Journal articles: 'HPCAA'

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Roe-Shaw, Maggie. "What happened on 18 September 2004: Life after the introduction of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act (HPCAA), 2003." Kairaranga 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54322/kairaranga.v6i1.18.

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This article provides an introduction to The Health Practitioners Competency Assurance Act (HPCAA) which took effect on 18 September 2004. The Act was introduced to provide consistent accountability across health professions and make it easier for the New Zealand public to understand what health service each registered professional provides. To make this transparent, each of the health profession’s Authorities registered under the Act, has consulted widely with members to establish a scope or scopes of practice which the profession operates in. By making these scopes of practice transparent, health professionals will be limitedto specific professional activities defined by their Registration Boards 1 and there will be penalties for operating outside these specified scopes of practice. Thirteen district meetingswere held in 2004 to provide information to field staff about what the HPCAA means for their practice and what they can do about shaping practice to match the requirements of the Act. These meetings raised issues from the field about provision of equipment, professional development, portfolios, competencies, complaints and reflective practice.

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Fayaz, Mohammad, Alireza Abadi, and Soheila Khodakarim. "The Functional Regression With Reconstructed Functions From Hybrid Principal Components Analysis: With EEG-fMRI Application." Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing 10, no. 3 (June 25, 2022): 890–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-1437.

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Objective: In this article, we reconstruct the hybrid data with hybrid principal component analysis (HPCA) as a feature extraction step and model them with functional regression as a modeling step, and comparing models and choose the best number of HPCA based on the prediction accuracy as an evaluation step. Method: We decompose the hybrid data to the eigencomponents with HPCA. The reconstructed data from HPCA were divided into the training and testing dataset. The function-on-function signal compression and scalar-on-function regressions were used. Three simulation scenarios and their applications in the neuroimaging datasets (EEG-fMRI) were studied. The number of HPCA was selected with the mean squared prediction error (MSPE). Result: The simulation shows that the raw data, reconstructed from the first and all HPCAs for the training dataset has median MSPE 0.1001, 0.0028, and 0.0174 respectively, and for the testing, the dataset has 0.3207, 0.1118, and 0.2484 respectively. The EEG-fMRI suggests that in both auditory and visual tasks and standard and target stimuli for different regions of the brain the first HPCA has the smallest MSPE. Conclusions: We conclude this method improves the prediction accuracy of the experiments with the EEG datasets. And we recommend that instead of using the functional PCA on the desired dimension, reconstruct the data with HPCA and average it on the other two dimensions for functional regression models.

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Jumadilov, T. K., A. A. Utesheva, Kh Khimersen, R. G. Kondaurov, and J. V. Grazulevicius. "Abnormal activity of functional groups during uranyl ions sorption by polymethacrylic acid-poly-4-vinylpyridine intergel system." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Chemistry" series 104, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021ch4/47-56.

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Uranyl ions sorption by intergel system consisting of polymethacrylic acid hydrogel (hPMAA) and poly-4-vinylpyridine hydrogel (hP4VP) has been studied. First, reciprocal activation of PMAA and P4VP polymeric hydrogels in water environment was examined in order to predict intergel system sorption activity. Based on the obtained results, it was found that area of maximum hydrogel activation was within the ratios of 100 % hPMAA and 67 % hPMAA:33 % hP4VP. The maximum rate of uranyl ions extraction was also observed within these ratios. The highest uranyl ions sorption by intergel system occurred at 83 %hPMAA:17 % hP4VP ratio. Maximum uranyl ions extraction rate after 56 hours of hydrogels remote interaction was 82.5 %, when polymeric chain binding rate was 9.94 % and effective dynamic exchange capacity was 1.12 mmol/g. Significant increase of intergel system sorption activity within the ratios of 100 % hPMAA and 67 % hPMAA:33 % hP4VP in comparison with initial inactivated hydrogels 100 % hPMAA and 100 % hP4VP was confirmed by combined calculation data of extraction rates of inactivated PMAA and P4VP polymeric hydrogels. The obtained results illustrated changes of initial polymeric hydrogels’ electrochemical sorption properties in intergel system leading to functional groups obtaining higher reactive ability, which made it possible to use them for further development of highly efficient uranyl ions extraction sorption technology

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Jumadilov, T. K., A. A. Utesheva, R. G. Kondaurov, and J. V. Gražulevicius. "FEATURES OF SORPTION OF URANYL IONS BY POLYMETHACRYLIC ACID-POLY-4-VINYLPYRIDINE INTERPOLYMER SYSTEM." Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan 73, no. 1 (March 14, 2021): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51580/2021-1/2710-1185.19.

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The sorption extraction of uranyl ions by interpolymer system consisting of polymethacrylic acid hydrogel (hPMAA) and poly-4-vinylpyridine hydrogel (hP4VP) was studied. Sorption and kinetic characteristics of initial polymers and hPMAA-hP4VP intergel system were determined. Maximum uranyl ions extraction rate - 82,8% - is observed in interpolymer system within the ratios of 100% hPMAA and 67% hPMAA:33%hP4VP 56 hours later,when polymeric chain binding rate was 9,97% and effective dynamic exchange capacity was 1,15mmol/g. Obtained outcomes show changes of initial polymeric hydrogels sorption properties ininterpolymer system, which makes it possible to use them for further development of highly efficient uranyl ions extraction sorption technology.

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Van Niekerk, JP. "The HPCSA and radiology." South African Journal of Radiology 14, no. 2 (June 7, 2010): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v14i2.428.

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There is general agreement that adequate radiation control is essential. But in my opinion there are more important issues that were not in the remit of the committee, namely the proliferation of many diagnostic and therapeutic interventions that are reliant on expensive equipment. Such equipment is often acquired because of its potential revenue generation and that often results in self-referral – a sure way of driving up medical costs through unnecessary procedures.

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Richardson, M. "The HPCSA and radiology." South African Journal of Radiology 14, no. 3 (August 30, 2010): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v14i3.476.

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Jumadilov, Talkybek, Ruslan Kondaurov, Aldan Imangazy, Khuangul Khimersen, and Zamira Malimbayeva. "Anomalous Sorption of Neodymium and Praseodymium Ions by Intergel System Polyacrylic Acid Hydrogel – Poly-4-Vinylpyridine Hydrogel." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 16, no. 1 (February 20, 2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht16.01.007.

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This paper is devoted to study of sorption properties (sorption degree, polymer chain binding degree) of intergel system hydrogel of polyacrylic acid (hPAA) – hydrogel of poly-4-vinylpyridine (hP4VP) in relation to neodymium and praseodymium ions. It was found that remote interaction of the polymers in intergel pairs provides significant changes of the electrochemical and volume gravimetric properties. Strong increase of the swelling degree of hPAA is observed at the ratio 17%hPAA-83%hP4VP; significant increase of swelling degree of hP4VP is observed at the ratio 83%hPAA-17%hP4VP. Individual hydrogels of PAA and P4VP do not have sufficiently high sorption properties – sorption degree of neodymium and praseodymium ions is not higher than 65 %, polymer chain binding degree is not higher than 55 %. High ionization of hPAA and hP4VP due to remote interaction effect provides significant increase (up to 30 %) of the sorption properties. Maximum sorption of neodymium and praseodymium ions occurs at the ratios 83%hPAA-17%hP4VP and 50%hPAA-50%hP4VP (sorption degree is 93.5 % and 93.6 %, respectively). The highest values of polymer chain binding degree (in relation to neodymium and praseodymium ions) are observed at the ratios 83%hPAA-17%hP4VP and 50%hPAA-50%hP4VP – binding degree is 73.2 % and 75.4 %, respectively. Remote interaction provides possibilities for creation of innovative sorption technologies for selective sorption of aimed rare-earth elements.

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Wilkinson, Paul O., and Ian M. Goodyer. "Childhood adversity and allostatic overload of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis: A vulnerability model for depressive disorders." Development and Psychopathology 23, no. 4 (October 21, 2011): 1017–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579411000472.

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AbstractChildhood adversity is associated with increased risk for onset of depressive episodes. This review will present evidence that allostatic overload of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPAA) partially mediates this association. The HPAA is the physiological system that regulates levels of the stress hormone cortisol. First, data from animals and humans has shown that early environmental adversity is associated with long-term dysregulation of the HPAA. This may occur due to permanent epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor. Second, data from humans has demonstrated that HPAA dysregulation is associated with increased risk of future depression onset in healthy individuals, and pharmacological correction of HPAA dysregulation reduces depressive symptoms. HPAA dysregulation may result in corticoid-mediated abnormalities in neurogenesis in early life and/or neurotoxicity on neural systems that subserve emotion and cognition.

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Achahbar, Ouidad, and Mohamed Riduan Abid. "The Impact of Virtualization on High Performance Computing Clustering in the Cloud." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 6, no. 4 (October 2015): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2015100104.

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The ongoing pervasiveness of Internet access is intensively increasing Big Data production. This, in turn, increases demand on compute power to process this massive data, and thus rendering High Performance Computing (HPC) into a high solicited service. Based on the paradigm of providing computing as a utility, the Cloud is offering user-friendly infrastructures for processing Big Data, e.g., High Performance Computing as a Service (HPCaaS). Still, HPCaaS performance is tightly coupled with the underlying virtualization technique since the latter is responsible for the creation of virtual machines that carry out data processing jobs. In this paper, the authors evaluate the impact of virtualization on HPCaaS. They track HPC performance under different Cloud virtualization platforms, namely KVM and VMware-ESXi, and compare it against physical clusters. Each tested cluster provided different performance trends. Yet, the overall analysis of the findings proved that the selection of virtualization technology can lead to significant improvements when handling HPCaaS.

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Jumadilov, Talkybek, Zamira Malimbayeva, Leila Yskak, Oleg Suberlyak, Ruslan Kondaurov, Aldan Imangazy, Laura Agibayeva, Auez Akimov, Khuangul Khimersen, and Akerke Zhuzbayeva. "Comparative Characteristics of Polymethacrylic Acid Hydrogel Sorption Activity in Relation to Lanthanum Ions in Different Intergel Systems." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 418–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht16.03.418.

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Phenomena of remote interaction in intergel systems polymethacrylic acid hydrogel – poly-4-vinylpyridine hydrogel (hPMAA-hP4VP) and polymethacrylic acid hydrogel – poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine hydrogel (hPMAA-hP2M5VP) have been studied. It was found that there is a decrease of specific electric conductivity, pH and swelling degree of PMAA, P4VP, P2M5VP hydrogels during lanthanum ions sorption by the intergel systems. Significant increase of sorption properties (up to 30 %) in intergel systems comparatively with individual hydrogels of PMAA, P4VP, P2M5VP points to the fact of high ionization during mutual activation of the polymers. Maximum sorption of lanthanum ions occurs at the ratios of 17%hPMAA:83%hP4VP and 50%hPMAA:50%hP2M5VP. Data on obtained IR spectra evidence to the sorption of the rare-earth metal by these intergel systems. The obtained results show a significant importance of possible application of intregel systems based on rare-crosslinked polymer hydrogels of acid and basic nature for creation of new innovative sorption technologies in hydrometallurgy.

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Fan, Ruyue, Xiurui Han, Di Xiao, Lihua He, Yanan Gong, Lu Sun, Dongjie Fan, et al. "Identification of Functional Interactome of Gastric Cancer Cells with Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Protein HpaA by HPLC-MS/MS." BioMed Research International 2020 (June 5, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1052926.

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HpaA as an outer membrane protein of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays a significant role in the adhesion to the human stomach, but the functional relation between HpaA and gastric epithelial cells is still not clear. To screen the interaction between HpaA and cellular proteins in gastric epithelial cells, the HpaA protein from H. pylori 26695 fused with a tag (6× His) was expressed and purified successfully, the secondary structure was estimated by the Circular Dichroism (CD) spectrum, and the purified recombinant protein was used to perform the pull-down assays with gastric cancer cell lines (AGS and SGC-7901) lysates, respectively. The pull-down proteins were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry system (HPLC-MS/MS). A total of 9 and 13 proteins related were analyzed from AGS and SGC-7901 cell lysates, respectively. ANXA2 was considered as putative HpaA functional partner discovered from lysates of both cell lines with high score and coverage. It is hypothesized that HpaA may be involved in the biological process of regulation of transcription and nucleic acid metabolism during the adhesion of H. pylori to human gastric epithelial cells, and HpaA-binding proteins also be used as targets for the development of antiadhesion drugs against H. pylori.

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Utesheva, A. A., and J. V. Grazulevicius. "Specific features of uranyl ions extraction by interpolymer system based on polyacrylic acid and polyethyleneimine hydrogels." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 4, no. 319 (October 28, 2021): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2021/6445.42.

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Uranyl ions sorption of by interpolymer system consisting of polyacrylic acid hydrogel (hPAA) and polyethyleneimine hydrogel (hPEI) has been studied. Rate of uranyl ions extraction by the initial polymers and interpolymer system hPAA-hPEI, polymeric chain binding rate and dynamic exchange capacity of initial polymers and interpolymer system hPAA-hPEI were calculated. Based on obtained outcomes it was found that area of maximum rate of uranyl ions extraction is within the ratios of 67%hPAA:33%hPEI and 33%hPAA:67%hPEI. Maximum uranyl ions extraction rate after 48 hours of hydrogels remote interaction was 90.0 %, when polymeric chain binding rate was 9.1 % and dynamic exchange capacity was 1.14 mmol/g. Rate of uranyl ions extraction by the initial polymer hydrogels 100 % hPAA and 100 % hPEI was 68.0 % and 52.0%. Obtained outcomes showed changes of initial polymeric hydrogels sorption properties in intergel system leading to functional groups obtaining higher reactive ability, which makes it possible to use them for further development of highly efficient uranyl ions extraction sorption technology.

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van Die-de Vries, Janneke, Jeanine Verbunt, Stephan Ramaekers, Patrick Calders, and Raoul Engelbert. "Generalized Joint Hypermobility and Anxiety Are Serious Risk Factors for Dysfunctioning in Dance Students: A One-Year Follow-Up Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 2662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052662.

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Young professional dancers find themselves in a demanding environment. GJH within dancers is often seen as aesthetically beneficial and a sign of talent but was found to be potentially disabling. Moreover, high-performing adolescents and young adults (HPAA), in this specific lifespan, might be even more vulnerable to anxiety-related disability. Therefore, we examined the development of the association between the presence of Generalized Joint Hypermobility (GJH) and anxiety within HPAA with a one-year follow-up. In 52.3% of the HPAA, anxiety did not change significantly over time, whereas GJH was present in 28.7%. Fatigue increased significantly in all HPAA at one year follow-up (respectively, females MD (SD) 18(19), p < 0.001 and males MD (SD) 9(19), p < 0.05). A significantly lower odds ratio (ß (95% CI) 0.4 (0.2–0.9); p-value 0.039) for participating in the second assessment was present in HPAA with GJH and anxiety with a 55% dropout rate after one year. This confirms the segregation between GJH combined with anxiety and GJH alone. The fatigue levels of all HPAA increased significantly over time to a serious risk for sick leave and work disability. This study confirms the association between GJH and anxiety but especially emphasizes the disabling role of anxiety. Screening for anxiety is relevant in HPAA with GJH and might influence tailored interventions.

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Dias, Patrícia, Jana Pourová, Marie Vopršalová, Iveta Nejmanová, and Přemysl Mladěnka. "3-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A Blood Pressure-Reducing Flavonoid Metabolite." Nutrients 14, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14020328.

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Regular intake of polyphenol-rich food has been associated with a wide variety of beneficial health effects, including the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, the parent flavonoids have mostly low bioavailability and, hence, their metabolites have been hypothesized to be bioactive. One of these metabolites, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3-HPAA), formed by the gut microbiota, was previously reported to exert vasorelaxant effects ex vivo. The aim of this study was to shed more light on this effect in vivo, and to elucidate the mechanism of action. 3-HPAA gave rise to a dose-dependent decrease in arterial blood pressure when administered i.v. both as a bolus and infusion to spontaneously hypertensive rats. In contrast, no significant changes in heart rate were observed. In ex vivo experiments, where porcine hearts from a slaughterhouse were used to decrease the need for laboratory animals, 3-HPAA relaxed precontracted porcine coronary artery segments via a mechanism partially dependent on endothelium integrity. This relaxation was significantly impaired after endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibition. In contrast, the blockade of SKCa or IKCa channels, or muscarinic receptors, did not affect 3-HPAA relaxation. Similarly, no effects of 3-HPAA on cyclooxygenase nor L-type calcium channels were observed. Thus, 3-HPAA decreases blood pressure in vivo via vessel relaxation, and this mechanism might be based on the release of nitric oxide by the endothelial layer.

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Carlsohn, Elisabet, Johanna Nyström, Ingrid Bölin, Carol L. Nilsson, and Ann-Mari Svennerholm. "HpaA Is Essential for Helicobacter pylori Colonization in Mice." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 2 (February 2006): 920–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.74.2.920-926.2006.

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ABSTRACT Infection with the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori can give rise to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. All H. pylori strains express the surface-localized protein HpaA, a promising candidate for a vaccine against H. pylori infection. To study the physiological importance of HpaA, a mutation of the hpaA gene was introduced into a mouse-adapted H. pylori strain. To justify that the interruption of the hpaA gene did not cause any polar effects of downstream genes or was associated with a second site mutation, the protein expression patterns of the mutant and wild-type strains were characterized by two different proteomic approaches. Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis analysis of whole-cell extracts and subcellular fractionation combined with nano-liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for outer membrane protein profiling revealed only minor differences in the protein profile between the mutant and the wild-type strains. Therefore, the mutant strain was tested for its colonizing ability in a well-established mouse model. While inoculation with the wild-type strain resulted in heavily H. pylori-infected mice, the HpaA mutant strain was not able to establish colonization. Thus, by combining proteomic analysis and in vivo studies, we conclude that HpaA is essential for the colonization of H. pylori in mice.

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Ying, Xiangxian, Can Wang, Shuai Shao, Qizhou Wang, Xueting Zhou, Yanbing Bai, Liang Chen, Chenze Lu, Man Zhao, and Zhao Wang. "Efficient Oxidation of Methyl Glycolate to Methyl Glyoxylate Using a Fusion Enzyme of Glycolate Oxidase, Catalase and Hemoglobin." Catalysts 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080943.

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Possessing aldehyde and carboxyl groups, glyoxylic acid and its ester derivatives serve as platform chemicals for the synthesis of vanillin, (R)-pantolactone, antibiotics or agrochemicals. Methyl glycolate is one of the by-products in the coal-to-glycol industry, and we attempted its value-added use through enzymatic oxidation of methyl glycolate to methyl glyoxylate. The cascade catalysis of glycolate oxidase from Spinacia oleracea (SoGOX), catalase from Helicobacter pylori (HpCAT) and hemoglobin from Vitreoscilla stercoraria (VsHGB) was firstly constructed, despite poor catalytic performance. To enable efficient oxidation of methyl glycolate, eight fusion enzymes of SoGOX, HpCAT and VsHGB were constructed by varying the orientation and the linker length. The fusion enzyme VsHGB-GSG-SoGOX-GGGGS-HpCAT was proved to be best, which reaction yield was 2.9 times higher than that of separated enzymes. The enzyme SoGOX was further subjected to directed evolution and site-saturation mutagenesis. The reaction yield of the resulting variant M267T/S362G was 1.9 times higher than that of the wild type. Then, the double substitution M267T/S362G was integrated with fusion expression to give the fusion enzyme VsHGB-GSG-SoGOXmut-GGGGS-HpCAT, which crude enzyme was used as biocatalyst. The use of crude enzyme virtually eliminated side reactions and simplified the preparation of biocatalysts. Under the optimized conditions, the crude enzyme VsHGB-GSG-SoGOXmut-GGGGS-HpCAT catalyzed the oxidation of 200 mM methyl glycolate for 6 h, giving a yield of 95.3%. The development of efficient fusion enzyme and the use of its crude enzyme paved the way for preparative scale application on enzymatic oxidation of methyl glycolate to methyl glyoxylate.

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Ross, Andrew, S. S. Naidoo, and Siyabonga Dlamini. "An evaluation of the medical internship programme at King Edward VIII hospital, South Africa in 2016." South African Family Practice 60, no. 6 (November 30, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v60i6.5013.

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Background: In 2005, the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) extended the duration of the internship programme to ensure that all young medical graduates are adequately prepared to work at a district hospital during their year of community service. King Edward VIII hospital (KEH) is an HPCSA accredited training hospital, which has been training interns for many years. The aim of this study was to assess intern perceptions of their training at the hospital.Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at KEH in November 2016. A questionnaire was used to collect data, which were analysed descriptively.Results: Only 53% of interns completed the questionnaire. Although teaching and supervision were provided in all domains, perceptions of the quality ranged from excellent to poor. The majority of interns worked the 64–80 hours per month commuted overtime as required by the HPCSA. However, less than 10% expressed positive views regarding the condition of the facilities and infrastructure.Discussion and conclusions: The findings of this study were generally positive with regard to teaching, supervision and hours worked, mostly in accordance with the requirements of the HPCSA. However, a response rate of 53% as well as the single location of the study may limit generalisability and a larger study involving interns across the country is recommended.

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Edeling, H. J., N. B. Mabuya, P. Engelbrecht, K. D. Rosman, and D. A. Birrell. "HPCSA Serious Injury Narrative Test guideline." South African Medical Journal 103, no. 10 (September 4, 2013): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.7118.

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Barha, C. K., K. G. Salvante, M. J. Jones, P. Farré, J. Blais, M. S. Kobor, L. Zeng, E. Emberly, and P. A. Nepomnaschy. "Early post-conception maternal cortisol, children’s HPAA activity and DNA methylation profiles." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 10, no. 1 (November 15, 2018): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174418000880.

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AbstractThe hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPAA) plays a critical role in the functioning of all other biological systems. Thus, studying how the environment may influence its ontogeny is paramount to understanding developmental origins of health and disease. The early post-conceptional (EPC) period could be particularly important for the HPAA as the effects of exposures on organisms’ first cells can be transmitted through all cell lineages. We evaluate putative relationships between EPC maternal cortisol levels, a marker of physiologic stress, and their children’s pre-pubertal HPAA activity (n=22 dyads). Maternal first-morning urinary (FMU) cortisol, collected every-other-day during the first 8 weeks post-conception, was associated with children’s FMU cortisol collected daily around the start of the school year, a non-experimental challenge, as well as salivary cortisol responses to an experimental challenge (all Ps<0.05), with some sex-related differences. We investigated whether epigenetic mechanisms statistically mediated these links and, therefore, could provide cues as to possible biological pathways involved. EPC cortisol was associated with >5% change in children’s buccal epithelial cells’ DNA methylation for 867 sites, while children’s HPAA activity was associated with five CpG sites. Yet, no CpG sites were related to both, EPC cortisol and children’s HPAA activity. Thus, these epigenetic modifications did not statistically mediate the observed physiological links. Larger, prospective peri-conceptional cohort studies including frequent bio-specimen collection from mothers and children will be required to replicate our analyses and, if our results are confirmed, identify biological mechanisms mediating the statistical links observed between maternal EPC cortisol and children’s HPAA activity.

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Wu, Xiao Hong, Tong Xiang Cai, Bin Wu, and Jun Sun. "Research on the Variety Discrimination of Apple Using a Hybrid Possibilistic Clustering." Advanced Materials Research 710 (June 2013): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.710.768.

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Near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy has been used to obtain NIR spectra of two varieties of apple samples. The dimensionality of NIR spectra was reduced by principal component analysis (PCA), and discriminant information was extracted by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Last, a hybrid possibilistic clustering algorithm (HPCA) was utilized as classifier to discriminate the apple samples of different varieties. HPCA integrates possibilistic clustering algorithm (PCA) and improved possibilistic c-means (IPCM) clustering algorithm, and produces not only the membership values but also typicality values by simple computation of the sample co-variance. Experimental results showed that HPCA, as an unsupervised learning algorithm, could quickly and easily discriminate the apple varieties.

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Hua, Zisen, Xuewen Rong, Yibin Li, Hui Chai, Bin Li, and Shuaishuai Zhang. "Analysis and Verification on Energy Consumption of the Quadruped Robot with Passive Compliant Hydraulic Servo Actuator." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010340.

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The hydraulic servo actuator with passive compliance (HPCA) is designed for hydraulically-driven quadruped robots. It is characterized by an accumulator that connects to the piston chamber of the hydraulic cylinder to buffer impact forces between a robot’s feet and the ground. This paper studies the energy efficiency of this actuator in the dynamic locomotion of a quadruped robot. Different from the traditional methods of storing potentially recyclable energy using accumulators, the energy-saving principle of HPCA is to utilize the pressure-transition characteristics of the asymmetric hydraulic cylinder with control of the symmetrical valve. The accumulator can store and release oil during the switching of the transition point in each gait cycle of the robot, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the actuator. The influence of the initial inflation pressure and working volume of the accumulator on the energy efficiency of the HPCA is studied by simulation and physical experiments. The results show that the HPCA has a higher energy efficiency that is independent of the physical parameters of the accumulator.

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Zeng, Lin, and Shouguang Jin. "aph(3′)-IIb, a Gene Encoding an Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzyme, Is under the Positive Control of Surrogate Regulator HpaA." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 12 (December 2003): 3867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.12.3867-3876.2003.

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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa harbors a chromosomal aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene, aph(3′)-IIb, which confers P. aeruginosa resistance to several important aminoglycoside antibiotics, including kanamycin A and B, neomycin B and C, butirosin, and seldomycin F5. The aph(3′)-IIb gene has been found to be regulated by an AraC-type transcriptional regulator (HpaA) encoded by a gene located upstream of the aph(3′)-IIb gene. In the presence of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA), HpaA activates the expression of aph(3′)-IIb as well as that of the hpa regulon which encodes metabolic enzymes for the utilization of 4-HPA. hpaA and aph(3′)-IIb form an operon, and in response to the presence of 4-HPA, the wild-type P. aeruginosa strain PAK (but not its hpaA mutant strain) displays increased resistance to neomycin. A survey of 39 clinical and 19 environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa demonstrated in all of them the presence of an hpaA-aph gene cluster, while 56 out of the 58 isolates are able to utilize the 4-HPA as a sole carbon source, suggesting a feature common to P. aeruginosa strains. Interestingly, a larger portion of clinical isolates than environmental isolates showed 4-HPA-induced resistance to neomycin. The aph(3′)-IIb gene product is likely to function as a metabolic enzyme which has a cross-reactivity with aminoglycosides. These findings provide new insight into the possible mechanism of P. aeruginosa antibiotic resistance.

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Li, Cun, Emma Ramahi, Mark J. Nijland, Jaeyhek Choi, Dean A. Myers, Peter W. Nathanielsz, and Thomas J. McDonald. "Up-Regulation of the Fetal Baboon Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Coincidence with Hypothalamic Glucocorticoid Receptor Insensitivity and Leptin Receptor Down-Regulation." Endocrinology 154, no. 7 (April 26, 2013): 2365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-2111.

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Abstract Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an important fetal developmental problem resulting from 2 broad causes: maternal undernutrition and/or decreased fetal nutrient delivery to the fetus via placental insufficiency. IUGR is often accompanied by up-regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA). Sheep studies show fetal HPAA autonomy in late gestation. We hypothesized that IUGR, resulting from poor fetal nutrient delivery, up-regulates the fetal baboon HPAA in late gestation, driven by hypothalamo-pituitary glucocorticoid receptor (GR) insensitivity and decreased fetal leptin in peripheral plasma. Maternal baboons were fed as ad libitum controls or nutrient restricted to produce IUGR (fed 70% of the control diet) from 0.16 to 0.9 gestation. Peripheral ACTH, cortisol, and leptin were measured by immunoassays. CRH, arginine vasopressin (AVP), GR, leptin receptor (ObRb), and pro-opiomelanocortin peptide expression were determined immunohistochemically. IUGR fetal peripheral cortisol and ACTH, but not leptin, were increased (P < .05). IUGR increased CRH peptide expression, but not AVP, in the fetal hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and median eminence (P < .05). PVN ObRb peptide expression, but not GR, was decreased (P < .05) with IUGR. ObRb and pro-opiomelanocortin were robustly expressed in the anterior pituitary gland, but ∼1% of cells showed colocalization. We conclude that (1) CRH, not AVP, is the major releasing hormone driving ACTH and cortisol secretion during primate IUGR, (2) fetal HPAA activation was aided by GR insensitivity and decreased ObRb expression in the PVN, and (3) the anterior pituitary is not a site for ObRb effects on the HPAA.

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Bateman, Chris. "'No deals’ for unlucky few strikers – HPCSA." South African Medical Journal 100, no. 8 (July 27, 2010): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.4343.

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London, L. "HPCSA disciplinary action - 'Custodian of professional morals?'." South African Medical Journal 100, no. 11 (November 9, 2010): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.4508.

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26

Keller, Ken. "High Plains Society for Applied Anthropology (HPSAA)." NAPA Bulletin 6, no. 1 (January 8, 2008): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/napa.1988.6.1.13.

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Turnbull, Andrew V., Sukhpal Prehar, Adam R. Kennedy, Roderick A. Little, and Stephen J. Hopkins. "Interleukin-6 Is an Afferent Signal to the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis during Local Inflammation in Mice." Endocrinology 144, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 1894–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2002-220964.

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The cytokines IL-1 and IL-6 are able to induce prostaglandin (PG)-dependent activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) and are thought to play key roles in immune-neuroendocrine interactions during inflammation. The present study shows that inflammation induced by im injection of turpentine (TPS) in the hind limb of mice causes an increase in the plasma concentration of IL-6, but not that of IL-1α or IL-1β, together with a prolonged (>18-h) activation of the HPAA. IL-6 plays a causal role in the TPS-induced elevation in HPAA activity, because the sustained (8–18 h) increases in 1) plasma corticosterone, 2) plasma ACTH, and 3) induction of c-Fos in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus are all markedly blunted in IL-6-deficient (IL-6−/−) mice. Peripheral administration of a neutralizing IL-6 antiserum inhibited the plasma corticosterone response of normal (C57BL/6) mice to hind limb inflammation to an extent similar to that seen in IL-6−/− mice, suggesting that the IL-6 responsible for the increased HPAA activity is produced, or acts, on the blood side of the blood-brain barrier. We also show that IL-6 in the circulation is induced almost exclusively at the local inflammatory site, where IL-1β is produced. Induction of IL-6 and activation of the HPAA are dependent upon prior activation of an IL-1 type I receptor, as both are inhibited in type I IL-1 receptor-deficient mice. Furthermore, hind limb inflammation induced cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression around the cerebrovasculature of normal (IL-6+/+), but not IL-6−/−, mice. Based on these data, we propose that IL-6 is produced at the local inflammatory site under the control of IL-1β and is the circulating afferent signal that is in part responsible for elevated HPAA activity, possibly acting via eicosanoid production within the cerebrovasculature.

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Jumadilov, T. K., Z. B. Malimbayeva, Kh Khimersen, I. S. Saparbekova, A. M. Imangazy, and O. V. Suberlyak. "Specific features of praseodymium extraction by intergel system based on polyacrylic acid and poly-4-vinylpyridine hydrogels." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Chemistry" series 103, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021ch3/53-59.

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Some technological solutions contain valuable components and can become an additional source of rare-earth elements to satisfy the current production demands. This research provides the study on using a combination of polyacrylic acid hydrogel (hPAA) and hydrogel of poly-4-vinylpyridine (hP4VP) in different molar ratios for praseodymium ions sorption from its nitrate solution. The mutual activation of the hydrogels in an aqueous medium provides their transformation into a highly ionized state by the conformational and electrochemical changes in properties during their remote interaction. The electrochemical properties of solutions were studied by the methods of electrical conductivity, and pH measurements of the solutions. The research showed that the maximum activation of hydrogels was revealed within the molar ratio of hPAA:hP4VP equal to 1:5. Moreover, the total praseodymium ions sorption degree after 24 hours of sorption by individual hPAA and hP4VP was 54 % and 47 %, respectively, whereas the praseodymium ions sorption degree by the hPAA–hP4VP intergel system in the molar ratio 1:5 became 62 %. A slight increase in the sorption degree of praseodymium ions by the intergel system in comparison with individual hydrogels can be explained by the achievement of a higher ionization degree of hydrogels being activated in the hPAA–hP4VP interpolymer system by the remote interaction effect.

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Attallah, Abdelfattah M., Hisham Ismail, Gellan G. Ibrahim, Mohamed Abdel-Raouf, Ahmed M. El-Waseef, and Mohamed Abdel-Wahab. "Use of a Novel Enzyme Immunoassay Based on Detection of Circulating Antigen in Serum for Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 11, no. 4 (July 2004): 775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.11.4.775-779.2004.

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ABSTRACT Recently, noninvasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection have gained in significance. We have developed a sensitive and specific noninvasive immunoassay based on the detection of an H. pylori circulating antigen (HpCA) in sera from H. pylori-infected individuals. Monospecific antibody and Western blot analyses were used to demonstrate the presence of the target antigen in H. pylori cell lysate and serum samples. A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of HpCA in serum. Endoscopic biopsy specimens from the gastric antra of 221 individuals (143 males and 78 females) with dyspeptic symptoms were evaluated for H. pylori infection, with culture used as a “gold standard” for diagnosis. The target H. pylori antigen was identified at 58 kDa. HpCA has been detected by ELISA with high degrees of sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency (>90%), and ELISA results show no significant difference (P > 0.05) from results of H. pylori culture of gastric biopsy specimens. The test's positive and negative predictive values were also high (95 and 86%, respectively). In conclusion, a sensitive and specific immunoassay was developed for the detection of HpCA in human serum. This test can be applied for noninvasive laboratory and field diagnoses of H. pylori infection.

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Jumadilov, Talkybek, Ruslan Kondaurov, and Aldan Imangazy. "Application of the Remote Interaction Effect and Molecular Imprinting in Sorption of Target Ions of Rare Earth Metals." Polymers 14, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14020321.

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The goal of the present work is a comparative study of the effectiveness of the application of intergel systems and molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective sorption and separation of neodymium and scandium ions. The following physico-chemical methods of analysis were used in this study: colorimetry and atomic-emission spectroscopy. The functional polymers of polyacrylic acid (hPAA) and poly-4-vinylpyridine (hP4VP) in the intergel system undergo significant changes in the initial sorption properties. The remote interaction of the polymers in the intergel system hPAA–hP4VP provides mutual activation of these macromolecules, with subsequent transfer into a highly ionized state. The maximum sorption of neodymium and scandium ions is observed at molar ratios of 83%hPAA:17%hP4VP and 50%hPAA:50%hP4VP. Molecularly imprinted polymers MIP(Nd) and MIP(Sc) show good results in the sorption of Nd and Sc ions. Based on both these types of these macromolecular structures, principally new sorption methods have been developed. The method based on the application of the intergel system is cheaper and easier in application, but there is some accompanying sorption (about 10%) of another metal from the model solution during selective sorption and separation. Another method, based on the application of molecularly imprinted polymers, is more expensive and the sorption properties are higher, with the simultaneous sorption of the accompanying metal from the model solution.

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Bateman, Chris. "Doctors’ political powers unfairly diluted – new HPCSA President." South African Medical Journal 101, no. 4 (April 4, 2011): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.4878.

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LUNDSTROM, ANNELI M., INGRID BOLIN, MONA BYSTROM, and SUSANNE NYSTROM. "Recombinant HpaA purified from Escherichia coli has biological properties similar to those of native Helicobacter pylori HpaA." APMIS 111, no. 3 (March 2003): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0463.2003.t01-1-1110203.x.

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Sutherland, Alasdair George, Gary A. Cameron, David A. Alexander, and James D. Hutchison. "Proinflammatory Markers in Prediction of Posttraumatic Psychological Symptoms: A Prospective Cohort Study." Mediators of Inflammation 2008 (2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/640659.

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Introduction. Posttraumatic psychopathology (PTP) describes the spectrum of conditions that can complicate the recovery from commonly occurring musculoskeletal trauma. There is a clear association with the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA), and we wished to examine the predictive value of proinflammatory markers of the HPAA and of the GABA, which acts as an inhibitory regulator.Methods. Levels of proinflammatory markers and GABA were measured in 84 patients who had suffered musculoskeletal injuries requiring hospitalisation. PTP was assessed by the use of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) at presentation and again at two- and six-month reviews.Results. Significant psychological disturbance was noted in 39% of patients at two months and falling back to 18% by six months. There was no correlation between any of the markers tested at presentation and PTP at follow-up.Discussion. The HPAA response to trauma and the development of PTP are extremely complex. It is unlikely that a simple blood assay will provide significant predictive information, while incident specific information and patient perception are of more practical use.

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Fantuzzi, G., E. Di Santo, S. Sacco, F. Benigni, and P. Ghezzi. "Role of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in the regulation of TNF production in mice. Effect of stress and inhibition of endogenous glucocorticoids." Journal of Immunology 155, no. 7 (October 1, 1995): 3552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.155.7.3552.

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Abstract Glucocorticoids (GC) are known inhibitors of TNF production and are increased by endotoxin (LPS) through a stimulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA), suggesting a feedback mechanism. We tried different approaches to study the role of the HPAA and endogenous GC in the regulation of TNF production. Cyanoketone, a GC synthesis inhibitor, inhibited corticosterone (CS) induction by LPS and increased LPS-induced serum TNF levels. Similar results were obtained by pretreating mice with anticorticotropin-releasing hormone Abs. Administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone increased blood CS and inhibited LPS-induced serum TNF. TNF production by mouse blood stimulated in vitro with LPS was inhibited by addition of CS. Blood from stressed or adrenocorticotropic-releasing hormone-treated mice (in which CS levels are elevated) stimulated ex vivo with LPS produced significantly less TNF than blood from control mice. Normal TNF production was restored by the addition of the GC receptor antagonist RU 38486, indicating a role for the elevated endogenous CS levels in the inhibition of TNF production. These data indicate that the HPAA is a major regulator of TNF production.

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Kumarasamy, Vasumathy, Murray D. Mitchell, Frank H. Bloomfield, Mark H. Oliver, Melanie E. Campbell, John R. G. Challis, and Jane E. Harding. "Effects of periconceptional undernutrition on the initiation of parturition in sheep." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, no. 1 (January 2005): R67—R72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00357.2004.

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In sheep, parturition is initiated by increased fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) activity leading to PGE2 and PGF2α production and a rise in the 17β-estradiol-progesterone (E2/P4) ratio. Uteroplacental PG production can also increase fetal HPAA activity. Periconceptional maternal undernutrition accelerates fetal HPAA maturation resulting in preterm labor. We determined whether preterm labor was preceded by an increase in PG concentrations and E2/P4 ratio and whether these increases preceded or followed the corresponding rise in cortisol concentrations. Singleton-bearing ewes were nourished ad libitum (N, n = 9) or undernourished (UN, n = 10) to reduce maternal weight by 15% from −61 days (d) to +30 d after mating with ad libitum intake thereafter. Paired maternal and fetal blood samples were collected from 126 d until delivery. Half the UN group delivered prematurely (>2 SD below mean gestation for the flock). PG and cortisol concentrations and E2/P4 ratio increased before delivery in the same way in both groups. However, the increases occurred 7–10 d earlier in UN than in N animals. In both UN and N fetuses cortisol concentrations rose before fetal and maternal PG concentrations and maternal E2/P4 ratio. Periconceptional maternal undernutrition induces preterm delivery in sheep by advancing the expected prepartum rise in cortisol and PG concentrations and E2/P4 ratio. The rise in fetal cortisol concentration precedes the rise in fetal and maternal PG concentrations and maternal E2/P4 ratio, suggesting that the underlying mechanism is likely to be acceleration of fetal HPAA maturation, resulting in initiation of the normal process of parturition.

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Voland, Petra, Nadia Hafsi, Marco Zeitner, Stephanie Laforsch, Hermann Wagner, and Christian Prinz. "Antigenic Properties of HpaA and Omp18, Two Outer Membrane Proteins of Helicobacter pylori." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 7 (July 2003): 3837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.7.3837-3843.2003.

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ABSTRACT Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are incorporated into the outer plasma membrane of Helicobacter pylori and are important for, e.g., ion transport, adherence, structural and osmotic stability, and bacterial virulence but may also be antigenic due to their surface exposure. Previous proteome-based approaches with H. pylori lysates determined a strong serological reaction towards two H. pylori OMPs, HpaA (TIGR HP0797) and Omp18 (TIGR HP1125). PCR was used to detect DNA encoding the two proteins, and a positive signal was found in all H. pylori strains tested. Proteins were cloned and expressed in the human kidney cell line HK293 with the QiaExpressionist system with a C-terminal His tag. Only sera from infected persons showed a positive reaction with the recombinant proteins. Recombinant HpaA (rHpaA) and rOmp18 were incubated with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and induced secretion of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-10 from these cells. To determine the effect on antigen-presenting cells, human blood monocytic and dendritic cells (DCs) were isolated by magnetic cell separation. rOmp18 and rHpaA strongly stimulated major histocompatibility class II and CD83 expression 7- to 10-fold on isolated DCs. rHpaA and rOmp18 failed to stimulate IL-8 secretion from monocytes but increased secretion of IL-12 and IL-10 from DCs significantly. In summary, HpaA and Omp18 are recognized by human dendritic cells and induce their maturation as well as antigen presentation. HpaA and Omp18 of H. pylori thereby appear to have a specific antigenic potential in humans.

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Chida, Dai, Toshihiro Imaki, Toshihiro Suda, and Yoichiro Iwakura. "Involvement of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone- and Interleukin (IL)-6-Dependent Proopiomelanocortin Induction in the Anterior Pituitary during Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activation by IL-1α." Endocrinology 146, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 5496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-0409.

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IL-1α/β and IL-6 are endogenous modulator of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) and are thought to play key roles in immune-neuroendocrine interactions during inflammation. Here, we show IL-1α induced a normal HPAA activation in IL-1α/β knockout (KO) and IL-6 KO mice at 1 h; however, at 6 h HPAA activation was reduced relative to wild-type mice, indicating a role for endogenous IL-1α/β and IL-6 in prolonged HPAA activation. We found that the induction of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) transcript in the anterior pituitary (AP) at 6 h in response to IL-1α was reduced in IL-1α/β KO and IL-6 KO mice, as well as in CRH KO mice, suggesting IL-1α/β, IL-6, and CRH are all required for POMC induction. The induction of CRH transcript in the paraventricular nucleus at 6 h and plasma IL-6 levels, in response to IL-1α, were reduced in IL-1α/β KO mice. Because IL-1α-induced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in the AP was also suppressed in IL-6 KO mice, we suggest that plasma IL-6 is first induced by IL-1α, and IL-6 activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in the AP, leading to the induction of POMC in concert with CRH. Our results suggest a role for IL-1α/β in the induction of POMC in the AP through the induction of two independent pathways, CRH and IL-6.

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Colodrero, Rosario M. P., Inés R. Salcedo, Montse Bazaga-García, Diego F. Milla-Pérez, Jonatan D. Durán-Martín, Enrique R. Losilla, Laureano Moreno-Real, et al. "Structural variability in M2+ 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetate moderate proton conductors." Pure and Applied Chemistry 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-1003.

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Abstract The structural variability of two series of Mg2+- and Zn2+- 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetates have been studied in the range of 25–80°C and 95% relative humidity in order to correlate the structure with the proton conductivity properties. In addition to selected previously reported 1D, 2D and 3D materials, a new compound, KZn6(OOCCH(OH)PO3)4(OH)·5H2O (KZn6-HPAA-3D), has been prepared and thoroughly characterized. The crystal structure of this solid, solved ab initio from synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, consists of a negatively charged 3D framework with K+ ions, as compensating counterions. It also contains water molecules filling the cavities in contrast to the potassium-free 3D anhydrous NH4Zn(OOCCH(OH)PO3) (NH4Zn-HPAA-3D). In the range of temperature studied, the 1D materials exhibit a 1D→2D solid-state transition. At 80°C and 95% RH, the 2D solids show moderate proton conductivities, between 2.1×10−5 S·cm−1 and 6.7×10−5 S·cm−1. The proton conductivity is slightly increased by ammonia adsorption up to 2.6×10−4 S·cm−1, although no ammonia intercalation was observed. As synthesized KZn6-HPAA-3D exhibits a low proton conductivity, 1.6×10−6 S·cm−1, attributed to the basic character of the framework and a low mobility of water molecules. However, this solid transforms to the 2D phase, Zn(OOCCH(OH)PO3H)·2H2O, upon exposure to dry HCl(g), which enhances the proton conductivity with respect to the as-synthesized 2D material (4.5×10−4 S·cm−1). On the other hand, NH4Zn-HPAA-3D exhibited a higher proton conductivity, 1.4×10−4 S·cm−1, than the K+ analog.

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Liu, Jia, Lianjun Hu, Yuling Liu, Tiantian Zhu, Ziyan Wang, and Guofeng Pan. "The Effect of 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetic Acid on the Removal Rate Selectivity of Cu/Co/TEOS in H₂O₂ Based Alkaline Slurries." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 114001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ac3444.

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As the technology node shrinks to 14 nm, Co has been widely used as a liner in semiconductor devices. However, the dishing and erosion produced after fine polishing seriously affect the RC delay of the device, so achieving a reasonable Cu/Co/TEOS removal rate (RR) selectivity is the key to correct the dishing and erosion. In this paper, the effect of 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) as a complexing agent on Cu/Co/TEOS RR selectivity in H2O2 based alkaline slurries was well investigated. In addition, the complexation mechanism between Co and HPAA was analyzed through electrochemical experiments, UV/vis, XPS tests, etc. The results showed that the RRs of Cu/Co/TEOS in the optimized slurry containing 5 wt% SiO2, 0.15 wt% H2O2, 0.05 wt% HPAA, 500 ppm TT-LYK at pH = 10 are ∼ 163 Å min−1, ∼ 350 Å min−1, ∼ 374 Å min−1, respectively. The RR selectivity of Co to Cu (VCo/VCu) and TEOS to Cu (VTEOS/VCu) were ∼ 2.15 and ∼ 2.3. At this time, the surface quality of the polished wafer was good, the dishing was corrected by ∼ 910 Å, and the erosion was corrected by ∼ 1117 Å.

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Lemaire, V., M. Le Moal, and P. Mormede. "Regulation of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in adrenals of Wistar rats under chronic stress." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): R957—R962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.5.r957.

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We have shown previously that chronic social stress has differential effects on adrenal weight and on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) specific activity, depending on the experimental design. To determine the role of the sympathetic nervous system and of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPAA) in these modifications, we studied the mechanisms of regulation of these parameters in basal conditions as well as in response to reserpine treatment and chronic social stress in the Wistar strain of rats. We found that the adrenal weight is mostly dependent on the activity of the HPAA, which is increased in male rats living in mixed-sex colonies. PNMT specific activity is regulated by splanchnic innervation, confirming that its induction by social instability is a consequence of sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity. The increase of TH specific activity, as seen in unstable, mixed-sex colonies, is not under sympathetic control. However, we show that the pituitary may exert a tonic inhibitory influence, dependent on the sympathetic innervation. These data confirm that the HPAA and the sympathetic nervous system may be independently triggered in chronic social stress conditions.

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Lorenz, Christian, Oliver Kirchner, Monique Egler, Johannes Stuttmann, Ulla Bonas, and Daniela Büttner. "HpaA fromXanthomonasis a regulator of type III secretion." Molecular Microbiology 69, no. 2 (July 2008): 344–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06280.x.

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Dobričić, Valerija, Nikola Kresojević, Ana Marjanović, Aleksandra Tomić, Marina Svetel, Ivana Novaković, and Vladimir S. Kostić. "HPCA-related dystonia: Too rare to be found?" Movement Disorders 31, no. 7 (May 4, 2016): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.26634.

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Ngom, Ronald Vougat, Laura Cunha Silva, Luís Pedro Carmo, Gertraud Schüpbach, Xaver Sidler, and Dolf Kümmerlen. "Antimicrobial usage in Swiss fattening pig farms: is there still potential for improvement?" Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 50, no. 01 (February 2022): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1697-4946.

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Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to analyze antimicrobial usage (AMU) in fattening pig farms that took part in the SuisSano/Safety + Health Programme in Switzerland over the year 2020 and to discuss the potential for further improvement. Usage was examined according to the antimicrobial’s class and indication for use, with emphasis on highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIAs). Methods Data on AMU from 1411 farms, reported in an electronic treatment journal, was used. AMU was quantified through treatment incidence (TI) based on Swiss Defined Daily Doses (DDDch). Indication of use for each antimicrobial class was analyzed with particular focus on HPCIAs. Results The total TI of all antimicrobials used in the farms corresponds to 8.9 DDDch per 1000 pig-days at risk, of which HPCIAs represented 2.6 %. A total of 140 farms (9.9 %) partake in HPCIAs usage, with tylosin (73.8 % of total HPCIA TI) and colistin (22.8 % of total HPCIA TI) being the most frequently antimicrobials used. The most common indication for treatment with HPCIAs was gastrointestinal disorders (62.1 % of total HPCIA TI). Conclusion and clinical relevance This study shows that the efforts made in recent years to foster prudent use of antimicrobials and, especially HPCIAs in Swiss pig production, have been successful. Indeed, 90.1 % (1271 of 1411) of the farms did not use any HPCIAs over the year 2020. Of the recorded treatments, HPCIA’s represented only 2.6 % of the total TIs used in fattening pigs. Since many farms do not use any HPCIAs, knowledge can be obtained from these farms to identify practices which can further reduce or even stop HPCIAs usage. Moreover, information concerning indications for HPCIAs usage provide input concerning where treatment options other than HPCIAs should be explored by both farmers and veterinarians.

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Kwinda, M., M. Labuschaigne, and M. Slabbert. "Disciplinary proceedings against healthcare practitioners facing criminal charges: The role of the Health Professions Council of South Africa." South African Journal of Bioethics and Law 15, no. 2 (October 12, 2022): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajbl.2022.v15i2.804.

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The purpose of this article is to address the questions as to whether a criminal conviction of a healthcare practitioner should affect his or her professional standing, and whether such conviction constitutes ‘unprofessional conduct’ in terms of the Health Professions Act. The article also explores a related matter, namely whether the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) has a legal duty to refer complaints regarding unprofessional conduct that displays criminal elements for criminal prosecution. After considering relevant case law on these issues, the article concludes that a practitioner, after being convicted of an offence, should be afforded an opportunity to explain him- or herself to the board, not only in extenuation of the conduct in question, but also in response to the question of whether the conduct constitutes improper or disgraceful conduct. Moreover, the article explains why the HPCSA and professional boards have a legal duty to refer matters of unprofessional conduct with criminal elements in terms of section 34 of the Prevention and Combating of Corrupt Activities Act to law enforcement agencies.

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Assiroj, Priati, Harco Leslie Hendric Spits Warnars, Edi Abdurachman, Achmad Imam Kistijantoro, and Antoine Doucet. "The influence of data size on a high-performance computing memetic algorithm in fingerprint dataset." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 2110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i4.2760.

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The fingerprint is one kind of biometric. This biometric unique data have to be processed well and secure. The problem gets more complicated as data grows. This work is conducted to process image fingerprint data with a memetic algorithm, a simple and reliable algorithm. In order to achieve the best result, we run this algorithm in a parallel environment by utilizing a multi-thread feature of the processor. We propose a high-performance computing memetic algorithm (HPCMA) to process a 7200 image fingerprint dataset which is divided into fifteen specimens based on its characteristics based on the image specification to get the detail of each image. A combination of each specimen generates a new data variation. This algorithm runs in two different operating systems, Windows 7 and Windows 10 then we measure the influence of data size on processing time, speed up, and efficiency of HPCMA with simple linear regression. The result shows data size is very influencing to processing time more than 90%, to speed up more than 30%, and to efficiency more than 19%.

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Nortjé, Nico, and Willem Abraham Hoffmann. "Ethical misconduct of HPCSA registered Occupational Therapists in South Africa." South African Journal of Occupational Therapy 45, no. 3 (2015): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2310-3833/2015/v45n3/a10.

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47

Wei, Christina, and Elizabeth C. Crowne. "The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in childhood cancer survivors." Endocrine-Related Cancer 25, no. 10 (October 2018): R479—R496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-18-0217.

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Endocrine abnormalities are common among childhood cancer survivors. Abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPAA) are relatively less common, but the consequences are severe if missed. Patients with tumours located and/or had surgery performed near the hypothalamic–pituitary region and those treated with an accumulative cranial radiotherapy dose of over 30 Gy are most at risk of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) deficiency. Primary adrenal insufficiency may occur in patients with tumours located in or involving one or both adrenals. The effects of adjunct therapies also need to be considered, particularly, new immunotherapies. High-dose and/or prolonged courses of glucocorticoid treatment can result in secondary adrenal insufficiency, which may take months to resolve and hence reassessment is important to ensure patients are not left on long-term replacement steroids inappropriately. The prevalence and cumulative incidences of HPAA dysfunction are difficult to quantify because of its non-specific presentation and lack of consensus regarding its investigations. The insulin tolerance test remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of central cortisol deficiency, but due to its risks, alternative methods with reduced diagnostic sensitivities are often used and must be interpreted with caution. ACTH deficiency may develop many years after the completion of oncological treatment alongside other pituitary hormone deficiencies. It is essential that health professionals involved in the long-term follow-up of childhood cancer survivors are aware of individuals at risk of developing HPAA dysfunction and implement appropriate monitoring and treatment.

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48

Yang, Yong-Sheng, Yang Zhou, Freddy Boey Yin Chiang, and Yi Long. "Tungsten doped VO2/microgels hybrid thermochromic material and its smart window application." RSC Advances 7, no. 13 (2017): 7758–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra24686a.

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A new thermochromic composite was successfully synthesized by a combination of HPCA microgel and W doped VO₂ nanoparticles. Within a suitable working temperature, this composite can provide excellent modulation in both the visible and IR ranges.

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49

Menegon, Francesca, Katia Capello, Jacopo Tarakdjian, Dario Pasqualin, Giovanni Cunial, Sara Andreatta, Debora Dellamaria, Grazia Manca, Giovanni Farina, and Guido Di Martino. "Antibiotic Use in Alpine Dairy Farms and Its Relation to Biosecurity and Animal Welfare." Antibiotics 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020231.

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The quantification of antimicrobial usage (AMU) in food-producing animals can help identify AMU risk factors, thereby enhancing appropriate stewardship policies and strategies for a more rational use. AMU in a sample of 34 farms in the Province of Trento (north-eastern Italy) from 2018 to 2020 was expressed as defined daily doses for animals per population correction unit according to European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption guidelines (DDDvet) and according to Italian guidelines (DDDAit). A retrospective analysis was carried out to test the effects of several husbandry practices on AMU. Overall, the average AMU ranged between 6.5 DDDAit in 2018 and 5.2 DDDAit in 2020 (corresponding to 9 and 7 DDDvet, respectively), showing a significant trend of decrement (−21.3%). Usage of the highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIA) was reduced by 83% from 2018 to 2020. Quarantine management, available space, water supply, animals’ cleanliness and somatic cell count had no significant association with AMU. Rather, farms with straw-bedded cubicles had lower AMU levels than those with mattresses and concrete floors (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study evidenced a decrement in AMU, particularly regarding HPCIA, but only a few risk factors due to farm management.

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Nepomnaschy, Pablo A., Amanda Rowlands, Ana Paula Prescivalli Costa, and Katrina G. Salvante. "Socio-Ecological Challenges as Modulators of Women's Reproductive Trajectories." Annual Review of Anthropology 49, no. 1 (October 21, 2020): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102317-045930.

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Amenorrhea, anovulatory cycles, miscarriages, and other reproductive outcomes are often seen as pathological. Life history theory, in contrast, treats those outcomes as adaptations that helped women optimize the timing of reproductive ventures across our evolutionary history. Women's bodies adjust their reproductive strategies in response to socio-ecological conditions, a process mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA). Here, we review the links between socio-ecological conditions, HPAA activity, and the pace of women's reproductive transitions such as puberty, age at first birth, interbirth interval, and perimenopause. We also discuss the HPAA's role as a modulator of reproductive function: It not only suppresses it but may also prime women's bodies for future reproductive ventures. We conclude by reviewing challenges and opportunities within our subfield, including the need for transdisciplinary teams to develop longitudinal studies to improve our understanding of women's reproductive trajectories and outcomes from the moment they are conceived.

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Journal articles on the topic 'HPCAA'

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