Academic literature on the topic 'How long do Airpods take to charge'

COVID-19 has had wide-ranging impacts on organisations with the potential to disrupt efforts to decarbonise their operations. To understand how COVID-19 has affected the climate change mitigation strategies of Airport Operators (AOs), questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with Sustainability Managers were undertaken in late 2020 amidst a period of disruption. While all reported that COVID-19 impacted delivery of interventions and projects to mitigate climate change, the majority stated that it would not impact their long-term climate goals, such as Net Zero by 2050. The most popular climate change mitigation interventions AOs intend to deploy between now and 2030 are on-site renewables and Electric Vehicles and related infrastructure. Engineered carbon removal interventions were considered highly unlikely to be deployed in this timeframe, with potential implications for Net Zero decarbonisation pathways. Despite the severe impacts of COVID-19 on the sector, results indicate that AOs remain committed to decarbonisation, with climate change action remaining the key priority for airports. Given ongoing financial and resource constraints, AOs will need to explore new business models and partnerships and nurture collaborative approaches with other aviation stakeholders to not only maintain progress toward Net Zero but “build back better”. Government support will also be needed to stimulate the development of a sustainable, resilient, low-carbon aviation system.

Abstract: Indian English Literature has its roots in the works of the 19th century writers such as Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindranath Tagore, and Sarojini Naidu. In this paper we have reflected mental harassment or emotional abuse through the literary work of famous writer Shashi Deshpande. Her novel “ That Long Silence “ is about a character “Jaya” whose journey of self discovery is a difficult one. She is the victim of the patriarchal society that has denied her the freedom to pursue her dreams. The novel highlights the struggle of women in India. It shows how women are expected to conform to the norms of society and how they are often denied basic rights to make decisions about their own lives. Deshpande encourages women to take charge of their own lives and to be independent and self-reliant.

Partial state of charge (PSOC) is an important use case for lead–acid batteries. Charging times in lead–acid cells and batteries can be variable, and when used in PSOC operation, the manufacturer’s recommended charge times for single-cycle use are not necessarily applicable. Knowing how long charging will take and what the variability in time required is allows for better planning of operations and algorithm creation for battery energy storage system (BESS) manufacturers. This paper details and demonstrates a procedure for identifying the charging time of cells when different charge throughputs occur prior to reaching full charge. The results showed that the charging time in PSOC operations was highly variable when a charge-factor-controlled full-charge procedure was used. Also noted were that higher voltages for the same state of charge were reached as the number of cycles following reaching full charge increased. None of the regimes tested in this paper caused any significant capacity degradation, which demonstrates that PSOC operations can be performed even on cells not specifically designed for them, provided the correct regime is chosen.

The generally low energy density from most heat sources—the Sun, Earth as well as most human activities—implies that solid-state thermoelectric devices are the most versatile heat harvesters since, unlike steam engines, they can be used on a small scale and at small temperature differences. In this opinion piece, we first discuss the materials requirements for the widespread use of thermoelectrics. We argue that carbon-based materials, such as conducting polymers and carbon nanotubes, are particularly suited for large area and low-temperature operation applications, as they are abundant, low-toxicity and easy to process. We combine experimentally observed macro-trends and basic thermoelectric relations to evaluate the major performance limitations of this technology thus far and propose a number of avenues to take the thermoelectric efficiency of organic materials beyond the state of the art. First, we emphasize how charge carrier mobility, rather than charge density, is currently limiting performance, and discuss how to improve mobility by exploiting anisotropy, high persistence length materials and composites with long and well-dispersed carbon nanotubes. We also show that reducing thermal conductivity could double efficiency while reducing doping requirements. Finally, we discuss several ways in which composites could further boost performance, introducing the concept of interface engineering to produce phonon stack-electron tunnel composites. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Energy materials for a low carbon future'.

Picture this; You are sitting in your office, seeing lots of clients. They come to you from far and wide to seek your advice. You feel good, knowing you can help them. You know that if you tell them they have to come back and see you again, they will readily accept your advice. If you are sick for a week or two, you know they will wait until you are better. You can charge what you like and you are earning a tidy sum of money. You know you will be around in the business world for a long, long, time. You look at the long list of bookings. You reach for the telephone and ring a trusted colleague. “Can you come in for a couple of days,” you ask. “I've got a backlog of clients to get through.” Your colleague wonders how you do it. Your colleague is struggling to make ends meet. If your colleague was to ask: “How did you do it?” what would your response be? Would you be talking about marketing strategies? Perhaps you would be talking about business plans? Or perhaps you had another strategy up your sleeve that works well for you? Take the time to reflect on your own strategies for a while. Then write down your own ideas for later use.

The world today is facing trying times with democracy in crisis around the world, extreme weather events, and state fragility coming on the heels of a global pandemic. However, crises have been the driving force in the evolution of human society. The problems confronting us today cannot be resolved by one organization or one country alone. What is needed is effective communication among peoples, groups, and countries. Even with technological advances in machine translation and AI tools, we as language teachers have much that we can do. This talk will suggest the importance of building social capital through communication, present evidence-based education concepts for efficient teaching, and examine how to work with Gen Z students. Education for a VUCA world of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (Bennett & Lemoine, 2014) must prepare students to learn how to take charge of their own learning experiences and thus develop a growth mindset to embark on a never-ending life-long adventure of learning. They can thus contribute to social capital and a better human society.

Everyday interactions depend on more than just rational discourse; they also depend on emotional reactions. Having this information is crucial to making any kind of practical or even rational decision, as it can help to better understand one another by sharing our responses and providing recommendations on how they may feel. Several studies have recently begun to focus on emotion detection and labeling, proposing different methods for organizing feelings and detecting emotions in speech. Determining how emotions are conveyed through speech has been given major emphasis in social interactions during the last decade. However, the real efficiency of identification needs to be improved because of the severe lack of data on the primary temporal link of the speech waveform. Currently, a new approach to speech recognition is recommended, which couples structured audio information with long-term neural networks to fully take advantage of the shift in emotional content across phases. In addition to time series characteristics, structural speech features taken from the waveforms are now in charge of maintaining the underlying connection between layers of the actual speech. There are several Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based algorithms for identifying emotional focus over numerous blocks. The proposed method (i) reduced overhead by optimizing the standard forgetting gate, reducing the amount of required processing time, (ii) applied an attention mechanism to both the time and feature dimension in the LSTM's final output to get task-related information, rather than using the output from the prior iteration of the standard technique, and (iii) employed a powerful strategy to locate the spatial characteristics in the final output of the LSTM to gain information, as opposed to using the findings from the prior phase of the regular method. The proposed method achieved an overall classification accuracy of 96.81%.

In this paper, a mathematical simulation model of an electric vehicle traction battery has been developed, in which the battery was studied during the dynamic modes of its charge and discharge for heavy electric vehicles in various driving conditions—the conditions of the urban cycle and movement outside the city. The state of a lithium-ion battery is modeled based on operational factors, including changes in battery temperature. The simulation results will be useful for the implementation of real-time systems that take into account the processes of changing the characteristics of traction batteries. The developed mathematical model can be used in battery management systems to monitor the state of charge and battery degradation using the assessment of the state of charge (SOC) and the state of health (SOH). This is especially important when designing and operating a smart battery management system (BMS) in virtually any application of lithium-ion batteries, providing information on how long the device will run before it needs to be charged (SOC value) and when the battery should be replaced due to loss of battery capacity (SOH value). Based on the battery equivalent circuit and the system of equations, a simulation model was created to calculate the electrical and thermal characteristics. The equivalent circuit includes active and reactive elements, each of which imitates the physicochemical parameter of the battery under study or the structural element of the electrochemical battery. The input signals of the mathematical model are the current and ambient temperatures obtained during the tests of the electric vehicle, and the output signals are voltage, electrolyte temperature and degree of charge. The resulting equations make it possible to assign values of internal resistance to a certain temperature value and a certain value of the degree of charge. As a result of simulation modeling, the dependence of battery heating at various ambient temperatures was determined.

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells have attracted much attention in recent years because of the low production cost and ease of device fabrication. However, the power conversion efficiency is still low compared to the silicon and perovskite solar cells so that further research is necessary to improve their performance. In particular, understanding of the detailed mechanisms of charge carrier generation, recombination and carrier transport process is very important for developing design principles of new compounds for OPVs. Until now, polymer-based compounds have been widely used for p-type semiconductors. However, it is not easy to obtain information on how the microscopic structure of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blend of donor and acceptor materials affect the charge carrier dynamics because one cannot easily control the molecular weight and conformational distributions of polymer compounds. On the other hand, small molecule-based semiconductors have several unique advantages such well-defined chemical structures, ease of purification and small batch-to-batch variations. Tetrabenzoporphyrin (BP) has been frequently used as a small-molecule organic semiconductor. Recently, Yamada and coworkers synthesized diketopyrrolopyrrole-linked tetrabenzoporphyrin (DPP-BP) conjugates that have linear alkyl groups on the DPP moieties whose chain length is defined as n, namely, Cn-DPP-BP (n=4, 6, 8, or 10). For DPP-BP based solar cells, they demonstrated that alkyl chain length affects the power conversion efficiency. Therefore, it is very interesting to see how the local BHJ structures of DPP-BP based thin films affect the initial step of the charge carrier dynamics because such studies are difficult to perform for polymer-based systems. We can take advantage of small molecule-based systems to study the relationship between the local structure and the charge carrier dynamics. In this work, we used time-resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy to investigate the charge carrier dynamics of DPP-BP BHJ thin films blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM). Time-resolved THz spectroscopy is a unique method to quantify charge carrier mobility with very fast time resolution (less than picosecond). This spectroscopy reflects the charge carrier dynamics in the local spatial region because of the high-frequency nature of the THz electric field. We chose C4-DPP-BP:PC61BM and C10-DPP-BP:PC61BM thin films for the THz measurements. In the previous study, it was found that C4-DPP-BP molecule prefers to take a face-on geometry on the substrate. A grain size of the aggregates was around 100 nm or smaller which were measured by atomic force microscopy. In such a structure, one can expect that charge transport takes place very efficiently to the electrode. Actually, power conversion efficiency is 5.2 % which is highest among a series of DPP-BP chromophores. On the other hand, C10-DPP-BP adopts an edge-on geometry on the substrate and forms micrometer-sized aggregates. In this structure, molecular stacking is oriented perpendicular to the electrode so that power conversion efficiency decreases to 0.19%. In contrast to the other measurements, the THz spectroscopy has sensitivity to in-plane motion of the charge carriers with respect to the substrate, we expect to observe higher in-plane mobility of the charge carriers in the C10-DPP-BP:PC61BM BHJ films compared to C4-DPP-BP based films. In contrast to our intuitive expectation, we found that the product of the carrier mobility and the yield of the photo-generated charge carriers is similar to each other. We consider that the similarity of the charge carrier dynamics results from the high-frequency nature of the local mobility of the polarons because most of the polarons are confined in less than a 10-nm length scale. Furthermore, the lowest limit of the carrier mobility obtained from our results is about 1.0 cm2V-1s-1 when the quantum yield of the charge carrier generation is assumed to be unity. This value is much higher than those obtained by space-charge-limited current method. We expect that charge separation occurs very efficiently when the local mobility of the charge carrier is high. In this contribution, we will present importance of the local mobility of the charge carriers and difference of charge transport between short and long length scales in DPP-BP based solar cells.

Raphael Lemkin is hardly known to a Polish audiences. One of the most honored Poles of theXX century, forever revered in the history of human rights, nominated six times for the Nobel PeacePrize, Lemkin sacrificed his entire life to make a real change in the world: the creation of the term“genocide” and making it a crime under international law. How long was his struggle to establishwhat we now take as obvious, what we now take for granted?This paper offers his short biography, showing his long road from realizing that the killing oneperson was considered a murder but that under international law in 1930s the killing a million wasnot. Through coining the term “genocide” in 1944, he helped make genocide a criminal charge atthe Nuremburg war crimes trials of Nazi leaders in late 1945, although there the crime of genocidedid not cover killing whole tribes when committed on inhabitants of the same country nor when notduring war. He next lobbied the new United Nations to adopt a resolution that genocide is a crimeunder international law, which it adopted on 11 December, 1946. Although not a U.N. delegate – hewas “Totally Unofficial,” the title of his autobiography – Lemkin then led the U.N. in creating theConvention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, adopted 9 December, 1948.Until his death in 1958, Lemkin lobbied tirelessly to get other U.N. states to ratify the Convention.His legacy is that, as of 2015, 147 U.N. states have done so, 46 still on hold. His tomb inscriptionreads simply, “Dr. Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959), Father of the Genocide Convention”. Without himthe world as we know it, would not be possible.

In the concluding chapter, Chapter 11, we summarize the various methods that asset-owning investors might consider applying when they are endeavouring to catalyse change and innovate prudently. They can achieve this by viewing the world through the lens of those institutional investors who search for organizational innovation and reconfiguration to meet their long-term objectives in a challenging world. The objectives of Chapter 11, and indeed of the whole book, have been to remind investors of their core functions and to show them how they can best take charge of their futures. This chapter lays down plans for how asset owners might mobilize their innovative ideas and, indeed, persuade their boards to resource them appropriately.

Begins with Barry Stroud’s reconstruction of Descartes’s dream argument; lays out the critique of the argument that emerges from what Austin wrote in “Other Minds”; describes the long-standing consensus on how, and why, Austin’s way with skepticism goes wrong; shows how poorly this consensus view, of why Austin wrote as he did, fits with what Austin said about why he wrote as he did; explains how Austin’s requirement, that our epistemology be faithful to what we would ordinarily say and do, is properly to be understood, and why he endorsed it; defends Austin’s fidelity requirement against the charge that it fails to take proper account of (i) our failure to agree on what we would ordinarily say, (ii) the pragmatic factors that influence what we ordinarily say, (iii) the attitude of philosophical detachment with which epistemology is conducted, and (iv) the role intuitions play in epistemology.

This final chapter reminds readers that the book is based on three fundamental assumptions. First, the leadership industry does not take sufficiently seriously its responsibility for teaching people how to lead. Second, the industry has the capital to prime the pedagogical pump—though not, self-evidently, so far, the political will. Third, experts and educators must themselves lead the charge for change. This is not just idle intellectual chatter, but a practical issue of the utmost consequence. For so long as professionalism is shunned, so long will leadership stay stuck—an occupation of dubious repute instead of a respected profession. The closing pages provide guidelines for transitioning leadership from where it is to where it should be. The whole, then, is not about greatness or exceptionalism or leaders who are legends. Rather it is about being up to the task—about teaching how to lead, learning how to lead, as ethically as effectively.

Publishing a scientific article is not a simple task. You may ultimately have to publish a paper to either take scientific grants or take a Ph.D. or master's degree, so it is to your advantage to keep all the necessary steps in your hands. First and foremost, when you are asked to write such a paper, it is essential to organize your ideas in a way that is convenient for submitting a manuscript for consideration in an appropriate journal. Everyone who has submitted a manuscript in a scientific journal has had the frustrating experience of spending a long time writing the manuscript and waiting for the journal feedback, only to discover at the end that your article is not good enough for publication in that journal. Therefore, the task wouldn't end if the manuscript weren't accepted for publication, following a long peer-review process. However, you have no idea how to be successful in publishing your article? Calm down! There are several reasons for using this guide. This work was designed exactly to help you, casually, but with much content. All the authors' experience is shared here, with tips and recommendations to save you from frequent mistakes and lead you to the fastest and most assertive path. Not only have you the charge of contributing to the advancement of scientific knowledge, but also to publish your research with responsibility. Publishing your article will not be easy, but it would be nice and less complicated if you came with us to build it up.

Abstract Transport is a particularly problematic area for environmental policy. Good transport is a vital part of our economy and society, but transport activities have a range of negative environmental and other impacts. Direct physical effects include vehicle emissions, which have both a local impact on air quality but also global impacts in terms of CO and other climate change gasses. Other direct impacts include vehicle noise, land-take by roads, airports and railways, and the waste produced when vehicles are scrapped. But a distinctive feature of transport activities is that they also have ‘second-order’ system impacts. These relate to how societies and economies create and adapt to increasingly transport-intensive lifestyles. Such effects include changes in activity and settlement patterns which stimulate dispersed land-use patterns and high transport dependence. These second-order effects of transport developments can have long-term, entrenched, and often unanticipated social impacts. For example, health effects are not just traffic accidents or even traffic pollution contributing to respiratory illness, but poor health from an increasingly sedentary and obese society.

Abstract Human beings have always imagined their environment, thereby creating ‘mental maps.’ Even before knowing how to write, they drew maps in order to come to terms with, and to take control over, the spatial dimension of their livelihood. An important aspect of this spatial dimension constituted communication with deities and ancestors of the netherworld. In ancient China religious experts took charge of this particular aspect. Moreover, as in many other cultures, conceptualizations of the cosmos were part and parcel of cosmogonic myths. In the course of a long-term rationalization process we find that pacing the cosmos became the king’s prerequisite and, in later times, even that of members of the elite.

Through their experiences in OC classrooms, parents become learners themselves and transform their way of thinking about how children learn and develop. The parents’ learning is an important resource for the children’s classroom learning, and it also extends the impact of the OC philosophy from classrooms to homes. Because parents and children share in learning at school, the philosophy and practices become part of many families’ home life. Before our family found the OC, I had been volunteering in my daughter’s kindergarten in her previous school—cutting, laminating, filing, and trying to stay out of the way. It didn’t take long to realize that the teacher (nice though she was) saw a clear distinction between home and school. She tolerated me, but neither of us had a clear idea how I could best help in the classroom. I wasn’t interacting with the children at all. Even when the teacher left the classroom for 15 or 20 minutes to deal with behavior problems, she didn’t ask me to take charge; the children were on their own. When a friend and I went to observe the OC, I was impressed that the co-opers and the teacher were focused and collaborative and supportive. Soon after this we joined the OC. I was motivated to help my daughter learn, like most parents in the OC, but I had a lot to learn myself about how I and other adults can help children learn. Initially, the only thing that made the OC more valuable to my family than the neighborhood school was the parental involvement—I could know what was going on in the classroom as well as being acquainted with the children and adults in my child’s life. As to other aspects of education at the OC, such as problem solving and building curriculum around children’s interests—I knew nothing about them and did not know what to expect. My children’s education has become one of the biggest educational experiences of my life. Some of my most important “lessons” were how children can solve problems and how adults can support this, how teaching can be integrated around children’s interests, and how adult flexibility supports children’s learning.