Journal articles: 'HOWZAT'

1

Thomas, Alison. "Howzat!" Five to Eleven 2, no. 8 (February 2003): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ftoe.2003.2.8.5.

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Selvey, Mike. "Howzat!" British Journalism Review 31, no. 4 (November 24, 2020): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956474820978086a.

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Varney, Wendy. "Howzat! cricket from empire to globalization." Peace Review 11, no. 4 (December 1999): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659908426307.

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Aron, Jacob. "Howzat! Cameras to replace third umpire in cricket." New Scientist 210, no. 2810 (April 2011): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(11)60971-8.

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Mooney, Amanda, Chris Hickey, Debbie Ollis, and Lyn Harrison. "Howzat! Navigating Gender Disruptions in Australian Young Women’s Cricket." Journal of Australian Studies 43, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2018.1545139.

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Plumley, Daniel, Rob Wilson, Robbie Millar, and Simon Shibli. "Howzat? The Financial Health of English Cricket: Not Out, Yet." International Journal of Financial Studies 7, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs7010011.

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In 1997 a review of the financial health of English county cricket highlighted strategic weaknesses within the professional game, principally an over-reliance by clubs on the annual grants provided to them by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB). Without such grants the teams, in general terms, would be insolvent. Using the financial statements of the First Class Cricket Counties, this paper explores how the financial position and performance of the county game has changed, 20 years on from the seminal study. A series of structural changes to the game had been made, yet financial problems are still evident. Counties are as reliant on central grant income as they were in 1997, although there are cases where clubs have made strategic enhancements and are becoming self-sustainable as going concerns. Rather than the ECB directly funding county revenue it should be working in collaboration with individual clubs to achieve developments in the game from the grassroots upwards, in order to help clubs grow their own revenue streams.

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Jaggard, E. D. "Review of Stephen Anstey’s Howzat! Western Australians and Cricket, Western Australian Museum." History Australia 4, no. 2 (January 2007): 52.1–52.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/ha070052.

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8

Datta, A., B. M. Sindel, R. S. Jessop, P. Kristiansen, and W. L. Felton. "Phytotoxic response and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes with pre-emergence application of isoxaflutole." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 12 (2007): 1460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07036.

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Balance® (75% a.i. isoxaflutole) at 100 g/ha is registered in Australia for the control of several broadleaf weeds in chickpea. Polyhouse and field experiments were carried out to examine the tolerance of chickpea genotypes to isoxaflutole. Seven rates of isoxaflutole [0, 18.75, 37.5, 75 (recommended rate), 150, 300 and 600 g a.i./ha] were applied to 20 genotypes in the first polyhouse experiment while in the second experiment, 16 genotypes were tested. In the field, six genotypes were treated with five herbicide rates (0, 37.5, 75, 150 and 300 g a.i./ha). There was a strong dose response in the polyhouse experiments in visual injury ratings, plant height, and shoot and root dry weight. In general, there was less herbicide injury to the kabuli genotypes than in the desi chickpea genotypes. Chickpea genotypes Yorker, Howzat, Amethyst, Gully, 91025-3021, Jimbour, S 95425 and FLIP 94-92C exhibited higher overall mean injury rating in experiment 1. Among these genotypes, shoot dry matter was reduced significantly in Amethyst, Jimbour, 91025-3021 and S 95425. Root dry matter in Amethyst, Jimbour, Yorker, 91025-3021 and S 95425 was also reduced significantly. Height was reduced significantly in all of the above eight genotypes. Although there was less overall injury level in the second polyhouse experiment, which was at lower temperatures, Howzat, Yorker, 91025-3021, FLIP 94-92C and S 95425 again recorded high overall mean injury ratings and should be regarded as more susceptible to isoxaflutole than the other strains. In comparison, 97039-1275 and Kyabra recorded very minor injury symptoms in all the experiments and can be regarded as the most tolerant. The herbicide injury to the genotypes in the field was less than in the polyhouse although Yorker and 91025-3021 showed injury symptoms at early stages of growth. The injury symptoms were temporary and did not produce significant effects on the overall crop growth and yield. It is suggested that plant breeding programs take into account the relative susceptibility of new chickpea genotypes to isoxaflutole.

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McLoughlin, Ian, and Patrick Dawson. "‘Howzat’-how do artefacts without matter, matter? The case of decision review systems in professional cricket." New Technology, Work and Employment 32, no. 2 (July 2017): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12086.

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10

Edwards, Stephen. "Howzat?! Why is there an Over-representation of Left-handed Bowlers in Professional Cricket in the UK?" Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition 1, no. 1 (March 1996): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713754208.

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11

Edwards, Stephen, and Alan Beaton. "Howzat?! Why is there an Over-representation of Left-handed Bowlers in Professional Cricket in the UK?" Laterality 1, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135765096397865.

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Ramachandran, Pravinath, Matt Watts, Robin C. Jackson, Spencer J. Hayes, and Joe Causer. "Howzat! Expert umpires use a gaze anchor to overcome the processing demands of leg before wicket decisions." Journal of Sports Sciences 39, no. 17 (April 1, 2021): 1936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1908734.

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13

Howat, David. "*Dr Howat Replies Below." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 81, no. 3 (March 1988): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688808100330.

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14

Howat, Roy. "[Letter from Roy Howat]." Music Analysis 4, no. 3 (October 1985): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/854108.

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15

RIDDY, FELICITY J. "DATING THE BUKE OF THE HOWLAT." Review of English Studies XXXVII, no. 145 (1986): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/xxxvii.145.1.

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16

Xiang, Tai, Tian Jiu Leng, and Ding Song Ma. "Heuristic Search Algorithm Based on “HowNet” in P2P Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 2685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.2685.

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This paper is a study on minimum query peers and apply glossary semantic similarity of “HowNet” to P2P search. It introduces and analyzes the intelligence search algorithm and the glossary semantic similarity of “HowNet”. Based on the intelligence search algorithm, heuristic search algorithm on “HowNet” is proposed and analyzed.

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Simeone, Nigel. "Claude Debussy: Piano Works, Roy Howat (piano)." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 2, no. 2 (November 2005): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409800002342.

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18

Tulaczyk, Slawek M., and Ian M. Howat. "Howat Receives 2007 Cryosphere Young Investigator Award." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 89, no. 10 (2008): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100010.

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19

Finlayson, Max, and Margrit Beemster. "Obituary: Dr Julia Howitt." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 6 (2020): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mfv71n6_ob.

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20

Bernie Howitt and Lance Wright. "Doug Howitt 1921-2009." Labour History, no. 99 (2010): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5263/labourhistory.99.1.0217.

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Doshi, J., C. Coulson, J. Williams, and M. Kuo. "Response to Howeet al." Clinical Otolaryngology 34, no. 4 (August 2009): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4486.2009.01992.x.

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22

Mukhopadhyay, Bhaskar. "Crossing the Howrah Bridge." Theory, Culture & Society 23, no. 7-8 (December 2006): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276406073224.

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This photo-essay analyzes the politics of dwelling of the inhabitants of ‘outcast’ Calcutta - the city that is the nightmare of urban planners and whose squalor, filth and poverty are taken to be indexes of the failure of the postcolonial urbanism as such. The city that turned itself into a barricade during the street-fighting years of the 1960s is now about to turn its back on its own subalterns (migrants from poorer areas), participating in urban cleansing drives that derive from neo-liberal dictates. Showing that the squatters also dwell and forge solidarities underpinned by an ethic of survival, this essay draws attention to non-state political formations emerging out of the negotiations of the City Form with the non-civic but enabling life-forms prevalent in subaltern Calcutta.

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23

Grieg, Eugenie. "Obituary: Eoin Howitt Wilkinson." Australian Academic & Research Libraries 35, no. 2 (January 2004): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048623.2004.10755266.

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Vallance, T. "Achievement in Isolation: A.W. Howitt, Pioneering Investigator of Metamorphism in Australia." Earth Sciences History 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.5.1.3h10521520544830.

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The earliest coherent observations of metamorphic phenomena in Australia were made by a policemagistrate, stationed in a remote part of Victoria and largely self-taught in geology. In a series of reports and papers issued between 1875 and 1892 that magistrate, Alfred William Howitt, recorded details of metamorphic progressions found in the mountains of eastern Victoria - from folded Palaeozoic strata to crystalline schists and gneisses, and of different sorts of granitic bodies in the regional metamorphic association.Howitt worked at a time when the metamorphic status of crystalline schists was far from generally accepted in Europe and America; some still regarded them as portions of unchanged Primitive crust. Like George Barrow in Scotland - whose work in some ways he anticipated, Howitt, however, through the influence of Lyell's writings, began as a believer in metamorphism. But whereas Barrow is respected for innovative contributions to metamorphic thought and method, Howitt's isolation in Australia kept his work little known. In fact, as recent studies show, Howitt was investigating a regional metamorphism different in style from that of Barrow. Howitt not only pioneered metamorphic petrology in Australia, he really began the study of what is now termed low-pressure regional metamorphism.This paper seeks to set Howitt's metamorphic investigations in the contexts of his career and the then condition of his chosen subject. The principal influences on his approaches to petrography and metamorphism are seen to be German in origin. Howitt may have had no formal training in science but as a boy he lived in Germany for some years and learned the language. It was to be a most useful acquisition.

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Ning, Ya Hui, Li Zhang, Ya Rong Ju, Wei Jia Wang, and Shun Qin Li. "Using Semantic Correlation of HowNet for Short Text Classification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 1931–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.1931.

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A method using the HowNet ontologies for short texts classification was proposed. First, the domain high frequency words were got as the feature words. Then the feature words were extended to concept by HowNet, which extended the feature from semantic and amends the feature scarcity. Last, the word semantic correlation values were got by calculating the distance between different concepts in node tree. Experimental results prove that the classification efficiency and precision are both improved.

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Kellermann, Patric, Kai Schröter, Annegret H. Thieken, Sören-Nils Haubrock, and Heidi Kreibich. "The object-specific flood damage database HOWAS 21." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 2503–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2503-2020.

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Abstract. The Flood Damage Database HOWAS 21 contains object-specific flood damage data resulting from fluvial, pluvial and groundwater flooding. The datasets incorporate various variables of flood hazard, exposure, vulnerability and direct tangible damage at properties from several economic sectors. The main purpose of development of HOWAS 21 was to support forensic flood analysis and the derivation of flood damage models. HOWAS 21 was first developed for Germany and currently almost exclusively contains datasets from Germany. However, its scope has recently been enlarged with the aim to serve as an international flood damage database; e.g. its web application is now available in German and English. This paper presents the recent advancements of HOWAS 21 and highlights exemplary analyses to demonstrate the use of HOWAS 21 flood damage data. The data applications indicate a large potential of the database for fostering a better understanding and estimation of the consequences of flooding.

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McClure, Derrick. "Hanna (ed.), The Buke of the Howlat by Richard Holland." Scottish Historical Review 96, no. 2 (October 2017): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2017.0339.

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28

Keikha, Abazar. "Introducing a new type of HFSs and its application in solving MAGDM problems." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 9333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-201808.

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Uncertainty has long been explored as an objective and inalienable reality, and then modeled via different theories such as probability theory, fuzzy sets (FSs) theory, vague sets, etc. Hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs) as a generalization of FSs, because of their flexibility and capability, extended and applied in many practical problems very soon. However, the above theories cannot meet all the scientific needs of researchers. For example, in some decision-making problems we encounter predetermined definite data, which have inductive uncertainties. In other words, the numbers themselves are crisp in nature, but are associated with varying degrees of satisfaction or fairness from the perspective of each decision-maker/judge. To this end, in this article, hesitant fuzzy numbers as a generalization of hesitant fuzzy sets will be introduced. Some concepts such as the operation laws, the arithmetic operations, the score function, the variance of hesitant fuzzy numbers, and a way to compare hesitant fuzzy numbers will be proposed. Mean-based aggregation operators of hesitant fuzzy numbers, i.e. hesitant fuzzy weighted arithmetic averaging (HWAA), hesitant fuzzy weighted geometric averaging (HWGA), hesitant fuzzy ordered weighted arithmetic averaging (HOWAA), and hesitant fuzzy ordered weighted geometric averaging (HOWGA) operators have been discussed in this paper, too. These new concepts will be used to model, and solve an uncertain multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problem. The proposed method will be illustrated by a numerical example and the validity of the obtained solution will be checked by test criteria.

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Wang, Ying, Xiwei Feng, Yue Zhang, Haiming Chen, and Lijie Xing. "An improved semantic similarity algorithm based on HowNet and CiLin." MATEC Web of Conferences 309 (2020): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030903004.

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This paper explores an improved method for the semantic similarity calculation of words combined with HowNet and CiLin. Firstly, we designing the algorithm based on HowNet’s sememe similarity improvement calculation, comprehensively considering the influence of each part of sememe on the overall meaning, and improving the calculation of word similarity based on HowNet by changing the specific calculation method of each part of sememe. At the same time, we adopt different strategies for the different results obtained in the similarity calculation of CiLin. The experimental RG data set proves that the modified Pearson coefficient of the method reaches 0.87.

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30

Schulte, Rainer. "The Voice of the Translator: An Interview with Roy Howat." Translation Review 91, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07374836.2015.1052320.

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Li, Xiao Xian, Wei Jie Li, and Liu Yun. "Research Based on the HowNet Semantic Expansion Micro-Blog Hot Topic Detection System." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 1502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.1502.

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In this paper, we propose an improved topic detection method based on the HowNet semantic expansion. Using the HowNet to extent the VSM of micro-blog content, solve the problem that the similarity calculation is not accurate because of the length of the micro-blog text is too small and the gap of user comments number is too large through the two-step above. The similarity calculated accurately, would there be a good clustering effect. Put forward a more complete topic heat assessment methods that take into account the number of fans of the Micro-Bo users, the number of forwarding Micro-Bo text, comments, and time factors.

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Stolyarova, Anastasiya G. "Evolution of Middle English Alliterative Phrases in 15th-Century Scottish Poetry: New Forms and Functions." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 5 (October 10, 2020): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2227-6564-v052.

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Alliterative phrases, along with traditional poetic words and substantivized epithets, are considered to be a typical feature of the diction of alliterative revival in England and Scotland, a special marker of this tradition. Formulaic alliterative phrases are quite a different phenomenon than traditional oral poetic formulas; their formulaic character is expressed in potential variation of their elements provided that the semantics and the alliteration scheme are preserved, which allows poets to create individual author variants on the basis of traditional phrases. The paper discusses the use of formulaic alliterative phrases as illustrated by two alliterative Scottish poems that were written nearly at the same time (second half of the 15th century) and belong to the same tradition, but to different genres: the romance Golagros and Gawain and the allegorical poem The Buke of the Howlat. Golagros and Gawain is a poem composed in the decline of the genre of romance, which glorifies the virtues of chivalry and the heroic world becoming a thing of the past. A characteristic feature of the poem is the extensive use of variation between the elements of set phrases typical of the tradition of alliterative revival. A large number of alliterative phrases in Golagros and Gawain are individual author variants describing an ideal chivalric hero. In The Buke of the Howlat, on the contrary, most phrases are fixed and stereotyped. The author of this poem prefers to exploit formulas as a satiric device, putting typical phrases in an unusual context and thus altering their meaning.

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Osborne, Owen G., Adam Ciezarek, Trevor Wilson, Darren Crayn, Ian Hutton, William J. Baker, Colin G. N. Turnbull, and Vincent Savolainen. "Speciation in Howea Palms Occurred in Sympatry, Was Preceded by Ancestral Admixture, and Was Associated with Edaphic and Phenological Adaptation." Molecular Biology and Evolution 36, no. 12 (July 18, 2019): 2682–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz166.

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Abstract Howea palms are viewed as one of the most clear-cut cases of speciation in sympatry. The sister species Howea belmoreana and H. forsteriana are endemic to the oceanic Lord Howe Island, Australia, where they have overlapping distributions and are reproductively isolated mainly by flowering time differences. However, the potential role of introgression from Australian mainland relatives had not previously been investigated, a process that has recently put other examples of sympatric speciation into question. Furthermore, the drivers of flowering time-based reproductive isolation remain unclear. We sequenced an RNA-seq data set that comprehensively sampled Howea and their closest mainland relatives (Linospadix, Laccospadix), and collected detailed soil chemistry data on Lord Howe Island to evaluate whether secondary gene flow had taken place and to examine the role of soil preference in speciation. D-statistics analyses strongly support a scenario whereby ancestral Howea hybridized frequently with its mainland relatives, but this only occurred prior to speciation. Expression analysis, population genetic and phylogenetic tests of selection, identified several flowering time genes with evidence of adaptive divergence between the Howea species. We found expression plasticity in flowering time genes in response to soil chemistry as well as adaptive expression and sequence divergence in genes pleiotropically linked to soil adaptation and flowering time. Ancestral hybridization may have provided the genetic diversity that promoted their subsequent adaptive divergence and speciation, a process that may be common for rapid ecological speciation.

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MACDONALD. "RICHARD HOLLAND AND "THE BUKE OF THE HOWLAT": REMEMBRANCE OF THINGS PAST." Medium Ævum 86, no. 1 (2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26396500.

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Bandyopadhyay, S., and P. P. Ghoshal. "Type specimens of names in Bauhinia and Phanera (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) at Central National Herbarium, Howrah (CAL)." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 24, no. 1 (June 25, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v24i1.32999.

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The types of the names in Bauhinia L. and Phanera Lour. at Central National Herbarium, Howrah (CAL) have been enumerated.Keywords: Fabaceae; Caesalpinioideae; Bauhinia; Phanera; Types; CAL.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(1): 18, 2017 (June)

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Zhu, Zheng Yu, Shu Jia Dong, Chun Lei Yu, and Jie He. "A Text Hybrid Clustering Algorithm Based on HowNet Semantics." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 2071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.2071.

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Many existing text clustering algorithms overlook the semantic information between words and so they possess a lower accuracy of text similarity computation. A new text hybrid clustering algorithm (HCA) based on HowNet semantics has been proposed in this paper. It calculates the semantic similarity of words by using the words’ semantic concept description in HowNet and then combines it with the method of maximum weight matching of bipartite graph to calculate a semantic-based text similarity. Based on the new text similarity and by combining an improved genetic algorithm with k-medoids algorithm, HCA has been designed. The comparative experiments show that: 1) compared with two existing traditional clustering algorithms, HCA can get better quality and 2) when their text cosine similarity is replaced with the new semantic-based text similarity, all the qualities of the three clustering algorithms can be improved significantly.

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Wen Li, Yuefeng Chen, and Weili Wang. "Fine-Grained Sentiment Classification based on HowNet." Journal of Convergence Information Technology 7, no. 19 (October 31, 2012): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jcit.vol7.issue19.10.

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Liu, Yu Wei, Shi Bin Xiao, Tao Wang, and Shui Cai Shi. "Building Chinese Sentiment Lexicon Based on HowNet." Advanced Materials Research 187 (February 2011): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.187.405.

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Judging the sentiment orientation of Chinese words is the basic work of the passage sentiment orientation research. Using Chinese basic sentiment words and corpus, we can identify sentiment words in the passage and expand sentiment lexicon effectively in order to improve the result of text semantic orientation analysis. With the basis of HowNet [1] sentiment words, we construct a Chinese sentiment lexicon by analyzing sentence structure and calculating the score of semantic similarity. We conduct Chinese text sentiment orientation classification experiment with this lexicon, the result shows the accuracy has achieved above 70% and obtained quite good classification effect.

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LI, Dun, Yong-tao MA, and Jian-li GUO. "Words semantic orientation classification based on HowNet." Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 16, no. 1 (February 2009): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8885(08)60188-0.

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Steedman, Marek D. "HOWWAS RACE CONSTRUCTED IN THE NEW SOUTH?" Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 5, no. 1 (2008): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x08080053.

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AbstractThis article focuses on the construction and reconfiguration of race in the U.S. South during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Much literature on race is designed to show that race is socially constructed, with the inference that race ismerelya social construction. Thus, talk about race, which is not demonstrably grounded in human biology, must be akin to talk about unicorns. But so what? Does race being a social construction make any difference to the historical accounts we give of how racial practices work? This article suggests that it can if we focus on the process of construction itself, in a particular time and place, and askhowrace was socially constructed. I trace how race was made, unmade, and remade in the years between 1865 and 1920. During the postemancipation era, Southern White elites constructed race as and through naturalized relations of dependence and independence. This construction was held in place and then undermined by the prevailing social order. I offer an account of the sharp increase in racist practices at the turn of the century, focused on the notion ofmobility. I show how, in the decades since the war, mobility undermined race as it had been socially constructed.

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Benhabib, Jess. "Multiple equilibria in the Aghion–Howitt model." Research in Economics 68, no. 2 (June 2014): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2013.10.002.

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Liddle, Dallas. "Response to Leslie Howsam and Linda Hughes." Victorian Periodicals Review 44, no. 3 (2011): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vpr.2011.0024.

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Hughes, Linda K. "Mary Howitt and the Business of Poetry." Victorian Periodicals Review 50, no. 2 (2017): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vpr.2017.0022.

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Gamon, T. I. "Discussion on ‘Completely weathered granite—soil or rock?’ by M. D. Howat." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 19, no. 4 (November 1986): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.qjeg.1986.019.04.09.

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Haldar, A., B. Baur, P. Das, R. Misra, Ranabir Pal, and R. P. Roy. "Contraceptive practices and associated social covariates: an experience from two districts of West Bengal, India." Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v2i4.7826.

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Background Contraceptive practice acceptable to Indian society is said to be associated with socio-economic status, education, practice of the area and other factors. Population stabilization and a gradual lowering of population growth is the basic aim behind contraceptive practice. Objectives The study was conducted to assess current status of contraceptive practice and social covariates (age, type of family, religion, socio-economy, education, etc). Materials and Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among four thousand eligible couples in Howrah and Paschim Midnapore districts of state of West Bengal, India from March to September 2009. By stratified multistage random sampling technique, 32 areas were selected from two districts; villages of sub-centre zone and wards of municipality; from each selected area; 125 eligible couples were interviewed by house to house survey. Results The contraceptive acceptance (prevalence) rate (CAR) by any method was 65.3 percent and couple protection rate (CPR) by approved methods was 58.4 percent in these two districts of West Bengal. In Paschim Midnapore district CAR was higher (67.4%) than Howrah district (63.3%). Similarly in Howrah district CPR was less (54.3%) than Paschim Midnapore district (62.6%). Type of family, age and literacy status of female partners, religion and social class were associated with adoption of family planning methods by the eligible couples with inter-district variation. Conclusion Area specific multipronged tailor-made interventions are needed through Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) for promotion of acceptance of both the temporary & permanent methods of contraception at the appropriate time to achieve small family norm.

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Ren, Wu Ling, and Jin Ju Guo. "Word Similarity Algorithm Based on WordNet And HowNet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 155-156 (February 2012): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.155-156.375.

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To make the word similarity calculated results more reasonable and accurate, a new word similarity algorithm is proposed. It uses HowNet primitive hierarchical tree structure, and calculates the two primitives’ distance with the method computing WordNet node distance which considers the tree depth, density, path and connecting intensity, etc. Moreover, algorithm also improves the method that distance into similarity. Finally, this algorithm is compared with related algorithms through experiment. The results show that the proposed algorithm effectively improves the precision and accuracy of word similarity calculation.

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LIN, Li, Fang XUE, and Zhong-sheng REN. "Modified word similarity computation approach based on HowNet." Journal of Computer Applications 29, no. 1 (June 25, 2009): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2009.00217.

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Wang, Feng, Hui Zhang, Yizhen Wang, and Guanghua Zhang. "Research on Intelligent Semantic Search Base on HowNet." Open Cybernetics & Systemics Journal 9, no. 1 (September 15, 2015): 1358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874110x01509011358.

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Zhang, Pei Ying. "Word Similarity Computation Based on WordNet and HowNet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 2115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.2115.

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Word similarity computation is broadly used in many applications, such as information retrieval, information extraction, text categorization, word sense disambiguation and example-based machine translation and so on. The main obstacle of word similarity computation lie in that how to develop a computational algorithm that is capable of generating satisfactory results close to how human perceive. This paper proposed an approach of word similarity computation which combined WordNet and HowNet. Experiments on Chinese word pairs show that our method is closest to human similarity judgments when compared to the major state-of-art methods.

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ZHU, Zhengyu, and Junhua SUN. "Improved vocabulary semantic similarity calculation based on HowNet." Journal of Computer Applications 33, no. 8 (November 4, 2013): 2276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2013.02276.

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Journal articles on the topic 'HOWZAT'

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