Dissertations / Theses: 'HPV'

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Schneider, Adam. "Návrh HPV." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229938.

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Andrlík, Ladislav. "Diferenciál HPV." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318539.

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The aim of this diploma thesis is the design of the differential of a road vehicle driven by a human force, intended for daily driving in the city with a focus on older users. The vehicle for which the differential is designed is strictly a pedal tricycle. The introduction of this thesis briefly outlines the history of pedal tricycles. The second chapter explains some technical terms relating to tricycles and bicycles in general. Further chapters of the research part describe the current structures of tricycles, the principle of a differential function in motor vehicles and design possibilities of the differential for pedal tricycles. The practical part of my work includes the design of a differential for pedal tricycle, the strength analysis of selected parts of the differential, drawings of the differential assembly, production drawings of selected parts and proposal of the torque transfer from pedals to the differential.

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Fontes, Adriele Souza. "Resposta específica aos antígenos da vacina anti-HPV em homens infectados pelo HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-03082015-103315/.

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Introdução: A infecção pelo Papiloma Virus Humano (HPV) vem sendo reportada como uma das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis com maior incidência na atualidade, porém a sua prevalência não é bem esclarecida em homens, principalmente devido a baixa presença de sintomas. Além disso, poucos estudos foram realizados nesta população até o momento para verificar a resposta imune pós-vacinação. As hipóteses testadas serão fundamentais para aprofundar o conhecimento da imunopatogênese, da resposta vacinal em pacientes infectados pelo HIV e colaborar no desenho e estratégias de vacinação anti-HPV na população infectada pelo HIV Objetivos: Analisar a resposta específica aos antígenos da vacina anti-HPV em homens infectados pelo HIV. Métodos: Um total de 24 pacientes infectados pelo HIV que preencheram os critérios de inclusão durante o período de coleta foram vacinados pela vacina anti-HPV bivalente em três doses nos períodos: zero, dois e seis meses. Os grupos foram divididos em: Grupo Controle (Cinco indivíduos sadios, com sorologia negativa para HIV); Grupo A (Nove pacientes com CD4 <500 celulas mm³); Grupo B (10 pacientes com CD4 >=500 celulas mm³). Foram realizados ELISA para a detecção de anticorpos Anti-HPV nos momentos pré e pós-vacinação nos grupos estudados; posteriormente realizamos nos mesmos o ensaio de cultura celular para detecção de citocinas (IFN?, IL17, TNF, IL6 e IL10) pela técnica de CBA . Resultados: Obtivemos soroconversão da primeira dose da vacina para o grupo A 55,6%, grupo B 30%, grupo controle 60%; na segunda dose obtivemos para o grupo A 88,8%, grupo B 80%, grupo controle 80%, e por final a terceira dose no grupo A 88,8%, grupo B 90%, grupo controle 100%. A citocina IL 6 (perfil TH2) demonstrou níveis mais elevados, comparados entre os grupos A, B e grupo controle (p<0.001). A partir da 3° dose da vacinação observamos baixos níveis de INF-? (perfil TH1) A e B (p<0.0006). O grupo controle apresentou produção de INF- ? quando comparado com grupos A e B (p<0.001). Conclusão: Os pacientes soropositivos e grupo controle foram respondedores a vacinação anti-HPV. Foi demonstrada uma elevada produção das citocinas entre os grupos sugerindo uma imunomodulação do grupo HIV+. Esse trabalho apresenta informações relevantes que estimulam a realização de novos estudos nessa população, avaliações de reações cruzada da vacina que pode resultar em proteção a outros tipos de HPV não presentes na vacina, além de analisar por mais tempo as titulações no soro desses pacientes. Os dados do nosso estudo podem corroborar para a vacinação nessa população, diminuindo assim o risco de uma infecção, mortalidade e morbidade das doenças causadas pelo HPV em homens. Introduction: Infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been reported as one of the sexually transmitted diseases with a higher incidence nowadys, but its prevalence must be clarified in men, mainly due to low presence of symptoms. Moreover, few studies have been performed in this population until now to verify the immune response post-vaccination. The hypothesis here suggested will be the key for better understanding of the immunopathogenesis, the vaccine´s response in HIV-infected patients and collaborate in the design and strategies of vaccination against HPV in HIV-infected population. Objectives: Analyze the specific response to antigens of HPV vaccine in HIV-infected men. Methods: A total of 24 HIV-infected patients who were in accordance with the inclusion criteria during the data collection period were vaccinated with anti-HPV bivalent vaccine in three period doses: zero, two and six months. The groups were distributed in: Control group (five healthy subjects with negative serology against HIV); Group A (nine subjects with CD4 <500 cells/mm³; Group B (10 subjects with CD4 >500 cells/mm³). ELISA was performed to detect the level of antibodies anti-HPV before and after vaccination in the studied cohort. Postenarly, cells of these groups were submitted in culture to verify citokynes production (IFN?, IL17, TNF, IL6 and IL10) using CBA methodology. Results: We obtained seroconversion after the first dose of anti-HPV vaccine: control group 60%, group A 55,6% and group B 30%. In the second dose: control group 80%, group A 88,8% and Group B 80%. And at last, the third dose: Control Group 100%, Group A 88,8% and group B 90%. IL 6 citokyne (TH2 response) was detected in higher level when compared Control, A and B groups (p<0.001). IFN? citokyne (TH1 response) was detect in low level only after the third dose of vaccination, showing relevance between A and B groups (p<0.0006). Additionally, higher IFN? production was detected when compared the control with A and B groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: HIV patients and controls (HIV-) were responders to anti-HPV vaccination. It was clear that an elevated cytokine production was detected between groups, suggesting immunomodulation of HIV + group. This work suggests relevant information that challenge: new studies in this population, verification of cross-reactions of the vaccine resulting in protection of other HPV types not present in this vaccine, and analyze for longer period the titers of anti-HPV antibodies in these patients. All together, our data can corroborate for vaccination in this population, thus decreasing the risk of infection, mortality and morbidity of the disease caused by HPV in men.

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Alexandrova, Maria Vladimirovna. "KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTIONS, AND BEHAVIORS OF RUSSIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS REGARDING HPV, HPV-RELATED DISEASES, AND HPV VACCINATION." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/617.

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Background: The HPV vaccine has been introduced to the public and the medical community since June 2006 for the vaccination of females and since November 2009 for the vaccination of males ages 9-26 years old. The purposes of this research were to explore multiple factors and relationships among Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and perceived benefits) and mediating factors (self-efficacy and cues to action) related to HPV, HPV-associated diseases, and HPV vaccine among Russian college students and to determine which factors were most important when considering who would/would not seek HPV vaccination. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational survey design was used in this study. An existing self-report questionnaire HPV Study Survey was adapted with the permission from the author. One thousand two hundred participants were contacted by Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Veliky Novgorod, Russia registrar's office through e-mails and messaging using two social networks through simple random sampling method using the SQL statement "ORDER BY NEWID" propriety of Microsoft algorithm out of the total student population (9,923 students). The survey was distributed through SurveyMonkeyTM survey software that was activated December 2011 - April 2012. Results: Two hundred seventy students replied to the survey (22.5% response rate) and 117 participants fully completed it out of 270 who responded to the survey (43.33% completion rate). The initial response rate increased 4.4 times using social networks messaging compared to e-mailing invitations. Overall, average knowledge levels were moderate. Participants' behaviors regarding their sexual activity showed that the majority of participants were sexually active. Participants' perceptions (susceptibility, severity, barriers, and benefits) and mediating factors (cues to action and self-efficacy) were moderate. Participants' behavioral intention to get HPV vaccination was moderate. There were statistically significant differences between males and females in perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, behavioral intention, and in three behavioral items (having had sexual contact; age of having had sexual contact and sex for the first time). Sixty percent of the variance in behavioral intention getting HPV vaccination could be explained by two HBM constructs (perceived benefits and self-efficacy). Self-efficacy was the number one predictor of behavioral intention (p < 0.001) and perceived benefits were the number two predictor of behavioral intention (p < 0.01).

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Donaldson, Yvonne K. "Studies on common genital HPV types, HPV variants and HPV integration in the development of cervical carcinoma." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19692.

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There has been considerable epidemiological and experimental evidence to support a role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of cervical cancer, however, the precise contribution of HPV remains controversial. Variation in prevalence of HPV types in cervical lesions have been found and there have been reports of a high prevalence of HPV in normal tissue. These variable findings have been attributed to several factors including the different detection and cervical sampling techniques used. In this study a PCR based assay for the detection of the common genital HPV types 6b, 11, 16, 18 and 33 was designed and optimised for both sensitivity and specificity. The assay was applied to 24 normal control cases, 20 cases each of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN 2 and CIN 3, 26 cases of squamous carcinoma, 16 cases of adenocarcinoma and 4 cases of mixed adenosquamous carcinoma. HPV DNA was found in 25% of CIN 1 cases, 60% of both CIN 2 and CIN 3 cases and in 80% of the cervical carcinomas. A novel finding was that no HPV DNA was detected in the normal control cases. No HPV 6 or 33 DNA was found and HPV 11 DNA was detected in only 5% of CIN 1 cases. HPV 16 and HPV 18 DNA was seen with increasing frequency though the spectrum of cervical disease. The results of this assay support a role for HPV 16 and 18 in neoplastic progression and emphasise the biological similarity of CIN 2 and CIN 3 and their divergence from CIN 1. The prevalence of HPV 16 and HPV 18 in cervical neoplasms was compared. HPV 16 was found in more squamous carcinomas (58%) than HPV 18 (23%), whereas in adenocarcinomas - which have a poorer prognosis than squamous carcinomas - both HPV types showed an equal prevalence (44%). Thus, in terms of cancer cell differentiation HPV 16 appeared to confer a better prognosis than HPV 18. The frequency of HPV 16 in all cancers and CINs gave a CANCER:CIN prevalence ratio of 1.4 (54% /38%) as compared to one of 3.75 (30% /8%) for HPV 18 - a 2.6 fold difference - indicating either a greater risk of, or more rapid progression to malignancy associated with HPV 18. These findings suggest that HPV 18 is more aggressive than HPV 16.

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Lundberg, Maria, and Martin Färdig. "Gymnasieelevers kunskap om och inställning till HPV och HPV-vaccin." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234188.

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Bakgrund: Humant papillomvirus (HPV) är ett sexuellt överförbart vårtvirus, som kan orsaka cellförändringar och livmoderhalscancer. Tidigare forskning har visat att kunskap om HPV och HPV-vaccin generellt är låg och att vaccinationstäckningen bland unga kvinnor i många länder varit suboptimal. Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att kartlägga gymnasieelevers kunskap om och inställning till HPV och HPV-vaccin, samt undersöka om det föreligger skillnader mellan elever på praktiska och teoretiska gymnasieprogram. Metod: Studien var en deskriptiv komparativ tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Orems egenvårdsteori användes som teoretisk referensram. De 230 deltagarna från fyra gymnasieskolor i Uppsala besvarade ett enkätformulär. Resultat: Majoriteten av eleverna hade generellt låg kunskap om HPV och HPV-vaccinet, hade låg tilltro till vaccinet och var osäkra på huruvida de i framtiden ville vaccineras, dock hade elever på teoretiska program bättre kunskap och mer positiv inställning än elever på praktiska program. Flickor hade bättre kunskap och om HPV och HPV-vaccin än pojkar. De flesta hade inte hört talas om vaccin mot HPV, men de allra flesta hade kännedom om vaccin mot livmoderhalscancer. Slutsats: Den låga kunskapen om HPV och HPV-vaccin kan påverka elevernas inställning samt deras intentioner att i framtiden vaccineras. Resultatet indikerar på ett behov av mer information om HPV och HPV-vaccin. Skolsköterskans hälsosamtal med gymnasieelever bör inkludera information och diskussion om HPV och HPV-vaccin anpassad för ungdomar, för att ge dem möjlighet att förstå sambandet mellan kondylom, HPV och livmoderhalscancer, och därmed lättare kunna ta ställning till vaccination.

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Johnson, Chandrika. "College Students' HPV Knowledge and Intention to be HPV Vaccinated." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/954.

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Combating HPV infection in males is a significant public health issue. In addition to the number of HPV-related cancers that develop each year, Palefsky (2007) reported that "HPV infection of men is of great importance given that sexual transmission is the primary mode of spread to women" (p. 261). In recent years, the development of the HPV vaccine has spurred controversy over whether or not males as well as females should obtain the vaccine against this disease. The purpose of this study was to examine male college students' intention to be HPV vaccinated and their HPV knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control towards the vaccination. A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectioned research design was employed. Two hundred and eight (208) male college students at a mid-sized public university participated in the study and completed an in-class questionnaire. The results of the descriptive statistics showed that, on average, the sample of 208 male college students had correct responses on only half of the 15 questions regarding knowledge about HPV based on the mean scores. Respondents had positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, greater sense of control over being HPV vaccinated, and favorable intention to be HPV vaccinated. Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control were significant predictors of male college students' behavioral intention to be HPV vaccinated. Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control had a positive influence on male college students' behavioral intention to be HPV vaccinated. Lastly, male college students' level of HPV knowledge was not significantly correlated to their behavioral intention to be HPV vaccinated

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Weller, Giselle Schneider. "HPV-Related Stigma." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1178880918.

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Martinát, Antonín. "Návrh převodů HPV." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377460.

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This diploma thesis concerns the design proposal for a bicycle gearbox powered by human force. The first part summarizes the existing solutions. The second part includes the proposal of the new design, together with the calculation of the strength for selected parts. Attached are the drawings documenting the findings.

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Šmak, Petr. "Návrh rámu HPV." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228229.

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Design of frame of a human powered vehicle (HPV) is the aim of this diploma thesis. Wide analysis precedes design process. The thesis describes historical developement of land transportation, especially history of cycling, bicycles and other human povered vehicles, which are not so extended. Preferences and deficiencies of transportation by these ecological vehicles are shown. The thesis includes summary of most widespread and best-known conceptions, including their advantages and disadvanteges. Conception of three-wheeled vehicle was selected. It has two steered front wheels and one powered rear wheel. The accent is putted on wide efficiency, ergonomics, simplicity of vehicle`s frame and possibility of using common cycling components. 3D model of frame and assembly of vehicle was created. This model was checked by FEM computation.

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Quintana, Marcel de Souza Borges. "Análise longitudinal de coinfecções por HPV em pacientes HIV-positivas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-04042013-141055/.

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Avaliamos a incidência e o clareamento para o vírus do papiloma humano (HPV) dos tipos oncogênicos e não-oncogênicos em uma coorte aberta com 202 mulheres portadoras do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), e identificamos alguns fatores de risco e proteção associados a cada desfecho utilizando modelos de fragilidade Gama. No modelo de incidência, foram estudados os tempos até incidência de HPV oncogênicos e não-oncogênicos para cada mulher; no modelo de clareamento, foram estudados os correspondentes tempos até clareamento. Comparamos os erros-padrões estimados pela matriz de informação observada com os erros-padrões bootstrap para ambos os modelos e verificamos que a proposta de Verweij & Houwelingen (1994) para a matriz de variâncias e covariâncias dos parâmetros é a mais apropriada. Para a incidência de HPV oncogênicos, identificamos como fator de risco o uso de drogas em que a taxa de incidência para as pacientes que usam drogas é 1.88 (IC 90%, 1.01; 3.5) vezes aquela correspondente a mulheres que não usam e como fator de proteção a renda em que a taxa de incidência de pacientes com renda igual ou superior a 3 salários mínimos é 0.62 (IC 90%, 0.38; 1.00) vezes a taxa referente àquelas com renda menor que 3 salários mínimos. Para a incidência de HPV não-oncogênicos identificamos como fatores de risco a escolaridade e o total de gestações, em que, para a última, a taxa de incidência para as mulheres que tiveram mais do que uma gestação é 1.76 (IC 90%, 1.09; 2.86) vezes a taxa referente àquelas que tiveram uma ou nenhuma. Para o clareamento de HPV oncogênicos identificamos como fatores que indicam um clareamento mais rápido a renda, a idade e o tratamento antirretroviral (ARV), em que, para a última, supondo mulheres com fragilidades iguais, a taxa de clareamento para as pacientes que eram tratadas com o esquema inibidor de protease (IP) é 1.79 (IC 90%, 1.1; 2.9) vezes aquela correspondente a mulheres que não foram tratadas com nenhum tratamento ARV e como fator que indicam um clareamento mais lento o número de parceiros sexuais no último ano, em que, as pacientes com mais de um parceiro tiveram taxa de clareamento 0.39 (IC 90%, 0.16; 0.98) vezes a taxa de clareamento referente à uma mulher que teve um parceiro ou menos. Para o clareamento de HPV não-oncogênicos tivemos como fator que indica um clareamento mais lento o hábito tabagista em que, supondo fragilidades iguais, pacientes fumantes tem a taxa de clareamento 0.53 (IC 90%, 0.32; 0.87) vezes a taxa referente à uma mulher que não fuma. We evaluated the incidence and clearance for oncogenic and non-oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) in an open cohort of 202 women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and we identified some risk factors and protective factors for each outcome using Gamma frailty models. In the incidence model, we studied the incidence of stroke by oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV for each woman; in the clearance model, the corresponding times to clearance were studied. We compared the standard errors estimated by the observed information matrix with bootstrap standard errors for both models and found that the variance and covariance matrix of the parameters proposed by Verweij & Houwelingen (1994) is more appropriate. For the incidence of oncogenic HPV, identified as a risk factor drug use and the incidence rate for patients who use drugs is 1.88 (90% CI, 1.01; 3.5) times the rate for those who do not use and as a protective factor income where the incidence rate is 0.62 (90% CI, 0.38; 1.00) times the rate for those earning less than 3 minimum wages. For the incidence of non-oncogenic HPV identified as risk factors schooling and total pregnancies, in which, for the latter, the incidence rate for women who had more than one pregnancy is 1.76 (90% CI, 1.09; 2.86) times the rate for those which have one or none. For clearance of oncogenic HPV identified as factors that indicate a faster clearance income, age and antiretroviral therapy (ART), in which, to the last, with women assuming equal frailties, the rate of clearance for patients who were treated with the protease inhibitor (IP) regimen is 1.79 (90% CI, 1.1; 2.9) times the rate for those who were not treated with any antiretroviral regimen and as a factor that indicates slower clearance the number of sexual partners in the last year, and for patients with more than one partner the clearance rate 0.39 (IC 90%, 0.16; 0.98) times the rate referring to a woman who had up to a partner. For the clearance of non-oncogenic HPV had a factor which indicates a slower clearance smoking habit, assuming equal frailties, smokers have the clearance rate 0.53 (90% CI, 0.32; 0.87) times the rate referring to a woman who does not smoke.

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Stuqui, Bruna [UNESP]. "Caracterização funcional de HTRA1 em linhagens celulares HPV positiva e HPV negativa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/111013.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T11:16:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-12-02T11:21:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000799483.pdf: 5907887 bytes, checksum: 10be7c238cdd808e25bb62408e42fe13 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) O Papilomavirus humano (HPV) é um dos vírus mais prevalentes entre as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e está associado com doenças malignas. Os HPVs de alto risco possuem proteínas, denominadas de E6 e E7, caracterizadas como oncoproteínas devido aos seus papéis na transformação celular e na inativação de supressores de tumor. Um dos mecanismos usados na transformação celular pela proteína E6 do HPV de alto risco é a interação do seu domínio carboxi-terminal, PDZ, com domínios PDZs presentes em algumas proteínas celulares, destinando-as à degradação. Uma proteína que está associada com várias condições patológicas e tem domínio PDZ é a protease HtrA1. Esta proteína é pouco expressa em alguns cânceres, sugerindo um papel supressor de tumor. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da superexpressão de HTRA1 em linhagem celular HPV16 positiva (HF698) e HPV negativa (C33). As linhagens celulares foram transfectadas com vetor contendo a ORF de HTRA1 ou vetor vazio. A superexpressão do mRNA e proteína foi confirmada por qPCR e imuno-histoquímica, respectivamente. As linhagens celulares transfectadas foram submetidas a ensaio de formação de colônia, de viabilidade celular, de apoptose e ciclo celular. As células C33 superexpressando HtrA1 formaram significantemente menos colônias e apresentaram redução de viabilidade celular comparadas as células sem expressão de HtrA1. Diferentemente, na linhagem HPV positiva ocorreu aumento no número de colônias nas células superexpressando HtrA1 e não houve diferença no ensaio de viabilidade celular. Esses resultados sugerem que os diferentes padrões observados nas duas linhagens celulares são decorrentes da presença do HPV na HF698 e da ausência na C33. A fim de confirmar se o aumento do número de colônias nas células HF698 superexpressando HtrA1 é decorrente da interação dessa proteína com E6, foi produzida linhagem estável de C33 com ... The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent virus among sexually transmitted infections and it is associated with some malignancies. High risk HPVs contain proteins, E6 and E7, characterized by oncoproteins due to their roles in cellular transformation and suppressor tumor inactivation. One of the mechanisms used in cell transformation by E6 protein from high-risk HPVs is the interaction of its carboxy-terminal domain, known as PDZ, with PDZs domains present in some cellular proteins, triggering them to degradation. A protein that is associated with various pathological conditions and has PDZ domain is the protease HtrA1. This protein is poorly expressed in some cancers, suggesting its tumor suppressor role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the HtrA1 overexpression in HPV 16 positive (HF698) and HPV negative (C33) cell lines. The cell lines were transfected with vector containing the HTRA1 ORF or empty vector. The mRNA and protein overexpression were confirmed by qPCR and immunohistochemical, respectively. The cell lines transfected were subjected to cell proliferation, viability, apoptosis and cell cycle assays. C33 cells expressing HtrA1 presented significantly fewer colonies and showed reduced viability than cells without HtrA1 expression. On the other hand, in HPV-positive cell line there was an increase in the number of colonies in cells expressing HtrA1 and there was no difference in the cell viability assay. These results suggest that the different patterns observed between the two cell lines studied may be due to the HPV presence in HF698 and its absence in C33 cells. To confirm if the increase in the number of colonies in HPV positive cells (HF698) overexpressing HtrA1 arises from the interaction of this protein with E6, stable lines of C33 containing gene E6 were produced and subsequently performed cell proliferation assay. C33 cells overexpressing E6 and HTRA1 showed an increased number of ...

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Öberg, Conny, and Sofia Josefsson. "Knowledge and beliefs about HPV and HPV vaccine among young Thai females." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295648.

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Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the recognized main reason for developing cervical cancer. HPV vaccine given to females is the most effective prevention. Purpose: To investigate knowledge and beliefs about HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine among young Thai females in north-eastern part of Thailand. Further, to discover potential differences between those stating having knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer (group SHK), and those stating not having knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer (group SNHK). Method: A cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire about knowledge and beliefs of HPV where 221 young Thai females, aged 18-21, participated. Orem’s self-care theory was used as theoretical framework. Result: Less than 50 % of the participants knew about visible signs and symptoms of HPV infection. However, over 70 % had knowledge regarding HPV´s relation to sexual activity. Internet was the greatest source of information about HPV. Participants had positive belief towards the vaccine and more than 95% wished to get vaccinated. Group SHK had more knowledge then group SNHK with significant difference in seven out of fourteen knowledge items, and showed more positive beliefs with significant difference in six out of sixteen belief statements. Conclusion: The overall level of knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer was insufficient. However, this did not affect the participant’s beliefs in the subject negatively. Health care should provide viable internet sites with information about HPV to ensure that young Thai females get requisites, enabling self-care on preventing HPV infections by vaccination. Bakgrund: Humant Papillom Virus (HPV) är den erkänt främsta orsaken till livmoderhalscancer. Vaccinering av unga kvinnor är den erkänt mest effektiva preventionen. Syfte: Att undersöka kunskap och åsikter om HPV, livmoderhalscancer och HPV vaccin bland unga thailändska kvinnor i nordöstra Thailand. Vidare, att undersöka om det fanns några skillnader mellan dem som säger sig ha kunskap om HPV och livmoderhalscancer (grupp SHK) och de som säger sig inte ha någon kunskap om HPV och livmoderhalscancer (grupp SNHK). Metod: En tvärsnittsstudie med ett frågeformulär om kunskap och åsikter om HPV som 221 unga thailändska kvinnor, i åldern 18-21, besvarade. Dorotea Orems omvårdnadsteori användes som teoretisk ram. Resultat: Mindre än 50 % av deltagarna hade kunskap om symtom av en HPV infektion. Över 70 % hade kunskap om HPV och dess relation till sexuell aktivitet. Största källan för information om HPV var internet. Deltagarna hade positiva åsikter inför vaccinet, mer än 95 % skulle vilja vaccinera sig. Grupp SHK hade mer kunskap än grupp SNHK med signifikant skillnad i sju av fjorton kunskapsämnen, och visade mer positiva åsikter med signifikant skillnad i sex av sexton påståenden rörande åsikter. Slutsats: Nivån av kunskap rörande HPV och livmoderhalscancer är otillräcklig, men det påverkar inte unga thailändska kvinnors åsikter om HPV vaccin i negativ riktning. Hälso- och sjukvården bör erbjuda korrekta och trovärdiga websidor med information om HPV för att ge unga thailändska kvinnor de förutsättningar som krävs för egenvård i prevention av HPV infektion genom vaccinering.

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Stuqui, Bruna. "Caracterização funcional de HTRA1 em linhagens celulares HPV positiva e HPV negativa /." São José do Rio Preto, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/111013.

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Orientador: Marilia de Freitas Calmon Coorientador: Paula Rahal Banca: Carolina Colombelli Pacca Banca: Sebastião Roberto Taboga Resumo: O Papilomavirus humano (HPV) é um dos vírus mais prevalentes entre as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e está associado com doenças malignas. Os HPVs de alto risco possuem proteínas, denominadas de E6 e E7, caracterizadas como oncoproteínas devido aos seus papéis na transformação celular e na inativação de supressores de tumor. Um dos mecanismos usados na transformação celular pela proteína E6 do HPV de alto risco é a interação do seu domínio carboxi-terminal, PDZ, com domínios PDZs presentes em algumas proteínas celulares, destinando-as à degradação. Uma proteína que está associada com várias condições patológicas e tem domínio PDZ é a protease HtrA1. Esta proteína é pouco expressa em alguns cânceres, sugerindo um papel supressor de tumor. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da superexpressão de HTRA1 em linhagem celular HPV16 positiva (HF698) e HPV negativa (C33). As linhagens celulares foram transfectadas com vetor contendo a ORF de HTRA1 ou vetor vazio. A superexpressão do mRNA e proteína foi confirmada por qPCR e imuno-histoquímica, respectivamente. As linhagens celulares transfectadas foram submetidas a ensaio de formação de colônia, de viabilidade celular, de apoptose e ciclo celular. As células C33 superexpressando HtrA1 formaram significantemente menos colônias e apresentaram redução de viabilidade celular comparadas as células sem expressão de HtrA1. Diferentemente, na linhagem HPV positiva ocorreu aumento no número de colônias nas células superexpressando HtrA1 e não houve diferença no ensaio de viabilidade celular. Esses resultados sugerem que os diferentes padrões observados nas duas linhagens celulares são decorrentes da presença do HPV na HF698 e da ausência na C33. A fim de confirmar se o aumento do número de colônias nas células HF698 superexpressando HtrA1 é decorrente da interação dessa proteína com E6, foi produzida linhagem estável de C33 com ... Abstract: The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent virus among sexually transmitted infections and it is associated with some malignancies. High risk HPVs contain proteins, E6 and E7, characterized by oncoproteins due to their roles in cellular transformation and suppressor tumor inactivation. One of the mechanisms used in cell transformation by E6 protein from high-risk HPVs is the interaction of its carboxy-terminal domain, known as PDZ, with PDZs domains present in some cellular proteins, triggering them to degradation. A protein that is associated with various pathological conditions and has PDZ domain is the protease HtrA1. This protein is poorly expressed in some cancers, suggesting its tumor suppressor role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the HtrA1 overexpression in HPV 16 positive (HF698) and HPV negative (C33) cell lines. The cell lines were transfected with vector containing the HTRA1 ORF or empty vector. The mRNA and protein overexpression were confirmed by qPCR and immunohistochemical, respectively. The cell lines transfected were subjected to cell proliferation, viability, apoptosis and cell cycle assays. C33 cells expressing HtrA1 presented significantly fewer colonies and showed reduced viability than cells without HtrA1 expression. On the other hand, in HPV-positive cell line there was an increase in the number of colonies in cells expressing HtrA1 and there was no difference in the cell viability assay. These results suggest that the different patterns observed between the two cell lines studied may be due to the HPV presence in HF698 and its absence in C33 cells. To confirm if the increase in the number of colonies in HPV positive cells (HF698) overexpressing HtrA1 arises from the interaction of this protein with E6, stable lines of C33 containing gene E6 were produced and subsequently performed cell proliferation assay. C33 cells overexpressing E6 and HTRA1 showed an increased number of ... Mestre

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Silva, Roberto José Carvalho da. ""Prevalência da infecção pelo Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) em homens soropositivos para HIV e homens parceiros de mulheres com infecção pelo HPV"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5133/tde-26042006-114256/.

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O Papilomavírus humano (HPV) é provavelmente o agente mais prevalente das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis do trato genital.Este estudo foi realizado para comparar as prevalências de HPV nos 144 raspados penianos de homens HIV positivos e negativos.Utilizou PCR PGMY09/11 e hidridização em pontos. A prevalência de HPV nos indivíduos HIV positivo foi de 59% e no HIV negativo de 67%.A lesão aceto-branca pela peniscopia não demonstrou significativa positividade para HPV.Pacientes HIV positivo mostraram múltiplos tipos de HPV e os tipos oncogênicos (16/18) foram os de maior freqüência. Os HPV tipo 6/11 foram os mais freqüentes nos dois grupos. Observou-se maior prevalência de HPV nos HIV positivos com linfócitos T CD4 menor que 200 células/mm3. A carga viral plasmática do HIV não foi um fator de positividade para HPV Genital tract human papillomaviruses (HPV) are probably the most prevalent sexually transmitted pathogens. This study is to compare HPV DNA prevalence in 144 penile smears, obtained from HIV positive and negative men. It was used PCR employing the PGMY09/11 generic HPV primers and dot blot hybridization. HPV prevalence was 59% in HIV positive men and 67% in HIV negative. Acetic white lesions by peniscopy did not show significant positive of HPV in neither HIV positive and negative groups. HIV positive men had more often multiple and oncogenic HPV types (16/18). HPV types 6/11 were more frequent in both groups. The HIV positive group with lower 200 T CD4 cell counts load reported more HPV prevalence. HIV load was not a positive factor for HPV

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Bittner, Ivo. "Rekuperace energie u HPV." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230335.

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This thesis deals with comprehensive study and design of recovery system of a road vehicle powered by human power. It contains an overview of different types of heat recovery devices, their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and applicability in the construction of such a vehicle.

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Treat, Sarah E. "Exploring and Conquering HPV." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8488.

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Bittner, Ivo. "Rekuperace energie u HPV." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-374738.

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This thesis deals with comprehensive study and design of recovery system of a road vehicle powered by human power. It contains an overview of different types of heat recovery devices, their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and applicability in the construction of such a vehicle.

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Sharuga, Constance R., Tabitha Price, and Deborah Dotson. "HPV and Oral Cancer." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2532.

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Excerpt: According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 20 million Americans are infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), and another 6 million will become infected each year.

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Campos, Angela Borges de Carvalho. "Detecção de HPV e presença de HIV vaginal em mulheres infectadas por HIV." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309016.

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Orientador: Eliana Amaral Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T19:54:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_AngelaBorgesdeCarvalho_M.pdf: 1116989 bytes, checksum: 86a785222163ae5f264dc20b018e039f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 Resumo: OBJETIVO: Estudar os fatores associados à detecção de HPV e HIV na vagina, incluindo sua correlação. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal em mulheres infectadas por HIV. Excluíram-se gestantes e aquelas com antecedente de histerectomia, em uso de medicações vaginais nas últimas 48h, que tiveram relação sexual desprotegida havia menos de 72h ou com sangramento genital. Utilizou-se amostra endocervical para realização de teste de Captura Híbrida II® (HPV por CH II) para detecção de HPV (alto e baixo risco), clamídia e gonococo. Os tipos de HPV foram identificados por Linear Array®, Roche, após amplificação do DNA viral. Colheu-se lavado vaginal para determinação de RNA-HIV livre (utilizando-se 10 mL de solução salina). As cargas virais vaginal e plasmática de HIV foram mensuradas utilizando-se o kit HIV Monitor v1.5 Cobas Amplicor®. Calcularam-se as razões de prevalência e respectivos intervalos de confiança a 95%. RESULTADOS: Entre as 201 mulheres, das quais 73,6% em uso de TARV identificou-se o HPV de alto ou baixo risco pela CH II em 37,3% delas. O RNA-HIV livre foi detectável no lavado vaginal em 9% dos casos. Houve maior detecção de HPV por CH II com HIV plasmático detectável, menores valores de linfócitos T CD4, uso de contraceptivo combinado e tabagismo, mas não houve associação com RNA-HIV vaginal. O HPV pela CH II também foi mais prevalente quando havia alteração citológica e colposcópica, mas não ectopia, ulceração genital, monilíase ou vaginose bacteriana. Em mais de 80% das amostras, detectou-se algum tipo de HPV (em média, três tipos). Os tipos mais prevalentes foram HPV 62 (24,9%), 6 (19,4%), 53 (17,4%), 51 (14,9%), 61 (13,9%), 16 (12,9%) e HPV 84 (11,4%). HPV 53, 51 e 16 (alto risco) e HPV 84 (indeterminado) foram associados à maior detecção pela CH II. A presença de mais de três tipos de HPV foi o único fator que aumentou a prevalência de HPV por CH II na análise multivariada. Não usar TARV, carga viral plasmática detectável, CD4 reduzido e vaginose bacteriana aumentaram a prevalência de RNA-HIV vaginal, mas carga viral plasmática foi a única variável significativa na análise multivariada. Conclusão: O HPV foi detectável em 37,5% dos casos, quando se usou CH II, e em 80% dos casos quando se usou tipagem por Linear Array®. Ter RNA HIV vaginal detectável não aumentou a prevalência da detecção de HPV. A prevalência de RNA HIV vaginal foi 9%, bem abaixo dos valores da literatura e associada à carga viral plasmática Abstract: Aim: To study factors associated to HPV and HIV vaginal viral load, including their correlation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with HIV- infected women. Those who were pregnant, had undergone histerectomy, using vaginal medication within the last 48 hours, had had unprotected sex less than 72 hours before, or had genital bleeding were excluded. An endocervical sample was used for Hybrid Capture II (HPV by HC II) to detect HPV (high and low risk), Chamydia trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae. HPV types were identified by Linear Array (Roche), after viral DNA amplification. A cervico-vaginal lavage sample was obtained to determine free RNA-HIV load, using 10 mL of sterile normal saline. HIV vaginal and plasmatic viral loads were measured by HIV Monitor V 1.5 Cobas Amplicor. Prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Out of 201 women, 73.6% using ARV, 37.3% of women were identified with high or low risk HPV by HC II. Free HIV-RNA was detectable in cervical vaginal lavage of 9% of the cases. Higher HPV prevalence was associated with plasmatic HIV, lower T CD4 lynphocytes, combined hormonal contraceptives and cigarette smoking, but not with vaginal HIV-RNA. HPV by HC II was more prevalent in cases of cytologic or colposcopic abnormalities, but not ectopy, genital ulcerations, candidiasis or bacterial vaginosis. In over 80% of the samples, some type of HPV was detected (on average 3 types). The most prevalent types were HPV 62 (24.9%), 6 (19.4%), 53 (17.4%), 51 (14.9%), 61 (13.9%), 16 (12.9%) and 84 (11.4%). HPV 53, 51 and 16 (high risk) and 84 (undetermined) were associated to higher detection by HC II. The presence of more than three HPV types was the only factor which increased the prevalence of HPV by HC II in multivariate analysis. Using no ART, reduced CD4, plasma HIV viral load, and bacterial vaginosis increased the prevalence of vaginal HIVRNA, but plasmatic viral load was the only significant variable lin the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: HPV by HC II was detected in 37.5% of samples, and in 80% of the cases when Linear Array typing washed used. Having detectable vaginal RNA-HIV has not increased the prevalence of HPV detection. The prevalence of vagina RNA-HIV was 9%, well below the values found in the medical literature and associated to plasmatic viral load Mestrado Tocoginecologia Mestre em Tocoginecologia

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Rodriguez, Ma Del Rocio Rocha. "Fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de lesões cervicais em mulheres mexicanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-28032008-082517/.

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A compilação mais recente dos dados mundiais indica que anualmente 466.000 novos casos de câncer cervical são detectados em todo mundo. A infecção pelos tipos oncogênicos do papilomavírus humano (HPV), constitui importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento do câncer do colo uterino. Em mulheres portadoras do vírus da imunodeficiência humana tipo 1 (HIV-1), tem sido demonstrado o aumento na prevalência e persistência da infecção por HPV oncogênicos, justificando o aumento da susceptibilidade destas mulheres para o desenvolvimento das lesões cervicais, lesões precursoras do câncer do colo uterino. Citocinas são importantes na defesa contra a infecção pelo HPV e o nível de sua produção é geneticamente determinado. A predominância de citocinas do padrão do tipo Th1, como o TNF-alfa, está associada com a regressão das lesões cervicais. Neste estudo foram analisados os fatores comportamentais, imunológicos e virais, possivelmente, associados ao desenvolvimento das lesões cervicais em 66 mulheres mexicanas, portadoras ou não da infecção pelo HIV-1, apresentando lesões cervicais. Assim, aspectos sócio-demográficos e hábitos sexuais, a identificação e a tipificação do HPV, e a detecção do polimorfismo da região promotora do TNF foram analisados. Ao avaliar os aspectos sócio-comportamentais, a maioria das mulheres estava casada legalmente ou em união consensual no momento da entrevista, com nível educacional fundamental e nível sócio-econômico baixo. Associado a isso, a maior porcentagem dos maridos eram migrantes dos Estados Unidos da América (EUA), em busca de emprego e melhores condições financeiras. O grupo de pacientes com HIV-1 que referiram utilizar a camisinha só algumas vezes ou nunca e que relataram possuir entre 2-3 parceiros sexuais foi maior do que o grupo de mulheres sem o HIV- 1. Adicionalmente, os parceiros sexuais de mulheres com o HIV-1 mantinham outras parcerias sexuais, sendo estas heterossexuais e/ou homossexuais. Todas as pacientes arroladas no presente estudo apresentavam infecção ativa por HPV e lesões cervicais de baixo grau. Os HPV oncogênicos, como os do tipo 16/18 e 35, foram significantemente mais freqüentes entre as HIV positivas em comparação às não portadoras dessa infecção. Relativo às comparações do polimorfismo do TNF, a freqüência do genótipo TNF-308 não mostrou diferenças significantes entre os grupos de pacientes. O gene da região promotora do TNF na posição -238 também foi avaliado e observamos que o alelo TNF-238G, associado à alta produção dessa citocina, apresentou significativo aumento de sua freqüência entre as pacientes com o HIV-1 em relação às pacientes sem o HIV-1. Estes resultados sugerem que as condições sócio-culturais e hábitos sexuais estão envolvidos com a vulnerabilidade para a aquisição do HIV e HPV em mulheres mexicanas. Embora as portadoras do HIV apresentem infecção ativa por HPV oncogênicos, a presença do alelo -238G, relacionado com a alta produção do TNFalfa, pode estar associado com a não progressão das lesões cervicais. Entretanto, esta interpretação deve ser realizada com cautela, pois algumas mulheres que apresentavam resultados de lesões cervicais de baixo grau morreram de câncer cérvico uterino. Este fato revela a fragilidade das análises e avaliações ginecológicas nos serviços de saúde referidos neste estudo e sugere que a alternativa de utilizar técnicas de biologia molecular para a identificação e tipificação dos tipos oncogênicos do HPV seja uma estratégia importante para os programas de prevenção do câncer do colo do útero. The most recent compilation of global data indicates that, every year, 466,000 new cases of cervical cancer are detected around the world. Infection by oncogenic types of the human papillomavirus (HPV) constitutes an important risk factor for the development of colon cancer. In women with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), an increased prevalence and persistence of infection by oncogenic HPV has been demonstrated, justifying these women\'s increased susceptibility to the development of cervical lesions, which precede colon cancer. Cytokines are important in the defense against infection by HPV and its production level is genetically determined. The predominance of th1 cytokines, such as TNF-alfa, is associated with the regression of cervical lesions. This study analyzed behavioral, immunological and viral factors that may be associated with the development of cervical lesions in 66 Mexican women, infected by HIV-1 or not and presenting cervical lesions. Sociodemographic aspects and sexual aspects, HPV identification and typification and the detection of polymorphism in the region that promotes TNF were analyzed. With respect to socio-behavioral aspects, most women were legally married or lived in consensual union at the time of the interview, with basic education and low socioeconomic level. Moreover, most husbands were migrants from the United States (USA) who were looking for a job and better financial conditions. The group of HIV-1 patients who mentioned using a condom sometimes or never had having 2-3 partners was larger than the group of women without HIV-1. In addition, the sexual partners of women with HIV-1 had other hetero and/or homosexual partners. All patients included in this research presented active infection by HPV and low-grade cervical lesions. Oncogenic HPV, such as types 16/18 and 35, were significantly more frequent among HIV-positive than among HIV-negative patients. As to the comparisons of TNF polymorphism, the frequency of the TNF-308 genotype did not show significant differences between the patient group. The gene of the TNF promoting region in position -238 was also assessed. It was found that the TNF 238G allele, associated with high production levels of the cytokine, presented a significant increase in frequency among patient with in comparison with those without HIV-1. These results suggest that sociocultural conditions and sexual habits are involved in Mexican women\'s vulnerability to infection by HIV and HPV. Although the HIV patients present active infection by oncogenic HPV, the presence of the -238G allele, related with the high production of TNF-alpha, can be associated with the non progression of the cervical lesions. However, this must be interpreted with caution, as some women with low-grade cervical lesion results died of colon cancer. This fact reveals the fragility of gynecological analyses and assessments at the health services mentioned in this research and suggest the alternative of using molecular biology techniques for the identification and typification of HPV as an important strategy for colon cancer prevention programs.

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Lima, Marina de Deus Moura de. "Correlação entre a presença do HPV na boca e no colo uterino de pacientes com sorologia positiva e negativa para o HIV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23141/tde-29092009-091212/.

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A infecção genital pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV) corresponde a uma das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis mais frequentes no mundo. Uma preocupação dos pacientes que apresentam HPV na região anogenital diz respeito à possibilidade de disseminação desse vírus para outras partes do corpo. O objetivo geral desse estudo foi avaliar a possível correlação existente entre infecções pelo HPV na mucosa oral e no colo uterino em mulheres com sorologias positiva e negativa para o HIV. Pretendeu-se, também, identificar variáveis clínicas, demográficas e laboratoriais associadas à infecção oral pelo HPV. A amostra foi constituída por 200 pacientes do gênero feminino, sendo 100 com sorologia positiva para HIV (grupo 1) e 100 com sorologia negativa para HIV (grupo 2). As pacientes foram incluídas consecutivamente no Centro de Referência e Treinamento em DST-AIDS entre abril de 2008 a maio de 2009. Todas as pacientes assinaram um Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e responderam a uma ficha com questionamentos sobre hábitos e comportamento sexual. Além disso, tiveram as cavidades oral e ginecológica examinadas, sendo que células superficiais de ambos os locais foram coletadas e avaliadas pela captura híbrida 2 e pela citologia em base líquida. Para comparação de variáveis qualitativas, como freqüências e proporções, foi utilizado o teste de qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher, se necessário. Para comparação de dados quantitativos, foram utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney ou t de Student. A análise multivariada foi executada utilizando-se o teste de regressão logística, sendo que o valor de significância estatística estabelecido foi de 5% (p<0,05). O DNA do HPV foi detectado nas amostras cervicais de 41 (41%) pacientes HIV+ e de 45 (45%) HIV- (p=0.67). Nas amostras da cavidade oral, o DNA do HPV foi observado em 11 mulheres do G1 (HIV+) e em 2 mulheres do G2 (HIV-) (OR=6,06; 95%IC=1,31-28,07; p=0,02). Os subtipos oncogênicos foram prevalentes em ambos os grupos, sendo que não foi observada diferença entre os grupos (p=0.87). Nenhuma paciente apresentou lesão macroscópica oral relacionada ao HPV, sendo que 15 (15%) mulheres do G1 (HIV+) e 17 (17%) do G2 (HIV-) apresentaram lesão macroscópica na região genital (p=0.2129). Com os resultados obtidos pôde-se concluir que nesta população não houve correlação entre a infecção pelo HPV nas mucosas oral e cervical. Além disso, as pacientes HIV+ apresentaram maior prevalência de infecção pelo DNA-HPV na boca em comparação às pacientes HIV-. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted viruses worldwide with both oral and genital manifestations. The high prevalence of HPV infection among HIV + individuals provides an opportunity to elucidate the relationship between oral and cervical HPV-infection in this group of subjects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible association between oral and cervical infections in HIV-positive and negative patients. One hundred HIV+ (group 1) and 100 HIV- (group 2) women were recruited consecutively from a gynecologic clinic between April 2008 and May 2009. All subjects were given a cervical and oral examination. Cytological samples were evaluated by the hybrid capture 2 technique from oral and cervical scrapings. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test and p values < 0.05 were considered significant. HPV-DNA was detected in cervical scrapings from 41 (41%) HIV-positive subjects and from 45 (45%) HIVnegative subjects (p=0.67). In oral samples, HPV-DNA was observed in 11 subjects from group 1 and in 2 subjects from group 2 (p=0.02). High-risk HPV subtypes were prevalent in both groups and no difference between the groups was detected (p=0.87). No subject showed macroscopic oral HPV-related lesion, whereas 15 (15.00%) from group 1, and 17 (17.00%) from group 2, presented with macroscopic genital lesion (p=0.2129). HPV-DNA was more frequent in oral mucosa of HIV+ patients than HIV- (p=0,018). There was no association between oral and cervical HPV infection in HIV+ and HIV- patients. Presence of cervical lesion was not associated with oral lesion.

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Gaester, Karen Eliane de Oliveira. "Infecção do Papilomavírus Humano no fluído oral em homens infectados pelo HIV: prevalência da infecção e sua relação com os fatores de risco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-05052015-141155/.

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O Papilomavírus Humano é uma das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis mais comuns no mundo. A história natural da infecção oral pelo HPV não é bem esclarecida e seus fatores de risco não são bem explorados. Pessoas imunocomprometidas, como pacientes infectados pelo HIV, apresentam maior risco para a infecção pelo HPV.Objetivo: determinar a prevalência do HPV no fluído oral de homens infectados pelo HIV e sua relação com os fatores de risco. Casuística: Um total de 283 amostras de lavado oral foram analisadas. Todas as amostras passaram por processos de lavagem, extração de DNA, amplificação do DNA por PCR convencional (MY09/11), eletroforese em gel de agarose e as amostras positivas para HPV DNA foram submetidas à genotipagem do HPV por meio de hibridização. Resultados: A genotipagem do HPV identificou a presença dos tipos 06, 16, 44, 51, 56, 58, 62, 66, 67, 69, 72, 83 e 84. O tipo mais prevalente no grupo de alto risco foi HPV-66 e no grupo de baixo risco HPV-6 e 83. Em relação aos fatores de risco, o tabagismo foi o único fator considerado significativo [OR (CI) = 10,04 (1,98 - 50,92), p>0,01] para a infecção do HPV oral em homens infectados pelo HIV em São Paulo, Brasil Discussão: A prevalência do HPV oral é altamente variável em decorrência de fatores como método de coleta e análises das amostras. Apesar de dados sobre a infecção pelo HPV em homens serem escassos, estudos mostram que grande parte dos homens brasileiros são infectados pelo vírus. O fator de risco principal é a exposição sexual de risco, porém, outros fatores são considerados como possíveis para aquisição do HPV como o tabagismo, consumo excessivo de álcool e a infecção pelo HIV. Conclusão:. A prevalência do HPV oral nos indivíduos estudados foi de 3,5%, e dentre os tipos encontrados, a maioria não são encontrados na vacina do HPV comercialmente disponível. Human Papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted infection worlwide. The natural history of oral HPV infection is unclear and its risk factors have not been explored. Immunocompromised people, as exemplified by HIV patients, are at high risk for HPV-infection. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HPV in the oral tract of HIV-1-positive male subjects and its association with risk factors. Case series: A total of 283 oral wash samples were analyzed. All samples were processed by washing processes, DNA extraction, DNA amplification by conventional PCR (MY 09/11), agarose gel electrophoresis and HPV DNA positive samples were submitted to HPV genotyping by hybridization. Results: HPV genotyping revealed of types 06, 16, 44, 51, 56, 58, 62, 66, 67, 72, 83 and 84; major high risk HPV type identified was HPV-66 and low risk types were HPV-6 and 83. Regarding risk factors, smoking was the only risk factor considered significant [OR (CI) = 10,04 (1,98 - 50,92), p>0,01] for the oral HPVinfection in HIV-1-infected subjects in São Paulo, Brazil. Discussion: The prevalence of oral HPV is highly variable due to factors such as method of collection and analysis. Although data on HPV infection in men are scarce, studies show that most Brazilian men are infected by the virus. The main risk factors are unprotected sexual intercourse, but other factors for this infection have been described elsewhere including smoking, alcohol consumption and HIV-positive serostatus. Conclusion: the prevalence of oral HPV in the individuals studied was 3.5% and among the types analyzed, most are not found in HPV vaccine commercially available.

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Lopez, Corina Reyes. "Effects of a Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management Intervention on the Psychological, Endocrinological, and Immunological Health of Minority Women Co-infected with HIV and HPV." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/63.

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Women infected with HIV are at an increased risk for infection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), developing cervical lesions, and developing cervical cancer. Prior research has suggested disruptions in the immune system as well as circulating levels of stress and gonadal hormones as possible explanations for the increase of HPV infection in women with HIV. Additionally, psychosocial factors such as symptoms of depression and distress have also been associated with HPV infection, as well as disruptions in immune and endocrinologial systems, suggesting a psychoneuroimmunological pathway to disease progression. It was hypothesized that HIV+HPV+ women assigned to a Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) intervention will experience improvements in disease status, immune markers, circulating stress hormones, and reductions of depression and distress symptoms. An exploratory investigation of the effects of CBSM in levels circulating reproductive hormones was also tested. Follow-up hypotheses tested whether CBSM effects on immune variables were explained by reductions in symptoms of depression, distress, NE, cortisol, and increases of DHEA-S. Additionally, it was hypothesized that CBSM effects on stress hormones would be mediated by reductions in distress and depression symptoms. Finally, it was hypothesized that improvements in immune parameters would be correlated with decreases in risk of cervical dysplasia at a 9 month follow-up. Participants were 71 women co-infected with HIV and HPV that were mostly of African American, Haitian, Latina, and Caribbean descent. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed and showed a significant CBSM effect in decreases on BDI somatic depression subscale scores and increases in NK cell counts. Additionally, there was a marginally significant effect of CBSM on increases in CD4+ T-cells and decreases in urinary NE output. The bootstrapping method evidenced a mediation model, where the relationship between group assignment and CD4+ cell counts was explained by lower BDI somatic scores. More research is necessary to fully elucidate the psychobiological trajectories of disease as immunological changes in our sample did not explain the reduced odds of dysplasia in the women assigned to the CBSM group.

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Smith, Lisa G. "HPV knowledge of college females and their intention to receive the HPV vaccination." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1399190.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the HPV knowledge of college women and their intentions to receive the HPV vaccination.An original data collection instrument was created. This instrument consisted of nine HPV knowledge questions, one intention to receive the vaccine stage question, and three demographic questions. Data were collected during Fall semester of 2007. The participants of this study were females (n=361) who were enrolled in an introductory personal health course. There was a statistically significant difference in intentions to receive the vaccine stage and HPV knowledge level. Those females who had higher mean knowledge scores were more likely to have made a decision about receiving the vaccine or they are still trying to decide. Those females who had lower mean knowledge scores were more likely to be unaware of the vaccine or have not thought about receiving the vaccine. Department of Physiology and Health Science

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Vianna, Leonora Maciel de Souza. "Citologia e infecção pelo HPV em orofaringe de pacientes HIV-positivo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/20008.

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, 2015. Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-03-10T17:13:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_LeonoraMacieldeSouzaVianna.pdf: 2288433 bytes, checksum: 19801b22ec725db98f87885aae6729ce (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2016-04-25T12:56:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_LeonoraMacieldeSouzaVianna.pdf: 2288433 bytes, checksum: 19801b22ec725db98f87885aae6729ce (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T12:56:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_LeonoraMacieldeSouzaVianna.pdf: 2288433 bytes, checksum: 19801b22ec725db98f87885aae6729ce (MD5) A Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA), infecção causada pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana, tem comportamento pandêmico, sendo um problema de saúde pública. Considerando que pacientes com SIDA têm maior chance de desenvolver neoplasias e que a imunodeficiência poderia facilitar a permanência do Papiloma vírus (HPV) em orofaringe destes pacientes, o objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar a infecção pelo HPV e lesões a ele relacionadas em orofaringe de paciente HIV positivos. Foram avaliados 100 pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de DIP/SIDA do HUB. Os dados demográficos, clínicos, hábitos e perfil sócio comportamental foram avaliados por meio de um questionário estruturado. A coleta para a análise citológica (citologia convencional, em meio líquido e imunocitoquímica) e molecular (captura híbrida e PCR) foi feita em orofaringe com escovas. Para as análises citológicas utilizou-se os critérios de Bethesda. A imunocitoquímica avaliou a expressão da proteína p16INK4. A captura híbrida pesquisou o DNA-HPV de alto e baixo risco. A verificação do DNA do HPV pelo PCR utilizou o primer GP5+/6+. Os HPVs de alto e baixo risco foram detectados em 8,2% e 16,7% das amostras respectivamente. A média±dp (máximo-mínimo) da relação RLU/CO (estimativa da carga viral) para os HPVs de alto risco e baixo risco foi, respectivamente, 2,9±2,58 (1,09 - 7,87) e 1,61±0,65 (1,07 - 2,68). Houve positividade para HPV de alto e baixo risco na mesma amostra em dois casos. Não houve diferença significativa quanto a frequência de HPV em relação ao gênero e aos grupos etários. A incidência de HPV foi maior em pacientes heterossexuais (7%) porém ela só foi significativa em mulheres heterossexuais. Nenhuma mulher homossexual foi HPV-positiva e não houve mulheres bissexuais na presente amostra. Não fumantes tiveram 10,6 vezes mais chances de ter HPV. Quanto maior foi a contagem de CD4+ maior a chance dos pacientes apresentarem HPV de baixo risco. Pacientes que não consumiam álcool tiveram quase 15 vezes maior risco de apresentar HPV de baixo risco. Pacientes com menos de um parceiro por ano apresentaram associação (p≤0,003) com o HPV. Não houve associação entre a infecção oral pelo HPV e a presença de lesão oral, uso de terapia antirretroviral, maconha, outras drogas, coitos oral e anal, uso de preservativo e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST). A citologia convencional não mostrou lesões displásicas, observando-se a presença de atipias de significado indeterminado (ASC-US) em 2 amostras. A presença de atipias citolólgicas na citologia convencional mostra que o exame citológico pode ser um método eficiente para detectar lesões iniciais em orofaringe, podendo a captura híbrida ser utilizada para detectar a presença do HPV, da mesma forma como é utilizada no colo uterino. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The AIDS infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus have a pandemic behavior and has become a public health problem. Considering that AIDS patients are more likely to develop cancer and that immune deficiency could facilitate HPV permanence in the oropharyngeal of these patients, the objective of this study was to investigate HPV infection and related injuries with in HIV-positive in oropharynx. We evaluated 100 patients treated at outpatient DIP/AIDS HUB. The demographic, clinical and behavioral partners habits profile were assessed using a structured questionnaire. The collect for cytological (conventional cytology, immunocytochemistry and base liquid) and molecular (PCR and hybrid capture) analysis were performed in oropharynx with brushes. For cytological analysis the Bethesda’s criteria had been used. Immunocytochemistry assessed the expression of the p16INK4 protein. The hybrid capture researched the high HPV DNA and low risk. Verification of DNA in 100 samples was performed using the primer GP5+/6+. HPV high and low risk were detected in 8.2% and 16.7% of the samples respectively. Those with high-risk and low-risk HPV, the mean ± SD (high-low) of the relationship RLU / CO (estimate viral load) was respectively 2.9 ± 2.58 (1.09 to 7.87) and 1.61 ± 0.65 (1.07 to 2.68). There were positive for HPV high and low risk in the same sample in two cases. There was no significant difference in the frequency of HPV in relation to gender and age group. The incidence of HPV was larger in heterosexual patients (7%) but there were significant only in heterosexual women. No homosexual women was HPV-positive and there was no bisexual women in this sample. No smokers had 10.6 times more chance to have HPV. The higher the CD4+ count greater the chance of patients have low-risk HPV. Patients who did not consume alcohol were almost 15 times higher risk of having low-risk HPV. Patients with less than one partner per year were associated (p≤0.003) with HPV. There was no association between oral HPV infection and the presence of oral lesion, use of antiretroviral therapy, marijuana, other drugs, oral and anal intercourse, condom use and STDs. The conventional cytology showed no dysplastic lesions but observed the presence of atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) in 2 samples. Cytologic atypias features in conventional cytology reveals that cytological examination can be an efficient method to detect early lesions in the oropharynx and hybrid capture can be used to detect the presence of HPV in the same manner as used in the cervix.

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das, Graças de Fátima Cavalcante Castor Maria. "Lesões provocadas pelo HPV em mucosas anogenital em pacientes HIV negativas." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/8477.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:00:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4089_1.pdf: 5136740 bytes, checksum: 431f2d1b5e10c745dd986354656ff670 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 O papillomavirus humano (HPV) é o principal causador do câncer cervical e também está associado com o desenvolvimento do câncer anal e vaginal. A vagina é um órgão que, devido a sua topografia, encontra-se em estreita relação com o colo de útero, e por isto, sujeito a infecção pelo HPV. O câncer vaginal é extremamente incomum e o de menor freqüência na mulher, em torno de 1% das neoplasias malignas do trato genital feminino. O câncer de canal anal também pode ser considerado incomum, e sua incidência na população geral atinge em torno de 1,5% dos tumores do sistema digestivo inferior e 2% a 4% entre os tumores colorretais. Apesar disso, o câncer anal vem nos últimos anos apresentando um aumento progressivo de sua incidência, principalmente no sexo feminino. Trabalhos científicos onde o canal anal seja o foco ainda são poucos, principalmente quando se refere a mulheres imunocompetentes. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar sobre as lesões provocadas pelo HPV no canal anal de mulheres negativas para o vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida (HIV) e portadoras da neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical grau 3 (NIC3) ou vaginal grau 2 (NIVA2). Foram avaliadas 122 mulheres voluntárias, onde 114 tinham NIC3 e 08 NIVA2. No caso de detecção de lesão anuscópica pelo exame de anuscópia de magnificação, realizou-se biópsia do tecido anal para diagnóstico histológico e análise molecular para o HPV. Os resultados histológicos do canal anal mostraram a neoplasia intra-epitelial grau 1 (NIA1) em 20,2%, NIA2/3 9,5% e a presença do HPV em 9,4% das amostras. A análise molecular destas amostras foi positiva em 12,2%, 5,4% e 6,8% respectivamente; enquanto nas amostras de NIC3 e NIVA2 obtivemos 27,2% e 75% de positividade. Tais dados sugerem que o HPV seja responsável pelas lesões prémalignas do canal anal, cervical e vaginal possivelmente pela circulação viral nestas regiões

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Martins, Albert Eduardo Silva. "Avaliação prognóstica do índice de dna em amostras cervicais de mulheres coinfectadas HIV-HPV atendidas em centros de referência para HIV-AIDS em Recife." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11687.

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Submitted by Ramon Santana (ramon.souza@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-10T17:05:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE Albert Eduardo Silva Martins.pdf: 1520089 bytes, checksum: 6f85e6e88a6376e89af5aebd3d4d29fb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-10T17:05:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE Albert Eduardo Silva Martins.pdf: 1520089 bytes, checksum: 6f85e6e88a6376e89af5aebd3d4d29fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-30 Pacientes HIV-positivo possuem uma maior prevalência de co-infecção por HPV de alto risco oncogênico. A presença viral favorece a progressão de lesões escamosas intra-epiteliais e podem induzir ao câncer. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência, distribuição dos tipos virais e fatores de risco para a infecção pelo HPV em pacientes infectados por HIV. Amostras cervicais de 450 mulheres infectadas pelo HIV foram analisadas quanto à citologia oncótica, colposcopia, presença e tipagem de HPV através de PCR e sequenciamento utilizando os iniciadores MY09 e MY11. Os resultados foram analisados comparando dados demográficos, e outros relacionados com a infecção pelo HPV e HIV. A prevalência de HPV foi de 47,5%. Das amostras positivas para o HPV, 59% albergavam tipos de alto risco oncogênico. Análise multivariada confirmou a associação da infecção pelo HPV com a presença de alterações à citologia (p=0,003), idade maior ou igual a 35 anos (p=0,002); número de parceiros maior que três (p=0,002); contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ < 200/mm3 (p=0,041), e etilismo (p=0,004). Apesar da presença de HPV de alto risco na maioria das lesões estudadas, a baixa freqüência de HPV 16 (3,3%) e o estado imunológico preservado na maioria das pacientes HIV-positivas, são fatores que podem explicar a baixa ocorrência de lesões cervicais pré-cancerosas nessa população. A persistência da infecção cervical por tipos de alto risco oncogênicos de papiloma vírus humano (HPV) pode levar a neoplasisas intra-epitliais cervicais (NIC). O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar, em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV, se a presença de aneuploidia em amostras de células cervicais está associda à presença e à evolução de NIC. O presente estudo constou de 2 etapas. Na primeira etapa, correspondendo a um corte transversal , analisou-se a associação entre a presença de aneuloidia por citometria de fluxo e características sócio-demográficas, hábitos e características ligadas à infecção pelo HPV e HIV. Na segunda etapa, correspondendo a uma coorte, verificou-se se a aneuploidia era preditiva da evolução da NIC. Não observou-se associação entre a presença de aneuploidia e a infecção por HPV, nem com alterações à citologia oncótica. Por outro lado, a aneuploidia esteve associada à presença de NIC (p=0,03?) no exame histológico e ao não uso de TARV (p=0,001). A maioria das mulheres infectadas por HIV (234/272) apresentaram contagem de linfócito T CD4+ normal (acima de 350células /mm3) e mostraram uma maior taxa de regressão (77,5%) da aneuploidia comparadas à taxa de progressão (23,9%) em até dois anos de seguimento. Embora tenha sido encontrada uma associação entre a presença da lesão tecidual cervical e o índice de DNA, este não foi preditivo da evolução da lesão cervical, sugerindo que a progressão da lesão cervical para o câncer em mulheres HIV-positivas também pode ser alterada pela melhoria do estado imunológico propiciado pelo uso de terapia anti-retrovirial (TARV).

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Melli, Patrícia Pereira dos Santos. "Tratamento das lesões intra-epiteliais cervicais de alto grau com cirurgia de alta freqüência em mulheres portadoras ou não do vírus da imunodeficiência humana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-27092013-151105/.

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Introdução: Sabe-se que a elevada prevalência da infecção pelo HPV na população sexualmente ativa, associa-se ao desenvolvimento delesões intra-epiteliais cervicais de alto grau e de baixo grau (LIEAG e LIABG). A cirurgia dealta freqüência (CAF) veio contribuir para o tratamento da LIE, substituindo práticas invasivas e onerosas. A população contaminada pelo HPV é composta por pacientes imunocompetentes e imunodeprimidas, especialmente as infectadas pelo HIV, que poderão ter diferente resposta a esta cirurgia. Objetivos:Avaliar a efetividade da CAF no tratamento das LIEAG no colo uterino e a taxa de complicações tardias dessa modalidade terapêutica em pacientes portadoras ou não do HIV e avaliar se a infecção HIV favorece a persistência de LIEAG após a CAF. Pacientes e Métodos: Estudo observacional prospectivo longitudinal onde foram selecionadas 97 pacientes portadoras de LIEAGe tratadas com CAF divididas em dois grupos: 38 pacientes portadoras do HIV e 59 não infectadas por esse vírus, todas atendidas em Hospital Universitário de referência terciária. As pacientes foram submetidas a CAF e reavaliadas com coleta de colpocitologia e colposcopia com três, seis, nove e 12 meses após o procedimento. As taxas de efetividade da CAF consideraram a evolução da doença cervical ao longo do seguimento desses dois grupos de pacientes por um ano. Resultados:Após o seguimento de 12 meses foram observadas situações de cura (citologia e colposcopia normais), melhora (citologia e/ou comcolposcopia com sinais de infecção HPV ou LIEBG) ou de piora da LIEAG inicial (lesão microinvasora/invasora). Sendo assim, foram obtidos para as pacientes portadoras do HIV: 56,7% de cura; 32,4% de melhora e nenhum caso de piora após o tratamento inicial. Para as pacientes não portadoras do HIV os resultados foram: 75,8% de cura; 13,8% demelhora e 1,7% de piora, indicando desfecho clínico mais favorável entre as pacientes não portadoras do HIV (X 2 , p= 0,02). As taxas de estenose de canal cervical entre as pacientes portadoras do HIV (13,5%) não foram estatisticamente diferentes daquelas observadas entre as pacientes não portadoras do HIV (10,5%). A excisão completa da LIE que motivou a CAF ocorreu em 69 (71,2%) pacientes. Entretanto, 21 (21,7%) mulheres tiveram excisão incompleta com margens da peça cirúrgica comprometida pela LIE. Dessas 21 pacientes que apresentaram margens da peça cirúrgica comprometidas apenas cinco tiveram necessidade de novo tratamento. Também foram submetidas a novo tratamento três das mulheres que tiveram margens cirúrgicas livres da peça excisada e uma paciente com a margemcirúrgica carbonizada. Conclusões: Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos estudados em relação ao número de complicações após a realização da CAF e também na necessidade de novo tratamento no caso de mulheres portadoras do HIV. Entretanto, o desfecho clínico favorável (cura e melhora) para essa população estudada foi significativamente melhor para as pacientes não portadoras do HIV que para as infectadas por esse vírus após um ano de seguimento pós-CAF. A recidiva da LIEAG é mais freqüente em pacientes com margens cirúrgicas comprometidas, independente da presença da infecção pelo HIV. Introduction: It is known that the high prevalence of HPV infection in the sexually active population is associated with the development of high and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL and LSIL). Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) has contributed to the treatment of SIL, replacing invasive and expensive procedures. The population contaminated with HPV consists of immunocompetent and immunodepressed patients, especially HIV-infected patients, who may respond differently to this surgery Objectives:To assess the effectiveness of LEEP in the treatment of HSIL in the uterine cervix and the rate of late complications of this therapeutic modality in patients infected or not with HIV and to determine whether HIV infection predisposes to the persistence of HSIL after LEEP. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal observational study conducted on 97 patients with HSIL and treated with LEEP who were divided into two groups: 38 HIV-infected and 59 non-HIV-infected patients attended at a tertiary reference University Hospital. The patients were submitted to LEEP and re-evaluated bycolpocytology and colposcopy at three, six, nine and 12 months after the procedure.The rates of LEEP effectiveness were determined on the basis of the evolution of cervical disease along a one year follow-up of the two groups of patients Results:After a follow-up of 12 months, situations of cure (normal cytology and colposcopy), improvement (cytology and/or colposcopy with signs of HPV infection or HSIL) or of worsening of the original HSIL (microinvasive/invasive lesion) were observed. On this basis, the followingresults were obtained for HIV-infected patients: 55.2% of cure, 34.3% of improvement and no case of worsening after the initial treatment. For non-HIV-infected patients, the results were: 75.4% of cure, 14.1% of improvement and 1.7% of worsening, indicating a more favorable clinical outcome among non-HIV-infected patients (X 2 , p= 0.02). The rates of cervical canal stenosis among HIV-infected patients (13.5%) did not differ significantly from those among non-HIV-infected patients (10.5%). Complete excision of the SIL that motivated LEEP occurred in 69 (71.2%) patients. However, in 21 (21.7%) women, excision was incomplete, with SIL involvement of the margins of the surgical piece. Of these 21 patients with compromised surgical piece margins, only five required new treatment. Three of the women whose surgical margins were freeof disease and one patient with a carbonized surgical margin were also submitted to new treatment. Conclusions:No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups regarding the number of complications after LEEP or also regarding the need for new treatment among HIV-infected women. However, a favorable clinical outcome (cure and improvement) for this population was significantly better for non-HIV-infected patients than for HIV-infected patients after one year of post-LEEP follow-up. HSIL recurrence was more frequent among patients with involved surgical margins regardless of the presence of HIV infection.

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Nilsson, Jenny, and Elisabeth Hävermark. "Humant papillomvirus : Gymnasieelevers kunskaper om och attityder till HPV, HPV-vaccin, kondomanvändning och cellprovtagning." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-105454.

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Purpose: To assess awareness and attitudes regarding HPV, HPV-vaccines, use of condom and participation in pap-smear screening among high-school students in Uppsala County. The intention was also to investigate if there were any differences between students at theoretical programmes and vocational programmes.Methods: 608 students from seven high-schools in Uppsala County answered a questionnaire covering demographics, awareness and attitudes regarding HPV, HPV-vaccine, use of condoms and pap-smear tests.Results: A majority of the students had never heard of HPV (86 %, n=521), HPV-vaccine (94 %, n=537) or the link between HPV and cervical cancer (88 %, n=563). Most respondents had a positive attitude towards HPV-vaccine (84 %, n=508), but the biggest obstacle was the high cost (37 %, n=227). The students believed that it was less likely that they would use a condom with a new partner if vaccinated (mean=78, SD=26, p<0.001), or if they or their partner used contraceptive pills (mean=62, SD=32, p<0.001) compared to how likely it was that they would use a condom in general with a new partner. The girls rated the probability that they would participate in a pap-smear screening as relatively low if vaccinated (mean=59 SD=27). Students at theoretical programmes had better knowledge about HPV and HPV-vaccines. They were also more positive to the use of condoms and participation in pap-smear screening. Furthermore, more students at theoretical programmes (11%, n=46) than at vocational programmes (9%, n=16) planned to be vaccinated (p=0.048).Conclusion: The awareness regarding HPV and HPV-vaccine was low among high school students in Uppsala County, especially among students at vocational programmes. More information is required to increase the awareness and motivation to use condoms and participate in pap-smear screening.

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Holzhauser, Stefan. "Effect of ionising radiation on HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer cell lines." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/120510/.

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In recent decades, the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has increased world-wide. Overall, HPV-positive OPSCC patients respond better to treatment (increased survival rate) compared to HPV-negative patients. This might be partially associated with a deficiency in repair of double-strand DNA breaks, and/or with residual p53 activity in HPV-positive tumours. However new studies, specific to HPV-positive OPSCC, are limited due to the low number of relevant OPSCC in-vitro models. The general aims of this study were to develop new HPV-positive OPSCC cell lines and use them, together with established OPSCC cell lines, to investigate responses to ionising radiation (IR). These experiments were intended to test that HPV-positive OPSCC cell lines were more sensitive to IR than HPV-negative OPSCC cell lines. Two novel OPSCC cell lines, one HPV-positive and one HPV-negative, were derived and characterised. The HPV-positive OPSCC cell lines demonstrated greater variation in radio-sensitivity compared to HPV-negative OPSCC cell lines. However, radio-sensitivity was not associated with p53 accumulation and/or cell cycle arrest. All HPV-positive OPSCC cell lines showed G2 arrest after IR, but so did several HPV-negative lines. The mRNA sequencing data confirmed expression of HPV oncogenes and integration of HPV DNA into the host genome, with an increase of integration sites after IR. Comparison of irradiated HPV-positive and HPV-negative cell lines did not show consistent differences in gene expression associated with DNA repair. The transcription of DNA repair factors did not correlate with radio-sensitivity within the HPV-positive cell lines. The study was successful in generating and characterising new OPSCC cell lines but did not find evidence that the better prognosis of HPV-positive tumours is associated with defects in DNA repair. This suggests that additional mechanisms may be responsible for the improved prognosis of HPV-positive OPSCC patients following treatment.

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Vidotti, Lisandra Rocha. "DETECÇÃO DE DNA-HPV NA MUCOSA ORAL E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM DNA-HPV GENITAL." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2012. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1166.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:16:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO Lisandra Rocha Vidotti.pdf: 838582 bytes, checksum: 45de3f3ca6ccb3eb1c1e83766e212116 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-03 FUNDAÇÃO SOUSÂNDRADE DE APOIO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA UFMA Background: Human Pappilomavirus infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted disease, and can be found at various anatomical sites, such as the anogenital tract, skin, larynx, conjunctiva, tracheobronchial mucosa, esophagus and oral cavity. The path of HPV transmission to the oral cavity is not completely understood, and so many studies are being undertaken aiming to clarify if the genital infection by the virus may be a predisposing factor. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional cohort study. The sample consisted of women attending in ambulatory of the Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas-CEPEC / HUUFMA. After signing the TCLE, all patients answered a questionnaire about social information, medical history, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and sexual behavior and were also subjected to collection of cellular material from the oral cavity and genital area for research of Desoxirribonucleic Acid by polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). Results And Conclusions: The prevalence of human papillomavirus in the oral cavity was higher in women with genital HPV. With a significant association between the presence of oral HPV DNA and genital HPV DNA: The practice of oral sex, smoking and drinking were not related to the presence of HPV DNA in the oral cavity. Introdução: A infecção pelo Vírus do Papiloma Humano (HPV) é uma das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis mais prevalentes no mundo, e pode ser encontrada em vários sítios anatômicos, como trato anogenital, pele, laringe, conjuntiva, mucosa traqueobrônquica, esôfago e cavidade oral. A via de transmissão do HPV para a cavidade oral ainda não está completamente compreendida, e por isso, diversas pesquisas, estão sendo realizadas objetivando esclarecer se a infecção genital por este vírus pode ser um fator predisponente. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte transversal: A amostra foi constituída por mulheres atendidas no Ambulatório de Ginecologia do Centro de Pesquisa Clínica do Hospital Universitário da UFMA (CEPEC/HUUFMA). Após assinarem o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE), todas as pacientes responderam um questionário sobre informações sociais, história médica, hábitos de tabagismo, consumo alcóolico e comportamento sexual e também foram submetidas a coleta de material celular da cavidade oral e da região genital para pesquisa do ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) do HPV pela técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Resultados e Conclusões: A prevalência do HPV na cavidade oral foi maior nas portadoras de HPV nos genitais, com associação significativa entre a presença do DNA-HPV oral com o DNA-HPV genital: A prática de sexo oral, o tabagismo e o etilismo não estiveram relacionados à presença do DNA-HPV na cavidade oral.

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Bouveret, Carolin. "HPV-Infektionen der männlichen Urethra." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-69841.

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Oliveira, Cristina Mendes de. "Existe câncer cervical HPV negativo?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-01032012-111445/.

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O câncer no colo do útero é o segundo tipo de neoplasia maligna mais prevalente nas mulheres no mundo todo e o seu rastreamento é realizado através do exame microscópico das células esfoliadas da mucosa cervical, o teste de Papanicolaou. Partindo-se da premissa que a infecção por Papilomavírus Humano oncogênico (HRHPV) é condição necessária para o desenvolvimento desta neoplasia, tem-se avaliado a possibilidade de empregar-se para a mesma finalidade, o rastreio, métodos que detectam o material genético viral. Estudos recentes demonstraram que estes testes moleculares apresentam maior sensibilidade e a substituição do teste citológico pelos moleculares vem ocorrendo em alguns países. O monitoramento da resposta ao tratamento das pacientes com câncer cervical é realizado por meio de testes inespecíficos como exames de imagem. Portanto, é desejável o desenvolvimento de um teste específico, não invasivo capaz de detectar precocemente a recidiva. Este estudo investigou a freqüência e os tipos de HPV presentes em tumores cervicais de pacientes brasileiras, e verificou a ocorrência de resultados HPV-negativos pelos testes moleculares, procurando investigar as causas de possíveis falhas dos testes. Além disso, padronizou e avaliou uma reação de PCR em tempo real capaz detectar o DNA do HPV-16 e 18 no plasma das pacientes. Foram incluídas no estudo 104 pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado de câncer cervical atendidas em três hospitais oncológicos do Estado de São Paulo, ICESP, IBCC e HC-Barretos, no período de novembro de 2009 a julho de 2011. Foram coletados um fragmento do tumor cervical e sangue total. O DNA extraído dos tumores foi submetido a genotipagem do HPV por meio da utilização dos kits Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test (LA) e PapilloCheck®, além de PCRs tipo específicas para HPV-16, 18 e 45. Amostras que apresentaram resultado HPV-negativo no PapilloCheck®, tiveram parte da região E1 seqüenciada para verificar potenciais causas do resultado falso-negativo. A amostra de plasma das pacientes que apresentavam HPV-16 e/ou 18 no tecido tumoral foi submetida à PCR em tempo real para avaliar a presença do DNA do HPV no plasma. Das 104 amostras de tecido tumoral, 103 foram positivas para HPV, sendo que os HPV-16 e 18, como infecção simples, foram os encontrados com maior freqüência (48,5%). Os testes LA e PapilloCheck® apresentaram 65,4% de concordância total. O PapilloCheck® apresentou 12,5% de resultados falso-negativos (N=13). A principal hipótese para explicar esses resultados é a presença de mutações na região de hibridização dos iniciadores e/ou das sondas. A reação de PCR em tempo real específica para HPV-16 e 18 padronizada no estudo apresentou baixa sensibilidade, mas alta especificidade e não deve ser utilizada como teste diagnóstico para o câncer cervical. A relação entre DNA de HPV no plasma e o prognóstico da paciente deve ser explorada no futuro Invasive cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and screening programs are based on microscopical examination of cells exfoliated from the cervical mucosa, the Papanicolaou test. Since the infection by an oncogenic HPV (HR-HPV) has been shown to be necessary for the development of this neoplasia, molecular assays are being evaluated for the same application, primary screening. Indeed, recent studies showed these methods to be more sensitive and therefore are replacing the cytological test in many countries. Post treatment surveillance of invasive cervical cancer patients are made by unspecific tests as imaging exams. Hence, the development of a specific non invasive test able to detect premature recurrence is desired. This study investigated the HPV frequency and types on invasive cervical tumors among Brazilian patients observing the occurrence of HPV-negative results on molecular tests, trying to addrees the causes for the putative failures. Moreover, we standardized and evaluated a real time PCR method for HPV-16 and 18 DNA detection on patients plasma. One hundred and four women with invasive cervical cancer were recruited in three oncologic hospitals from São Paulo State, ICESP, IBCC and HCBarretos, in between November 2009 and July 2011. Tumor tissue and whole blood were collected. DNA extracted from the tumors were submitted to HPV detection and genotyping tests such as the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test (LA) and PapilloCheck®, besides type specific PCRs for HPV-16, 18 e 45. Samples that showed an HPV-negative result on the PapilloCheck® were submitted to direct sequencing of E1 region to verify potential mismatches responsible for that. Plasma samples from patients with tumor tissue positive for HPV-16 and/or 18 were submitted to the real time PCR to evaluate the HPV DNA presence on plasma. Out of 104 cervical carcinomas, 103 were HPV positive, HPV-16 and 18, as single infection, were the most frequent types observed (48.5%). LA and PapilloCheck® showed 65.4% of total agreement. PapilloCheck® displaied 12.5% of false-negative results (N=13). The major hypothesis to explain these results is the presence of mismatches to the primers and/or probes annealing regions. Real time PCR specific for HPV-16 and 18 developed in this study showed low sensitivity, but a high specificity and cannot be used as an invasive cervical cancer diagnostic tool. The relationship between the presence of HPV DNA in the plasma and the patient prognostic shall be evaluated in the future

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Kennedy, Paul. "HPV pseudovirion production in plants." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6668.

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Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the most common etiological agent of cervical cancer, the most common cancer in women in Africa. The lifecycle of HPV has historically made the virus difficult to culture in vitro, and this has hindered the study of the virus, as well as development of vaccines. The development of synthetic HPV particles, such as virus-like particles (VLPs) and more recently pseudovirions (PsVs), has allowed for unprecedented insights into the lifecycle and immunology of this virus. This has led to the development of two currently available vaccines, namely Cervarix™ and Gardasil®. Cervarix offers protection against high-risk HPV types 16 and 18, while Gardasil offers further protection against types 6 and 11. Both of these vaccines are based on major capsid protein L1 Virus-like particles (VLPs). While these vaccines show no loss of efficacy, further work is underway to develop a second generation HPV vaccine that is cheap, stable and displays cross-neutralising activity across a broader range of HPV types. The recent efficient methods for intracellular production of HPV PsVs encapsidating nonpapillomaviral DNA (pseudogenomes) has allowed for development of a robust and sensitive pseudovirion-based neutralisation assay (PBNA), which has become the gold standard neutralisation assay for the testing of candidate HPV vaccines. The currently accepted PsV production method utilises mammalian cell culture to produce HPV PsVs, encapsidating a SEAP reporter plasmid, at high titres. While this is an effective method of PsV production, mammalian cell culture is expensive and time-consuming. Transient recombinant protein expression in plants offers a rapid and cost-effective alternative to mammalian cell culture. Here, we developed a method of high-titre HPV PsV production in plants. The autonomously replicating plant vector, pRIC3, was modified to include mammalian reporter cassettes encoding luc or SEAP, for the production of reporter pseudogenomes DNA in plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression. The SEAP and luc cassettes were introduced into pRIC3 upstream of the plant cassette, which was included only to increase the final pseudogenome size for efficient packaging into PsVs. The SEAP cassette was also introduced into pRIC3 in place of the plant cassette, to form a smaller pseudogenome. Thus three vectors were created, namely pRIC3-mSEAP+ (6.4Kbp pseudogenome), pRIC3-mluc+ (7.4Kbp pseudogenome), and pRIC3-mSEAP (4.8Kbp pseudogenome), which would produce pseudogenomes that covered the full range of plasmid sizes incorporated by assembling HPV capsid proteins in vivo. All three replicating vectors demonstrated the formation of a replicon, and autonomous replication, in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Each of these vectors were co-infiltrated with the non-replicating transient plant expression constructs pTRAc-hL1 and pTRAc-hL2, which encode human-codon optimised forms of HPV-16 major and minor capsid proteins, respectively. It was expected that encapsidation of replicon DNA as a pseudogenome into assembling HPV particles would result in the production of HPV PsVs in planta. In addition, L1 and L2 were expressed in the absence of replicon DNA to form L1/L2 VLPs. Particles were extracted from plant material at four days post-infiltration, using a modified VLP extraction protocol. HPV particles were separated on the basis of isopycnic caesium chloride density gradient ultracentrifugation, dialysed against high-salt PBS and identified by fractionation and probing with an anti-L1 antibody. Particles corresponding to the buoyant density of pseudovirions were seen in samples with or without replicon DNA. Western blotting showed that all particles had incorporated both L1 and L2 proteins. Particles were digested with proteinase K to release encapsidated pseudogenome DNA and PCR confirmed the presence of replicon-specific DNA in each PsV. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of HPV-16 PsVs in all samples. To test whether plant-produced HPV-16 PsVs could be used in pseudovirion-based neutralisation assays, mammalian cells were pseudoinfected with purified mSEAP, mSEAP+ or mluc+ PsVs. mSEAP and mluc+ PsVs elicited a reporter gene response in mammalian cells 72 hours post-infection using SEAP and luciferase assays, respectively, while mSEAP+ PsVs showed no reporter gene expression in mammalian cells. PsVs incubated with a known HPV-16 neutralising antibody showed partial neutralisation of mSEAP PsVs and complete neutralisation of mluc+ PsVs To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of production of HPV PsVs in plants, and their use in a PBNA. Further, it is the first demonstration of production of HPV L1/L2 VLPs in plants. While much work remains to improve plant production and purification methods of PsVs, as well as mammalian expression following PsV pseudoinfection, this is an important step towards a new method of PsV production.

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WEBER, LAURENCE. "Plurifocalite de l'infection a hpv." Amiens, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AMIEM043.

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Sharuga, Constance R., Tabitha Price, and Deborah Dotson. "Educate Your Patients about HPV." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2531.

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Excerpt: According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 20 million Americans are currently infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), and another 6 million will become newly infected each year.

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Meys, Rhonda. "Aspects of human papillomavirus (HPV) disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10730.

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Cutaneous and genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in HIV patients, on suppressive anti-retroviral therapy (ART), poses under-investigated clinical challenges. HPV in HIV may represent a form of immune reconstitution associated disease (IRAD). HPV disease and IRADs have been separately correlated with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotype. HLA might also influence HPV in HIV. Comprehensive HPV typing of persistent warts obtained from HIV infected and healthy subjects was performed. Cutaneous HPV types were detected using nested PCR/sequencing and newly developed (Luminex based) HSLPCR/ MPG; genital and beta HPV types were identified using a reverse hybridisation line probe assay. Real time PCR was employed to determine HPV DNA viral loads. HLA alleles were defined in HIV infected and healthy patients by Luminex-based molecular typing using DNA derived from blood. The HPV profile of cutaneous and genital HIV warts differs significantly from warts from healthy individuals. In HIV, HPV 7 has been confirmed to be an important HPV type in cutaneous warts (p=0.001). In genital warts in HIV, HPV 11 is the predominant HPV type (p=0.15) and HPV 6 is less common (p=0.002), contrasting with the usual finding that HPV 6 is the principal type in the general population. Cross-over of HPV types between cutaneous and genital sites suggests that HPV tropism is less important than previously thought. An excess of beta HPV types, predominantly as mixed infections, is seen in cutaneous warts in HIV (p<0.0005). The HLA class I allele group HLA-B*44 (as the allele HLA-B*44:02 and the haplotype HLA-B*44, -C*05) has been identified more frequently in HIV than in controls (p=0.004, allele group; p=0.0006, allele; p=0.001, haplotype). The class II allele HLA-DQB1*06 may also be of interest (p=0.03). However, the differences are reduced after correction for multiple testing. Further work is required to ascertain if these HPV types and alleles are of importance.

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Batman, Gavin. "The mode of action of the HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir against HPV." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-mode-of-action-of-the-hiv-protease-inhibitor-lopinavir-against-hpv(86fba8e8-c72e-45b5-936d-5b51c4c2e346).html.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) related cervical cancer is still the most common gynaecological malignancy in developing countries and, as yet, there is no alternative to surgery for the treatment of HPV-associated pre-malignant lesions. HPV 'hijacks' the host-cell ubiquitin-proteasome system to degrade the p53 and Rb tumour suppressor proteins which in turn, leads to the development of cancer. Previous studies have shown that the HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir selectively inhibits the chymotryptic-like activity of the 26S proteasome which stabilises p53 and induces the apoptosis of HPV positive cervical carcinoma cells. Based on this it was hypothesised that lopinavir treatment of HPV positive cervical carcinoma cells would produce changes in the levels of a wide range of cellular proteins that are dis-regulated by HPV-related activation of the proteasome. In order to address this, antibody microarray screening was carried out on lopinavir treated and control untreated HPV positive SiHa cervical carcinoma cells. This showed lopinavir induced alterations in 51 proteins including the cellular antiviral defence protein RNase L. Lopinavir induced both a dose and time dependent increase in RNase L which was subsequently confirmed by western blotting. Transient siRNA silencing of RNase L expression reduced the lopinavir-dependent toxicity in SiHa cells, suggesting an important role for this protein in the toxicity of lopinavir in HPV infected cells. SiHa cells were much more sensitive to lopinavir than CaSKi cervical carcinoma cells which had much higher levels of the E6 protein and did not up regulate RNase L. Furthermore, lopinavir treated HPV16 E6/E7 immortalised keratinocytes were also shown to up regulate RNase L protein expression and these cells were much more sensitive to lopinavir induced apoptosis than mortal control keratinocytes. In addition, transient expression of RNase L in RNase L-deficient C33A cells and the same cells stably transfected with HPV16 E6 (C33AE6) demonstrated that E6 protected these cells from RNaseL-induced cell death. Surprisingly, analysis of RNase L protein levels in these cells demonstrated that E6 did not induce the degradation of the RNase L protein. Instead it was found that E6 stabilised the interaction between RNase L and its endogenous inhibitor protein, ABCE1, and that lopinavir de-stabilised this interaction. Given that C33A tumour cells, E6/E7 immortalised keratinocytes and hTert immortalised keratinocytes are all sensitive to lopinavir, this implies that this compound does not specifically target HPV immortalised cells but rather targets immortalised cells in general, regardless of how this was achieved. The optimum concentration of lopinavir for all these effects was 25 μM, which is 15-fold higher than is observed in cervico-vaginal secretions following oral dosing with the drug Kaletra. In conclusion these results have confirmed the potential of lopinavir to treat HPV related pre-cancerous cervical lesions and provided at least part of the mode-of-action. Indeed they strongly support the use of lopinavir as a low-cost, self-applied topical alternative to surgery for this disease which will be of particular benefit in low-resource countries. Finally, the ability of lopinavir to induce apoptosis of non-HPV related immortalised cells merits further investigation since this indicates this drug may be useful for the treatment of other non HPV related pre-malignant conditions.

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Reimers, Jenny, and Johanna Brunn. "Kunskap och inställning till HPV och HPV-vaccination bland ungdomar som läser omvårdnadsprogrammet på gymnasiet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200427.

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Bakgrund HPV, humant papillomvirus, är den vanligast sexuellt överförbara sjukdomen i världen. HPV kan orsaka kondylom, vilket innebär könsvårtor, men det kan även ge gynekologiska cellförändringar som kan leda till livmoderhalscancer. Syfte Syftet var att undersöka vilken kunskap och inställning gymnasieelever, som inte ingår i vaccinationsåldern, hade till HPV och HPV-vaccination samt om det fanns några könsskillnader. Metod En kvantitativ enkätstudie genomfördes på en gymnasieskola i Uppsala, Sverige. Enkätdistribueringen skedde vid två tillfällen och 58 (98,3 %) ifyllda enkäter kunde inhämtas, varav 38 var flickor och 20 var pojkar. Resultat Flickorna på skolan hade en generellt högre andel rätt svar på enkäten, och totalt var det 21 (55,2 %) av flickorna som var vaccinerade medan endast 1 (5 %) av pojkarna. Av samtliga elever var det 22 (37,9 %) som kunde besvara frågan rätt angående hur många typer av HPV-virus det finns, dock kunde 51 (87,9 %) besvara frågan rätt om hur man skyddar sig mot HPV-viruset. Signifikant könsskillnad hittades i kunskapsfrågan gällande om HPV kan orsaka livmoderhalscancer (p<0,045) där flickorna hade flest rätt svar på frågan. Det var fler vaccinerade flickor jämfört med pojkar (p<0,001) och signifikant fler pojkar som kunde tänka sig att vaccineras (p<0,019). Majoriteten, 68 %, av eleverna var positiva till den befintliga HPV-vaccinationen. Slutsats Eleverna hade generellt sett en låg kunskapsnivå gällande HPV men trots det var det ändå mer än hälften av flickorna som var vaccinerade. Behov av ytterligare kunskap om HPV och HPV-vaccination till befolkningen behövs. Background HPV, human papilloma virus, is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world. HPV can cause genital warts and gynaecological dysplasia, which can lead to cervical cancer. Objective The objective was to describe the amount of knowledge the students had regarding HPV and the HPV-vaccination. Another objective was to describe how many of the students who were vaccinated and to study the existing attitudes towards HPV and the HPV-vaccination. The last objective was to compare whether there was any gender differences. Methods A quantitative survey study was conduced at an upper secondary school in Uppsala, Sweden. The distribution of the surveys occurred on two occasions and 58 (98,3 %) completed surveys were collected. Results The girls had a generally higher percentage of correct answers on the survey. About 55 % (n=21) of the girls were vaccinated but only 5 %(n=1) of the boys. Regarding how many types of HPV there are 22(37,9 %) of the students answered correctly, although 51 (87,9 %) knew how to protect themselves against a possible infection. Significant differences in gender were found in the question whether HPV can cause cervical cancer or not (p=0,045) and whether the students would be willing to take the vaccine or not (p=0,019). The majority of the students, 68 %, were in favour of the existing HPV vaccination. Conclusion Although the students generally had poor knowledge regarding HPV the majority of the girls had taken the vaccine. The need of further knowledge is vast.

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Stridh, Sandra, and Solvind Hammar. "Knowledge of Human papillomavirus (HPV) and attitudes towards HPV-vaccine among Thai female university students." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-214748.

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Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and causes 529.000 cases of cervical cancer every year. Nowadays, there are vaccines available to prevent infection. Knowledge of HPV influence the attitude towards the vaccine and is therefore a factor of accepting the vaccine. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge of HPV and attitudes towards HPV-vaccine among Thai female university students. Method: Descriptive and cross-sectional study with quantitative method using a questionnaire. Purposive sampling was used. The sample consisted of students from two different universities in Bangkok, Thailand and out of the 201 students whom filled in the questionnaire, 192 questionnaires were used. Result: There were 64.6% of the participants that had heard of HPV previously. Of these, the most common source of information was health professionals. The HPV-vaccine was known by 42.6% of the participants and 17.4% had taken the vaccination. Over 90% of the participants had a poor or moderate knowledge of HPV. In total, most of the participants in the sample were found to have a positive level of attitude towards the vaccine (72.4%). Almost all participants wanted to know more about HPV and the HPV-vaccine and 88.5% thought it was necessary for them to get the vaccination. Conclusion: As some gaps in knowledge among the participants were shown, the information to young women should be improved and aim to increase the motivation towards the use of preventive methods, such as taking the HPV-vaccine.

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Wong, Ting-yin, and 王婷妍. "HPV 16 and HPV 18 detection in cytology sample of follicular cervicitis using LAMP assay." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46632761.

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Carrillo-Ng, Hugo, Lorena Becerra-Goicochea, Yordi Tarazona-Castro, et al. "Variations in cervico-vaginal microbiota among HPV-positive and HPV-negative asymptomatic women in Peru." BioMed Central Ltd, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655810.

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Objective: To characterize the cervicovaginal microbiota of HPV-positive and HPV-negative asymptomatic Peruvian women, by identifying the presence of 13 representative bacteria genus. Results: A total of 100 HPV-positive and 100 HPV-negative women were matched by age for comparison of microbiota. The following bacteria were more frequently identified in HPV-positive patients compared to HPV-negative: Eubacterium (68 vs 32%), Actinobacteria (46 vs 33%), Fusobacterium (11 vs 6%) and Bacteroides (20 vs 13%). A comparison between high-risk and low-risk genotypes was performed and differences were found in the detection of Actinobacteria (50 vs 33.33%), Bifidobacterium (50 vs 20.83%) and Enterococcus (50 vs 29.17%). Revisión por pares

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Badial, Rodolfo Miglioli [UNESP]. "Detecção e genotipagem de Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) e sua relação com a ocorrência de lesões cervicais em mulheres coinfectadas com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149974.

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Submitted by Rodolfo Miglioli Badial null (julio.badial@terra.com.br) on 2017-03-24T21:47:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado - FINAL.pdf: 1167468 bytes, checksum: 3b67d890022ead79068bd864c511c2aa (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-29T13:24:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 badial_rm_me_sjrp.pdf: 1167468 bytes, checksum: 3b67d890022ead79068bd864c511c2aa (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-29T13:24:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 badial_rm_me_sjrp.pdf: 1167468 bytes, checksum: 3b67d890022ead79068bd864c511c2aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Os papilomavírus são vírus de DNA circular fita dupla com diâmetro de aproximadamente 55 nm e forma icosaédrica. São não envelopados e podem induzir tumores epiteliais escamosos em diferentes localizações anatômicas. Eles pertencem à família Papillomaviridae e possuem um genoma de cerca de oito mil pares de bases, protegidos por proteínas do capsídeo. Mais de 200 tipos diferentes de papilomavírus humano (HPV) foram identificados e classificados em dois grupos distintos, alto risco e baixo risco, dependendo de sua associação com o desenvolvimento de câncer. A integração genômica do HPV é um mecanismo de infecção viral persistente, que eventualmente se desenvolve na fase de cancerização. Trata-se de um processo tipicamente aleatório, e pode ocorrer em qualquer local no DNA da célula hospedeira. Em alguns casos, a integração pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento do carcinoma cervical, que é precedido por lesões precursoras como neoplasia intraepitelial cervical ou lesões intraepiteliais escamosas. As infecções crônicas pelo HPV podem ser facilitadas pela coinfecção com o HIV, o que reduz a probabilidade de eliminação espontânea do HPV. Com base nisso, foi investigada a presença do HPV, bem como o seu genótipo em 80 amostras, coletadas em dois anos diferentes, de 40 pacientes coinfectadas com HIV. Como resultado, foi observada a presença do HPV em 59 amostras (73,75%) na qual, os tipos de alto risco foram predominantemente detectados (59,3%). Os tipos mais frequentes foram HPV56 (17%) seguido pelo HPV16 (15,3%). Os resultados foram correlacionados com os fatores de risco associados a coinfecção HPV/HIV apresentados pelas pacientes. Nesta análise, a carga viral do HIV foi associada à ocorrência de lesões cervicais (p=0,045). Desta forma, pode-se concluir que a maior frequência do HPV56 e HPV16 evidencia a importância de incluir o tipo 56 nas vacinas HPV uma vez que o monitoramento das pacientes infectadas pelo HPV56 poderia contribuir para um melhor prognóstico para a infecção pelo HPV. A associação entre a carga viral do HIV e as lesões confirma a importância de monitorizar as doentes coinfectadas com HIV/HPV com carga viral elevada de HIV.

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Mirella, de Mattos Melo Suany. "Associação de polimorfismos nos genes MBL e β-defensina com infecção pelo HPV e/ou HIV em região anal e perianal." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1508.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:50:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo1547_1.pdf: 944166 bytes, checksum: da39d9541b222d67d2bd1bf6c2fab3cd (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 O papilomavírus humano (HPV) é um dos mais importantes agentes etiológicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento do câncer cervical. Dois dos principais fatores de risco envolvidos no desenvolvimento dessas neoplasias malignas são infecção pelo HPV e co-infecção com doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. O sistema imunológico é responsável pelo reconhecimento e eliminação de substâncias estranhas. A proteína ligadora de manose (MBL) é uma proteína sintetizada no fígado, sendo uma das vias de ativação do sistema complemento. Polimorfismos dentro da região gênica/promotora da MBL afetam a quantidade desta proteína dentro do soro, sendo associada com um importante elemento no aparecimento de várias doenças infecciosas. O gene hBD-1 é um candidato a um gene supressor tumoral encontrado alterado em 90% de câncer renal e 82% de câncer de próstata e polimorfismos dentro da região promotora têm sido associados à susceptibilidade a várias infecções virais. Sendo assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a existência de correlação entre polimorfismo do gene da MBL-2 e do gene da β -defensina-1 com a susceptibilidade às infecções por HPV, HIV e HPV/HIV através da metodologia da PCR em tempo real. Os resultados obtidos não demonstraram associação dos polimorfismos do gene MBL-2 nos grupos estudados (HIV positivo, HPV positivo, HPV/HIV positivos). Em relação ao polimorfismo da região -44 do gene HBD-1, verificou-se associação com a susceptibilidade apenas à infecção pelo HIV entre os grupos analisados

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Bergstrand, Anna-Sara, and Pettersson Siri Cordes. "”Kan man skydda sig mot någon form av cancer så ska man väl det.-” : Unga vaccinerade kvinnors kunskap om Humant Papillomvirus samt kunskap om och inställning till vaccination mot Humant Papillomvirus." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-271343.

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Bakgrund Humant papillomvirus (HPV) orsakar vårtor och är en vanligt förekommande könssjukdom världen över. Vaccination mot de vanligaste HPV-typerna som kan orsaka kondylom och leda till cancer ingår sedan 2012 i det allmänna vaccinationsprogrammet för flickor och unga kvinnor. Tidigare forskning visar att unga kvinnor trots låg kunskap om viruset, har en positiv inställning till vaccination. Syfte Att undersöka unga vaccinerade kvinnors kunskap om HPV samt deras kunskap om och inställning till HPV-vaccination. Metod En kvalitativ explorativ studie. The Health Belief Model användes som teoretisk modell. Individuella intervjuer med åtta unga kvinnor som vaccinerats mot HPV. Data analyserades med innehållsanalys. Resultat Totalt genomfördes åtta intervjuer med unga kvinnor födda 1993-1998. Tre kategorier skapades: 1) Bristande kunskap om HPV 2) Tillförlitligt skydd mot cancer samt 3) Vaccinet är tillgängligt. Kunskapen om HPV och HPV-vaccin var låg hos de unga kvinnorna. Den främsta anledningen till att de valde att vaccinera sig var rädsla för cancer, andras inflytande till vaccinering, främst från mödrar, en tilltro till hälso- och sjukvården och till vaccinet samt att vaccinet är tillgängligt. Slutsats Det är tydligt att kunskapen om HPV och vaccinet är låg bland de deltagande unga kvinnorna. Inför framtiden behövs anpassad information till unga kvinnor om viruset och vaccinet för att tillgodose behovet av information. Det är viktigt att unga kvinnor som vaccineras mot HPV har kunskap om vaccinet för att veta hur de skyddar sig mot HPV och att de även ska förstå vikten av att gå på gynekologisk cellprovskontroll som en del av prevention av HPV. Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) cause warts and is a common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Vaccination against the most common HPV types that can cause genital warts and cancer is implemented in the national vaccination programme for girls and young women since 2012. Previous research shows that young women, despite low knowledge about the virus, are in favour of the vaccine. Objective To explore young vaccinated women’s knowledge about HPV and knowledge and attitudes towards HPV-vaccination. Method An qualitative explorative study. The Health Belief Model was the theoretical framework. Individual interviews were conducted with young women vaccinated against HPV. Data were analyzed with content analyses. Results In total eight interviews were undertaken with young women born in 1993-1998. Three categories were revealed through the interviews: 1) Lack of knowledge about HPV 2) Reliable protection against cancer and 3) The vaccine is available. The young women had low knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccine. The main reasons for vaccination were; fear of cancer, influence from others, especially the mothers, trust in the healthcare and the vaccine and the vaccine is available. Conclusion The knowledge of HPV and the vaccine was low among the included women. In the future the iformation about the virus and the vaccine needs to be adapted to the young women to provide the need of information. It is important that young women who are vaccinated against HPV have knowledge about the vaccine to be able to protect themselves against HPV and that they are aware of the importance of attending future cervical cancer screening controls as a part of the prevention against HPV.

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D'Ottaviano, Maria Gabriela Loffredo 1969. "Detecção dos tipos de HPV e integração do HPV DNA 16 em mulheres com NIC 2 seguidas por doze meses = HPV detection and HPV DNA 16 integration in women with CIN2 followed up for 12 month." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310566.

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Orientadores: Luiz Carlos Zeferino, Silvia Helena Rabelo dos Santos Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T17:52:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 D'Ottaviano_MariaGabrielaLoffredo_D.pdf: 1516066 bytes, checksum: 6d0ec9bd4a1234053c224b579db92914 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 Resumo: A infecção pelo HPV é considerada fator etiológico da neoplasia do colo do útero e a integração do HPV DNA ao DNA da célula hospedeira são apontados como passo importante na carcinogênese do epitélio. O melhor conhecimento da infecção do vário tipo de HPV e o status físico do HPV 16 nas NIC 2 pode colaborar na identificação das lesões que teriam maior risco de progredir para NIC 3 e, portanto, deveriam ser consideradas como lesões precursoras do câncer do colo uterino. O objetivo desta série de casos foi descrever a presença dos diferentes tipos de HPV e a integração do HPV DNA 16 em mulheres com diagnóstico histológico de NIC 2 acompanhadas por 12 meses. Trinta e sete mulheres com citologia inicial, resultado de lesão de baixo grau e atípicas de células escamosas de significado indeterminado e NIC 2, confirmado por biópsia, foram seguidas por 12 meses com citologia, colposcopia, tipagem de HPV e determinação do status físico do HPV DNA 16 a cada três meses. A evolução clínica da NIC 2 foi classificada como regressão em 49% (18\37) dos casos, persistência em 22% (8\37) e progressão em 29% (11\37). A infecção por múltiplos tipos de HPV foi observada em 41% (15\37) dos casos na admissão e durante o seguimento 54% (20\37) dos casos apresentaram infecção por novos tipos de HPV. O HPV 16 foi considerado como possível causa em 67% (10\15) dos casos que persistiram ou progrediram e em 10% (1\10) dos que regrediram (p=0,01). Entre as 20 mulheres que apresentaram HPV 16 na admissão, a forma integrada foi detectada em 25% dos casos e a forma episomal em 75% dos casos. Não foram observados casos de progressão para NIC 3 sem integração do HPV DNA 16 em algum momento do seguimento. Entretanto, foram observados casos de integração do HPV DNA 16 e regressão da NIC 2. Concluindo, a infecção por múltiplos tipos de HPV é frequente nas mulheres com diagnóstico histológico de NIC 2, assim como a infecção por outros tipos de HPV durante o seguimento de 12 meses. As NIC 2 associadas à detecção do HPV 16 persistem ou progridem com maior frequência. As NIC 2 que progrediram para NIC 3 apresentaram o HPV DNA 16 na forma integrada na admissão ou em algum momento do seguimento Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) persistent infection is considered a necessary cause for the development of cervical cancer and HPV DNA integration considered an important step in the progression of persistent high risk HPV infection to invasive cancer.The knowledge of HPV infection and the HPV DNA 16 physical status in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN 2) can better characterize the biological behavior of the lesion. This case series aimed to describe the HPV types and HPV DNA 16 physical status in women with CIN 2 biopsy proven followed for 12 months and clinical outcome. Thirty seven women with CIN 2 biopsy proven, cervical referral smear showing low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and with HPV type, were followed up 12 months with cervical smear, colposcopy, HPV type and HVP DNA 16 every three months. At the end of twelve months follow-up, the CIN 2 regression rate was 49% (18/37), persistence as CIN1 or CIN 2 was 22% (8/37), and progression to CIN 3 was 29% (11/37). Multiple HPV types were observed at admission in 41% (15/37) of cases. During follow-up, 54% (20/37) of the women showed one or more new HPV type detected. HPV 16 was considered possibly causal type in 67% (10/15) of the cases that persisted or progressed and in 10% (1/10) that regressed (p=0.01). Among the twenty women with HPV DNA 16, at admission, 25% showed integrated HPV DNA 16 and 75% episomal form. There were no cases of CIN 2 progression to CIN 3 without HPV DNA 16 integration, but there were cases of HPV DNA 16 integration and CIN 2 regression. Concluding, multiple HPV infections were frequently detected among women with CIN 2 at admission and during the follow up. The CIN 2 associated with HPV 16 was more likely to persist or to progress to CIN 3. The HPV DNA 16 integration is associated with CIN 2 persistence and progression to CIN 3 Doutorado Oncologia Ginecológica e Mamária Doutora em Ciências da Saúde

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Webster, Kenneth. "Transcriptional regulation of the HPV-16 E6 and E7 oncogenes by the HPV-16 E2 protein." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310778.

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Al-Sahaf, Sarmad. "Investigating the HPV-positive & HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer tumour microenvironment in vivo and in vitro." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22533/.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognised as a major aetiological agent in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC). HPV-positive tumours are associated with better outcomes compared to HPV-negative tumours, possibly due to differences in their aetiology, immune responses and/or the tumour microenvironment. Increased numbers of tumour-associated leukocytes have been observed in many cancers including OPC, with variable influence on prognosis depending on the leukocyte subpopulation investigated. Whether, HPV-status influences leukocyte recruitment to OPC remains unknown. The main aim of this study was to examine if differences exist in the immune responses between HPV-positive compared to HPV-negative OPC by examining levels of infiltrated leukocyte sub-populations, and to further determine the molecular mechanisms driving leukocyte recruitment into these two distinct forms of tumours. Immunohistochemical staining of HPV-positive (n=40) and HPV-negative (n=19) OPC biopsies, followed by survival analysis showed that individuals with HPV displayed a distinct survival advantage. In terms of leukocyte abundance, HPV-negative OPC contained significantly (P < 0.05) more neutrophils than HPV-positive tumours, whilst there was no difference in macrophage or T cell abundance between the two tumours except in the low expressive cases. A subsequent in vitro study examined differences in the chemoattractant capacity of HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPC cell lines to determine if these factors were implicated in the neutrophil, macrophage and T cell recruitment observed in vivo. Gene and protein expression analysis demonstrated that both monocultures of HPV-positive and HPV-negative cell lines, along with normal tonsillar fibroblasts (NTF), expressed low chemokine levels, whilst NTF cultured with conditioned medium from HPV-negative OPC cells expressed significantly higher levels of all chemokines tested compared to NTF incubated with the medium from HPV-positive OPC cell lines. HPV-negative OPC cell lines expressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α & β mRNA whereas HPV-positive cells did not, and NTF constitutively expressed IL-1R. Pre-treatment with the IL-1R antagonist, Anakinra, or siRNA to IL-1R1 significantly reduced chemokine secretion from NTF stimulated with conditioned medium from HPV-negative tumour cells or recombinant IL-1β (P < 0.05). Similar data was obtained when cells were cultured all together in a 3D-model of OPC. In addition, in a 3D co-culture model, treatment with Anakinra significantly reduced the chemokines and number of infiltrating leukocytes into the model compared to untreated 3D cultures. Taken together, these data suggest that secretion of chemokines is driven by the interaction between HPV-negative OPC cells and stromal tonsillar fibroblasts through an IL-1/IL-1R-mediated mechanism that is less prominent within the HPV-positive tumour microenvironment. These observations may explain differences in leukocyte sub-populations recruited to HPV-positive versus negative OPC and indicate that HPV-status is a key determinant in controlling the inflammatory tumour microenvironment. Controlling leukocyte infiltration into HPV-negative OPC using Anakinra may be of potential clinical benefit.

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Lechner, M. "Genomic and epigenomic analysis of HPV positive and HPV negative head and neck squamous cell cancer." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1380707/.

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Human Papillomavirus positive (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a distinct clinical and epidemiological entity compared with HPV negative (HPV-) HNSCC. In this thesis I conducted both an epigenomic and genomic analysis to test the possible involvement of epigenetic modulation by HPV in HNSCC and associated genetic changes. Using laser-capture microdissection of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) HNSCCs, I generated both DNA methylation and genetic profiles of HPV+ and HPV— samples. I then used an independent clinical sample set and HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC cell lines for the validation of the obtained methylation data by two independent methods (Infinium 450k BeadArray and MeDIP-seq). Paired end sequencing of captured DNA, representing 3,230 exons in 182 genes often mutated in cancer was applied for mutation profiling. I validated the latter findings by Infinium copy number variation (CNV) profiling, Sequenom MassArray sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Significant differences in the methylation and genomic profiles between HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC were observed. Methylation analysis revealed a hypermethylation signature with involvement of Cadherins of Polycomb group target genes in HPV+ HNSCC samples. Integration with independent expression data showed strong negative correlation, especially for the Cadherin gene family members. Combinatorial ectopic expression of the two HPV oncogenes (E6 and E7) in an HPV— HNSCC cell line partially phenocopied the hypermethylation signature observed in HPV+ HNSCC tumours and established E6 as the main viral effector gene. Moreover, MeDIP-Seq data revealed methylation sites within integrated HPV genomes. These methylation sites were confirmed by bisulfite sequencing, both in HNSCC samples and HPV+ HNSCC cell lines. Validated genomic changes clustered HPV+ and HPV- oropharyngeal carcinomas into two distinct subgroups with TP53 mutations detected in 100% of HPV- cases. Abrogation of the G1/S checkpoint by CCND1 amplification and CDKN2A loss occurred in the majority of HPV- tumours, indicating that trials with CDK inhibitors in this disease subtype may be warranted. My data establish archival FFPE tissue to be highly suitable for these types of methylation and mutation analysis and suggest that HPV modulates the HNSCC epigenome through hypermethylation of Polycomb repressive complex 2 target genes such as Cadherins which are implicated in tumour progression and metastasis. Moreover, my findings reinforce the causal role of HPV in oropharyngeal cancer and indicate that therapeutic stratification according to somatic genomic changes, in addition to HPV status, could be the most appropriate future approach for these cancers.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'HPV'

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