligands showed decreased selectivity when compared to the original A-CD series. However, compounds carrying the CF3 moiety continued to show very high potency. In addition, novel synthetic routes were employed in the preparation of certain compounds.
7
Soleimani, Karizmeh Mohsen. "Investigation of Biologically-produced Solids in Moving Bed Bioreactor (MBBR) Treatment Systems." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23494.
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Lower production rate of solids in attached growth moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) systems as compared to conventional activated sludge (AS) systems makes them an attractive choice for municipal wastewater treatment (Ødergaard et al. 1994). However, the production of biologically-produced solids in MBBR systems is currently not well defined and requires additional investigation.
Three identical MBBR reactors were operated under the same dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, influent pH and volume of Anoxkalnes media in two different experimental phases. In the first phase, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) kept constant in three reactors and SALR increased and in the second phase, the SALR was the constant parameter while HRT increased. These two phases were implemented to investigate the effect of variations in HRT and SALR on biologically-produced solids in MBBR reactors. This study demonstrated that HRT and SALR play an important role in settling characteristics of the biologically-produced solids in MBBR systems.
8
Stephen, Ruth Lavender. "The role of retinoic acid in the growth regulation of human breast cancer cells." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389654.
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Holohan, So-Jin Park. "New indices for the assessment of skeletal metabolism using plasma clearance of bone seeking tracers." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322866.
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Bulut, Hueseyin Eray. "A morphological study of human endometrial stroma in vivo and in vitro." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10255/.
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Despite its crucial role in fertility, relatively little has been published on the human endometrial stroma. The first experiment reported in this thesis was designed to provide quantitative baseline data on the human stroma during the mid to late luteal phase, when it plays a major part in normal pregnancy. Subsequent chapters investigate the effects of an antioestrogen (clomiphene citrate-CC); growth hormone (GH) supplementation of patients on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) due to lack of endogenous ovarian steroids; and patients with unexplained recurrent miscarriage. Finally a novel 3-dimensional in vitro model of human stroma is described along with the effects of steroid supplementation on stromal cells grown in the model. In all cases of in vivo studies, conventional stereological methods were used to obtain quantitative morphological data from at least 6 subjects per group, from both control (fertile) and experimental (infertile) subjects using light and electron microscopy. In addition, several staining techniques were also used to demonstrate qualitative changes that occur in human endometrial stroma. During the mid to late luteal phase, endometrial stroma and blood vessels underwent substantial changes, and thus quantitative and qualitative baseline data have been established to fill a gap in this important area of reproductive biology. CC caused no substantial changes in stromal structure in women of proven fertility and therefore its advantageous effects on ovulation are not negated at the level of the endometrium. GH supplementation had no effects on infertile human endometrial stroma from subjects on HRT, (in either premature ovarian failure or Turner's syndrome groups). However, both infertile groups had endometrial stroma which significantly differed from matched fertile endometrium, suggesting an impaired endometrial development in infertile subjects which was not reversed by HRT, either with or without Gil treatment. Stromal morphology did not differ between the recurrent miscarriage groups, however data suggested the existence of several subgroups which made firm conclusions difficult. The tissue culture model provided preliminary data suggesting it to be a potentially very useful technique for the study of stromal cell biology.
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Konstantinos, Marias. "Registration and quantitative comparison of temporal mammograms (with application to HRT data)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271678.
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Duncan, Ann Carolyn. "Hormone replacement therapy and vascular protection : the influence of oestrogen on the endothelium." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482821.
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Banks, Emily. "Hormone replacement therapy : the epidemiology of use and effect on breast cancer screening in the UK." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312139.
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Priddin, Darren George. "Method integration for real-time system design and verification." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323689.
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Williamson, Tanika. "Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Modulates Peripheral and Central Auditory System Processing With Aging." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6604.
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After the findings were reported for the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study in the past decade, there has been a significant decline in the overall use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among women. However, there are still millions of middle-aged, menopausal women in the U.S. who are currently undergoing hormone therapy. Their reasons for continuing treatment include relief of severe menopausal symptoms, aid in the management of osteoporosis and reduction in the risk of colon cancer (Ness et al., 2005). The purpose of the following investigation was to evaluate the impact of HRT on the central and peripheral auditory systems both during and after treatment. Over the course of the study, hormone treatments were administered to female aging CBA/CaJ mice to observe what effects estrogen (E) and progestin (P) have on the peripheral and central auditory systems. Female CBA/CaJ middle age mice were ovariectomized and placed into 4 HRT groups (E, P, E+P and Placebo [Pb]). Hormone treatment lasted 6 months followed by a recovery/washout period of 1 month. During this time, electrophysiology tests such as auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and ABR gap in noise (GIN) were used to measure neural activity for the auditory nerve and brainstem. Distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) testing was also implemented to assess the functional status of the outer hair cells (OHC) and their ability to amplify sound in the cochlea. After 6 months of treatment, animals treated with E exhibited the least amount of changes in ABR thresholds and ABR GIN amplitudes than any other subject groups. Interestingly, P animals exhibited an abrupt increase in ABR thresholds only 3 months after treatment; however, for ABR GIN amplitude levels a progressive reduction observed throughout the study. E+P and Pb animals showed signs of accelerated age-related hearing loss (ARHL) with significantly elevated ABR thresholds and dwindling ABR GIN amplitude levels. No significant signs of recovery were observed for any of the hormone groups. Therefore, in the present murine investigation, the effects of HRT were long lasting.
To further expand on the results obtained for the electrophysiology tests, molecular biology experiments were performed to evaluate the expression of IGF-1R and FoxO3 in the cochlea during hormone therapy, from both in vitro and in vivo perspectives. Both genes play significant roles in the PI3K/AKT pathway and were specifically chosen because of their role in anti-apoptotic responses and cell survival. It was hypothesized that E attenuates the effects of ARHL via the PI3K/AKT pathway by up-regulating IGF-1R and FoxO3 to counteract the effects of oxidative stress in the aging mammalian cochlea. qPCR experiments were performed with stria vascularis (SV) lateral wall cells extracted from the cochlea of each animal in the hormone groups post-treatment (in vivo) and in SVK-1 cells treated with HRT over various lengths of time (in vitro) to evaluate the expression levels of IGF-1R and FoxO3. In-vivo experiments showed that the E-treated animals had significantly higher IG-1R levels compared to the other subject groups after treatment was discontinued. Similarly, IGF-1R levels steadily increased for E-treated SVK-1 cells over the course of hormone therapy, compared to P and E+P cells. FoxO3 expression, on the other hand, declined for all of the hormone-treated cells groups, relative to control SVK-1 cells (in vitro), and no statistical differences were detected for FoxO3 levels among the post-treatment animals (in vivo). These findings indicate that there is cross talk between E and IGF-1R involving the PI3K/AKT pathway, which contributes to the delayed onset of ARHL observed during HRT with E. Meanwhile, FoxO3 may not play a role in neuro-protective properties in the cochlea during HRT, as initially hypothesized.
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ANDREIS, FEDERICO. "The role of HRT exposure in breast cancer etiology: a causal inference approach." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19340.
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Cancer etiology is a topic of great interest in medical research. Assessing
and quantifying causal links between an exposure (e.g. a treatment) and an outcome
of interest (such as cancer prognosis or survival) is often not a trivial task. Methods have been proposed to deal with the problem ofbias in estimation of causal effects. A method is presented here, applied to the field of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer, which allows to obtain an
(at least locally causal) estimate of a continuous exposure effect on an outcome of
interest within the framework of Principal Stratification, under a case-control study
design.
17
Brooks, Alan Arnold. "Investigation of endometrial response to hormone therapy in oocyte recipients." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362369.
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Matyi, Joshua M. "Lifetime Estrogen Exposure and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: Implications for Cognitive Decline in Late Life." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7064.
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The Cache County Study on Memory in Aging (CCSMA) is a longitudinal population-based study which took place in Cache County, Utah. The study followed 5092 older-adult residents (aged 65+) for approximately 12 years to examine risk and protective factors for dementia. Participants completed dementia screening and follow-up assessments across four triennial visits. Additionally, researchers gathered information regarding demographics, reproductive history (e.g. age of menopause; hormone replacement therapy [HRT]) and other health-related factors, such as physical activity. Genotyping of DNA was completed for a genetic variation of genes for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein found in the brain associated with neuronal health and survival.
Estrogen has been associated with cognitive health and has been shown to interact with BDNF in the brain to promote neuronal survival. The current research investigated the associations between estrogen, BDNF, and cognitive decline in older adult women from the CCSMA. An examination of how reproductive history, including the reproductive window (age of menarche to menopause) and use of HRT, affects the cognitive health of women in older adulthood can provide a clearer understanding of how estrogen exposure across the lifespan contributes to cognition in late life. This research can be helpful in determining the implications of events such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, surgical menopause and use of HRT on cognitive decline. Additionally, an investigation of how these reproductive factors interact with BDNF genetics is important to understand gene-by-environment interactions.
The results of the current project demonstrated that increased lifelong estrogen exposure, both in the form of the reproductive window and HRT use, had small cognitive benefits for women in late life. Additionally, it was shown that women who initiated HRT use closer to menopause had increased cognitive status compared to those who initiated later. The specific BDNF gene under investigation was not associated with cognitive status in late life, neither was the interaction between BDNF and lifetime estrogen exposure. This research contributes to the discussion of sex-dependent factors of cognitive health and can help provide a better understanding late life cognitive decline.
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Sinchugova, Nataliya. "Vilken betydelse har val av progestagen-typ respektive behandlingsregim för bröstcancerrisk vid hormonersättningsterapi (HRT)?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43495.
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Hormonersättningsterapi (HRT) används för att lindra vasomotoriska och urogenitala symtom associerade med klimakteriet. Eftersom behandling med enbart östrogen förknippats med endometriell hyperplasi och livmodercancer, tillsätts progestagener till östrogen-beredningar i HRT hos kvinnor med intakt livmoder för att motverka den proliferativa effekten av östrogen och förebygga cancerutveckling i livmodern. Sådan kombinerad HRT har emellertid associerats med ökad risk för bröstcancer. Vid kombinerad HRT används olika typer av progestagener och olika behandlingsregimer (kontinuerlig eller sekventiell tillförsel). Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka vad som ökar risken för bröstcancer vid kombinerad HRT: valet av progestagen-typ eller vilken behandlingsregim (kontinuerlig/sekventiell) som används. Metoden som användes var en litteraturstudie som omfattade sju studier om HRT och bröstcancerrisk, vilka hämtades från databasen PubMed. Utifrån undersökta studier kan man dra slutsats att ökad risk för bröstcancer associeras med kombinerad östrogen-progestagen HRT jämfört med HRT med enbart östrogen och framför allt om man jämför kontinuerlig kombinerad HRT med sekventiell kombinerad HRT med ett dos-responsförhållande som bakomliggande grund. Progestagen-typ kan ha effekt på risken för bröstcancer men detta behöver undersökas ytterligare.
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Ballard, Karen Dawn. "Women on the verge of HRT : factors influencing women's decisions about taking hormone replacement therapy." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396150.
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Dong, Yu. "Application of integrated constructed wetlands for contaminant treatment and diffusion." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7750.
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The sediment accumulation is an important characteristic in the ageing process of integrated constructed wetlands (ICW). Retained nutrient and other contaminants in wetland sediments have the potential to be remobilized and released to the overlying water column when environmental conditions change. In this study, mesocosms which filled with saturated sediments and planted with Phragmites australis and Agrostis stolonifera were set up to examine nutrient and other contaminants retention and/or release by wetland sediment and substrates. The effects of physico-chemical parameters on sediment-water contaminant exchange were also investigated through the application of multiple regression models, principal component analysis (PCA), redundancy analysis (RDA), and self-organizing map (SOM) model. The results demonstrated an average net release of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonianitrogen (NH3-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and molybdate reactive phosphorus (MRP) to the overlying water column, indicating that the ICW sediment and substrates acted as new contaminant sources. According to statistical analysis, electrical conductivity (EC) and redox potential (RP) values affected COD treatment efficiency. Chloride (Cl) concentration and RP value had an impact on NH3-N treatment performance. NO3-N removal was influenced by dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and RP value. MRP treatment efficiency was related to DO concentration and EC value. The SOM model was selected as prediction tool to provide numerical estimations for the performance of ICW mesocosms. The model was validated, indicating that NH3-N, NO3-N, MRP, and COD treatment efficiencies could be predicted by input variables which are quick and cost-effective to measure. The SOM model can be seen as an appropriate method for monitoring the performance of mature ICWs. The type of vegetation played a minor role in releasing nutrients and other contaminants. However, the mesocosm planted with Phragmites australis outperformed the one planted with Agrostis stolonifera. No water reached bottom outlet of the mesocosm suggesting that there was little potential risk to contaminate groundwater. The clay liner and the biogeochemical processes taking place within sediments proved to be effective in preventing surface water from infiltration. Although no reduction in the overall performance has been observed for the full-scale ICW sites 7 and/or 11, this laboratory-scale study provided valuable warning signs regarding the loss of contaminant sequestration which may contribute to decline in wetland treatment performance over time. The impacts of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) and seasonal temperature fluctuations on contaminant removal efficiencies of a new ICW system receiving domestic wastewater were also assessed. The system showed good overall treatment performance in terms of effluent quality and removal efficiency. The influence of ICW removal efficiencies of the hydraulic loading rate, which was based on overall water balance, was negligible due to large footprint and multi-cellular configuration of the studied system. Relatively low temperature in autumns and winters resulted in decreased biological activities and lower contaminant removal efficiency. The long-term trends in nutrient removal have been investigated to five Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust constructed wetland systems. The results showed less effective removal even release of NO3-N, total oxidised nitrogen (TON), orthophosphate- phosphorus (PO4-P) and total phosphorus (TP) in many of the systems as a result of wetland aging and lack of sediment management.
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Östlind, Per. "Flockning och förtjockning i High-Rate-förtjockare – en jämförelse med konventionell förtjockarteknik och lamellsedimentering." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Berg- och mineralteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2231.
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In the process laboratory of Metso minerals (Sala) AB, continuous tests have been made with a laboratory unit High-Rate thickener. The tests are made in order to compare three methods of thickening techniques of suspended solids. The three techniques are High-Rate thickening, conventional thickening and lamella thickening. The High-Rate and the conventional trials are based on a continuous method, while the lamella thickener is based on batch trials. Because the lamella thickener is based on batch trials and there were some optimization problems with the adding point of the flocculant at the continuous trials, it was not feasible to compare the lamella thickener with the other two thickener types. On the other hand, since the optimization problems were the same for the other two methods there was no problem comparing them. The result of the comparison between the High-Rate thickener and the conventional thickener, was, that the High-Rate thickener manages to work at a higher rise rate with a lower consumption of flocculant than the conventional thickener. Seeing to the unit area that is needed by each thickener it is apparent that the conventional thickener demands a higher unit area than the High-Rate thickener to achieve the same amount of solids in the underflow. It has also been showed that the High-Rate thickener demands a lesser quantity of flocculant at the same amount of suspended solids in the feed than the conventional thickener.
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Jackson, Barbara Ann, and n/a. "A study of baby boomer women and their expectations of menopause." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060801.142823.
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This is a study of a generation of women who are about to enter the
climacteric period of their life, the menopause. Born between the years
1946 and 1956 they have been the object of continuous scrutiny by various
interest groups. Because they are seen to be unique, many acronyms and
titles, the most noted being the 'Baby Boomers' have been attached to
them. The women of this generation have been classed as a Very active'
generation, leaving a clear mark on society and the re-emerging women's
movement. As they near menopause they are approaching a stage that
could be seen as their last reproductive transition. For many women
there is no cultural ritual, nor a single story to guide them through this
period They are however not without advice. The 'big voices' of the
drug companies, the medical system and the media, all tender their
guidance as the dominant voice. These women have been told what to
do by experts throughout their whole lives. It seems 'expert advice' on
their reproductive phases have been penned mostly by men in the
interests of treating, controlling and saving them. Control of their body
remains a key struggle, both physically and linguistically.
The purpose of the research was to study the expectations of this
post-war, Baby Boom generation of menopause. The study shows that
some women have made decisions to embrace non-medical help and
accept menopause as an inevitable transition, while others are willing to
consider medical help to enhance their 'quality of life '. Believing it is
time to look after themselves, it seems many women will take a
pragmatic view and accept medical opinion that the menopause is a
deficiency disease, even if this requires them to become part of the
consumer driven/drug company push for a 'symptom free' menopause.
They wish to remain untroubled and express a willingness to do
whatever they need to fulfil this. Their fervent hope is that the
menopause will not upset their career, family or 'life'. Consequently a
large majority of these women will think about or actively pursue
hormone replacement therapy.
24
Mahabaduge, Hasitha Padmika. "Influence of a Front Buffer Layer on the Performance of Flexible CdS/CdTe Solar Cells." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1384445244.
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Castelberg, Christoph Andrea. "Evaluation of two novel perimetric techniques for the detection of open angle glaucoma : an in-depth analysis." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55008/.
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Bardel, Annika. "Women's Health and Drug Utilization." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8225.
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<p><b>Objectives</b>. To study medication utilization and adherence to prescribed therapy in a female population in central Sweden. To study usage of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in this population and to assess how HRT users compare to non-users regarding symptom reporting, general health and other variables. To evaluate symptom prevalence adjusted for potential symptom affecting variables. </p><p><b>Material and methods</b>. A cross-sectional postal questionnaire study was performed in 1995 in seven counties in central Sweden. A questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 4,200 women aged 35-64, of whom 2,991 responded (71.2%). The questionnaire contained questions on psycho-socio-economic background, quality of life, self-reported health, height and weight, climacteric symptom prevalence, and menopausal status and symptoms. It also comprised questions on medication prescribed during the past year. </p><p><b>Results</b>. 40% used prescribed medication and 12% took four drugs or more. Age, educational level, self-rated health, and BMI remained significantly correlated to drug use in multivariate analysis. Adherence ranged from 15%-98% depending on age, a scheduled check-up, perceived importance of medication, concern about medication, taking cardiovascular and respiratory disease drugs. The highest adherence was found for hormonal medication the lowest for musculoskeletal medication. </p><p>HRT was used by 15% of the women. 13 % used other symptom relieving therapy. HRT users reported higher score of vasomotor symptoms, except for sweating during the daytime. </p><p>Prevalence of general symptoms did not necessarily increase with age. Especially symptoms related to stress-tension-depression decreased with age. Four different symptom prevalence patterns were found. </p><p><b>Conclusions</b>. Age, health status, educational level and body mass index (BMI) appear to affect drug use. Adherence to therapy is highest among elderly women who regard their medication as important and have a scheduled check-up. HRT relieves some vasomotor symptoms but does not affect other symptoms or self-rated health. Prevalence of symptoms related to Stress-tension-depression appears to decrease with age.</p>
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Björn, Inger. "Hormone replacement therapy and effects on mood." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-94115.
Full textAbstract:
Background: During the past 5 decades, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used, and appreciated for its beneficial effects, by millions of women in their menopause. As treatment for climacteric symptoms, estrogen is outstanding, and effects on hot flushes, vaginal dryness, and insomnia have been widely documented. The increased risks of venous thrombosis and breast cancer, however, restrict the use of estrogen. Estrogen treatment in women with a remaining uterus includes a progestin, added to protect the endometrium from hyperplasia and malignancies. The long-standing clinical impression, that progestin addition negatively influences mood, has been discussed in previous studies. Mood deterioration is, however, not mortal, although mood is important to the wellbeing and daily functioning of women treated with hormones. Studies of the mental side effects of HRT add to our understanding of steroid effects in the brain. Aims and methods: In our studies, we aimed to establish to what extent negative side effects cause women to discontinue HRT, and find out which drug compounds lead to mood deterioration. The questions asked were whether the type and dose of progestin and the estrogen dose during the progestin addition influence the mood and physical symptoms during sequential HRT. Compliance with HRT and reasons for discontinuing the therapy were evaluated in a retrospective longitudinal follow-up study. Treatment effects were studied in three randomized, double-blind, cross-over trials. During continuous estrogen treatment, effects of sequential addition of a progestin were studied by comparing two different progestins, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) andnorethisterone acetate (NETA), comparing different doses of the same progestin, MPA, and comparing two doses of estrogen during addition of the same dose of MPA. The main outcome measure was the daily rating on mood and physical symptoms kept by the participants throughout the studies. The clinical trials were carried out at three gynecological centers in northern Sweden. Results and conclusions: Besides fear of cancer and a wish to determine whether climacteric symptoms had meanwhile disappeared, negative side effects was the most common reason or discontinuing HRT. Tension in the breasts, weight gain, a depressed mood, abdominal bloating, and irritability were the most important side effects seen both in women who continued HRT and in women who had discontinued the therapy. In our clinical trials, we showed that addition of a progestin to estrogen treatment induces cyclic mood swings characterized by tension, irritability, and depression, as well as increased breast tension, bloatedness, and hot flushes. Women with a history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) appeared to be more sensitive to the progestin addition and responded with lower mood scores compared with women without previous PMS. In our studies, MPA provoked depressed mood to a lesser extent than did NETA. Surprisingly, the higher dose of MPA (20 mg) enhanced the mood, compared with 10 mg, when added to estrogen treatment. In women continuously treated with 3 mg estradiol, mood and physical symptoms worsened during the progestin addition, as compared with treatment with 2 mg estradiol. The negative side effects seen during sequential HRT have much in common with symptoms seen in the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is a psychoneuroendocrine disorder with psychiatric expression. Explanations for treatment effects on mood are likely to be found in drug interactions with neurotransmitter systems of the brain.<br><p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2003</p><br>digitalisering@umu
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Maharaj, Indira J. "Acid-phase anaerobic digestion of primary sludge, the role of hydraulic retension time (HRT), temperature and starch-rich industrial wastewater." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0011/MQ41740.pdf.
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Banerjee, Amit Kumar. "The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and temperature on the acid-phase anaerobic digestion of primary sludge and industrial wastewater." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23212.pdf.
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Okada, Dagoberto Yukio. "Degradação de surfactante aniônico em reator UASB com água residuária de lavanderia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-30082012-111908/.
Full textAbstract:
Alquilbenzeno linear sulfonado (LAS) é um surfactante presente em água residuária de lavanderia. Em virtude da complexidade de sua degradação, o presente estudo envolveu a análise de alguns fatores, destacando-se: diversidade de co-substratos; tempo de detenção hidráulico (TDH); e concentração de co-substratos. Avaliou-se a degradação de LAS com diferentes co-substratos (metanol, etanol e extrato de levedura) em reator UASB, em TDH de 24 h e 14±2 mg/L de LAS. A influência de TDH e concentração de co-substratos foram analisadas em sete reatores UASB, com 12±3 mg/L de LAS; TDH de 6, 35 e 80 h, e diferentes concentrações de co-substratos (etanol, metanol e extrato de levedura), expressada pela carga orgânica específica (COE), entre 0,03 e 0,18 gDQO/gSTV.d. Ao final, avaliou-se a degradação de LAS em água residuária de lavanderia diluída, nessa mesma configuração de reator com TDH de 35 h e 10±5 mg/L de LAS. Em todos os ensaios foi utilizado inóculo granulado proveniente de reator UASB empregado no tratamento de água residuária de abatedouro de aves, mantendo-se intacta a forma granulada. No ensaio variando co-substratos, observou-se maior remoção de LAS (50%) na presença de co-substrato complexo (extrato de levedura) que na presença de metanol e etanol (29-41%). Diferença pouco significativa entre as comunidades do domínio Archaea e Bacteria (cerca de 60 e 40%, respectivamente) foi observada na presença de diferentes co-substratos, mediante análise de hibridação fluorescente in situ (fluorescent in situ hybridization FISH). Verificou-se maior influência da concentração de co-substratos na degradação de LAS, seguida pelo TDH. Aplicando a menor COE (0,03 gDQO/gSTV.d), obteve-se alta degradação de LAS (76%), enquanto nos reatores variando TDH foram observadas eficiências de 18% (6 h), 37-53% (35 h) e 55% (80 h). Nos reatores variando TDH e concentração de co-substratos, observou-se significativa remoção de LAS no separador de fases (20-53%; na manta de lodo observou-se 13-43%), relacionada à baixa concentração de co-substratos e condição anaeróbia facultativa nessa região. Por meio da técnica de PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) nas amostras do ensaio variando TDH e concentração de co-substratos, verificou-se maior coeficiente de similaridade na manta de lodo (Archaea: 70-90%; Bacteria: 69-83%), devido à estrutura de grânulo do inóculo utilizado. Verificou-se alta degradação de LAS (82%) no reator com água de lavanderia, atribuída à diversidade de co-substratos (12 ácidos orgânicos voláteis detectados) e à concentração baixa desses co-substratos (COE: 0,03 gDQO/gSTV.d). Mediante análise de pirosequenciamento da região do RNAr 16S de amostras do ensaio com água residuária de lavanderia foram encontrados 147 gêneros, dos quais 32 foram relacionados com a degradação de LAS (gêneros capazes de degradar compostos aromáticos, dessulfonação, e -oxidação). Observou-se significativa abundância relativa (>1%) dos seguintes gêneros relacionados com a degradação de LAS: Comamonas, Dechloromonas, Desulfovibrio, Gemmatimonas, Holophoga, Parvibaculum, Pseudomonas, Rhodanobacter, Sporomusa, Synergistes e Zoogloea. No separador de fases do reator com água de lavanderia, a alta remoção de LAS (90%) e a abundância relativa dos gêneros aeróbios (23%) e anaeróbios (6%) relacionados com a degradação de LAS corroboraram a relação entre remoção de LAS e condição anaeróbia facultativa<br>Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is a surfactant present in laundry wastewater. Due to the complexity of its degradation, the present study involved the analysis of some features, highlighting: co-substrates diversity; hydraulic retention time (HRT); and co-substrates concentration. The LAS degradation with different co-substrates (methanol, ethanol and yeast extract) was evaluated in UASB reactor, at HRT of 24 h and LAS 14±2 mg/L. The influence of HRT and concentration of co-substrates was analyzed in seven UASB reactors, with LAS 12±3 mg/L; the HRT was 6, 35 and 80 h, and different concentration of co-substrates (methanol, ethanol and yeast extract), as specific organic load rate (SOLR) between 0.03 and 0.18 gCOD/gTVS.d. At the end, the LAS degradation was performed in UASB reactor fed with diluted laundry wastewater, at HRT of 35 h and LAS 10±5 mg/L. In all assays was used a granular inoculum from a UASB reactor employed in treatment of wastewater from poultry slaughterhouse, maintaining the granular form. In the assay varying the co-substrates, it was observed greater LAS removal (50%) in the presence of complex co-substrate (yeast extract) than in the presence of methanol and ethanol (removal: 29-41%). Insignificant difference between the communities from Archaea and Bacteria domain (about 60 and 40%, respectively) was observed in the presence of different co-substrates, according to the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. It was verified greater influence of cosubstrates concentration than the HRT in the LAS degradation. At the lowest SOLR (0.03 gCOD/gTVS.d), high LAS degradation (76%) was obtained while in the reactors varying the HRT were observed efficiencies of 18% (6 h), 37-53% (35 h) and 55% (80 h). In the reactors varying the HRT and concentration of co-substrates, a significant LAS removal rate (20-53%; in the sludge blanket the rate was 13-43%) was observed in the phase separator, related to the low concentration of co-substrates and the anaerobic facultative condition in this region. By the PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) technique of samples from the assay varying the HRT and concentration of co-substrates, it was verified great similarity coefficient in the sludge blanket (Archaea: 70-90%; Bacteria: 69- 83%) due to the granule structure of the inoculum used. High LAS degradation (82%) was verified in the reactor with laundry wastewater, which was attributed to the diversity of cosubstrates (12 organic volatile acids detected) and the low concentration of co-substrates (SOLR: 0.03 gCOD/gTVS.d). By pyrosequencing analysis of 16S RNAr genes in the samples from assay with laundry wastewater, it was found 147 genus, which 32 were related to the LAS degradation (genus able to degrade aromatic compounds, desulfonation, and - oxidation). A significant relative abundance (>1%) was observed in the following genus related to the degradation of LAS: Comamonas, Dechloromonas, Desulfovibrio, Gemmatimonas, Holophoga, Parvibaculum, Pseudomonas, Rhodanobacter, Sporomusa, Synergistes and Zoogloea. In the phases separator of the reactor with laundry wastewater, the high LAS removal (90%) and the relative abundance of genus aerobic (23%) and anaerobic (6%) related to the degradation of LAS corroborated the relation between LAS removal and the anaerobic facultative condition
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Gurunathan, Melanie Ann. "Do Canines Experience the Effects of Heart Rate Turbulence?" DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/132.
Full textAbstract:
Background
The canine cardiac system has been the model against which many Class III cardiac devices are validated. Thus, it is expected that the canine heart has very similar electrical model to that found in humans. In 1999, the absence of Heart Rate Turbulence (HRT) after a single Pre-Ventricular Contraction (PVC) was linked to high-risk patient after acute myocardial infarction. Studies of HRT were performed on high-risk patients with Holter-Monitors as were most subsequent HRT studies. If HRT could potentially be used as a risk factor of heart disease, it is interesting to study whether HRT is present following a PVC in otherwise healthy canines.
Methods
For multiple months, five non-medicated, healthy canines were chronically monitored from between 1 and 8 sessions each. At each session, the canines were ventricularly paced to induce PVCs. Electrical signals, as seen through both a right-ventricular lead and Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, were captured and analyzed to determine whether the canines displayed HRT following each induced PVC. As a contrasting data set, for the majority of the canines, data was also collected once the canines were sedated.
Results HRT was noted in all non-medicated and healthy canines. Of the two factors of HRT (slope and onset), TS was the most prominent indicator of HRT. In each canine, the slope was far greater than the 2.5 ms per RR interval threshold varying from 9.8 to 68.8 ms per RR interval. The onset was marked as HRT (onset less than 0%) in 22 of the 26 session. Additional data was analyzed for healthy yet medicated canines showed that sedation affected HRT, but that HRT was generally noted.
Conclusion
The canine model displayed a similar HRT characteristic as humans during normal and parasympathetic inhibited states. The presence of HRT in canines is most reliable when using TS. Further study in this area with naturally occurring PVCs would be of interest.
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Möllerström, Jill. "Human Resources Business Partner : Diskrepansen mellan rollens krav och den organisatoriska verkligheten." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-49983.
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Van, Wyk de Vries Anel. "South African consumers' opinion of the potential health benefits of soy and soy products as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) / Anel Van Wyk de Vries." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/338.
Full textAbstract:
There is an increasing awareness in the food industry about the role that
proper nutrition plays in maintaining health and preventing disease. Women
especially have always been interested in nutrition and its impact on their
well-being. This awareness has placed more pressure on the food industry to
provide a greater variety of nutritious and wholesome products which has led
to the development of a new field in the food industry, called functional foods.
These are food products that apart from the micro- and macronutrients that it
already provides have additional important physiologically active functions
that enhance health. These active components, called phytochemicals (from
plant sources) and zoochemicals (from animal sources) have changed the role
of diet in health. Functional foods can, by nature or design, bridge the
traditional gap between food and medicine and thereby provide consumers
with the opportunity to become involved in their own health care. One of these
functional foods that have been receiving increased attention and research is
soy. Apart from other health benefits of soy, such as cholesterol reduction and
bone strengthening, scientific evidence has shown that soy can be used as an
alternative for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The increased interest in
the latter can be ascribed to the changed attitude of women, as well as
evidence of the side effects of conventional hormone replacement therapies.
Consumer research in the nutraceutical area is, however, still in its infancy
stage.
Objective:
The main objective of this study was thus to assess South African consumers'
opinion of the potential health benefits of soy and soy products as an
alternative for HRT. To attain this main objective, the following specific
objectives were stated:
To determine, by means of a consumer questionnaire, the percentage of
South African consumers who are aware of soy.
To determine, by means of an attitude scale, the attitudinal disposition
of South African consumers towards the potential health benefits of
soy and soy products as an alternative for HRT.
To determine South African consumers' opinions regarding the
menopausal related health benefits of soy.
To determine whether there is a relation between respondents who
Eat/drink soy and their opinion of the potential health benefits of soy.
To determine whether there is a relation between respondents who
never use soy and their opinion of the bone strengthening benefit of
soy.
To determine whether there is a relation between respondents' opinion
of the health benefits of soy and their opinions of soy as an alternative
for HRT and reliever of menopausal symptoms, respectively.
Methods:
In this study, consumers' opinion regarding the health benefits of soy was
evaluated using a questionnaire. Respondents were randomly selected from
nine metropolitan, as well as rural areas in South Africa, representing the four
main race groups, namely whites, blacks, coloureds and Indians. The total
sample size of the metropolitan and rural subjects was 3001. A sub-dataset
was created which included female respondents that have heard of soy before
and were premenopausal (35-44 years) and post-menopausal (50-59 years) of
age. Thus, the total number of respondents used for further statistical analyses
was 825. The respondents expressed their opinions of the health benefits of
soy on a five-point hedonic (Likert) scale which was adapted to a three-point
scale for easier interpretation of the tables.
Results:
1. Of the 3 001 respondents, 2 437 (80%) were aware of soy.
2. A mean attitudinal disposition score of 2.47 on a three-point scale
indicated a neutral to positive attitudinal disposition of the South
African consumer population towards the potential health benefits of
soy and soy products as alternative for HRT. No practically significant
differences were found between the mean values of each statement,
which indicated that no specifically strong opinions were expressed
between different races or between different age groups.
3. Of all the consumers surveyed and those who did express a specific
opinion, 72% agreed that soy has many health benefits compared to
only 7% who disagreed. Although 34% of South Africans expressed a
positive opinion when asked if soy can be used as alternative for HRT,
the majority (46%) of the population had a neutral opinion. Forty-two
percent of the consumers who held an opinion regarding soy as reliever
of menopausal symptoms were positive, 35% had a neutral opinion and
23% of South Africans did not agree that soy can relieve menopausal
symptoms.
4. A relation, although not of practical significance, was found between
respondents who eat/drink soy and their opinion of the health benefits
of soy. Of the respondents who indicated that they eat/drink soy, the
majority agreed that soy has many health benefits. The respondents
who disagreed when asked if they eat/drink soy, still expressed an
overall positive opinion when asked whether soy has many health
benefits.
5. A relation, although not of practical significance, was found between
respondents who never use soy and their opinion of the bone
strengthening benefit of soy. Of those who indicated that they use soy,
the majority agreed that soy has a bone strengthening benefit. On the
contrary, only 43% of those who agreed that they never use soy were
positive about the bone strengthening benefit of soy, whereas 37% held
a neutral opinion and 20% expressed a negative opinion.
6. The relation between respondents' opinion of the overall health
benefits of soy and their opinion of soy as alternative for HRT and
reliever of menopausal symptoms was of practical significance. Of the
respondents who did not agree that soy has many health benefits, the
majority expressed a negative opinion of soy as an alternative for HRT.
Of those who agreed that soy has many health benefits, 45% expressed
a neutral opinion and 44% a positive opinion of soy as alternative for
HRT. Almost half (47%) of the respondents who agreed that soy does
have many health benefits, expressed a neutral opinion when asked if
soy can relieve menopausal symptoms, whereas only 30% had a
positive opinion in this regard. The majority (86%) of the respondents
who disagreed that soy has many health benefits, also expressed a
negative opinion of soy as reliever for menopausal symptoms
Conclusion:
The results of this study indicate that 80% of the South African consumer
population are aware of soy and that South African consumers have a neutral
to positive attitudinal disposition towards the potential health benefits of soy.
Respondents did not express a particularly strong opinion regarding several
health benefits of soy. It may be hypothesized that they are not informed well
enough on the health benefits of soy as to take a stand and to form a definite
opinion. Neither different race groups, nor pre- or post-menopausal women
differ significantly in the frequency of their opinions, indicating that in this
study, race and age did not have a practical significant influence on opinion of
the health benefits of soy.
Of all those surveyed and who did express a specific opinion, 72% agreed that
soy has many health benefits, which is almost the same percentage (74%) as
American consumers who perceive soy products as healthy as according to the
United Soybean Board (USB) National Report (2003-2004:4). A survey by
Adams (2001:433) reported that 71% of American consumers believed that
plant-derived HRT have fewer risks and can thus be used as a safe alterative
for conventional HRT. According to the results of the present study only 34%
of South African consumers expressed a positive opinion when asked if soy
can be used as an alternative for HRT. Insufficient evidence on the safety and
efficacy of the potential health benefits of soy, as well as a lack of consumer
education in South Africa, could be the reason for this uncertainty among
XIV
South African consumers. While only 26% of American consumers are aware
that soy might relieve menopausal symptoms (USB National Report, 2003-
2004:4), results of the current study found that 42% of South Africans were of
opinion that soy can relieve menopausal symptoms.
A relation, although not of practical significance, was found between
respondents who eat/drink soy and their opinion of the health benefits of soy.
This can be an indication that whether or not the South African consumer
population consume soy doesn't have an influence on their opinion of soy's
health benefits in practice. The relation found between respondents who never
use soy and their opinion of the bone strengthening benefit of soy were not of
practical significance. This can be an indication that whether or not South
Africans use soy does not influence their opinion of the bone strengthening
benefit of soy in practice. Furthermore, a practically significant relation was
found between respondents' opinion of the overall health benefits of soy and
their opinion of soy as alternative for HRT and reliever of menopausal
symptoms, respectively. Interestingly, respondents who expressed a positive
opinion regarding the health benefits of soy did not have a convincingly
positive opinion of soy as alternative for HRT and as reliever of menopausal
symptoms. They expressed a more neutral opinion. As expected, consumers
that were not of opinion that soy has certain health benefits, also disagreed
when asked if soy can be used as an alternative for HRT or as reliever of
menopausal symptoms.
Although the causes for the respondents' opinion or uncertainty were not
determined in this study, it can be hypothesised that it may be due to lack of
standardisation of evidence on the safety and efficacy of alternative hormone
replacement therapies. Further studies are still needed to determine the
contributing factors which influence consumers' opinion or lack of opinion on
soy. If consumers are not educated about the benefits and disadvantages of
soy as alternative for HRT, they cannot make intelligent decisions and
choices as to whether or not to use soy as alternative for HRT.<br>Thesis (M. Consumer Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Kunze, Kira [Verfasser], and Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Sekundo. "Untersuchung der Papillenmorphologie bei frühgeborenen Kindern mit Hilfe des Heidelberger Retina Tomographen (HRT II) und der optischen Kohärenztompgraphie (RTVue 100) / Kira Kunze ; Betreuer: Walter Sekundo." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193177537/34.
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Sonza, Sabrina. "Disenteria de inverno: detecção de coronavírus bovino (BCoV) por reação de PCR dirigida ao gene Rp Rd e isolamento em cultivo celular de HRT-18G." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-11072007-111349/.
Full textAbstract:
Coronavirus bovino (BCoV), um membro da família i>Coronaviridae, causa severa diarréia em bezerros neonatos e tem sido associado a diarréias de inverno em vacas leiteiras em vários paises, incluindo o Brasil. A morbidade da disenteria de inverno e alta chegando ate 100% , sendo um fator importante para economia já que causa queda da produção leiteira, levando a grandes perdas as criações de vacas leiteiras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar a ocorrência de BCoV em vacas, diagnosticando amostras positivas por RT-PCR gene Rp Rd e isolando estas amostras positivas em células da linhagem HRT-18G. As amostras de fecais foram obtidas de 43 vacas leiteiras com disenteria de 8 propriedades dos Estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, Brasil. Das dez (10/43=23%) amostras positivas para esta técnica, 7 foram inoculadas em células da linhagem HRT-18G, sendo que o isolamento foi comprovado pela mesma técnica após seis passagens seriadas em 4 inoculações. Com isso, mostra-se que o BCoV também esta envolvido em disenterias de inverno em vacas leiteiras no Brasil. E através de isolamentos deste vírus, podemos contribuir para estudos continuados ajudar no esclarecimento de sua epidemiologia e possibilitar com um banco de vírus a prevenção de ordem também especifica da enfermidade.<br>Bovine coronavirus (BCoV), a member of Coronaviridae family, causes severe diarrhea in newborn calves and has been associated with outbreaks of winter dysentery (WD) in adult cattle in several countries, including Brazil. The morbidity rate of WD is very high (50-100%) and the disease causes severe economic losses once it decreases milk production. The aim of the present study was to survey for the occurrence of BCoV in cows using a RT-PCR targeted to the replicase gene and to isolate positive samples in HRT-18G cells. The fecal samples were obtained from 43 adult dairy cows with dysentery from São Paulo and Minas Gerais States, Brazil. Ten (23%) of the 43 fecal samples were positive for BCoV and 7 of these were inoculated in HRT-18G cells, when the isolation of 4 samples was proved by RT-PCR after sex passages. These findings indicate that BCoV is also involved in outbreaks of dysentery in adult cattle in Brazil. This shows the importance of more comprehensive studies on coronavirus in dairy cattle in the surveyed area and, with the isolation of the virus strains studied herein, one may contribute to other studies to enlighten the epidemiology and prevention of the disease.
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Easwaran, Sathya Poornima. "Developing a Mechanistic Understanding and Optimization of the Cannibal Process: Phase II." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35108.
Full textAbstract:
The Cannibal system, comprised of an activated sludge process integrated with a side stream anaerobic bioreactor, is capable of reducing excess sludge up to 60% compared to the conventional activated sludge process. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the Cannibal bioreactor and the interchange rate (the percent of sludge by mass interchanged between the activated sludge system and the bioreactor on daily basis) are the two important operational parameters in the optimization of the Cannibal process. This research was designed to investigate the effect of the Cannibal bioreactor hydraulic retention time and the interchange rate on the solids destruction in the system. The first phase of this study has looked at the effect of three different HRTs, 5 day, 7 day and 10 day. The interchange rate during phase I was 10%. The results showed that the 7 day HRT can be recommended as the minimum retention period for the Cannibal process. The 5 day HRT Cannibal system had some settling problems and high volatile fatty acid content compared to the 7 day HRT Cannibal system. The protein and polysaccharide tests showed that the Cannibal bioreactor is primarily involved in the release of biopolymers which are degraded in the aerobic environment.
The second part of this study focused on the effect of the interchange rate (IR) on the solids destruction in the system. The interchange rates that were applied in the system were 15%, 10%, 7%, 5% and 4%.The HRT in the Cannibal bioreactor was 7 day. The results showed that the 10% interchange rate gave maximum solids destruction than the other interchange rates. This implies that 10% is an optimum IR for the Cannibal system. Apart from higher solids wastage, the 4% and 5% IR Cannibal systems had higher volatile fatty acid production.<br>Master of Science
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Vasko, Anthony C. "Issues in the Development of All-Sputtered ZnO/CdS/CdTe Flexible Solar Cells." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1249826879.
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Simpson, E. E. A. "The effects of attitudes to HRT use, health value and health locus of control in menopausal women on stress and coping, symptoms reported and everyday memory." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395210.
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Bosio, Morgana. "Produção de hidrogênio e metabólitos em reator anaeróbio de leito fluidizado e em reator de leito granular expandido a partir de glicerol." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7361.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-28<br>Não recebi financiamento<br>This work aimed to evaluated the biological hydrogen production using crude glycerol as feedstock in two anaerobic reactors: (1) anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR), that allows
high mass transfer, and (2) an expanded granular sludge blanket reactor, that can used with high efficiency even at high organic loading. In the AFBR, it was evaluated the influence of HRT (14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2 and 1 hour) in the hydrogen production using crude glycerol as feedstock at 5 g.L-1 and expanded clay as support material. In the EGSB, the HRT varied from 24 to 1 hour, it was used the same feedstock as that used in the AFBR. The reactors were maintained at controlled temperature at 30°C. The noculum for AFBR and EGSB was granular sludge taken from UASB reactor treating poultry slaughterhouse that was previously submitted to heat treatment. In the AFBR, the hydrogen production rate (HPR) increased from 0.08 to 0.73L.h-1.L -1 with the decrease at HRT from 14 to 1 hour, respectively. The hydrogen yield (HY) did not presented the same trend and remained almost unchanged (0.62, 0.76, 0.73, 0.75, 0.60, 0.58, 0.69, 0.85 molH2.mol-1glycerol). For this reactor, the main byproducts were 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD), ethanol, acetic, butyric and propionic acid. The highest 1,3-PD (1,230 mg.L-1), ethanol (723 mg.L-1), acetic acid (204 mg.L-1), propionic acid (759 mg.L-1) and butyric acid (324 mg.L-1) concentration occurred at HRT of 6, 14, 8, 2, 6 hours, respectively. In the EGSB, the HPR and the HY presented the same trend: HPR increased from 0.018 to 1.708 L.h-1.L-1 and HY increased from 0.19 to 2.87 molH2.mol-1glycerol with the decrease in the HRT from 14 to 1 hour. For both reactors, the AFBR and the EGSB,the highest HPR and HY occurred at HRT of 1 hour. As well as for the AFBR, the main byproducts quantified in the EGSB were 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD), ethanol, acetic, butyric
and propionic acid. The highest 1,3-PD (1,606 mg.L -1), ethanol (400 mg.L-1), acetic acid (219 mg.L-1), propionic acid (1,075 mg.L-1) and butyric acid (248 mg.L-1) concentration occurred at HRT of 16, 12, 16, 8, 20 hours, respectively.<br>O presente estudo avaliou a produção biológica de hidrogênio utilizando glicerol bruto como
matéria-prima em dois reatores anaeróbios: (1) reator anaeróbio de leito fluidizado (RALF),
que possibilita elevada transferência de massa, e (2) um reator de leito granular expandido
(EGSB), que pode apresentar alta eficiência mesmo quando aplicadas elevadas cargas
orgânicas. No RALF, foi avaliada a influência do TDH (14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2 e 1 hora) na
produção de hidrogênio utilizando o glicerol bruto como matéria-prima na concentração de 5
g.L-1 e argila expandida como material de suporte. No EGSB, o TDH estudado variou de 24 a
1 hora, e o substrato e a concentração foram as mesmas que os utilizadas no RALF. Os
reatores foram mantidos em temperatura controlada de 30 °C. O inóculo para ambos os
reatores, RALF e EGSB, foi lodo granular de reator UASB utilizado no tratamento de água
residuária de abatedouro de aves, que foi previamente submetido ao tratamento térmico. No
RALF, a taxa de produção de hidrogênio (HPR) aumentou de 0,08 para 0,73L.h-1.L- 1 com a
diminuição do TDH de 14 para 1 hora, respectivamente. O rendimento de hidrogênio (HY)
não apresentou a mesma tendência e manteve-se praticamente inalterado (0,62; 0,76; 0,73;
0,75; 0,60; 0,58; 0,69 e 0,85 molH2.mol-1glicerol) . Para este reator, os principais metabólitos
foram 1,3-propanodiol (1,3-PD), etanol, ácido acético, butírico e propiônico. A maior
concentração de 1,3- PD (1.230 mg.l-1), etanol (723 mg.L -1 ), ácido acético (204 mg.L-1), ácido
propiônico (759 mg.L-1) e ácido butírico (324 mg.L-1) foi observada nos TDH de 6, 14, 8, 2, 6
horas, respectivamente. No EGSB, o HPR e HY apresentaram a mesma tendência: o HPR
aumentou de 0,018-1,708 L.h-1.L-1 e o HY aumentou de 0,19-2,87 molH2.mol-1 glicerol com a
diminuição do TDH de 14 para 1 hora. Para ambos os reatores, o RALF e o EGSB, a maior
HPR e o maior HY foram observados no TDH de 1 hora. Assim como para o RALF, os
principais metabólitos quantificados no EGSB foram 1,3- propanodiol (1,3-PD), etanol, ácido
acético, ácido butírico e ácido propiônico. A maior concentração de 1,3- PD (1.606 mg.L-1),
etanol (400 mg.L -1), ácido acético (219 mg.L-1), ácido propiônico (1.07 mg.L -1) e ácido
butírico (248 mg.L -1) foi observada no TDH de 16, 12, 16, 8 e 20 horas, respectivamente.
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Ödmark, Inga-Stina. "Hormone replacement therapy : benefits and adverse effects." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-243.
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Background: Numerous studies have shown that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is an effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms, insomnia and vaginal dryness. Beneficial effects have also been shown on lipid patterns and on the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. As ERT increases the risk of endometrial adenocarcinoma, combinations with various progestogens have been developed in order to protect the endometrium. However, the addition of progestogens tends to reduce the beneficial effects of estrogens on mood, cognition and lipid metabolism. The added progestogen often causes side effects such as irritability and depression. There is evidence that the effect on wellbeing varies between women and with the type of progestogen used. Women who prefer to avoid withdrawal bleedings can be given continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Unfortunately, irregular bleedings are common at the beginning of treatment and reduces compliance. Recently, several studies have reported an increased risk of breast cancer and venous thrombosis, and therefore long-term treatment with HRT for women without climacteric symptoms is no longer recommended. The ongoing debate has, for the time being, resulted in a recommendation that improving quality of life (QoL) by treatment of climacteric symptoms should be the only indication for prescribing HRT. Aims and methods: The aims of the study were to investigate bleeding patterns, changes in wellbeing at onset and during long-term treatment, and lipid and lipoprotein profiles with two different types of continuous combined HRT. In addition, women starting, and women switching from mainly sequential HRT were compared. The design was a randomised, double-blind, one year, prospective, multicentre study including 249 healthy postmenopausal women who were given continuous daily oral treatment with either combined 0.625mg conjugated estrogen (CE) and 5mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or combined 2mg 17β - estradiol (E2) and 1mg norethisterone acetate (NETA). Bleedings, if any, were recorded daily throughout the study. The main outcome measures (changes in wellbeing and climacteric symptoms) consisted of daily ratings of 12 items on a validated symptom scale. Serum concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins were measured at baseline and after one year of treatment. Results and conclusions: The majority of drop-outs were confined to the first three months, and the main reasons were bleedings and/or decreased wellbeing. Drop-outs were three times more common in the E2/NETA group. During the first month, 67% of the women reported irregular bleedings. The number of bleeding days decreased on both treatments during the first four months. Treatment with CE/MPA resulted in less irregular bleedings and a shorter time to amenorrhoea compared to E2/NETA. As expected, "starters" experienced more sweats than "switchers" at the onset of treatment, but both groups improved significantly. Side effects such as breast tenderness, swelling, depression and irritability appeared during the first treatment week in both groups. The side effects of HRT appeared much more quickly than the benefits and were more frequent in women with a history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Breast tenderness was more common in the E2/NETA group throughout the whole study period. Apart from that, there were no differences between the two treatment regimens as regards effects on well-being at the end of the study. Lipoprotein(a) levels, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, decreased in both treatment groups. Triglyceride levels increased in women treated with CE/MPA, and levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein fell in the E2/NETA group. In conclusion, treatment with E2/NETA caused more bleeding problems than treatment with CE/MPA. CE/MPA was better tolerated than E2/NETA at the beginning of the study, but among the women remaining in the study there was no difference in QoL between the two treatment groups. HRT counselling should take into account that a history of PMS increases the likelihood of side effects and that these may precede any beneficial effects. Both treatments produced beneficial effects on lipid and lipoprotein levels, and neither of the regimens was superior in this respect.
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Brauer, Vanessa [Verfasser], and Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Sekundo. "Untersuchung und Vergleich der Papillenmorphologie bei Kindern mit hoher Hyperopie mit dem Heidelberg Retina Tomographen (HRT II) und der optischen Kohärenztomographie (RTVue 100) / Vanessa Brauer ; Betreuer: Walter Sekundo." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1140834819/34.
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Cohen, Tervaert Jan Willem. "Immunologie: het hart van de zaak." Maastricht : Maastricht : Maastricht University ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2001. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=12697.
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Wihlbäck, Anna-Carin. "Ovarian hormones and effects in the brain : studies of neurosteroid sensitivity, serotonin transporter and serotonin2A receptor binding in reproductive and postmenopausal women." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-365.
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Background: Estrogen has been reported to enhance well-being and quality of life during the climacteric phase. In women with an intact uterus estrogen treatment is always combined with progestins in order to protect the endometrium from hyperplasia and malignancies. However, in certain women the addition of progestins causes cyclicity in negative mood symptoms and physical symptoms similar to those encountered during ovulatory cycles in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The ovarian hormones estradiol and progesterone have profound effects on a number of neurotransmitter systems in the brain, such as the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) system and the serotonergic system. Progesterone metabolites, such as allopregnanolone and pregnanolone (also referred to as neurosteroids) modify the GABAA receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) and enhance GABAergic inhibitory transmission. Neurosteroid sensitivity in human studies can be studied by saccadic eye movement measurements using pharmacodynamic challenges with pregnanolone. Altered neurosteroid sensitivity has been suggested as a possible contributory factor to the progesterone/progestin-induced adverse mood effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). There is also evidence of estrogen treatment affecting the serotonergic system in postmenopausal women, although progestin addition has been less well studied. Aims and method: The aim was to investigate whether the negative mood symptoms experienced during the progestin or progesterone phase of HRT were associated with changes in neurosteroid sensitivity, or changes in platelet serotonin uptake site (transporter) and serotonin2A (5-HT2A) receptor binding. The intention was also to investigate whether hormonal changes during the normal menstrual cycle affect these peripheral serotonergic parameters. Postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms were given HRT in two randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover studies. The women received 2 mg estradiol (E2) continuously during 28- day cycles. Synthetic progestins or natural progesterone were added sequentially during the last 14 days, and compared to a placebo addition. Before treatment, as well as during the last week of each treatment cycle the pharmacodynamic response to pregnanolone was assessed using saccadic eye movement measurements. Throughout the studies daily symptom ratings were made. In the study regarding synthetic progestins, platelet serotonin transporter and 5-HT2A receptor binding were assayed before entering the study, as well as during the last week of each treatment cycle. In the study on reproductive women, blood samples were collected for analysis of platelet serotonin transporter and 5-HT2A receptor binding at six different points in time during the menstrual cycle. Results and conclusion: The addition of synthetic progestins to estrogen treatment increased negative mood symptoms and physical symptoms, whereas positive symptoms decreased. The addition of progestins also increased the sensitivity to pregnanolone. The addition of natural progesterone to estrogen treatment increased the sensitivity to pregnanolone. However, in this study the pregnanolone sensitivity was enhanced also during estrogen treatment. Women expressing cyclicity in negative mood symptoms were more sensitive to pregnanolone than women without symptom cyclicity. Thus, it is evident that mood deterioration during HRT is associated with altered neurosteroid sensitivity. Platelet serotonin transporter and 5-HT2A receptor binding did not change during the different treatment conditions in HRT. Thus, we were unable to explain the negative mood changes of HRT by use of these peripheral serotonergic parameters. In the study on reproductive women however, it was clear that the serotonergic variables did change during the menstrual cycle. Binding to the serotonin transporter was higher in the late follicular phase than in the ovulatory, early luteal or mid-luteal phases. Binding to the 5-HT2A receptor was higher in the early follicular phase and the early luteal phase than in the mid-luteal phase. These findings may provide a link between the ovarian steroids, and the GABAergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems, which in turn, could explain part of the specific vulnerability that women have for the development of adverse mood effects during HRT, mood and anxiety disorders and for the deterioration of mood so frequently seen during the luteal phase.
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Busschbach, Jooske Tanna van. "Uit het oog, uit het hart? stabiliteit en verandering in persoonlijke relaties /." Amsterdam : [Groningen] : Thesis Publishers ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1996. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/152140379.
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Sparks, Patricia Lynne. "The relationship of vitamin D and selected nutrient intakes, sex hormone binding globulin and markers of bone turnover to bone mineral density in exercising and non-exercising postmenopausal women taking or not taking HRT." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289711.
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The loss of bone mineral density (BMD) plays a major role in the increased incidence of osteoporosis in aging women and, consequently, strategies to maintain BMD are critical to quality of life for these women. The role of vitamin D in the accrual and maintenance of bone mineral and its relationship to the incidence and severity of osteoporosis is not well understood. By measuring serum and intake levels this study investigates the relationship of vitamin D to baseline BMD and changes in regional and total body BMD over 1 y. The role of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is also investigated. Because SHBG binds with both estrogen, an antiresorptive agent, and testosterone, a bone formation agent, lower serum SHBG concentrations may promote a greater bioavailability of estrogens and androgens, which could decrease resorption, stimulate formation and increase BMD. Women who were 3-10 y postmenopausal, aged 55 ± 5.1 y, and taking or not taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were randomized into exercise and non exercise groups: (1) No HRT, no exercise; (2) HRT, no exercise; (3) No HRT, exercise; and (4) HRT, exercise. The number of subjects per group at the end of one year was 25, 19, 27 and 20, respectively. The thrice weekly exercise regimen, consisting mainly of weight lifting and weight bearing activities, lasted for 1 y. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 3% of the subjects, Serum 25(OH)D₃ concentrations had inverse relationships with changes in BMD in the femoral neck (P < 0.05) and trochanter (P = 0.07). When subjects were grouped according to HRT status, BMD at baseline and one 1 y was never positively related to serum 25(OH)D₃ concentrations in HRT users, Subjects having greater than 80 nmol/L 25(OH)D₃ had significantly decreased concentrations of serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyrodinoline (Dpd) crosslinks (P < 0.05). Exercise had no effect on serum content of 25(OH)D₃. Serum concentrations of SHBG were not significantly related to BMD at any site, nor did they show a decrease with exercise even when HRT status was taken into account. Significant inverse relationships (P < 0.05) were found between SHBG, sex hormone indices (Estrone/SHBG; Estradiol/SHBG) and bone turnover markers, osteocalcin and Dpd crosslinks/creatinine.
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Steidle, Britta [Verfasser]. "Felduntersuchungen zur Ätiologie und Diagnose des Sommerekzems beim Islandpferd sowie zur Verlaufskontrolle einer Prophylaxe und Therapie mit homöopathischen Komplex-Präparaten in Verbindung mit Eigenblut anhand der funktionellen In-vitro-Tests HRT und CAST / Britta Steidle." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1025489713/34.
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Vries, N. K. de. "Het hart, de ruggengraat en de hersenpan perspectieven op gezondheidsgedrag /." Maastricht University ; Maastricht : University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2000. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=12670.
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Hofker, Marten H. "Het einde van hart- en vaatziekten nabij: feit of fictie?" Maastricht : Maastricht : Maastricht University ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2000. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=12681.
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Gangam, Srikanth. "Optical Investigations of Cd Free Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cells." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1345088305.
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Wah, Jiing-Yeh. "Top Hat HELLISH (Hot electron light emitting and lasing in heterostructures)." Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274381.
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