Relevant bibliographies by topics / HPGe detectors

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'HPGe detectors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "HPGe detectors"

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Abdulla, Karima, Abtisam A. Alakrout, Manal Omer, and Samah Aghtisa. "EVALUATION STUDY OF LANTHANUM HALIDE DETECTORS (LABR3:CE , LACL3:CE, NAI(TL), (HPGE)." Scientific Journal of Applied Sciences of Sabratha University 3, no. 2 (September 27, 2020): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47891/sabujas.v3i2.42-52.

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Through the use of thesources spectrums 22Na (S311.PH), 60Co (S297.PH), 133Ba (S295.PH), 137Cs (S296.PH) and 152Eu (S285.PH) the properties of Lanthanum Tri-Bromide (LaBr3:Ce) and Lanthanum Tri-Chloride (LaCl3:Ce) scintillation detectors were compared against Sodium Iodide (NaI(Tl)) scintillation and Hyper Pure Germanium (HPGe) semiconductor detectors. In all instances the HPGe detector was found to be superior, So, Hyper Pure Germanium detectors (HPGe) are outstanding devices for radioactivity spectroscopy. In addition the LaBr3:Ce and LaCl3:Ce detectors were always found to be superior to the NaI(Tl) detector.
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McCarthy, J. J., M. W. Ales, and D. J. McMillan. "High Purity Germanium Detectors for EDS." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (August 12, 1990): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100134041.

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High purity germanium (HPGe) detectors offer multiple advantages for x-ray microanalysis in electron microscopes. These advantages include improved detection efficiency at energies above 20 keV, lower noise and higher energy resolution than can be obtained with a lithium drifted silicon detector. In the past, the use of HPGe detectors for EDS at energies below about 2 keV was impossible due to severe distortions of peak shapes and shifts in peak positions. These effects are the result of incomplete charge collection and are most pronounced at energies just above the energy of the germanium L absorption edges (1.2 to 1.4 keV). Using new processing techniques, we have manufactured 30 mm2 HPGe detectors that do not exhibit significant spectral distortion due to incomplete charge collection. Figure 1 presents a comparison of the peak shapes obtained from an HPGe detector produced by a previous method and a new detector produced with our current process. These detectors have been used for EDS applications in (S)TEM and SEM.
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Peoviti, Maria, Michail Axiotis, Efstathia Georgali, Sotirios Harissopulos, Anastasios Lagoyannis, and Nikolaos Patronis. "Characterisation of the new HPGe detectors at INPP/NCSR “Demokritos”... and future (n,2n) reactions to be studied." HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics 28 (October 17, 2022): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.3580.

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Within the present work the HPGe detectors of the Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics at NCSR “Demokritos” were fully characterized in terms of their efficiency. The three n-type 80% relative efficiency HPGe were recently acquired in the framework of the CALIBRA project. All detectors are equipped with carbon epoxy windows that allow detection of low energy γ-rays. Beside the efficiency characterization, the three detectors were fully modeled by means of GEANT4. In all cases the simulated detector geometries were fine-tuned so as to fully reproduce the experimental efficiency data at different source-to-detector distances. Finally, as a demonstration of the new offered abilities, the efficiency characterization and the GEANT4 modeling of the three HPGe detectors was used for a feasibility study of possible/future (n,2n) activation measurements on medium-weight nuclei.
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Georgali, Efstathia, and Et al. "Characterization of the Canberra BE5030 Broad Energy High Purity Germanium Detector by means of the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation package." HNPS Proceedings 27 (April 17, 2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.3002.

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The accurate determination of the efficiency of HPGe detectors is a challenging procedure due to possible self-attenuation phenomenaand/or coincidence summing effects. Both of these phenomena become important when close detection geometries and extended samples are considered. To deal with these features the simulation of HPGe detectors is used so as to calculate the corresponding correction factors, especially for those cases where low energy γ-ray are considered. Through the present work the Canberra BE5030 Broad Energy HPGe detector of the Enviromental Radioactivity Monitoring Department of Greek Atomic Energy Comission was simulated through the GEANT4 toolkit. Experimental efficiency and counting rate data were compared with the simulation results for different geometries of the detector so as to idetify the one for which the experimental data are better reproduced.
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Gurov, Yu B., V. S. Karpukhin, S. V. Rozov, V. G. Sandukovsky, D. Borowicz, J. Kwiatkowska, B. Rajchel, and J. Yurkowski. "Passivation of HPGe detectors." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 52, no. 1 (January 2009): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020441209010230.

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Zákoucký, Dalibor, Dušan Srnka, Jaromír Šlesinger, Drahoslav Vénos, and Josef Stehno. "Low-temperature HPGe detectors." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 46, S5 (May 1996): 2911–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02570442.

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Steel, E. B. "High-purity Ge x-ray detectors: Sensitivity factors and usefulness." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (August 12, 1990): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100136350.

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High Purity Germanium (HPGe) x-ray detectors are now commercially available for the analytical electron microscope (AEM). The detectors have superior efficiency at high x-ray energies and superior resolution compared to traditional lithium-drifted silicon [Si(Li)] detectors. However, just as for the Si(Li), the use of the HPGe detectors requires the determination of sensitivity factors for the quantitative chemical analysis of specimens in the AEM. Detector performance, including incomplete charge, resolution, and durability has been compared to a first generation detector. Sensitivity factors for many elements with atomic numbers 10 through 92 have been determined at 100, 200, and 300 keV. This data is compared to Si(Li) detector sensitivity factors.The overall sensitivity and utility of high energy K-lines are reviewed and discussed. Many instruments have one or more high energy K-line backgrounds that will affect specific analytes. One detector-instrument-specimen holder combination had a consistent Pb K-line background while another had a W K-line background.
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Sina, Sedigheh, Zahra Molaeimanesh, Mehrnoosh Karimipoorfard, Zeinab Shafahi, Maryam Papie, and Mohammad Amin Nazari Jahromi. "Evaluation of virtual point detector, for HPGe spectrometers of different sizes, using Monte Carlo simulations, and artificial neural networks." Scientific Research Journal 17, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v17i1.6325.

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The virtual point detector concept is a useful concept in gamma ray spectroscopy. In this study, the virtual point detector, h0, was obtained for HPGe detectors of different sizes using MCNP5 Monte Carlo simulations. The HPGe detectors with different radii (rd), and height (hd), having Aluminum, or Carbon windows, were simulated. A point photon source emitting several gammas with certain energies was defined at distance x of the detectors. The pulse height distribution was scored using F8 tally. Finally, artificial neural network was used for predicting the h0 values for every value of hd, rd, and x. Because of the high simulation duration of MCNP code, a trained ANN is used to predict the value of h0 for each detector size. The results indicate that the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) can predict the virtual point detector good accuracy.
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Sina, Sedigheh, Zahra Molaeimanesh, Mehrnoosh Karimipoorfard, Zeinab Shafahi, Maryam Papie, and Mohammad Amin Nazari Jahromi. "Evaluation of Virtual Point Detector for High Purity Germanium (Hpge) Detector, using Monte Carlo Simulations, and Artificial -Neural Networks." Scientific Research Journal 17, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v17i1.9345.

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The virtual point detector concept is useful in gamma-ray spectroscopy. In this study, the virtual point detector, h0, was obtained for High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors of different sizes using MCNP5 Monte Carlo simulations. The HPGe detectors with different radii (rd), and height (hd), having aluminum, or Carbon windows, were simulated. A point photon source emitting several gammas with specific energies was defined at a distance x of the detectors. The pulse height distribution was scored using F8 tally. Finally, the artificial neural network was used for predicting the h0 values for every value of hd, rd, and x. Because of the high simulation duration of MCNP code, a trained ANN is used to predict the value of h0 for each detector size. The results indicate that the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) can predict the virtual point detector good accuracy.
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Yakovlevs, O., V. Malgin, and V. Gostilo. "Development of Unified Spectrometric Module Based on HPGE Detectors with Electric Machine Cooling." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 3(79) (August 28, 2018): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2018.3(79).08.

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The development results of unified spectrometric module based on HPGe detectors with electric machine cooling for application in nuclear physical equipment of various application are presented. Unified module has cryostat with HPGe detector of the required size, electric machine cooler and electronic unit. The analysis of the cooling processes dynamics and HPGe detectors heating in cryostats, cooled by liquid nitrogen and EMC is made on the sample of the typical cooling circuits. Much attention is paid to design technological aspects of the cryostat development, cooled with electric coolers. With Solidworks software package the modal analysis of the cryostat cover and HPGe detector with various registration efficiency and weight was carried out. Based on the modal analysis of HPGe detector assembly the design of the holders where axial vibration mode was removed to the area of higher harmonics with smaller amplitudes was selected. The design of the developed unified module is reviewed. To increase EMC efficiency the additional radiators with heat tubes are installed and active method of blow off was applied. It secured the temperature decrease of EMC extender and accordingly provided the heat mode comfort for EMC operation what increases the safety of the developed module. The spectra of radioisotopes Co-57 and Co-60 are presented, registered by unified spectrometric module with HPGe detector with gamma radiation registration efficiency of 40%. The energy resolution by energies 122 and 1332 keV is 0,98 and 1,85 accordingly. The overall sizes of the unified module is 280×315×265 mm, its weight with the detector is about 20 kg. The module provides the radiation registration in any spatial position. It allows easy installation of the developed module on various equipment. The samples of the manufactured devices with unified spectrometric module are presented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HPGe detectors"

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Serra, André da Silva. "66Ga como padrão de calibração de raios de altas energias para detectores HPGe." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-10102008-142839/.

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Este trabalho trata do estudo da eficiencia de pico e fun¸cao resposta de detetores semicondutores do tipo HPGe na faixa de energia entre 2 a 5 MeV, um pouco acima da faixa de energia das fontes usualmente dispon´veis em espectroscopia . Ele faz parte de um projeto de calibra¸cao de detetores em altas energias (at´e 20 MeV). Os resultados serao utilizados na obten¸cao das intensidades das radia¸coes de rea¸coes foto-nucleares produzidas por meio do bremstrahlung do feixe de el´etrons de 38 MeV do acelerador Microton em constru¸cao. Trabalhos anteriores utilizaram raios produzidos por rea¸coes ressonantes de captura de pr´otons (p,x ). Entretanto, a cinem´atica da rea¸cao, em particular o efeito Doppler, altera a posi¸cao e forma dos picos observados. De modo a evitar estes efeitos indesej´aveis, este experimento utilizou uma fonte radioativa de raios de altas energias 66Ga (que recentemente tornou-se um dos padroes secund´arios de calibra¸cao). A fonte de 66Ga foi produzida por meio do bombardeamento de uma chapa de 1,0 mm de natZn de alta pureza (> 99,99%) utilizando um feixe de pr´otons de 15 MeV do ciclotron Cyclone 30 do Instituto de Pesquisas Energ´eticas e Nucleares IPEN, atrav´es das rea¸coes nucleares 66Zn(p,n) e 67Zn(p,2n). O espectro resultante foi analisado com o software IDFIX e foi obtida a curva de calibra¸cao de eficiencia de pico de um detetor HPGe de 162 cm3 de volume ativo e eficiencia de pico de 33% relativa a um cristal de 3×3 de Na(Tl) para o gama de 1332 keV do 60Co. Finalmente, foi realizada uma simula ¸cao do processo de transporte de radia¸cao por meio do software MNCP5 e os resultados obtidos encontram-se em acordo com os experimentais.
This work involves the study of the peak efficiency and response function of HPGe detectors for gamma rays in the energy range of 2 to 5 MeV, somewhat above the energy range of the available calibration sources for gamma spectroscopy. It is part of a high energy (up to 20MeV) -ray project to obtain intensity of rays from photo nuclear reactions produced with the bremstrahlung from the 38MeV electron beam of the Microtron accelerator. Former works carried out in the Laborat´orio do Acelerador Linear - LAL (IFUSP) used gamma rays produced by well-known (p,x ) resonant reactions. However reaction kinematics disturbs the position and form of the observed gamma peaks mainly due to the Doppler effect. In order to avoid these problems, a radioactive source with high energy gamma-rays, 66Ga (which recently became one of the secondary efficiency calibration standard), was used. The 66Ga source was produced by bombarding a 1.0 mm foil of pure natZn (> 99,99%) with the 15MeV and 0.1A proton beam from the Cyclone 30 cyclotron of the Instituto de Pesquisas Energ´eticas e Nucleares - IPEN with 66Zn(p,n) and 67Zn(p,2n) nuclear reactions. The resultant spectra were analyzed using the IDFIX program and the peak efficiency calibration curve was obtained for the HPGe detector with 162cm3 of active volume and a efficiency of 33% relative to a 3×3Na(Tl) crystal for 1332 keV 60Co ray. Finally, it was undertaken a Monte Carlo radiation transport analysis using a software such as MNCP5. The experiment was simulated and the results are in agreement with the experimental ones.
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Crespi, F. C. L. "HPGe segmented detectors in γ-ray spectroscopy experiments with exotic beams." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/59487.

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Most of the present knowledge of the nuclear structure is based on the properties of nuclei that lie in the valley of stability; it has become clear that it is in general not possible to extrapolate such knowledge to the region far off stability. Consequently, in order to obtain an overall comprehension of the nuclear force, it is mandatory to probe the structure of exotic nuclei. In recent years the availability of Radioactive Ion Beams (RIB) enabled the experimental study of nuclear systems far off stability and consequently gave the possibility to attach fundamental open problems in this research field. Gamma ray spectroscopy experiments with radioactive beams have to be performed in critical conditions due to low beam intensity, the presence of large background radiation and relevant Doppler effects. As a consequence it has become clear the need for developing a gamma detector array with a sensitivity much higher compared with the present generation Compton-suppressed detectors: a 4π gamma spectrometer, composed of highly segmented HPGe detectors and based on the concept of γ-ray tracking. In this thesis will first be described a Coulomb excitation measurement with the exotic 68Ni nucleus that presents all the challenging features of the experiments in which new generation tracking arrays are planned to operate. Such experiment has been carried out in April 2005 at RISING [63] set up in GSI laboratory. It consists of coulomb excitation of 68Ni at 600 MeV/u performed in order to study the low lying dipole strength by direct measurement of the gamma decay. The question how the giant dipole resonance strength evolves when going from stable to exotic nuclei is presently under discussion. It is in general expected by the calculations to find, in neutron rich medium heavy and heavy nuclei, a stronger fragmentation of the dipole strength (compared to stable nuclei) with significant components located in an energy domain well below that of the giant dipole resonance. In the literature such a lowlying concentration of dipole strength is usually denoted as Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR). The impact of that research activity goes even beyond nuclear structure field. In fact, since the energy dependence of the dipole strength directly affects the (γ,n) cross section, the presence of an increase in the low lying dipole strength could relevantly change our understanding and the description of the r-process. The results of the data analysis show the first evidence of such pygmy states in 68Ni; in addition it will appear clearly the need for a gamma detector array capable to provide an improved quality in Doppler correction and background rejection, namely a gamma ray tracking array. Recently the concept of γ ray tracking detectors has been developed and it has been shown that even a factor of 1000 in sensitivity over previous generation arrays could be gained using an array of detectors that enables the gamma ray path to be reconstructed. Reconstructing the trace of a γ ray inside the detector will permit a very precise Doppler correction since the position of the first interaction is obtained with a resolution of some mm, furthermore it will be possible to deduce the γ ray incoming direction and therefore distinguish the radiation of interest from the one not coming from the target, obtaining consequently much cleaner spectra. A second topic discussed in this thesis is the Pulse Shape Analysis in segmented HPGe detector for the gamma ray tracking. Pulse Shape Analysis (PSA) for determination of interactions position is a fundamental step in the functioning scheme of a gamma ray tracking array: the spatial localization of the interactions (hits) and their corresponding energetic release is basic information needed to reconstruct the path of a γ-ray inside an HPGe detector and it constitutes indeed the input of any tracking algorithm. Such information is encoded in the shape of the current pulse given by the detector following the interaction of γ radiation; in order to extract the spatial coordinates and energy of the γ ray interaction points specific PSA methods to process the detector signals have to be developed. In this thesis is described the Pulse Shape Analysis (PSA) process in highly segmented HPGe detectors for γ-ray tracking and a PSA algorithm for the decomposition of net-charge signal (Recursive Subtraction). The result of its extensive tests on simulated and real events are presented. The experimental data, on which the algorithm has been tested, were acquired during the in beam test of the MARS detector, performed at INFN Legnaro laboratories in July 2001 and during the in beam test of the AGATA symmetric cluster, performed at IKP Köln in August/September 2005. Finally in this thesis will be presented three ideas to exploit PSA techniques for applications that go also beyond the interaction localization (i.e. detector scan, improvement of timing performances of the detector). The first results are very encouraging but still there is the need for further development as will be pointed out in more detail.
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Lauer, Martin. "Digital signal processing for segmented HPGe detectors preprocessing algorithms and pulse shape analysis /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972595910.

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Ferreira, Marcio Drumond Costa. "Estudo da eficiência de um detector HPGe por métodos semiempíricos e experimental." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2012. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=268.

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A espectrometria gama é uma técnica que proporciona informações diversas em uma única análise, além de ser rápida e não destrutiva. Por meio de um detector de radiação acoplado a um sistema eletrônico de aquisição de dados, a técnica identifica os radionuclídeos emissores gama em uma amostra com radioatividade natural ou induzida, bem como fornece informações para calcular as suas atividades, a partir do registro e análise do espectro gama. A eficiência é um dos principais parâmetros a ser considerado quando se trabalha com detectores de radiação gama. Seu conhecimento possibilita uma melhor exatidão na quantidade de quantuns de radiação que o detector pode registrar dentre o total que emerge da fonte ou da amostra em estudo. A eficiência pode ser determinada experimentalmente, por métodos teóricos e semiempíricos. Usualmente, a determinação por método experimental é a mais exata, porém exige a aquisição de mais dados, o que torna o procedimento mais trabalhoso. Por sua vez, os métodos teóricos e os semiempíricos são muito menos laboriosos, apesar dos riscos de apresentarem maiores incertezas. Neste trabalho, foi realizado um estudo comparativo para verificar se as equações de eficiência determinadas por métodos semiempíricos e experimental teriam desempenhos similares na determinação das concentrações elementares da amostra de referência IAEA/Soil7, em geometria puntual e não puntual, irradiadas no reator de pesquisa TRIGA MARK I IPR-R1. Por métodos semiempíricos, foram aplicados os programas KayZero for Windows, V. 2.42 específico para cálculo de concentração elementar no método k0 de Ativação Neutrônica e o ANGLE V3.0 desenvolvido para cálculo de eficiência de detectores semicondutores para diversas geometrias. Os resultados indicaram, por meio de avaliação estatística, que as eficiências determinadas experimentalmente e por métodos semiempíricos são similares e igualmente eficazes tanto para a amostra puntual quanto para a não puntual. As diferenças observadas nos resultados das concentrações elementares foram relacionadas às correções aplicadas pelo programa e não consideradas quando se usa a planilha eletrônica e não devido às eficiências determinadas. Este estudo mostrou também que o programa KayZero for Windows analisa e considera como puntual amostras com massa cinco vezes maior que a massa das amostras usualmente analisadas, o que expande o campo de aplicação do programa.
Gamma spectrometry is a technique that provides a piece of information on a sample in one measurement, in a fast and non destructive assay. Such technique identifies gamma emitter radionuclides in natural and induced radioactivity, using a radiation detector linked to an electronic system in order to acquire the data and gamma spectra. To determine the full energy peak efficiency of High-Purity Germanium detector is important for gamma-ray spectrometry experiments. The efficiency of a detector is proportionality constant, which relates the activity of the source being counted and the number of counts observed. This efficiency can be determined applying experimental methods, using theoretical and semi empirical methods. Usually, the determination via an experimental procedure is more accurate, however, it is necessary more data acquisition that makes the procedure more tiring. On the other hand, the theoretical and semi empirical methods are less laborious procedures, despite the risks of higher uncertainties. This comparative study was carried out in order to verify whether the full energy peak efficiency curves determined by experimental and semi empirical methods, would present a similar performance on elemental concentration of reference material IAEA/Soil7, prepared in punctual and non-punctual geometries, and irradiated in the TRIGA MARK I IPR-R1 research reactor. It was applied were applied the KayZero for Windows, V. 2.42 a specific software for elemental concentration determination in the k0-stardadization neutron activation analysis - and ANGLE V3.0 specific method to determine semi conductor detectors gamma efficiencies for several sample geometries. Based on statistical tests u-score and Relative Tendency - the results pointed out for two types of sample geometries, the efficiencies determined experimentally and by semi empirical methods are similar, which were fitted well and worked properly. The deviations observed in the results were related to corrections made by the KayZero for Windows software and didnt apply when the values were calculated using the spread sheet and not related to the efficiency curves themselves. Additionally, it was evidenced that KayZero for Windows software is able to analyze a non-punctual sample, with mass 5 times higher that the usual size, as it were punctual. It points out the versatility of the software and expands the application field.
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Descovich, Martina. "Improving the position resolution of highly segmented HPGe detectors using pulse shape analysis methods." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272634.

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Máduar, Marcelo Francis. "Desenvolvimento de um código computacional aberto de análise quantitativa para determinação de radionuclídeos por espectrometria gama com detectores semicondutores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-12082011-150805/.

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A quantificação da atividade de radionuclídeos emissores de raios gama em amostras medidas por espectrometria gama com detectores HPGe depende da análise dos fotopicos presentes no espectro, especialmente da determinação exata das suas áreas líquidas. Tal análise é geralmente realizada com o auxílio de ferramentas de software proprietário. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia, descrição de algoritmos e um aplicativo de código aberto, denominado OpenGamma, para a busca e análise de fotopicos a fim de se obter seus parâmetros relevantes e as atividades dos radionuclídeos na amostra. A implementação computacional é distribuída sob licença aberta para o código principal e com o uso de pacotes de software aberto para o projeto da interface e para bibliotecas matemáticas. O procedimento para a busca de picos é realizado em três etapas. Primeiramente, executa-se uma pesquisa preliminar com o método da segunda diferença, que consiste na geração de um espectro derivado para a busca de picos candidatos. Na segunda etapa, calculam-se as larguras experimentais dos picos, dos quais escolhem-se aqueles bem formados e isolados para a obtenção da função de ajuste da largura vs. canal, por meio do método de Levenberg-Marquardt para ajustes não-lineares. Por fim, regiões do espectro com picos agrupados são delimitadas e novo ajuste não-linear é aplicado a cada região para a obtenção dos termos da linha de base e dos fotopicos. A partir destes termos, são calculadas as áreas líquidas dos picos. Para a determinação da atividade, curvas de calibração de eficiência previamente obtidas, bem como dados de transições gama dos radionuclídeos, são incorporadas ao código e aplicadas. O código foi escrito em linguagem C++ e a interface foi desenvolvida com a ferramenta Qt. Para as funções matemáticas e procedimentos de ajuste, foi usada a biblioteca científica GNU (GSL). A validação de código foi feita por meio da análise de: 1) espectros sintéticos de teste da AIEA, especialmente desenhados para a avaliação de desempenho de software; 2) espectros obtidos com amostras de exercícios de intercomparação e 3) espectros da rotina de trabalho do Laboratório de Radiometria Ambiental (LRA) do IPEN e analisados com o aplicativo comercial InterWinner. Os resultados obtidos são consistentes com os valores de referência e com aqueles obtidos pelo aplicativo citado, sugerindo que o código OpenGamma pode ser utilizado com segurança na espectrometria de raios gama de uso geral.
Radioactivity quantification of gamma-ray emitter radionuclides in samples measured by HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry relies on the analysis of the photopeaks present in the spectra, especially on the accurate determination of their net areas. Such a task is usually performed with the aid of proprietary software tools. This work presents a methodology, algorithm descriptions and an open source application, called OpenGamma, for the peak search and analysis in order to obtain the relevant peaks parameters and radionuclides activities. The computational implementation is released entirely in open-source license for the main code and with the use of open software packages for interface design and mathematical libraries. The procedure for the peak search is performed on a three step approach. Firstly a preliminary search is done by using the second-difference method, consisting in the generation of a derived spectrum in order to find candidate peaks. In the second step, the experimental peaks widths are assessed and well formed and isolated ones are chosen to obtain a FWHM vs. channel relationship, by application of the Levenberg-Marquardt minimization method for non-linear fitting. Lastly, regions of the spectrum with grouped peaks are marked and a non-linear fit is again applied to each region to obtain baseline and photopeaks terms; from these terms, peaks net areas are then assessed. For the activity determination, previously obtained efficiency calibration curves, as well as nuclides gamma-ray data, are incorporated in the code and applied. The code was developed in C++ language and the interface was developed with Qt GUI software toolkit. GNU scientific library, GSL, was employed to perform fitting procedures as needed. Validation of code was done by analyzing: 1) synthetic test spectra from IAEA, especially designed for software performance evaluation; 2) spectra obtained from samples of intercomparison exercises and 3) spectra from routine activities of the Environmental Radiometric Laboratory (LRA) at IPEN and analyzed with the commercial software package InterWinner. Results obtained are consistent with the reference values and with those obtained by the aforementioned package. The results suggest that the OpenGamma code could be safely used in general-purpose gamma-ray spectrometry.
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Damon, Raphael Wesley. "Determination of the photopeak detection efficiency of a HPGe detector, for volume sources, via Monte Carlo simulations." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory (ERL) at iThemba LABS undertakes experimental work using a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector for laboratory measurements. In this study the Monte Carlo transport code, MCNPX, which is a general-purpose Monte Carlo N &minus
Particle code that extends the capabilities of the MCNP code, developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, was used. The study considers how various parameters such as (1) coincidence summing, (2) volume, (3) atomic number (Z) and (4) density, affects the absolute photopeak efficiency of the ERL&rsquo
s HPGe detector in a close geometry (Marinelli beaker) for soil, sand, KCl and liquid samples. The results from these simulations are presented here, together with an intercomparison exercise of two MC codes (MCNPX and a C++ program developed for this study) that determine the energy deposition of a point source in germanium spheres of radii 1 cm and 5 cm.

A sensitivity analysis on the effect of the detector dimensions (dead layer and core of detector crystal) on the photopeak detection efficiency in a liquid sample and the effect of moisture content on the photopeak detection efficiency in sand and soil samples, was also carried out. This study has shown evidence that the dead layer of the ERL HPGe detector may be larger than stated by the manufacturer, possibly due to warming up of the detector crystal. This would result in a decrease in the photopeak efficiency of up to 8 % if the dead layer of the crystal were doubled from its original size of 0.05 cm. This study shows the need for coincidence summing correction factors for the gamma lines (911.1 keV and 968.1 keV) in the 232Th series for determining accurate activity concentrations in environmental samples. For the liquid source the gamma lines, 121.8 keV, 244.7 keV, 444.1 keV and 1085.5 keV of the 152Eu series, together with the 1173.2 keV and 1332.5 keV gamma lines of the 60Co, are particularly prone to coincidence summing. In the investigation into the effects of density and volume on the photopeak efficiency for the KCl samples, it has been found that the simulated results are in good agreement with experimental data. For the range of sample densities that are dealt with by the ERL it has been found that the drop in photopeak efficiency is less than 5 %. This study shows that the uncertainty of the KCl sample activity measurement due to the effect of different filling volumes in a Marinelli beaker is estimated in the range of 0.6 % per mm and is not expected to vary appreciably with photon energy. In the case of the effect of filling height on the efficiency for the soil sample, it was found that there is a large discrepancy in the trends of the simulated and experimental curves. This discrepancy could be a result of the use of only one sand sample in this study and therefore the homogeneity of the sample has to be investigated. The effect of atomic number has been found to be negligible for the soil and sand compositions for energies above 400 keV, however if the composition of the heavy elements is not properly considered when simulating soil and sand samples, the effect of atomic number on the absolute photopeak efficiency in the low energy (<
400 keV) region can make a 14 % difference.
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8

Zocca, F. "New technologies for low-noise wide-dynamic range preamplification of HPGe segmented detector signals." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/60937.

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SANTOS, ROBERTO M. dos. "Desenvolvimento de um método para obtenção da eficiência de detecção para detectores HPGe em medidas com fontes extensas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2012. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10104.

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Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Lewandowski, Lars [Verfasser], Peter [Gutachter] Reiter, and Jan [Gutachter] Jolie. "Pulse-Shape Analysis and Position Resolution in highly segmented HPGe Detectors / Lars Lewandowski ; Gutachter: Peter Reiter, Jan Jolie." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215293755/34.

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Books on the topic "HPGe detectors"

1

Detection of Special Nuclear Material with High Purity Germanium (HPGe) and Mercuric Iodide (HgI2) Gamma Detectors. Storming Media, 2003.

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Hess, Robert. Improvement of HPGe detector spectra by evaluating the pulse rise time. 1994.

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Ackworth, I. N. Coulometric Electrode Array Detectors for Hplc (Progress in Hplc-Hpce , Vol 6). Brill Academic Publishers, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "HPGe detectors"

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"HPSi and HPGe X-Ray Detectors." In Semiconductor X-Ray Detectors, 289–300. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16093-11.

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H. Elaraby, Entesar. "Natural Radioactive Decay." In Recent Techniques and Applications in Ionizing Radiation Research. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91899.

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This chapter is primarily concerned with natural radioactive decay. Generally speaking, there are two types of natural radioactive decays: alpha decays “which contain two neutrons and two protons” emitted from radon gas; additionally, nuclear decay by emission of photons (γ-decay). This chapter aims to describe γ and alpha loss of nuclei and demonstrates how to measure the radioactive material naturally using solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) and high purity Germanium detector (HPGD). Also, methods of measuring the different characteristics of the alpha particle using the track profile technique (TPT) will be presented. Finally, results will be presented in the alpha and radon measurements. The concentration of aerosols has attracted much attention by many researchers in the past decade. Research has shown that aerosols are responsible for harmful chemical reactions that lead to the physical degradation of the stratospheric ozone layer. Moreover, aerosols increase the risk of developing cancer in humans when inhaled in large proportions. Therefore, neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a very important application to measure these concentrations.
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D'Alberti, F., and M. Forte. "Calibration of a HPGe detector for in-situ gamma spectrometry: a comparison between a Monte Carlo based code and an experimental method." In Radioactivity in the Environment, 198–206. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-4860(04)07022-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "HPGe detectors"

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Shaaban, Noha, Wael El Gammal, and Hesham Nasif. "Optimization of Dead-Layer Thickness for a HPGe Detector Using UCODE-MCNP Codes." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75939.

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The use of modeling programs to predict the response of HPGe detectors is increasing in importance due to the extensive laboratory work, both in term of source preparations and measuring time. MCNP code is a powerful and useful tool for the simulation of Ge-detector efficiency calibration. The experimental efficiency data and MCNP calculations based only on the known physical measurements of the HPGe crystal do not agree well in some detectors. Detector construction materials and surface dead layers must be well specified. The dead layer of Ge detector is one of the most important factors that affect the calculations. In addition, and if provided by the manufacturer, the dead layer may changes with time. Consequently, it is necessary to optimize the thickness of the detector’s dead layer in order to obtain more accurate results for the efficiency of the detector using Monte Carlo calculations. Our approach consists of employing hybrid UCODE-MCNP codes to optimize the dead layer of the Ge-crystal aiming at decreasing discrepancies between experimental and simulated data of the Ge detector efficiency. UCODE has two attributes that are not jointly available in other inverse models: (1) the ability to work with any mathematically based model or pre- or post processor with ASCII or text only input and output files, and (2) the inclusion of more informative statistics.
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Liu, Huilan, Yushou Song, Zhaoyang Xie, and Baodong Sun. "The Simulation of Low-Background Gamma Spectrometer With Clover Detector." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15073.

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A low-background gamma spectrometer consists of a high-performance gamma detector and a low-background chamber. It is widely used to monitor the radiation level of the environment and to identify the species of the radiological source. It is especially important for the analysis of the nuclear accident. Usually a high purity Germanium detector (HPGe) is used as a gamma ray detector. In order to enhance the detecting accuracy and sensitivity, it is essential to improve the performance of the gamma detector. In recent years, a clover detector composed of four coaxial HPGe crystals appear and is widely utilized in nuclear physics experimental research. Because of the larger dimensions and segmented structure, it displays outstanding characteristics different from traditional HPGe detectors. With a clover detector as the main detector and the HPLBS1 chamber of ORTEC as the lead chamber, the low-background gamma spectrometer is simulated by the Monte Carlo toolkit GEANT4, where the interaction processes of gamma ray provided by the GEANT4 physics list is used. The detecting performance of the low-background gamma spectrometer such as detecting efficiency and peak-total ratio are given. The results indicate that low-background gamma spectrometer with a clover as the main detector has better characteristic than that with HPGe as a main detector traditionally.
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Unz, Ronald J., Donna M. Rogers, Charles Jones, Jay P. McCown, and Charles A. Waggoner. "Use of Lanthanum Bromide Detectors to Augment Site Surveys for Depleted Uranium." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59169.

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A variety of systems have now been described for use in surveying sites for anthropogenic radiological contamination. Virtually all of these include use of sodium iodide detectors and register detection data with global positioning satellite data. This paper demonstrates how lanthanum bromide detectors can be used to augment existing field surveys in a manner to reduce uncertainty in areas of low count rates and to discriminate between depleted uranium and naturally occurring uranium. The survey system described is equipped with large (20 × 20 × 100 cm) sodium iodide (Alpha Spectra) and 7.5 × 7.5 cm lanthanum bromide (Saint Gobain) detectors. Additional radiological detection equipment (DigiBase) was obtained from ORTEC with survey data collected in the List Mode. Data collected in surveys were then used to generate digital maps using GeoSoft’s Oasis Montaj. Software has been developed to automatically identify areas of increased count rates using user-defined thresholds. This software can collect the count data for the masked area and generate a composite spectrum that can be compared to a reference spectrum believed to represent an uncontaminated area. Ratios of counts attributed to protactinium-234m (Pa-234m) are compared to counts attributed to Bismuth-214 (Bi-214) for both the composite filed survey spectrum and the reference spectrum. Soil samples have been collected from selected sites over a range of soil and geology types for the purpose of collecting data comparing high purity germanium (HPGe) detector and lanthanum bromide (LaBr) detector spectra. These samples have come from areas believed to be devoid of depleted uranium contamination and from areas expected to have higher concentrations of naturally occurring uranium. A library of HPGe and LaBr spectra have been collected comparing: (1) background soil samples with, (2) spectra from the same samples that have been doped with half the remediation threshold activity of depleted uranium, and (3) the remediation threshold activity of depleted uranium. Ratios of the Pa-234m:Bi-214 for both HPGe and LaBr detectors are provided in this paper. This process can be repeated for any site of interest. Background soil samples can be obtained prior to surveying and an equivalent library of spectral ratios generated. Field data from three different sites will be used to show how LaBr detectors can be effectively used as an infield HPGe surrogate for rapid discrimination between DU contamination and areas of high naturally occurring uranium. Areas of maps of questionable contamination are selected and composite LaBr spectra are generated along with Pa-234m:Bi-214 ratio. This is compared to library data to determine the approximate activity of DU present. All areas suspected of DU contamination can also be selected and excluded from the remainder of map data. A composite spectrum from the areas believed to be uncontaminated can be generated and spectral ratios compared library data for clearance purposes.
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Vetter, K. "Employing thin HPGe detectors for gamma-ray imaging." In UNATTENDED RADIATION SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE APPLICATIONS. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1513961.

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Napoli, Daniel R., Gianluigi Maggioni, Sara Carturan, Michele Gelain, Juergen Eberth, Gianantonio Della Mea, Davide De Salvador, et al. "Research and Development in HPGe Detectors at LNL." In 10th Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.194.0042.

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"Digital signal processing techniques for HPGe detectors operation." In 2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2013.6829741.

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Pullia, A., R. Isocrate, R. Venturelli, D. Bazzacco, R. Bassini, and C. Boiano. "Extraction of electrical parameters of HPGe segmented detectors." In 2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37515). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2003.1352101.

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Boston, H. C., J. Gillam, A. J. Boston, R. J. Cooper, J. Cresswell, A. N. Grint, A. R. Mather, et al. "Orthogonal Strip HPGe Planar SmartPET Detectors in Compton Configuration." In 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2006.353837.

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Sokolov, A. D., A. S. Starostin, V. I. Kuzmenko, and A. R. Rozite. "Support of low-level instrument background for HPGe detectors." In 2011 2nd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications (ANIMMA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/animma.2011.6172849.

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Alnour, I. A., H. Wagiran, N. Ibrahim, S. Hamzah, W. B. Siong, and M. S. Elias. "New approach for calibration the efficiency of HpGe detectors." In ADVANCING NUCLEAR RESEARCH AND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT: Proceedings of the International Nuclear Science, Technology & Engineering Conference 2013 (iNuSTEC2013). AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4866101.

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Reports on the topic "HPGe detectors"

1

Salaymeh, S. R. HPGe Detector Efficiency Calibration Using HEU Standards. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/765406.

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2

Winn, W. G. Measurements of radionuclides in Pond C with an underwater HPGe detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/125172.

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Winn, W. G. Measurements of radionuclide in Par Pond sediments with an underwater HPGe detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104999.

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Bounds, John Alan. Mod 1 ICS TI Report: ICS Conversion of a 140% HPGe Detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1261788.

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Cox, Christopher. A Multi-Contact, Low Capacitance HPGe Detector for High Rate Gamma Spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1174277.

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6

Dunn, D. L., W. G. Win, and P. J. Bresnahan. Scoping measurements of radionuclides in L Lake with an underwater HPGe detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/239288.

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Chiang, L. G., R. B. Oberer, C. A. Gunn, E. E. Dukes, and J. A. Akin. Comparison of the NDA of HEU Oxide between the AWCC and the HPGe Detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/973801.

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Kuhn, Austin Lee. Advanced pulse-shape analysis and implementation of gamma-ray tracking in a position-sensitive coaxial HPGe detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/807431.

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Ghosh, Vinita J., Aleksey Bolotnikov, and Upendra S. Rohatgi. A feasibility study exploring the use of high-pressure xenon (HPXe) detectors for the characterization of spent fuel bundles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1049245.

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