Journal articles on the topic 'How to publish for free'
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Warsidi, Warsidi. "How to Write an English Research Introduction?" Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature 4, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/ethicallingua.v4i1.348.
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This study is librarian analysis which collects the data from books and journal articles. Those articles and books chapters discuss about introductions in terms of their generic structures. The data collections were applied by reading, taking notes for their generic structures, and analyzing them in term of their generic structure models. Then, the data were reported using qualitative approach by describing their patterns. The results showed that there two big categories for their models, involving pattern models and free models. Pattern models dominated in this study because they have been applied seven experts, while free models have been applied by only two people. Therefore, this study suggests that if the journal, which you direct to publish your articles, doesn’t have pattern, you are recommended to apply the patterns as the following: CARS model from Swales, IPS model from Adnan (2011), Slatcher & Pennebaker, and Ball & Vincent.
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Momcheva, Galina, Teodora Bakardjieva, Veselina Spasova, and Antonina Ivanova. "VARNA FREE UNIVERSITY’S PROJECTS FOR DEVELOPING OF CYBERSECURITY EDUCATION AND TRAINING – “CYBERMAGICIANS” PROJECT." Education and Technologies Journal 12, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26883/2010.212.3903.
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Varna Free University has a tradition in teaching cyber security through bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees and LLL (Lifelong Learning) courses for school teachers and students. The latest Cyberwizards project stems from the need to teach teachers and students how to protect themselves online, how to manage their digital identity, what types of information to publish. The university project aims to develop training courses and research methodologies to develop effective and sustainable cyber learning solutions aimed at digital protection and security.
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Mamtimin, Ikram, Wenqiang Du, and Askar Hamdulla. "M2ASR-KIRGHIZ: A Free Kirghiz Speech Database and Accompanied Baselines." Information 14, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14010055.
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Deep learning has significantly boosted the performance improvement of automatic speech recognition (ASR) with the cooperation of large amounts of data resources. For minority languages, however, there are almost no large-scale data resources, limiting the development of ASR technologies in these languages. In this paper, we publish a free Kirghiz speech database accompanied by associated language resources. The entire database involves 128 h of speech data from 163 speakers and corresponding transcriptions. To our knowledge, this is the largest Kirghiz speech database that is dedicated to the ASR task and is publicly free so far. In addition, we also provide several baseline systems based on Kaldi and WeNet to demonstrate how these public data resources can be used to facilitate the Kirghiz ASR research. This publication is a part of the M2ASR project, and all the resources can be downloaded at the project webpage.
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Manuzzato, Lisa Maya Quaianni. "Promoting comics in digital landscapes: Comics artists as content creators." Studies in Comics 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/stic_00096_1.
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The study of digital comics is normally focused on their innovations in languages and aesthetics: from modes and medium-specific features to forms and qualifying features of webcomics and digitalized comics. The definition of digital comics has been studied from the beginning of their appearance, and so has the relationship between digital works and readers. However, in addition to digital comics’ intrinsic characteristics, it is equally important to understand how these productions are published and promoted on the two main contexts used by digital graphic narratives: personal websites and social media platforms. Many creators have decided to publish their production almost entirely online, for free, before or after a printed version of their works. How do they build their audience? How do they improve engagement? How do they act in the digital landscape?
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Fredricks, Susan M., and Joshua D. Phillips. "The Media’s Influence on the Government: A Case Study of Venezuela’s Media Agenda Setting with a Non-Free Press and Its Repercussions." Journalism and Media 2, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia2020016.
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A free and open press (unincumbered by political pressures) is necessary to hold government officials accountable. When governments become entangled in the business of licensing and regulating news outlets, news outlets succumb to the pressures of only publishing stories favorable to the current regime. The temptation to publish negative stories could result in losing one’s publishing license. This scenario has been playing out in Venezuela for the past two decades and has led to a media culture of misinformation, confusion, and propaganda. This paper first analyzes the Venezuelan view on the influential forces on its government through the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP). Second, it explores how the Venezuelan government vanquished the free press by affecting the Venezuelan citizens’ attitudes towards the press. Finally, it reviews how the internet and social media are creating new avenues for publishing uncensored and unregulated information in an effort to challenge current government restrictions.
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Buckmiller, Tom M., and Jerrid W. Kruse. "Writing the Book…Literally: The Convergence of Authentic Intellectual Work (AIW) and Project-Based Learning (PBL)." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.12.3.4.
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Using the Project-Based Learning (PBL) and Authentic Intellectual Work (AIW) models, we sought to create coursework that had value beyond the classroom. Refinements in the self-publishing book industry provide the opportunity to present student work to a larger audience and in a different, more engaging format. With the help of free software, our classes were able to publish professionally-finished books for sale on Amazon.com. This article shows how we designed, implemented, assessed and evaluated a book-writing project for graduate (leadership studies) and undergraduate (science education) students who wrote, edited, designed, and published it at the end of the course.
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Wright, Susan, and Jakob Williams Ørberg. "Autonomy and control: Danish university reform in the context of modern governance." Learning and Teaching 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/175522708783113550.
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In 2003 the Danish government reformed universities to 'set them free' from the state. Yet ministers are actively trying to shape universities and even set research agendas. How does the government's notion of 'freedom' reconcile independence with control? We identify three discourses of freedom: freedom to use academic judgement over what to research, teach, publish and say publicly; a free trade discourse where universities are free to pursue profit; and a modernising state discourse where government steers universities to contribute to the knowledge economy. Danish universities were reformed as part of the modernisation of the welfare state. We explore the assemblage of administrative and funding mechanisms through which the government now steers independent organisations: a chain of contracts for outsourced services, newly appointed managers, output payments and accrual accounting. While responsibility for achieving government policy is passed downwards through the independent organisation, formal lines of accountability run back up to the government. University leaders and academics are set free to manoeuvre within the system, but their economic survival is firmly dependent on responsiveness to centralised steering mechanisms
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Bell, David. "Becoming an Anti-Racist Intuitions: The Challenges Facing Higher Education." International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches 13, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v13n1commentary2.
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The May 2020 killing of George Floyd and the public’s outcry has sparked a response from many higher education institutions to publish anti-racist statements. On the surface, these statements may seem genuine, but the bureaucratic governance structure of higher education may impede any change efforts. This paper discusses the challenges facing higher education in creating an institution free of racist policies and ideologies. This includes analyzing practices, policies, and values that are not consistent with creating an inclusive educational culture. Equally important is the need to understand the best approach to engage in a productive and honest intellectual dialogue to facilitate change. The article concludes by examining the governance structure and ideas on how higher education can move toward sustainable, meaningful change.
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Et. al., Jun S. Camara,. "Corpus Attributes Of Online Journals and Websites as Basis for a Free Publication Management Model." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 1496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.1394.
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Today, to publish an academic paper requires experience not only in ‘doing’ the research itself but understanding how it is made available online or in print. This study, an excerpt, has profiled websites and journal articles indexed from the Directory of Open Access Journals during mid-2020 in the field of Science Education, with the end in mind of proposing a publication management model for beginning ‘authors’. Using an exploratory mixed method design, this excerpt of the study extracted 185 corpus websites and 103 corpus journal articles from more than 5 million article records of DOAJ. Findings revealed that United States topped the countries with the highest number of corpus and that majority of these journals not charge submission or article processing charges from authors, yet content crawling was observed in most of the journals. Analysis of corpus articles reported sub-sections consistently included in their submission indicative of an international pattern among accepted articles. Recommendations included the proposal to develop a publication management model for beginning ‘authors’ in state universities and colleges in the Philippines.
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Rumchev, K., K. Jamrozik, S. Stick, and J. Spickett. "How free of tobacco smoke are ‘smoke-free’ homes?" Indoor Air 18, no. 3 (June 2008): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00517.x.
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Loginova, Julia, and Pia Wohland. "How to create an interactive dashboard using R: the example of the Queensland COVID-19 tracker." Australian Population Studies 4, no. 2 (November 14, 2020): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v4i2.72.
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Background Interactive tools like data dashboards enable users both to view and interact with data. In today’s data-driven environment it is a priority for researchers and practitioners alike to be able to develop interactive data visualisation tools easily and where possible at a low cost.
Aims Here, we provide a guide on how to develop and create an interactive online data dashboard in R, using the COVID-19 tracker for Health and Hospital Regions in Queensland, Australia as an example. We detail a series of steps and explain choices made to design, develop, and easily maintain the dashboard and publish it online.
Data and methods The dashboard visualises publicly available data from the Queensland Health web page. We used the programming language R and its free software environment. The dashboard webpage is hosted publicly on GitHub Pages updated via GitHub Desktop.
Results Our interactive dashboard is available at https://qcpr.github.io/.
Conclusions Interactive dashboards have many applications such as dissemination of research and other data. This guide and the supplementary material can be adjusted to develop a new dashboard for a different set of data and needs.
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Rosenblum, Brian, A. Town Peterson, Ada Emmett, Marc L. Greenberg, and Josh Bolick. "Open access is broken: what can be done?" Ghana Library Journal 27, no. 1 (September 12, 2022): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/glj.v27i1.12.
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The idea of “Open Access” (hereafter OA) emerged in the late 1990’s and early 2000’s with a noble goal: to provide comprehensive access to the scholarly literature for everyone around the world by making the results of scholarly research freely and immediately available online to all. After more than 20 years of OA advocacy and development, where do things stand? Has the noble goal of universal access been realized, and is the scholarly literature now accessible and open to the global community of scholars? How strong is the current OA movement and where is it headed? While significant advances have been made, to be sure, the fact is that elements of OA have taken a wrong turn somewhere, resulting in a system that is broken and has not lived up to its promise. Early OA efforts focused on the need for better access to read and reuse scholarly literature. While significant advancement has been made in this area, it has created another barrier to the free and open sharing of scholarly research–access for authors to publish their research. This is especially problematic for those without the means or support to participate in the “pay to publish” model of OA that has become dominant. There is still hope to correct this imbalance, but the scholarly community must refocus and recalibrate its efforts to get back on track.
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Medovarov, Maksim V. "“Construction and Decorative Art” Magazine: A Forgotten Word in the Russian Artistic Criticism of the Early 20th Century." Observatory of Culture 19, no. 1 (March 3, 2022): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2022-19-1-88-99.
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The article is devoted to the history of the Moscow magazine “Construction and Decorative Art”, which played a significant role in Russian art criticism in 1903, despite its short (within six months) existence. This topic needs to be addressed due to the small number of comprehensive studies in the field of Russian art criticism of the early 20th century. On the basis of archival materials of censorship, the article reconstructs the creation circumstances of two homogeneous magazines (“Architecture and Decorative Art”, renamed “Free Art”, and “Construction and Decorative Art”) and their actual transformation into one press organ. There is examined the rapprochement of the architects Vasily Borin and Leonid Betelev with the scandalous journalist Alexey Filippov, their struggle for the permission to publish a new Moscow magazine about art in 1900—1902, the patronizing attitude of the Main Directorate for Press Affairs and the Moscow Governor-General to the new initiative of Filippov. The author introduces into scientific circulation important recorded sources related to the transfer of the rights to publish the magazine to Vasily Borin, and his attempt to pass off the former magazine of Filippov and Betelev as his own (hitherto non-existent) magazine “Free Art”. The article analyzes three issues of the illustrated magazine “Construction and Decorative Art” published in 1903. Basing on the data on the magazine’s format and prices, the author concludes that the publication turned out to be expensive and, therefore, unprofitable. The article pays particular attention to the views of Borin and Filippov on the development of contemporary art, Art Nouveau, and the activities of the artists of the group “Mir Iskusstva” (“World of Art”). In the context of a meaningful analysis of the magazine’s articles, there is discussed the honoring of the architect Nikolai Nikitin in connection with his anniversary. The author poses the question of how the issues of “Free Art” at the end of 1903 should be assessed. There are analyzed the causes for the mysterious closure of both the magazines in 1904—1905, which was not formalized in accordance with the law.
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Johnman, C., F. Sim, and P. Mackie. "How ‘Scroll Free’ was your September?" Public Health 163 (October 2018): A1—A2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.09.005.
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HENNINGFIELD, J. E. "How US airlines became smoke free." Tobacco Control 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 295b—295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.10.3.295b.
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Pinchbeck, Geoffrey. "Validating the Construct of Readability in EFL Contexts: A Proposal for Criteria." Vocabulary Learning and Instruction 8, no. 1 (2019): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7820/vli.v08.1.pinchbeck.
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This article examines how English as a foreign language learners might be better matched to reading texts using automatic readability analysis. Specifically, I examine how the lexical decoding component of readability might be validated. In Japan, readability has been mostly determined by publishers or by professional reading organizations who only occasionally publish their lists of readability ratings for specific texts. Without transparent readability methods, candidate texts cannot be independently evaluated by practitioners. Moreover, the reliance on centralized organizations to curate from commercially available texts precludes the evaluation of the multitudes of free texts that are increasingly available on the Internet. Previous studies that have attempted to develop automatic readability formulas for Japanese learners have used surface textual features of texts, such as word and/or sentence length, and/or they have used word-frequency lists derived from large multi- register corpora. In this article, I draw upon on the findings of a study that examines how such word-lists might be validated for use in matching Japanese learners to texts (Pinchbeck, manuscript in preparation). Finally, I propose a list of general criteria that might be used to evaluate the components of readability formulas in general.
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Duester, Emma, Michal Teague, and Ondris Pui. "Photogrammetry for Digitization and Digital Display as a Sustainable Way to Develop Vietnam’s Museum Sector?" Studies in Digital Heritage 7, no. 1 (September 19, 2023): 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/sdh.v7i1.35960.
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This paper explores how photogrammetry and free, open-source software can be used to sustainably develop museum sector capacity to digitize and publish Vietnam’s cultural heritage online. This approach was developed and applied during a digitization project as a solution to overcome challenges experienced in Vietnam concerning a lack of human, technical and financial resources. This paper draws on findings from a co-designed action research project between RMIT University Vietnam (RMIT) and the Vietnamese Women’s Museum (VWM) that developed an approach to create 3D (3 Dimensional) digital artifacts of their Betel Nut Collection using free, open-source software and applying the technique of photogrammetry. The aim was to co-design and co-produce a sustainable solution focused on readily available and easy-to-use digital technologies. However, not all artifacts could be digitized using this method, which sheds light on the challenges and opportunities of digitizing cultural heritage in the Global South. Overall, this sustainable approach can be applied by other museums and cultural institutions and can be a way to empower museums in the Global South to digitize and digitally display cultural heritage artifacts.
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Peszko, Kamila. "THE CONSUMER AS A SOURCE OF MARKETING INFORMATION IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY." CBU International Conference Proceedings 3 (September 19, 2015): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v3.625.
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The development of IT technology has provided people with free access to the Internet, which is now a place for consumers to look for opportunities to share their observations with others. The Internet user wants to be more aware, and willingly participates in the development of emerging brands. Companies have also found their place on the Internet, where they source information from Internet users. They realize the power of the consumer as a source of marketing information, and "take advantage" of consumer behavior to promote their brands. They analyze information about consumers, especially consumer preferences, and then publish this via social media in ways that might appeal to users and lead them to share it with others. This study describes this relationship between consumers and marketing via the Internet, and how the consumer is a source of marketing information, because of the possibilities created for entrepreneurs in the information society.
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Dasser, Verena, Paul Hoyningen-Huene, and Hans Kummer. "Exploring Primate Social Cognition: Some Critical Remarks1)." Behaviour 112, no. 1-2 (1990): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853990x00699.
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AbstractThe paper expresses the authors' views on the growing interest in primate social cognition, particularly among descriptive primate ethologists. Its characteristics are the hope to extract cognitive interpretations from field anecdotes, the free use of intentional language, and the untested and so far untestable idea that primate intelligence was selected in social contexts. We believe that 1) To understand how the animal itself represents the structure of its group or its habitat is perhaps the most ethological ethology there is and well worth pursuing. The study of social cognition, in particular, has long been neglected. 2) However, it requires of ethologists that they learn from established cognitive science and integrate its categories with their own. This is an interdisciplinary enterprise. 3) A traditional inductive study begins with anecdotes, which then are translated into hypotheses, which in turn are subjected to empirical tests including experiments. Sociobiology began to publish hypotheses without tests; the social cognition move now goes on to publish anecdotes without hypotheses, with a strong penchant for anthropomorphic interpretations in terms of social manipulation. This is little more than applying human prejudice. Phylogenetic and cognitive insights will come from testing alternative levels of organization in an animal's social knowledge about the same behavioral interaction. The experiment is the largely unavoidable method. Examples are given. 4) The speculation of the social origin of primate intelligence is tentatively interpreted in two possible directions. A version based on ROZIN's (1976) view that generalized mammal intelligence evolved from context-specific "Adaptive Specializations" seems the more accessible to ethological thinking and method.
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Boner, Patrick J. "Beached Whales and Priests of God:." Early Science and Medicine 17, no. 6 (2012): 589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-176000a1.
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This essay examines the cometary theory of Johannes Kepler and his claim that an “ethereal spirit” could lead a comet to appear at a providential place and time. In his account of the comet of 1607, Kepler suggested that a spirit served as a navigational principle that steered the comet on a particular course. I argue that this principle was an extension of Kepler’s celestial physics and part of his larger conception of causes at work in the heavens. I also explore the critical response Kepler received from the theological faculty at the University of Leipzig, where he planned to publish his account. I explain why Kepler turned to natural philosophy to resolve the opposition of his religious authorities and how this was received as a foreign incursion on Sacred Scripture. In my final analysis, I discuss whether Kepler ultimately abandoned spiritual principles in his cometary theory and arrived at a system of celestial physics that was fully free of animistic ideas.
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Blackman, Lisa. "Social Media and the Politics of Small Data: Post Publication Peer Review and Academic Value." Theory, Culture & Society 33, no. 4 (June 17, 2015): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276415590002.
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Academics across the sciences and humanities are increasingly being encouraged to use social media as a post-publication strategy to enhance and extend the impact of their articles and books. As well as various measures of social media impact, the turn towards publication outlets which are open access and free to use is contributing to anxieties over where, what and how to publish. This is all the more pernicious given the increasing measures of academic value that govern the academy, and the stresses, strains and hidden injuries that structure academic life. This article will debate these issues and their consequences for the humanities and social sciences by analysing the contours of a recent controversy in academic science publishing, which follows the after-lives of a highly cited journal article. This includes a discussion of the value and status of post-publication peer review, and the politics of open access publishing, of citation and the public communication of science within digital environments and archives.
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Borrego, Ángel, and Lluís Anglada. "Faculty information behaviour in the electronic environment." New Library World 117, no. 3/4 (March 14, 2016): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nlw-11-2015-0089.
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Purpose – This study aims to investigate how the transition from print to electronic scholarly communication has affected faculty’s information behaviour and their perception of academic libraries. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was distributed among academics affiliated to the member universities of the Consortium of University Services of Catalonia. A total of 2,230 replies were received. Findings – Journal articles are the most relevant information resource used for research and teaching purposes. Databases are the preferred starting point for bibliographic searches, although a significant proportion of scholars rely on Internet search engines. The main source for gaining access to documents is libraries, followed by free materials available online. Scholarly journals are the preferred channel for disseminating research outputs, with the open access being a factor of marginal interest when deciding where to publish. Originality/value – The results of this study should be useful to guide policies regarding scientific information and research and, more specifically, policies regarding academic libraries.
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Parle, Julie. "Perspectives: Introduction." Historia 63, no. 1 (November 3, 2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8392/2021/v66n1a1.
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In August 2019, economist Johan Fourie of Stellenbosch University invited Historia to publish a "reflection piece" he had written and presented in March that year at the University of the Free State. In it, he puts forward his views of what History does, what it ought to do, and how it can perhaps be done better here in (South) Africa. His central concern is with big data and digitising records. He issues a number of seemingly bold challenges and provocations to historians. A slightly edited version of that piece is reproduced below. Rather than publish it as a stand-alone piece, however, and in the spirit of respectful exchange, we are publishing four substantial engagements with several of the arguments made by Fourie. These responses are by Faeeza Ballim, Gerald Groenewald, Jennifer Upton and Tinashe Nyamunda, all of whom are experts in their respective fields and experienced in their craft. Each takes the substantive points made by Fourie seriously, and responds to them in different ways. Best read as perspectives on a complex and enduring debate amongst people who are mindful of the politics of the past as well as being critically engaged with what historians "do" in the present, they recognise the technological and methodological promises of digital histories and big data, but eloquently remind us too of their limitations and indeed their potential pitfalls. There is much more to discuss, not the least of which is the responsibility for the ownership of and access to such records in a democratic and socially just world. The authors' information is included at the close, after a brief "Response" by Fourie.
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Guralnick, Robert, John Wieczorek, and David Bloom. "The Death of VertNet Has Been Greatly Exaggerated But We Still Archive." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 22, 2018): e26836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26836.
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VertNet (vertnet.org) is a collaborative project that makes biodiversity data free and available on the web. VertNet is also a tool designed to help people discover, improve, and publish biodiversity data. It is also the core of a collaboration between hundreds of biocollections that contribute biodiversity data and work together to improve it. VertNet has its genesis in the late 1990s and the very beginnings of vertebrate collections data sharing, and is nearing its 20th birthday. The small team that coordinates VertNet efforts long recognized the value of archival versions of VertNet data separate from individual published Darwin Core Archives. Here we describe why we produce what we call “snapshots” of the VertNet index. To understand the snapshots, it is important to also know how the VertNet indexing process works, which includes efforts at better flagging record types and special content of particular value to data consumers. We provide a brief explanation of the process we developed for creating these snapshots, focusing on how to assure their citation and licensing, and how to decide the scope of different snapshots. We also discuss the collaborative process of deciding infrastructure for archiving those snapshots, and our thinking about timing of new snapshots. In particular, we cover the use of Google BigQuery to produce snapshots and CyVerse as infrastructure for archival storage.
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Zhang, Liying, Chengliang Wu, and Yan Hao. "How to Improve the Supply of Quasi-Public Forest Infrastructure When Government Is the Leader: Evidence from Experimental Economics." Forests 14, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020275.
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Forest infrastructure is an important material basis for healthy forests. According to public goods theory, most forest infrastructures are quasi-public goods, with demand exceeding supply, more than one supplier, unclear responsibilities between suppliers, and a resultant free-rider problem. This study explored ways to improve the supply of goods for forest infrastructure when the government—as leader—cooperates with foresters—as followers. Experimental economics were used to explain the factors that influence the behaviour of forest infrastructure quasi-public goods suppliers; to design twelve policy scenarios by communication, information feedback, rewards and punishments, and leadership styles; and to simulate the changes in foresters’ supply behaviour in different scenarios to analyse which policies were conducive to improving the supply of quasi-public forest infrastructures. The results were as follows: communication, rewards and punishments, information feedback, and leadership style reduce foresters’ free-riding behaviour; communication, rewards, and punishment increase supply, and, furthermore, the supply of the scenario with rewards and punishment is 1.792–4.616 times that of the situation without rewards and punishment; without the constraints of rewards and punishment, only feedback information reduces the supply; and the p values of the Mann–Whitney U test for the influence of leadership style on the supply level of forest infrastructure were all greater than 0.05, which indicates that no significant difference exists between leading by words and leading by example in supply improvement. When foresters are able to communicate with each other, reward and punishment exist, and information feedback is provided; hence, the supply of foresters is higher regardless of whether the government leads by words or by example. This study provided policy suggestions on how to improve the supply of quasi-public goods for forestry infrastructure, namely, that the organizer should organize foresters to fully negotiate before raising funds for infrastructure construction; publish, when appropriate, the supply and income of foresters; and formulate appropriate reward and punishment measures.
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Shah, Jay N. "How to write abstract for a scientific journal article." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v4i1.24657.
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Abstract is the ‘mini article’. It provides the background, the context, the purpose of the study. Briefly it describes the methods- where, how the participants were recruited, study design, variables studied, analytical methods and ethical issues. The findings are in line with the objectives and methods and its significance to draw the conclusions. The key words are listed at the end, in the journal style. Abstract is indexed and freely available. Thus, the information must confer to text.
There is a word limit, usually of 250 words. Thus it requires time and skill to include important information with logical flow to ‘capture’ the essence of full article. The ‘copy-paste’ of sections from the main content should not be done because there is word limit. For example, there are only two to three lines of 20-30 words space for the ‘background’ in the abstract, unlike the 150 to 200 words for introduction section in the main article. Majority of readers, as much as three quarters, read only abstract after scanning for the title, and do not proceed to read full article due to unavailability of free-full-text or simply too many articles available on the net. Thus, abstract should contain as much information as possible in a concise form. Many non-English language journals publish abstract in English, which are indexed on various repository. Thus it is important to give time to write abstract, to ‘hook’ the readers and peers as well as increase visibility of the article. Even though, abstract appears at the beginning of the manuscript, it should be written when the article writing is completed. This allows elaborating upon key aspects of the paper, yet being concise, to help readers ‘want’ to read the rest of the paper.
There is often a question, especially for the beginners, to decide how much information is enough in the abstract. This is not that difficult to comprehend; a simple logic is consider- ‘if the abstract is the only part of the paper accessible’, it the story complete? As a reader or peer, are you happy with the amount of information, and if the answer is "no" then it has to be revised. The information in the abstract must make sense of the full article.
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Tatarinova, Larуsa. "Self-published." Вісник Книжкової палати, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36273/2076-9555.2020.2(283).5-11.
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Continuing to consider the trends of the world book publishing, it is impossible not to dwell on the self-publishing, which has been gaining momentum in the world since the beginning of the century. Back in 2008, samizdat was equal to the number of titles published with books published by traditional publishers. In 2018, 1 million book titles were self-published in the US. China has crossed the million mark long ago. Statistics from China and Japan coming to the International Publishers Association also include self-published books, so the number of titles published in China is a staggering 65 007 519 and Japan's 2 017 808, including those published by traditional publishers in China — 203 000, and in Japan — 76 581 [1]. In our study, we sought to identify causes and identify trends in the emergence, growth, and spread of self-publishing in European countries and the United States. How self-publishing allows authors of publications to bypass publishers and bookstores and sell books directly to a potential reader. The impact of self-publishing on the publishing industry as a whole has been established: reducing the cost of printing, storing and distributing books. It has been proven that the impetus for self-publishing publications has been the development of technology, the improvement of e-book and tablet readers that have improved readability; provided free access to view and purchase the book. The article explores the advantages and disadvantages of self-publishing a book; the role of publishing platforms that allow the author to publish the book independently; the author's image risks are analyzed when publishing a book with self-view; attention is paid to the concept of graphic arts; the difference between graphomaniac and true self-expression is determined. Literary genres preferred by authors who decide to publish a book by themselves are considered. Self-published books are generally not eligible for prizes for literary or artistic achievement. The article gives examples of the first literary awards for self-published authors.
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Stoinea, Vasilică. "Flawed Administration through the Lens of Free Access to Public Information." Perspectives of Law and Public Administration 13, no. 1 (March 25, 2024): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62768/plpa/2024/13/1/02.
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This paper conducts an analysis of the concept of "good administration" in contrast to the concept of "flawed administration", with both concepts being examined through the lens of free access to public information. Issues related to access to public information are often timely and can have a significant impact on society and political processes. Therefore, research in this field can be particularly relevant and can capture public attention. Transparent and responsible public administration is essential for good governance. This theme can contribute to identifying issues of flawed administration in the domain of public information communication and can provide solutions for enhancing governmental transparency. The uniqueness of the theme lies in its multifaceted approach, including transparency and administrative responsibility, legislation concerning access to public information, as well as the use of specific case studies to illustrate issues related to this topic. Thus, in this article, we will present several pertinent cases from judicial practice that illustrate how flawed administration is often linked to the denial or restriction of access to public information.
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Duester, Emma. "How Digitization is Empowering Vietnamese Cultural Professionals to Preserve, Present, and Promote Art and Culture Online: Navigating Challenges whilst Harnessing Opportunities to Create a Digital Culture." Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture 50, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2021-0009.
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Abstract The ability to publish and provide access to cultural resources via free, open source digital platforms is empowering Vietnamese cultural professionals to promote their culture to local and international audiences. Digitization projects now include the use of 3D, VR, and AR digital technologies for the purpose of being published on digital platforms. This is creating an emergent digital culture in Vietnam, with an increasing amount of available resources online. Digitization projects are now used to preserve cultural heritage as well as to present and promote contemporary art and culture. This reflects a change in practices amongst cultural professionals in Hanoi, in terms of how digital technologies are used and the value placed on making cultural resources publicly accessible online. However, as new content, knowledge, and voices are able to participate in the online discourse on art and culture, the question remains as to whether this digital transition is creating greater equality and inclusion in the cultural sector or if it is exacerbating already existing forms of digital cultural colonialism. This paper presents findings from 50 interviews with cultural professionals working in the cultural sector in Hanoi about their digitization projects and digital work practices, the developments in digitization in Hanoi’s cultural sector over the past five years, how cultural professionals are utilizing the opportunities afforded by digital technologies for cultural preservation and promotion, as well as the challenges they face in carrying out digitization projects.
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Dalimunthe, Septian Rizky, Sri Anisa Pujawati, and Akmal Satria Alvin Sitorus. "TECHNICAL SECURITY IN ITE LAW AND COPYRIGHTS OF DEVICES AND SYSTEMS." POLICY, LAW, NOTARY AND REGULATORY ISSUES (POLRI) 1, no. 2 (March 5, 2022): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55047/polri.v1i2.124.
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Copyright is the creator's or recipient's exclusive right to publish or reproduce his work, or to grant permission to do so, without reducing the restrictions imposed by applicable laws and regulations. This research aims to determine how the legal protection of creators for the use of illegal software is based on the Copyrights Law No. 19 of 2002. The study employs normative law research methods, as well as secondary data obtained through library research. According to the findings, product piracy costs the creator both financially and morally, as well as having an economic impact on the country. Aside from that, using pirated software raises a fatal risk because malware/viruses can easily infiltrate software, opening the way for cyber attacks. As a consequence, it is recommended that legal proprietary software be used for work, learning, or other software-related activities. If people are unable to obtain legal software due to a lack of resources, they should consider other options, such as open source software that is available for free. Furthermore, proprietary software (closed) vendors must be able to offer reasonable prices. If a person or company infringes on another's copyright, they could face criminal charges or civil lawsuits.
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Lurie, N., C. J. Kamberg, R. H. Brook, E. B. Keeler, and J. P. Newhouse. "How free care improved vision in the health insurance experiment." American Journal of Public Health 79, no. 5 (May 1989): 640–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.79.5.640.
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Pandit, Niraj, and Jay Patwa. "Open defecation-free India by 2019: How villages are progressing?" Indian Journal of Community Medicine 43, no. 3 (2018): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_83_18.
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Martinić, Lorena, Ana Šafran Modrić, and Nikolina Štrbac. "Zagreb Library Association social media Editorial Board." BOSNIACA, no. 28 (December 10, 2023): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37083/bosn.2023.28.167.
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In this paper, we will present the Editorial Board of Social Networks of the Zagreb Library Association (ZLA), when it was founded, how it functions, and the challenges it faces. The article will mention which social networks the Editorial Board uses to promote ZLA, and its members, but also to attract new ones. The paper will further explain how the Editorial Board chooses content to publish and how it creates its own, original content. It will present in detail all original categories, both ongoing and finished, and a free online visual editor used by the Editorial Board.
The second part of this paper will present the analysis of the activities on each social network where ZLA has active profiles (Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter (today X), YouTube, Pinterest, TikTok). These statistical data will be compared: page followers and number of posts in each year from the beginning of 2020 to the first half of the current year. It will also be analysed to what extent the number of posts and their content affects the followers’ growth on each of the social networks.
In conclusion, the paper will argue that content is not enough, it is also important how often it is published. It will present differences in the popularity and usage of social networks, the dynamics of publishing, and the choice of format, which the Editorial Board thinks is sometimes more important than the content.
Finally, it will show the importance of its own, original content, which sets this Editorial Board apart from the content of social networks of other associations, libraries, and book bloggers. Thanks to high-quality and inspiring content, attractive visuals for announcements, and a well-thought-out publishing schedule, the Editorial Board has reached an enviable number of followers with whom it interacts regularly
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Hayati, Istiqomatul, Reza Helmi, and Eka Wenats Wuryanta. "ROKOK ELEKTRONIK DAN SILANG SENGKARUT KOMUNIKASI." WACANA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komunikasi 19, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.32509/wacana.v19i1.1036.
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E-cigarette consumption increases as smoke-free campaigns worldwide. Some consider the consumption of e-cigarettes is a healthy way to quit smoking. E-cigarettes are considered to help eliminate smoking habit. In fact, quitting smoking cannot be replaced with e-cigarette. Because, in vape there are glycerin, nicotine, and seasoning placed in the cartridge. Honestdoc writes the glycerin or propylene propylene to produce moisture. In effect, an electronic smoker will be irritated to a person's filtration channel. The purpose of this research is to see how Tempo.co and Kompas write news about the difference of communication in the Ministry of Trade and the Ministry of Health who have not published rules regarding the restriction or prohibition of electronic cigarette. Critical discourse analysis used to dissect government communication about electronic cigarette consumption, which isn’t in line, such as written Kompas.com and Tempo.co from the start of this issue revolving until now. Both media shows, the government's plainness to publish rules regarding the restriction or prohibition e-cigarettes due to confusion to health of people or save investments. Consequently, until now, there isn’t clear regulation about this. Regulations are limited to the new imposition of excise imposed on July 1st 2018.
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Zuhra, Amalia, and Ahmad Sabirin. "Quo Vadis Loss and Damage Fund After Cop28?" ADPEBI International Journal of Business and Social Science 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54099/aijbs.v4i1.940.
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One of the critical decisions of COP28 related to the L&D fund. Developing countries are confused. If the WB manages L&D, 12% of the fund will be deducted from the WB. If the fund is not managed correctly with World Bank standards, transaction costs, and leakage will result in the L&D fund losing a lot. Based on background, the paper examines how financing climate change L&D will work for developing countries. The findings in this paper show that if the WB manages the L&D fund. The fund management's independence, transparency, and effectiveness will likely be interfered with by certain countries with interests. Therefore, it is essential to publish an independent institution for managing and operating the distribution of L&D funds under the auspices of the UNFCC. In addition, the need for a particular chapter in the IPCC on L&D funds encourages and strengthens the seriousness of developed countries with the consistency of responsibility for the fund. Also, private companies that have interests or contribute the most to high emissions need to contribute to this fund. Furthermore, in the author's opinion, L&D funding is considered successful if it fulfills the following four things: consistency, clarity, community-driven, and corruption-free
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Thompson, Felicity. "Now it's free, how to pay for it? Sierra Leone's dilemma." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 88, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 883–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.10.021210.
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Schillo, Barbara A., Stephen Babb, and Harlan R. Juster. "Developing Approaches for Evaluating Smoke-Free Policies." Health Promotion Practice 12, no. 6_suppl_2 (November 2011): 166S—172S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839911414564.
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This article describes how several tobacco control organizations identified and responded to an emerging need for technical assistance on how to evaluate smoke-free policies. The authors outline the purposes of evaluating smoke-free policies and present examples of evaluation approaches and tools. Examples are provided of how evaluation has been used to advance the adoption, implementation, and defense of smoke-free policies. Opportunities for further research are identified. Finally, the authors review lessons learned and discuss their implications for evaluating policy initiatives addressing other public health issues.
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Hurlimann, Anna, Alan March, and Jenny Robins. "University curriculum development – stuck in a process and how to break free." Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 35, no. 6 (October 30, 2013): 639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1360080x.2013.844665.
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Arnott, D., M. Dockrell, A. Sandford, and I. Willmore. "Comprehensive smoke-free legislation in England: how advocacy won the day." Tobacco Control 16, no. 6 (December 1, 2007): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.2007.020255.
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Winoto, Yunus, and Reza Ardhian. "MUSEUM DAN PERPUSTAKAAN." Info Bibliotheca: Jurnal Perpustakaan dan Ilmu Informasi 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ib.v3i2.280.
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Responding to the times and technology, there are more opportunities to develop services from informationinstitutions. Not spared from it are museums and libraries. Therefore, it is considered important formuseums and libraries to always be connected and take collaborative action. The concept of collaborationis often carried with various terms such as GLAM which stands for gallery, library, archive, and museum or LAM or library, archive, and museum. To finalize the concept of cooperation and collaboration betweenmemory institutions or information institutions, further research is needed from academics who specifically examine the relationship between museums and libraries. How they collaborate and what makes the benefits can be felt by both parties. The research carried out can take advantage of current technology that can be accessed for free and easily, namely Google Scholar. This research will continue several other studies regarding thematic analysis of articles contained in Google Scholar. The applications used are Publish or Perish and VOSviewer which will be used as a means of visualizing data and analyzing themes. The research method used is qualitative with a thematic analysis approach. The results obtained, articles about museums and libraries on Google Scholar have related terms, such as “library”, “museum”, “manuscript”, “archive”, “manuscript”, and “collection”. There are 53 authors that appear in VOSviewer, and after manually searching and retrieving the top three articles, these names appear in the visualization.
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Febriyanti, Syafrida Nurrachmi, and Rachmah Ida. "Digital Capitalism Behind the “Broadcast Yourself” Tagline: (Study of Digital Discourse on the Popularity in Indonesia’s YouTube Content Industry)." Jurnal Komunikasi 15, no. 1 (July 27, 2023): 164–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jk.v15i1.20919.
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Through its phenomenal jargon "Broadcast Yourself", YouTube seems to be an important instrument for social life because this platform is designed for amateurs who want to publish their content so that it can be recognized by the whole world. But is it true that this jargon has changed the position of the audience from being just consumers on conventional media to becoming prosumers on the YouTube platform? This research attempts to examine popular content on YouTube in 2018-2020 to obtain an overview of the growing YouTube content industry in Indonesia as well as competition between user-generated content and professional-generated content. ). Digital labor theory from Christian Fuchs is used to read digital capitalism practices that occur on the YouTube platform, while the research methodology used is digital discourse by looking at four dimensions including text, context, action and interaction as well as ideology and power. This research concludes that there has been a practice of digital capitalism on the YouTube platform which can be seen from how the audience has experienced multiple layers of exploitation as free labor on the YouTube platform. Audiences do not only work for capitalist corporations that sell personal data to advertisers, they also become the backbone of capital corporations through the video content they produce. Apart from that, the audience also works for other audiences who are content creators.
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Karas, Maksym. "Press Freedom Challenges (the case of Russian opposition media)." Integrated communications 13, no. 1 (2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-2644.2022.12.
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The subject of the article is the analysis of independent mass media in Russia right after Russia’s invasion in Ukraine in 2022. The author describes the situation in the segment of media opposing to Putin’s dictatorship. The relevance of the study is to analyse the methods of how to oppose and avoid restrictions by governmental censorship. The methodology of the study is the description of the process of media operations under severe governmental violations including internet technology, fiscal and taxation, law enforcement and several others; as well as interviews with editors and journalists from Russian independent media. As a result of the study, three major cases of Russian independent internet media were analysed referring to their struggle against censorship restrictions. The three online media «Novaia Gazeta», «Bumaga», «Novaya Vkladka» were examined. For example, in 2022 the local free media «Bumaga» published in the city of Saint Petersburg had 1.5-2 million original visits per month; it was the leading media in local market on 5 million population metropolitan area. It demonstrated the high level of journalism standards which enabled the news media to be both the popular service media and the effective marketplace for ideas on social and political issues in the region. With the beginning of Russia-Ukraine war editors and journalists rejected strictly to publish official Kremlin propaganda. Though numerous bans and restrictions, «Bumaga» became an effective media even in illegal conditions. Conclusions of the study shows a set of practices that enable the independent media to avoid censorship restrictions under conditions of modern dictatorship regimes. The number of free media in Russia lessens but it is not dramatic. Their futher development corresponds to the European and world media trends.
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Ramsey, John T. "The senate, Mark Antony, and Caesar's legislative legacy." Classical Quarterly 44, no. 1 (May 1994): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800017262.
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This paper seeks to dispel the notion that Mark Antony and the Senate indulged in a cat-and-mouse game over the control of Caesar's archives (his commentarii) in the weeks immediately following the Ides of March. At stake was whether unpublished documents drawn up by Caesar before his death should be ratified and put into force. The belief that the Senate and Antony contended over this issue and that Antony got the upper hand rests primarily on what I hope to show is a misinterpretation of two key passages in the Philippics. Moreover, since the standard interpretation of these two passages appears to be supported by Dio's account of how Antony cajoled the Senate into permitting him a freer hand to review and publish documents found in Caesar's archives, it will be necessary to have a closer look at Dio's probable sources for this particular section of his history.
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Ramsay, Zachary J. A., Rachel E. Bartlett, Christine A. Clarke, Monika R. Asnani, Jennifer M. Knight-Madden, and Georgiana M. Gordon-Strachan. "How Free Is Free Health Care? An Assessment of Universal Health Coverage Among Jamaicans with Sickle Cell Disease." Health Equity 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/heq.2021.0002.
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Brustrom, Jennifer E., and Darryl C. Hunter. "Going the Distance: How Far Will Women Travel to Undergo Free Mammography?" Military Medicine 166, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/166.4.347.
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Heise, Christian, and Joshua M. Pearce. "From Open Access to Open Science: The Path From Scientific Reality to Open Scientific Communication." SAGE Open 10, no. 2 (April 2020): 215824402091590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020915900.
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Although opening up of research is considered an appropriate and trend-setting model for future scientific communication, it can still be difficult to put open science into practice. How open and transparent can a scientific work be? This article investigates the potential to make all information and the whole work process of a qualification project such as a doctoral thesis comprehensively and freely accessible on the internet with an open free license both in the final form and completely traceable in development. The answer to the initial question, the self-experiment and the associated demand for openness, posed several challenges for a doctoral student, the institution, and the examination regulations, which are still based on the publication of an individually written and completed work that cannot be viewed by the public during the creation process. In the case of data and other documents, publication is usually not planned even after completion. This state of affairs in the use of open science in the humanities will be compared with open science best practices in the physical sciences. The reasons and influencing factors for open developments in science and research are presented, empirically and experimentally tested in the development of the first completely open humanities-based PhD thesis. The results of this two-part study show that it is possible to publish everything related to the doctoral study, qualification, and research process as soon as possible, as comprehensively as possible, and under an open license.
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Baso, Yusring Sanusi. "CARA MUDAH MENYIAPKAN MATERI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS WEB DAN CD UNTUK BAHASA INDONESIA." JURNAL ARBITRER 2, no. 1 (April 29, 2015): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ar.2.1.73-80.2015.
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Revolution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has changed the various areas of human life, including the revolution in education. Revolution of education occurs since people migrate their way of learning from conventional to digital learning, face-to-face at a certain time and place into a meeting from anywhere and anytime. In the past we used paper, now we already headed to paperless era. Several years ago, teachers and lecturers is the source of knowledge, it is the source of knowledge can be through a variety of media, such as CD-ROMs and the Internet. The way we learn is change to distant learning with free study hour. Then, it results the term e-learning, knowledge server and knowledge based society.
This article discusses how to prepare simple e-learning material (web and cd-based) about Bahasa Indonesian. The program that employs to elaborate and modify the material is Hot Potatoes which is published by the University of Victoria and the Half-Baked Software. The material of Bahasa Indonesian use in this program is a set of questions on National Examination for Selection Admissions (SPMB). These questions will create an interactive multimedia material, especially web-based and CD-based material.
Modules that are discussed in this article including input of data (questions, answers, etc.), output configuration (modification of the display and apperance), as well as techniques to publish on the website. In addition, it will also discuss how to keep the material in the web and cd.
The final result (output) or material output from this program is the material that can be used as in learning Bahasa Indonesian, especially for self training and test. The Output will be in the form of website and CDs.
Keywords: e-learning, Hot Potatoes, web and cd.
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Hedstrom, Ellen, Katarzyna Kostyrka-Allchorne, Blandine French, Cristine Glazebrook, Charlotte Lucy Hall, Hanna Kovshoff, Nancy Lean, and Edmund Sonuga-Barke. "Process evaluation of a Structured E-parenting Support (STEPS) in the OPTIMA randomised controlled trial: a protocol." BMJ Open 14, no. 5 (May 2024): e081563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081563.
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IntroductionStructured E-parenting Support(STEPS) is a digital application (app) designed to help parents manage behaviour of their children who are referred to mental health services and are waiting for an assessment or treatment. STEPS is currently being evaluated in the Online Parent Training for the Initial Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder randomised controlled trial. Alongside the examination of STEPS’ clinical and cost-effectiveness, we are conducting a process evaluation to better understand the contextual factors that may influence study outcomes. The purpose of this protocol is to describe the aims, objectives and methodology of the process evaluation prior to it taking place to add to the fidelity and rigour of the trial process and outcomes. Our goal is to adapt STEPS to optimise its benefits in future applications.MethodsIn line with the Medical Research Council guidelines for evaluating complex interventions, the process evaluation will adopt a mixed method design using qualitative data collected from clinicians and parent interviews and app usage data from participants assigned to the intervention arm.AnalysisQualitative data from semistructured interviews and free text box responses included in trial questionnaires will be analysed thematically using framework analysis to better understand how parents use STEPS, how it works and key factors that could aid or hinder its effective implementation in routine clinical practice.EthicsThe application for ethical approval for the study was submitted to the North West—Liverpool Central Research Ethics Committee and received a favourable opinion on further information on 26 November 2021, reference number 21/NW/0319.DisseminationThe process evaluation aims to explore how a digital app might support parents in managing their child’s behaviour. Implications for policy and research will be explored and the clinical implications of offering the app to a wider audience to address the lack of support to parents as highlighted in this paper. We plan to publish findings in international, peer-reviewed journals as well as present at conferences.Trial registration numberThe trial has been prospectively registered on 18 November 2021;ISRCTN816523503.https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16523503.
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Connolly, Gregory N., Carrie M. Carpenter, Mark J. Travers, K. Michael Cummings, Andrew Hyland, Maurice Mulcahy, and Luke Clancy. "How smoke-free laws improve air quality: A global study of Irish pubs." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 11, no. 6 (April 20, 2009): 600–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp038.
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Albers, Nele, Mark A. Neerincx, Kristell M. Penfornis, and Willem-Paul Brinkman. "Users’ needs for a digital smoking cessation application and how to address them: A mixed-methods study." PeerJ 10 (August 19, 2022): e13824. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13824.
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Background Despite their increasing prevalence and potential, eHealth applications for behavior change suffer from a lack of adherence and from dropout. Advances in virtual coach technology provide new opportunities to improve this. However, these applications still do not always offer what people need. We, therefore, need a better understanding of people’s needs and how to address these, based on both actual experiences of users and their reflections on envisioned scenarios. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study in which 671 smokers interacted with a virtual coach in five sessions. The virtual coach assigned them a new preparatory activity for quitting smoking or increasing physical activity in each session. Participants provided feedback on the activity in the next session. After the five sessions, participants were asked to describe barriers and motivators for doing their activities. In addition, they provided their views on videos of scenarios such as receiving motivational messages. To understand users’ needs, we took a mixed-methods approach. This approach triangulated findings from qualitative data, quantitative data, and the literature. Results We identified 14 main themes that describe people’s views of their current and future behaviors concerning an eHealth application. These themes relate to the behaviors themselves, the users, other parties involved in a behavior, and the environment. The most prevalent theme was the perceived usefulness of behaviors, especially whether they were informative, helpful, motivating, or encouraging. The timing and intensity of behaviors also mattered. With regards to the users, their perceived importance of and motivation to change, autonomy, and personal characteristics were major themes. Another important role was played by other parties that may be involved in a behavior, such as general practitioners or virtual coaches. Here, the themes of companionableness, accountability, and nature of the other party (i.e., human vs AI) were relevant. The last set of main themes was related to the environment in which a behavior is performed. Prevalent themes were the availability of sufficient time, the presence of prompts and triggers, support from one’s social environment, and the diversity of other environmental factors. We provide recommendations for addressing each theme. Conclusions The integrated method of experience-based and envisioning-based needs acquisition with a triangulate analysis provided a comprehensive needs classification (empirically and theoretically grounded). We expect that our themes and recommendations for addressing them will be helpful for designing applications for health behavior change that meet people’s needs. Designers should especially focus on the perceived usefulness of application components. To aid future work, we publish our dataset with user characteristics and 5,074 free-text responses from 671 people.