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Journal articles on the topic 'HPGe spectrometry'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Marković, Nikola, Per Roos, Xiaolin Hou, and Sven Poul Nielsen. "Calibration of HPGe–HPGe coincidence spectrometer through performing standardisation of 125 I activity by X-ray-gamma coincidence spectrometry using two HPGe detectors." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 880 (February 2018): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.10.086.

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2

Hou, Dongjie, Siming Guo, Jianwei Huang, Chong Wu, and Jinjie Wu. "Monte Carlo simulation of HPGe gamma-spectrometry systems." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 23 (December 1, 2019): 9064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.9185.

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3

This, Kélian, Laurent Le Brusquet, Adrien Frigerio, Sébastien Colas, and Pascal Bondon. "Baseline removal in spectrometry gamma by observation of local minima." SYSTEM THEORY, CONTROL AND COMPUTING JOURNAL 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/stccj.2021.1.1.4.

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This paper presents a Baseline Removal method in the context of spectrometry gamma. The method implements an estimator for the full continuum based on the observation of local minima. This estimator is constructed from the statistical properties of the signal and is therefore easily explainable. The method involves a limited number of fixed parameters, which allows the automation of the process. Moreover, the method is adaptable to any peaks width, which makes it suitable for both HPGe spectrometers and scintillators. Application to real gamma spectrometry measurements are presented, as well as a discussion about the choice of the parameters, for which an adjustment is proposed.

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4

Povinec, P., M. Betti, A. Jull, and P. Vojtyla. "New isotope technologies in environmental physics." Acta Physica Slovaca. Reviews and Tutorials 58, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 1–154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10155-010-0088-6.

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New isotope technologies in environmental physicsAs the levels of radionuclides observed at present in the environment are very low, high sensitive analytical systems are required for carrying out environmental investigations. We review recent progress which has been done in low-level counting techniques in both radiometrics and mass spectrometry sectors, with emphasis on underground laboratories, Monte Carlo (GEANT) simulation of background of HPGe detectors operating in various configurations, secondary ionisation mass spectrometry, and accelerator mass spectrometry. Applications of radiometrics and mass spectrometry techniques in radioecology and climate change studies are presented and discussed as well. The review should help readers in better orientation on recent developments in the field of low-level counting and spectrometry, and to advice on construction principles of underground laboratories, as well as on criteria how to choose low or high energy mass spectrometers for environmental investigations.

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5

Chinnaesakki, S., S. V. Bara, S. J. Sartandel, R. M. Tripathi, and V. D. Puranik. "Radiological characterisation of synthetic rutile using HPGe gamma spectrometry." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 140, no. 4 (April 22, 2010): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncq136.

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6

Povinec, P. P., I. Osvath, and M. S. Baxter. "Underwater gamma-spectrometry with HPGe and NaI(Tl) detectors." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 47, no. 9-10 (September 1996): 1127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(96)00118-2.

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7

Khandaker, M. U., P. J. Jojo, H. A. Kassim, and Y. M. Amin. "Radiometric analysis of construction materials using HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 152, no. 1-3 (August 11, 2012): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncs145.

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8

Sajo-Bohus, L., D. Rosso, A. M. Sajo Castelli, D. R. Napoli, E. Fioretto, R. Menegazzo, H. Barros, C. A. Ur, D. Palacios, and J. Liendo. "HPGe detectors long time behaviour in high-resolution γ spectrometry." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 648, no. 1 (August 2011): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.03.031.

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9

Sima, Octavian, and Dirk Arnold. "On the Monte Carlo simulation of HPGe gamma-spectrometry systems." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 67, no. 5 (May 2009): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.01.014.

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10

Foley, A., S. K. Mohanty, and G. E. Sjoden. "Developing a basis for heavy metal in-situ detection using CZT." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): P05026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/05/p05026.

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Abstract Heavy metal contamination is a global concern–this type of contamination in the environment has been on the rise since the industrial age. Current guidelines from the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization limit arsenic concentration in water sources to 10 μg/kg. Typically, detection of heavy metals in industrial processes include spectrophotometry and colorimetry. A viable alternative for heavy metal detection can be implemented using a room temperature gamma spectrometer paired with a portable neutron generator for in-situ neutron activation analysis. In this paper, we explore detection of an arsenic salt diluted in a water sample to specific concentrations; the arsenic sample is utilized to determine the capability of a 5 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm CZT detector for heavy metal detection by neutron activation analysis. Several arsenic dilutions were irradiated in the University of Utah TRIGA reactor (UUTR), and the samples were measured on both HPGe and CZT detectors. The direct comparator method was used to determine the sample mass in a sample attributed by each detector, and the results were compared to the known dilution arsenic mass. We determined that a CZT gamma spectrometer can reliably detect 10 mg/kg arsenic with high confidence, and as low as 1 mg/kg arsenic with low confidence. For comparison, an HPGe gamma spectrometer can reliably detect 1 mg/kg arsenic with high confidence, and as low as 0.1 mg/kg with low confidence. Based upon our MDA, the CZT spectrometer can detect samples with a total activity of 1.8×10-5 mCi and higher, and the HPGe detector can detect an activity of 1.8×10-6 mCi. These results suggest the method has potential in portable gamma spectrometry solutions for wastewater effluents from industrial processes such as paint manufacturing, pharmaceutical, and smelting operations.

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11

Semkova, V., N. Otuka, and A. J. M. Plompen. "Uncertainties of calculated coincidence-summing correction factors in gamma-ray spectrometry." EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 12003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023912003.

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Uncertainty propagation to the γ-γ coincidence-summing correction factor from the covariances of the nuclear data and detection efficiencies have been formulated. The method was applied in the uncertainty analysis of the coincidence-summing correction factors in the γ-ray spectrometry of the 134Cs point source using a p-type coaxial HPGe detector.

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12

Lee, Mo Sung. "Development of a simple laboratory-made radioactive source to check the integrity of a gamma spectrometry system with HPGe detector." Journal of Radiation Protection 38, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14407/jrp.2013.38.2.119.

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13

Truong, Loan Thi Hong, Hoa Phuc Long Cao, Phuong Dang Nguyen, My Thi Thao Dang, and Huy Quang Ngo. "Study on analyzing overlaped peaks using the Gold algorithm of unfolding." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i2.791.

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In this work, we initially applied the Gold unfolding algorithm to deconvolute continuum region in the gamma spectra and to analyze its overlaped peaks for the gamma spectrometry using HPGe detector. The results could be used to analyse overlaped peaks of low level gamma spectrum for environmental samples.

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14

Boson, J., L. Johansson, H. Rameback, and G. Agren. "Uncertainty in HPGe detector calibrations for in situ gamma-ray spectrometry." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 134, no. 2 (May 8, 2009): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncp079.

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15

Povinec, Pavel P., Ivan Sýkora, Andrej Kováčik, and Christian Koeberl. "High-sensitivity HPGe gamma-spectrometry analysis of radionuclides in Martian meteorites." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 307, no. 3 (October 15, 2015): 2403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4523-5.

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16

Savva, Marilia I., Theodora Vasilopoulou, Chantal R. Nobs, Lee W. Packer, and Ion E. Stamatelatos. "Compton Suppressed Gamma Spectrometry for activation analysis of materials irradiated at JET." HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics 28 (October 17, 2022): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.3599.

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Compton Suppressed Spectrometry (CSS) provides a method to improve the peak-to-background ratio, and consequently counting statistics and the limit of detection. The NCSRD Fusion Technology Group CSS system consists of a NaI detector coupled to a 40% HPGe. The NaI detector consists of an annulus, surrounding the HPGe, and a plug, which can be removed for sample positioning, offering a 4π detection geometry. The signal processing chain of the configuration allows for the simultaneous collection of both the suppressed and the unsuppressed spectra. The simultaneous collection of suppressed and unsuppressed spectra allows the analyst to use the optimum spectrum, depending on the radionuclide to be determined. In this work, the performance of the CSS system in the analysis of dosimetry foils of different material samples irradiated at the Joint European Torus (JET) during the 2019 DD campaign is presented. The Compton continuum was significantly reduced providing better peak identification for peaks of non-cascade nuclides. The developed methodology will be applied to study the activation characteristics of materials to be used in ITER components manufacturing, after irradiation at the significant 14 MeV neutron yield during the JET DT campaign.

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17

Rašeta, Davor, Branko Petrinec, Dinko Babić, and Marko Šoštarić. "Application of a new in situ calibration technique for gamma spectrometry and comparison of in situ and laboratory measurements." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 72, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3468.

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Abstract In situ gamma ray spectrometry was developed to quickly measure large areas of land following nuclear accidents. However, a proper calibration of detectors for in situ measurements is a long and complicated process. One tool designed to make this calibration quick is the InSiCal software. We compared 5,000 s in situ measurements with two different HPGe detectors calibrated using the InSiCal software and laboratory measurements of samples collected at the same locations. Our findings suggest that in situ gamma spectrometry using InSiCal software can provide reasonably accurate data, but some improvements are needed.

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18

Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin, Kotaro Nagatsu, Honoka Obata, Katsuyuki Minegishi, Ming-Rong Zhang, Samer K. I. Ali, and Naohiko Otuka. "Excitation function of natCu(3He,x)65Zn nuclear reaction for 3He beam monitoring purpose." EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 20009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023920009.

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The excitation function of the natCu(3He,x)65Zn nuclear reaction was measured from its threshold up to 53 MeV incident energy relative to the natTi(3He,x)48V monitor reaction by using the conventional stacked foil activation technique combined with HPGe γ-ray spectrometry. Our result is systematically higher than the IAEA recommendation, and more experimental works are desired especially above 25 MeV.

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19

Lee, Jieun, HyoJin Kim, Yong Uk Kye, Dong Yeon Lee, Jeung Kee Kim, Wol Soon Jo, and Yeong-Rok Kang. "Source and LVis based coincidence summing correction in HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry." Nuclear Engineering and Technology 54, no. 5 (May 2022): 1754–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2021.11.008.

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20

Maurotto, A., S. Rizzo, and E. Tomarchio. "MCNP5 modelling of HPGe detectors for efficiency evaluation in γ-ray spectrometry." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 164, no. 5-6 (June 2009): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420150902809189.

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21

Gharbi, F. "Inhomogeneity effects on HPGe gamma spectrometry detection efficiency using Monte Carlo technique." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 654, no. 1 (October 2011): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.06.055.

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22

Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin, Panakal John Jojo, and Hasan Abu Kassim. "Determination of Primordial Radionuclides in Natural Samples Using HPGe Gamma-Ray Spectrometry." APCBEE Procedia 1 (2012): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.03.030.

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23

Chagren, S., M. Ben Tekaya, N. Reguigui, and F. Gharbi. "Efficiency transfer using the GEANT4 code of CERN for HPGe gamma spectrometry." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 107 (January 2016): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.026.

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24

Schulc, Martin, Michal Kostal, Roberto Capote, Evzen Novak, Nicola Burianova, and Jan Simon. "Ratio of spectral averaged cross sections measured in standard 252Cf(sf) and 235U(nth,f) neutron fields." EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 19004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023919004.

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The results of systematic evaluations of spectrum averaged cross section (SACS) measurements in the fission neutron fields of 252Cf and 235U are presented. The data form a complete database of high-threshold experimental SACS measured in the same installation under the same conditions and using the same high purity germanium gamma spectrometer. This is crucial to reduce the uncertainty of the ratio and the data scattering and therefore, to minimize discrepancies compared to cross section measured under different conditions in different laboratories. This new dataset complements and extends earlier experimental evaluations. The total emission of the 252Cf neutron source during the experiments varied from 9.5E8 to 4.5E8 neutrons per second. The emission was derived in accordance to the data in the Certificate of Calibration involving absolute flux measurements in a manganese sulphate bath. Concerning 235U fission neutron field, the irradiations were carried out in a specifically designed core assembled in the zero power light water LR-0 reactor. This special core has a well described neutron field. After the irradiation, the low volume irradiated samples to be measured by gamma spectrometry were placed directly on the upper cap of a coaxial high purity germanium (HPGe) detector in a vertical configuration (ORTEC GEM35P4). High volume samples were homogenized and strewn into the Marinelli beaker. The HPGe detector is surrounded by the lead shielding box with a thin inner copper cladding and covered with rubber for suppression of background signal and bremsstrahlung. The experimental reaction rates were derived for irradiated samples from the Net Peak Areas (NPA) measured using the semiconductor HPGe detector. The measured reaction rates are used to derive the spectrum-averaged cross sections. Furthermore, measured reaction rates are also compared with MCNP6 calculations using various nuclear data libraries, in particular IRDFF evaluations.

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25

Zamani, Eliyeh, Sedigheh Sina, Reza Faghihi, and Banafshe Zeinali-Rafsanjani. "Developing a software for self-absorption correction for gamma spectrometry of soil and water samples based on MCNP5 Monte Carlo simulations." Scientific Research Journal 17, no. 2 (August 25, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v17i1.6326.

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Gamma spectroscopy using HPGe is one of the most effective methods in determining the concentration of gamma emitting radionuclides in environmental samples. The purpose of this study is obtaining the efficiency calibration curves for the HPGe detector using MCNP5 Monte Carlo code, and designing appropriate software for correction of self-absorption caused by changes in density, height, and geometry of different samples. For this purpose the detector was simulated using MCNP5 Monte Carlo code, and the detector calibration curves were obtained for different geometries and heights, and appropriate software was designed for efficiency calibration. The results obtained in this study, show that changing the height, geometry, and density of the samples have significant effects on the detector efficiency because of the changes in self-absorption of the samples. Comparison of the self-absorption correction using the software, and the results of simulations show that designed software can predict the calibration curves for the new samples in different energies with error much less than 1%.

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26

Sloboda, Michal, Helena Malá, Petr Rulík, and Věra Bečková. "EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS OF GAMMA SPECTROMETRY LABORATORIES." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 186, no. 2-3 (November 7, 2019): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz228.

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Abstract Currently, the territorial Radiation Monitoring Network (RMN) of the Czech Republic consists of seven laboratories equipped with gamma spectrometry High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors. From 2007 to 2018, five emergency exercises were carried out to test the sample throughput of these facilities and their staff. The main objective was to identify weaknesses and problem areas in the whole process from the moment of obtaining the samples to logging the results into the central RMN database. The long-term aim of these exercises is to optimize emergency response procedures. The most important factor limiting laboratory capacity is the lack of qualified personnel. The exercises showed that in the current state, these laboratories would be able to operate in 12-hour shifts for 14 days and analyze 1700 samples per day. Emergency exercises have highlighted the fact that this type of exercise should be repeated periodically in order to monitor the performance and analytical capabilities of RMN.

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27

Johnová, Kamila. "SELF-ABSORPTION CORRECTIONS BASED ON MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 4 (December 16, 2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2016.4.0027.

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The main aim of this article is to demonstrate how Monte Carlo simulations are implemented in our gamma spectrometry laboratory at the Department of Dosimetry and Application of Ionizing Radiation in order to calculate the self-absorption within the samples. A model of real HPGe detector created for MCNP simulations is presented in this paper. All of the possible parameters, which may influence the self-absorption, are at first discussed theoretically and lately described using the calculated results.

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28

Han, Jeong Hee. "Broad Energy HPGe Gamma Spectrometry for Dose Rate Estimation for Trapped Charge Dating." Journal of Analytical Science and Technology 1, no. 2 (2010): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5355/jast.2010.98.

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29

Chinnaesakki, S., S. V. Bara, S. J. Sartandel, R. M. Tripathi, and V. D. Puranik. "Performance of HPGe gamma spectrometry system for the measurement of low level radioactivity." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 294, no. 1 (January 12, 2012): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1607-8.

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30

Mohebian, M., R. Pourimani, and S. M. Modarresi. "Using MCNP Simulation for Self-absorption Correction in HPGe Spectrometry of Soil Samples." Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science 43, no. 6 (October 1, 2019): 3047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40995-019-00775-5.

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31

Espinosa, Guillermo, Ilsa Hernández-Ibinarriaga, and Jose-Ignacio Golzarri. "An analysis of the potassium concentrations of soft drinks by HPGe gamma spectrometry." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 282, no. 2 (July 10, 2009): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-009-0139-y.

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32

Santos Júnior, José Araújo dos, Jorge João Ricardo Ferreira Cardoso, Cleomacio Miguel da Silva, Suêldo Vita Silveira, and Romilton dos Santos Amaral. "Analysis of the 40K levels in soil using gamma spectrometry." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, spe2 (October 2005): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132005000700033.

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Potassium-40 was determined in soil in an area with 40,000 m² situated in the western State of Pernambuco, Brazil. For radiometric measurements, the gamma spectrometry method with a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector was used. Sampling of 78 soil samples has been performed at intervals of 25 m. The specific activities of 40K were calculated based on the photopeak of 1.46 MeV. Values from 541 to 3,572 Bq kg-1 were obtained (mean of 1,827 Bq kg-1). These values allowed the determination of the elemental concentrations as well as the absorbed dose rates in air, 1 m above the ground. The values varied from 1.7 to 11.5% (mean of 6%) and from 23.4 to 154.3 nGy h-1 (mean of 79 nGy h-1), respectively.

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33

Pappa, Filothei K., Christos Tsabaris, Dionisis Patiris, Georgios Eleftheriou, Effrossini G. Androulakaki, Michael Kokkoris, and Roza Vlastou. "Inter-comparison exercise utilizing x- and γ-ray spectrometry." HNPS Proceedings 27 (April 17, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.3013.

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Radionuclides are characterized by their nuclear and chemical behavior. Additionally, the geochemical characteristics of radionuclides result in their accumulation in the sediments via sorption processes. In this work the radionuclide activity concentrations obtained by gamma-ray spectrometry (HPGe detector) were converted to metal concentrations as described in [1]. The results were compared with the measured metal concentrations obtained by atomic spectrometry (X-ray fluorescence system-XRF). The samples originate from the coastal environment of two Greek areas, characterized by elevated values of natural radionuclides (e.g. 226Ra) and metals. The preliminary study revealed a good agreement among the concentrations of potassium calculated via activity concentrations of 40K and those of XRF measurement, while a great divergence was observed for the thorium case. These differences can be attributed to the low statistics, as well as to the calibration set-up of Th XRF measurement.

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34

Bukartas, Antanas, Jonas Wallin, Robert Finck, and Christopher Rääf. "Bayesian algorithm to estimate position and activity of an orphan gamma source utilizing multiple detectors in a mobile gamma spectrometry system." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245440.

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To avoid harm to the public and the environment, lost ionizing radiation sources must be found and brought back under the regulatory control as soon as possible. Usually, mobile gamma spectrometry systems are used in such search missions. It is possible to estimate the position and activity of point gamma sources by performing Bayesian inference on the measurement data. The aim of this study was to theoretically investigate the improvements in the Bayesian estimations of the position and activity of a point gamma source due to introduction of data from multiple detectors with angular variations of efficiency. Three detector combinations were tested—a single 123% HPGe detector, single 4l NaI (Tl) detector and a 123% HPGe with 2x4l NaI (Tl) detector combination—with and without angular efficiency variations for each combination resulting in six different variants of the Bayesian algorithm. It was found that introduction of angular efficiency variations of the detectors did improve the accuracy of activity estimation slightly, while introduction of data from additional detectors lowered the signal-to-noise ratio threshold of the system significantly, increasing the stability and accuracy of the estimated source position and activity, for a given signal-to-noise ratio.

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35

Di Marco, Alessandro, Alexander Barabash, Pierluigi Belli, Rita Bernabei, Roman Boiko, Viktor Brudanin, Fabio Cappella, et al. "Recent Developments and Results on Double Beta Decays with Crystal Scintillators and HPGe Spectrometry." Universe 4, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe4120147.

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Recent developments, results, and perspectives arising from double beta decay experiments at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) of the INFN by using HPGe detectors and crystal scintillators and by exploiting various approaches and different isotopes are summarized. The measurements here presented have been performed in the experimental set-ups of the DAMA collaboration. These setups are optimized for low-background studies and operate deep underground at LNGS. The presented results are of significant value to the field, and the sensitivity achieved for some of the considered isotopes is one of the best available to date.

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36

Eke, Canel, Kursat Er, Christian Segebade, and Ismail Boztosun. "Study of filling material of dental composites: an analytical approach using radio-activation." Radiochimica Acta 106, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2017-2766.

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AbstractThe aim of this study is to carry out elemental analyses of dental composites acquired from different producers using photoactivation analysis (PAA). High energy electrons produced by an electron linear accelerator are absorbed by a tungsten disk (Bremsstrahlung converter) thereby producing high energy X-rays (bremsstrahlung). The dental composite materials under study were exposed to the bremsstrahlung radiation whereby radionuclides were produced through photonuclear reactions. Their radioactivities were measured using high resolution semiconductor spectrometers equipped with high purity germanium detectors (HPGe). The spectra were analysed using appropriate computer software. As a result, photonuclear reactions of 12 stable elements were detected in different dental composite species, and the elemental concentrations were calculated. For comparison, the dental composites were also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). Various sizes and shapes of dental composites were observed using SEM. However, contents of dental composites, e.g. Mg, Ni, Ba and Sr were obtained by PAA whilst C, O, Al, S, Ba and Sr were detected by EDXRF spectrometry. The results for Ba and Sr obtained using the two techniques show considerable difference.

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37

Rozana, Kharistya, Devi Swasti Prabasiwi, and Dewi Puspa Ariany. "Identification of TENORM in Zirconium Oxychloride with Gamma Spectrometry." EKSAKTA: Journal of Sciences and Data Analysis 2, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/eksakta/vol2.iss1.art8.

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Abstract: Gamma spectrometer used to determine the type and activity of gamma emitting radionuclides, such as the measurement of TENORM (Th-232, U-238, Ra-26 dan K-40) in the zirconium oxychloride or environmental radioactivity. This research was carried out to know each the TENORM on the zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2.8H2O) which accommodation of environment data the radioactivity in draft job safety about the workers. Zirconium oxychloride is a result of chloride acid leaching process from sodium zirconate, containing uranium and thorium, so that it has the potential for contamination and increase the radiation exposure. The instrument used for counting by HPGe detector and the spectrum were analyzed further using software Genie 2000. Mean measured activity concentrations (radioactivity) of U-238, Th-232, Ra-226 and K-40 respectively were 13,43±0,876 Bq/kg, 12,040±1,483 Bq/kg, 11,400±0,582 Bq/kg dan 32,940±3,270 Bq/kg.

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38

S.Khalf, Yassamin, and Kareem K. Mohammad. "Measurement of Natural Radioactivity Level in Selected Phosphate Fertilizer Samples Collected from Iraqi Markets." Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22401/anjs.24.3.07.

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The Gamma-ray spectrometry (spectra line Gp) and a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector were used to determine the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in fertilizer samples. 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations in fertilizers and phosphate raw. In this study the gamma index(I), Radium equivalent dose(Raeq),dose rate(DR),external hazard index(Hex) internal hazard index(Hin), annual effective dose outdoor(AEDout) and annual effective dose indoor(AEDin)were found. This study could serve as a starting point for figuring out how fertilizer radiation affects human health.

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39

Long, Bin, Haifei Zhang, Guoqing Zhou, Chengzhou Fan, Zining Tian, Jixing Du, Ming Xu, et al. "The efficiency calibration of radioxenon isotopes of inhomogeneous adsorption column for HPGe γ spectrometry." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 317, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-018-5969-z.

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Hung, Nguyen Quoc, Huynh Dinh Chuong, Le Quang Vuong, Tran Thien Thanh, and Chau Van Tao. "Intercomparison NaI(Tl) and HPGe spectrometry to studies of natural radioactivity on geological samples." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 164 (November 2016): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.07.035.

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Caridi, Francesco, Giuseppe Paladini, Valentina Venuti, Sebastiano Ettore Spoto, Vincenza Crupi, Giovanna Belmusto, and Domenico Majolino. "Natural and Anthropogenic Radioactivity Content and Radiation Hazard Assessment of Baby Food Consumption in Italy." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2022): 5244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105244.

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The natural (40K) and anthropogenic (137Cs) radioactivity concentration in four different typologies of early childhood (up to two years old) foods, i.e., homogenized fruit, homogenized meat, childhood biscuits and baby pasta, produced in Italy and sold in Italian large retailers, was investigated through High Purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometry. The present study is carried out with the aim to: (i) evaluate the background levels of the investigated radionuclides in the analyzed early childhood foods, (ii) identify whether the twenty analyzed samples were appropriate for infant consumption and (iii) contribute to construct a database on the radioactivity of early childhood foods sold in Italy.

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Śleziak, Monika, and Marek Duliński. "Suitability of rocks and sediments from Brzeszcze and Silesia coal mines as building materials in terms of radiological hazard." Nukleonika 64, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2019-0008.

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Abstract The isotope activity concentration of rocks and bottom sediments was evaluated based on the samples collected from sedimentation ponds and gangue repositories. Radium 226Ra, thorium 228Th and potassium 40K activities were measured by gamma spectrometry using high-purity germanium detector – HPGe 4020. The radiation effect resulting from the presence of natural radionuclides was estimated by radiological hazard indices such as f1 and f2 coefficients, radium equivalent, internal and external hazard indices and absorbed dose rate. Performed measurements and calculations have shown that the bottom sediments are most contaminated. They may pose a serious radiological hazard for present and future generations.

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Manic, Vesna, Goran Manic, Branko Radojkovic, Dusica Vucic, Dragoslav Nikezic, and Dragana Krstic. "Measurement of radon concentration in kindergartens and schools in Nis, Serbia." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 17, no. 2 (2019): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct1902191m.

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In this study, the activity concentration of radon, 222Rn, in kindergartens and schools in the town of Nis, Serbia, was explored. The method of active charcoal was applied. The measurements were carried out by gamma - spectrometry with HPGe detector. The results belong to the range of 15 Bq/m3 - 256 Bq/m3, with an average value of 59.7 Bq/m3 and a standard deviation of 25.3 Bq/m3. It was shown that data are distributed according to the log-normal distribution, and that is no correlation between indoor 222Rn concentrations and the activity concentrations of radium, 226Ra, in the soil.

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Sahoo, S. K., V. K. Parami, L. L. Quirit, H. Yonehara, T. Ishikawa, and S. Tokonami. "Determination of uranium concentrations and its activity ratios in coal and fly ash from Philippine coal-fired thermal power plants using ICP-MS and TIMS." Proceedings in Radiochemistry 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2011): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/rcpr.2011.0045.

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Abstract The specific activity of 238U as a technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) in feed coal, bottom and fly ash samples from four major coal-fired thermal power plants in the Philippines have been measured using high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy system equipped with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The uranium concentration has been determined from same samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). There was a good correlation between the measured uranium using both methods and has been estimated to be 0.98. Uranium from coal, bottom and fly ash samples were chemically separated and activity ratio (234U/238U) and 235U/238U ratio was measured using a thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMS). The highest concentration of uranium was found in fly ash and lowest was for feed coal. Uranium isotopic composition plays an important role in studying its biogeochemical behavior and is a good tracer on the sources of uranium in the environment.

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Papachristodoulou, C. A., P. A. Assimakopoulos, N. E. Patronis, and K. G. Ioannides. "Use of HPGe γ-ray spectrometry to assess the isotopic compositiion of uranium in soils." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 64, no. 2-3 (January 2003): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0265-931x(02)00049-8.

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Man, Mai Thanh, Vu Ngoc Ba, Dang Thi Thao My, Dang Nguyen Phuong, Truong Thi Hong Loan, and Ngo Quang Huy. "Full spectrum analysis with the non-negative least square constraint for laboratory HPGe gamma spectrometry." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 322, no. 2 (September 12, 2019): 961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-019-06759-4.

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Boson, Jonas, Agneta H. Plamboeck, Henrik Ramebäck, Göran Ågren, and Lennart Johansson. "Evaluation of Monte Carlo-based calibrations of HPGe detectors for in situ gamma-ray spectrometry." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 100, no. 11 (November 2009): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.06.006.

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Sarkar, Arnab. "Uncertainty propagation in Pu isotopic composition calculation by gamma spectrometry: theory versus experiment." Radiochimica Acta 109, no. 4 (January 28, 2021): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2020-0085.

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Abstract Calculation and reporting of total uncertainties are essential criteria in the nuclear industry since measured results are used in decision making. Plutonium isotopic compositions (Pu IC) in different matrices are required at various stages of a close-loop nuclear fuel cycle. Under- and/or over-estimating uncertainties in Pu IC may result in avoidable radiological emergencies. In this work, we present the uncertainty budget for Pu IC determination using 120–450 keV gamma emission lines recorded with an HPGe. Detailed uncertainty propagation equations based on the propagation of partial derivatives are constructed and solved. Effects of the individual uncertainties on the total uncertainty are studied for different counting durations starting from 5 min up to 24 h. Results are compared with TIMS results and the theoretically calculated uncertainties were verified with multiple experimental data.

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Andreaco, M. S., R. S. Seymour, and G. N. Martin. "High-resolution gamma spectrometry for measurement of transuranic radionuclides: A comparison of a low axial length-to-diameter coaxial HPGe detector versus a planar HPGe detector." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 156, no. 2 (January 1992): 323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02038348.

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Kozic, Ján, and Milan Štefánik. "Spectrometry of neutron field based on p(20)+Be source reaction." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 37 (December 6, 2022): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.37.0038.

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The research deals with a spectrometry of neutron field based on the p(20)+Be source reaction. The p(20)+Be interaction stands for a nuclear reaction where protons accelerated to energy of 20 MeV bombard Be target. Produced neutron field has broad energy distribution up to 18 MeV. The research was carried out at the Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences and was motivated by extension of experimental possibilities of the NG-2 target station. To determine the neutron spectrum, the activation foil technique was used. During the experiment, ten activation foils were irradiated. Activated foils were measured using the HPGe detector to determine the reaction rates of observed reactions. The neutron field was simulated in the MCNPX code, and the simulation served as a priori information for the unfolding of the neutron spectrum in the SAND-II code. A determined neutron spectrum is essential for various experiments, e.g., material research, measurements of nuclear data, etc.

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