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Journal articles on the topic 'Houttuynia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Wu, Xing-Pan, Tian-Shun Wang, Zi-Xin Yuan, Yan-Fang Yang, and He-Zhen Wu. "Mechanism of Compound Houttuynia Mixture as an Anti-COVID-19 Drug Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking." Natural Product Communications 16, no. 5 (May 2021): 1934578X2110167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x211016727.

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Objective To explore the anti-COVID-19 active components and mechanism of Compound Houttuynia mixture by using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods First, the main chemical components of Compound Houttuynia mixture were obtained by using the TCMSP database and referring to relevant chemical composition literature. The components were screened for OB ≥30% and DL ≥0.18 as the threshold values. Then Swiss Target Prediction database was used to predict the target of the active components and map the targets of COVID-19 obtained through GeneCards database to obtain the gene pool of the potential target of COVID-19 resistance of the active components of Compound Houttuynia mixture. Next, DAVID database was used for GO enrichment and KEGG pathway annotation of targets function. Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct a “components-targets-pathways” network. Then String database was used to construct a “protein-protein interaction” network. Finally, the core targets, SARS-COV-2 3 Cl, ACE2 and the core active components of Compound Houttuyna Mixture were imported into the Discovery Studio 2016 Client database for molecular docking verification. Results Eighty-two active compounds, including Xylostosidine, Arctiin, ZINC12153652 and ZINC338038, were screened from Compound Houttuyniae mixture. The key targets involved 128 targets, including MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK8, MAPK14, TP53, TNF, and IL6. The HIF-1 signaling, VEGF signaling, TNF signaling and another 127 signaling pathways associated with COVID-19 were affected ( P < 0.05). From the results of molecular docking, the binding ability between the selected active components and the core targets was strong. Conclusion Through the combination of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, this study revealed that the therapeutic effect of Compound Houttuynia mixture on COVID-19 was realized through multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways, which provided a certain scientific basis of the clinical application of Compound Houttuynia mixture.

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2

Xia, Ting, Qi Dan Chen, Jian Kang Wang, Jing Zeng, and Jing Yan Guo. "The Preparation and Detection of Quality Standard about Houttuynia Spray." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.723.

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To explore of houttuyniae cordata quercetin best extraction solution and detection of quality standard about houttuynia spray. The study extracted quercetin from houttuyniae cordata using alcohol water extraction, ultrasonic extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction respectively, and then choosed the best solution to prepare sprays of houttuynia cordata. To conform the state pharmaceutical quality standards, quality standards were detected from four aspects in spray volume of each press, particle size, injection experiment and installation. The method of oultrasonic extraction was the best extraction method, and the concentrations of 70% ethanol was the most efficient extraction of quercetin.The technology of spray preparation is fast and feasible, and the method of content detection is reliable.These results showed houttuyniae cordata could develop spray and conform the state pharmaceutical quality standards.

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3

Wang, Zhen, Xiao Han, and Xiao-Yue Hong. "Three new species of Leipothrix Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) from China." Systematic and Applied Acarology 22, no. 12 (November 14, 2017): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.12.1.

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In this paper, three new species of the genus Leipothrix from China are described and illustrated: Leipothrix houttuyniae sp. nov. on Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (Saururaceae), Leipothrix rubicordis sp. nov. on Rubia cordifolia L. (Rubiaceae), Leipothrix sambucus sp. nov. on Sambucus javanica Blume (Adoxaceae). All are vagrants causing no apparent damage to their host plants. A key to species of Leipothrix in China are provided.

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4

Li, Jiao-Jiao, Guo-Dong Chen, Hong-Xia Fan, Dan Hu, Zheng-Qun Zhou, Kang-Hua Lan, Hui-Ping Zhang, Hideaki Maeda, Xin-Sheng Yao, and Hao Gao. "Houttuynoid M, an Anti-HSV Active Houttuynoid from Houttuynia cordata Featuring a Bis-houttuynin Chain Tethered to a Flavonoid Core." Journal of Natural Products 80, no. 11 (November 3, 2017): 3010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00620.

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5

HE, YU-KE, RUVISHIKA S. JAYAWARDENA, PATTANA KAKUMYAN, and YONG WANG. "Taxonomy and phylogeny of Fusarium houttuyniae and F. liriopes spp. nov. (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) from China." Phytotaxa 603, no. 3 (July 20, 2023): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.5.

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Moniliaceous hyphomycetes were collected from leaves of Houttuynia cordata and Liriope platyphylla in Guang Xi Medicinal Botanical Garden, Guangxi Province, China. Morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of the calmodulin (cmdA), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), and β-tubulin (tub2), showed that four Fusarium strains represent two novel species viz. Fusarium houttuyniae and F. liriopes spp. nov and are introduced with full descriptions, illustrations, and notes herein.

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6

Kokoška, L., and V. Rada. "Antibacterial activity of houttuynin sodium bisulphate (HSB)." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 19, No. 1 (February 7, 2013): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6572-cjfs.

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Houttuynin sodium bisulphate (HSB), a-hydroxyl-capryl-ethyl-sodium-sulphonate, is a product formed by reacting sodium bisulphate with houttuynin, which is obtained from a medicinal herb Houttuynia cordata Thunb. The antibacterial activity of HSB was measured by optical density. Minimum inhibitory concentrations at 50% and 90% inhibition level (MIC50 and MIC90) for Escherichia coli varied from 0.5 to 0.6 mg/ml and from 2.6 to 2.7 mg/ml, respectively. For Staphylococcus aureus MIC50 and MIC90 varied from 0.2 to 0.3 mg/ml and from 0.4 to 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. In comparison with MIC of antibiotics currently used for treatment of disorders caused by S. aureus or by E. coli were MICs of HSB relatively high and general antibacterial activity very weak.

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7

Wu, Yingxue, Jing Liu, Shuai Kang, Zhong Dai, and Shuangcheng Ma. "Rapid Analysis of Aristolochic Acids and Aristolactams in Houttuyniae Herba by LC–MS/MS." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 8969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248969.

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Houttuyniae herba, the Saururaceae plant Houttuynia cordata Thunb., has multiple therapeutic effects, including clearing heat, eliminating toxins, reducing swelling, discharging pus, and relieving stagnation. It has a long history as an edible and medicinal plant in China. Phytochemical studies show that the main constituents include volatile oil, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Aristolactam is a major alkaloid with a structure similar to toxic aristolochic acids. However, there has been no systematic study on aristolochic acids and alkaloids in Houttuyniae herba. Therefore, in this study, an LC–MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously detect seven alkaloids and five aristolochic acids in Houttuyniae herba from different origins. Six alkaloids (O-demethyl nornucifrine, N-nornucifrine, aristololactam AII, aristololactam FI, aristololactam BII, cepharadione B) were found and quantitatively determined in 75 batches of samples. Meanwhile, no aristolochic acids or aristololactams were found in Houttuyniae herba at a limit of detection (LOD) of ≤4 ng/mL. The method developed was fully validated in terms of LOD, limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, precision, accuracy, and stability. These data clarify the content of the above safety-related components in Houttuyniae herba and provide a reference for further research into its safety.

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8

Chen, Shao-Dan, Ting Li, Hao Gao, Qin-Chang Zhu, Chuan-Jian Lu, Hong-Ling Wu, Tao Peng, and Xin-Sheng Yao. "Anti HSV-1 Flavonoid Derivatives Tethered with Houttuynin from Houttuynia cordata." Planta Medica 79, no. 18 (November 28, 2013): 1742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1351051.

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9

Schneider, Edward L., and Sherwin Carlquist. "SEM STUDIES ON VESSEL ELEMENTS OF SAURURACEAE." IAWA Journal 22, no. 2 (2001): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000277.

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Vessel elements in Anemopsis have simple perforation plates and alternate (sometimes scalariform) lateral wall pitting; Anemopsis has tracheids with large, densely placed pits. These conditions are in contrast with tracheary element features of Gymnotheca, Houttuynia, and Saururus, in which perforation plates are scalariform (many with notably slender bars) and with scalariform lateral wall pitting. Porose pit membrane remnants, which cannot be seen with light microscopy, are newly reported in Houttuynia and Saururus. These porose pit membranes underline the primitive nature of vessels in Gymnotheca, Houttuynia, and Saururus. The highly specialized vessels of Anemopsis may relate to entry into seasonally dry habitats, whereas Gymnotheca, Houttuynia, and Saururus may have experienced unbroken occupancy of mesic habitats.

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10

Liu, Zhaolin, Ming Jin, Ying Li, Jun Liu, Xianghua Xiao, Hongsheng Bi, Zhiqiang Pan, et al. "Efficacy and Safety of Houttuynia Eye Drops Atomization Treatment for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction-Related Dry Eye Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 4022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9124022.

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Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Houttuynia eye drops (a Chinese traditional medicine) atomization treatment in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)-related dry eye disease (DED) patients. Methods: A total of 240 eligible patients diagnosed with MGD-related DED were assigned either Houttuynia eye drops or placebo for atomization once daily for four weeks in a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Primary outcome evaluations used included eye symptom score (using the Chinese Dry Eye Questionnaire), meibum quality, and tear break-up time (TBUT), while safety evaluations included adverse events (AEs), visual acuity, and intraocular pressure monitoring. Indicators were measured at baseline as well as one week, two weeks, and four weeks after treatment. Results: Primary outcome measures of the Houttuynia group were improved compared with their placebo counterparts following four-week treatment. Eye symptom scores were significantly reduced relative to the baseline in the Houttuynia group (mean ± standard error of the mean, 9.00 ± 0.61) compared with the placebo group (6.29 ± 0.55; p = 0.0018). Reduction in meibum quality score in the Houttuynia group (0.91 ± 0.10) was also significantly higher compared with the placebo group (0.57 ± 0.10; p = 0.0091), while TBUT in the treatment group (6.30 ± 0.22) was also longer than in the latter (5.60 ± 0.24; p = 0.0192). No medication-related adverse events were observed. Conclusions: Atomization treatment with Houttuynia eye drops is both clinically and statistically effective for the treatment of mild to moderate MGD-related DED patients. This approach is generally safe and was tolerated well by patients.

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Курманбаева, А. К., У. М. Датхаев, Д. К. Сатмбекова, and Б. Г. Махатова. "ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭКСТРАКТА ГУСТОГО УГЛЕКИСЛОТНОГО НА ОСНОВЕ ХАУТТЮЙНИИ СЕРДЦЕВИДНОЙ ХАМЕЛЕОН HOUTTUYNIA CORDATA THUNB)." Farmaciâ Kazahstana, no. 4 (September 19, 2023): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53511/pharmkaz.2023.52.49.029.

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Хауттюйния сердцевидная Хамелеон (Houttuynia cordata Thunb) является представителем семейства Савруровых (Saururaceae), ареалом произрастания которого в основном является страны Юго-Восточной Азии, а также встречается на территории Северной Америки [1]. На сегодняшний день на основе Хауттюйнии сердцевидной Хамелеон (Houttuynia cordata Thunb) были получены и исследованы: вытяжки, которые были экстрагированы с помощью растворителей высокой (метанол Р) и средней (спирт Р, вода Р) полярностей. Однако, по состоянию за 2013-2016 годы были получены только 2 вытяжки на основе низкополярного растворителя (диоксид углерода) с помощью сверхкритического экстрагирования. По состоянию на 2022 год не были получено и изучено технология получения экстракта на основе углекислотного докритического экстрагирования на лекарственное растительное сырье Хауттюйния сердцевидная Хамелеон (Houttuynia cordata Thunb). Целью данной статьи является описание технологии получения экстракта густого углекислотного с помощью докритического экстрагирования. В ходе исследования был получен экстракт густой углекислотный с выходом конечного продукта в 1.28%. Ключевые слова: лекарственное растительное сырье (ЛРС), Хауттюйния сердцевидная Хамелеон (Houttuynia cordata Thunb), экстракт густой углекислотный, технология докритического экстрагирования, ГХ-МС.

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12

Qi, Shuai, Lingyan Zha, Yongzheng Peng, Wei Luo, Kelin Chen, Xin Li, Danfeng Huang, and Dongmei Yin. "Quality and Metabolomics Analysis of Houttuynia cordata Based on HS-SPME/GC-MS." Molecules 27, no. 12 (June 18, 2022): 3921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123921.

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Houttuynia cordata is a medicinal and edible plant with a wide biological interest. Many parts were discarded due to various modes of consumption, resulting in resource waste. In this study, a comprehensive study was conducted on various edible indicators and medicinal components of Houttuynia cordata to understand its edible and medicinal value. The edible indexes of each root, stem, and leaf were determined, and the metabolites of different parts were investigated using the headspace solid-phase micro-extraction technique (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The differential metabolites were screened by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and clustering analysis. The results of the study showed that the parts of Houttuynia cordata with high edibility values as a vegetable were mainly the roots and leaves, with the highest vitamin C content in the roots and the highest total flavonoids, soluble sugars, and total protein in the leaves. The nutrient content of all the stems of Houttuynia cordata was lower and significantly different from the roots and leaves (p < 0.05). In addition, 209 metabolites were isolated from Houttuynia cordata, 135 in the roots, 146 in the stems, 158 in the leaves, and 91 shared metabolites. The clustering analysis and OPLS-DA found that the parts of Houttuynia cordata can be mainly divided into above-ground parts (leaves and stems) and underground parts (roots). When comparing the differential metabolites between the above-ground parts and underground parts, it was found that the most important medicinal component of Houttuynia cordata, 2-undecanone, was mainly concentrated in the underground parts. The cluster analysis resulted in 28 metabolites with up-regulation and 17 metabolites with down-regulation in the underground parts. Most of the main components of the underground part have pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and antiviral, which are more suitable for drug development. Furthermore, the above-ground part has more spice components and good antioxidant capacity, which is suitable for the extraction of edible flavors. Therefore, by comparing and analyzing the differences between the edible and medicinal uses of different parts of Houttuynia cordata as a medicinal and food plant, good insights can be obtained into food development, pharmaceutical applications, agricultural development, and the hygiene and cosmetic industries. This paper provides a scientific basis for quality control and clinical use.

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Careen Liza Pakyntein, Donkupar Syiem, Daiahun Thabah, and Shelareen Ediemi Sunn. "Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic activity of aqueous and methanolic extract of Houttuynia cordata: an in vitro and in vivo study." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.16.3.0268.

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Available synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyl anisole, butylated hydroxyl toluene, propyl gallate, and ascorbic acid exhibit several side effects. To curb these side effects, more effective, less toxic, and cost-effective drugs are required. Therefore, this study aims to screen and evaluate the antioxidant as well as the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of Houttuynia cordata collected from Mairang village, West Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India using several standard methods. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of H. cordata were evaluated by screening their ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrozyl, 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. Total phenol and flavonoid content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteau and by AlCl3 colorimetric method respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of the plant was determined using the protein denaturation method. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of Houttuynia cordata exhibit varying free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity. Among the extracts used in the study, the methanolic extract of Houttuynia cordata elicited a higher activity than the aqueous extract. Houttuynia cordata also elicited a marked reduction in blood glucose level of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Flavonoids, which have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibition, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiallergy, and antioxidant properties may contribute towards the free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata.

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Lai, Gui-Hua, Fei Wang, Duo-Rui Nie, Shu-Jun Lei, Zhuo-Jun Wu, and Jian-Xiong Cao. "Identifying Active Substances and the Pharmacological Mechanism of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. in Treating Radiation-Induced Lung Injury Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Verification." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (March 22, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3776340.

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Background. Houttuynia cordata Thunb. is a traditional Chinese herb widely used mainly because of the pharmacological effects related to heat clearance and detoxification. Emerging clinical evidence indicates that the efficacy of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. on RILI is upstanding. Nevertheless, its underlying therapeutic mechanism remains unclear and warrants further elucidation. Methods. The major active components and corresponding targets of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. were retrieved from the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database (TCMSP) and literature review. The related targets of RILI were retrieved from the GeneCards database. Common targets among the active compounds and diseases were identified through Venn diagram analysis. Cytoscape was employed to construct and visualize the network relationship among the drug, active compounds, targets, and disease. The protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed by STRING. The reliability (the binding affinity) of the core targets and active compounds was verified by molecular docking. Results. A search of the TCMSP database and related literature revealed 12 active compounds of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. against RILI. The core active compounds included quercetin, kaempferol, hyperoside, and rutin. Hub nodes including TP53, VEGFA, JUN, TNF, and IL-6 were identified in the PPI network. The GO categories were classified into three functional categories: 112 biological processes, 9 molecular functions, and 32 cellular components of the active compounds of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated the enrichment of target genes in several key cancer-related signaling pathways, including the cancer pathways, TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. Molecular docking analysis validated the effective binding capacity of the main active compounds with the core targets. Conclusion. The main active components of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. have a potential pharmacological effect against RILI via the cancer pathways, TNF signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

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Sharma, Hari Devi, Janardan Lamichhane, Smriti Gurung, and Balkumari Oliya. "Ethnobotanical and Phytochemical Study of Houttuynia cordata Thunb: A Review." BMC Journal of Scientific Research 6, no. 1 (December 22, 2023): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v6i1.60954.

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Houttuynia cordata Thunb. is a medicinal herb belonging to a family Saururaceae distributed in East Asian Country. It has long been used as edible vegetable and traditional medicine in China, Korea, Japan and Vietnam. Many studies describe Houttuynia cordata as predominant in bioactive compounds such as volatile oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenols, steroid and polysaccharides. H. cordata has varieties of pharmacological properties including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral antioxidative, anticancer and antimutagenic effects. This review aimed to collect the comprehensive information on efficacy of Houttuynia cordata with its ethnobotanical value and also provide knowledge into disease prevention and treatment. This study summarizes detailed information about ethnomedicinal value of H. cordata from searching the keywords “Uses of Houttuynia” in Google Scholor, Pubmed, Science direct and screened out articles related to ethnobotanical value. The review concluded that H. cordata has significant potential for use in pharmaceuticals and functional foods, given its numerous health benefits and low toxicity. This study suggests that, it is necessary to identify actual bioactive metabolites and understand pattern of traditional use of the plant in different location of Nepal.

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Tassa, Bikram Dutta, Navajit Sahu, and Pradumna Pathak. "A Study of the Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Leaves of Houttuynia cordata Thunb . (EELHC) in Albino Rats." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 23, no. 1 (May 15, 2023): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v22.1.23.2.

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The present study was designed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of leaves of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. The ethanolic extract was obtained by percolation method and acute oral toxicity tests were performed according to OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. Hyperlipidaemia was induced by feeding the rats with a high-fat diet consisting of coconut oil and vanaspati ghee, in a ratio of 2:3 v/v at a dose of 10 ml/Kg body weight. The extract was given at a dose of 500mg/kg body weight. Lipid profile, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) were measured using standard methods. The extract showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and MDA in the blood. On the other hand, HDL, CAT, and SOD increased significantly. The study demonstrates that the ethanolic extract of leaves of Houttuynia cordata Thunb., decreases blood lipid levels and lipid peroxidation. Keywords: Antihyperlipidemic, Antioxidant, Houttuynia cordata Thunb, EELHC

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Qian, Dong, Yu Longmei, Wang Shouwei, and Lin Shengxun. "Houttuynia Drip Improves Clinical Outcome in Elderly Patients with Refractory Pneumonia on Routine Treatment and Nursing Care." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 22, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.22:386-391.

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We have analyzed the effect of Houttuynia administration on the distribution of the types of bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of elderly patients with refractory pneumonia. To this end, patients with refractory pneumonia were divided into two groups: the control group receiving conventional treatment and the experimental group receiving Houttuynia along with conventional treatment. There were no pathogenic bacteria detected in 56/104 patients, with 48/104 patients showing the presence of Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pneumoniae was sensitive to ertapenem, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin; Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to vancomycin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin; and Klebsiella pneumoniae was sensitive to ofloxacin and levofloxacin. Gram-negative bacteria sensitive to antibiotics such as ofloxacin and levofloxacin were the main pathogens in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of refractory pneumonia patients. There was a significant (<0.05) increase in clinical efficacy of the conventional treatment from 76.9% to 92.3% following Houttuynia administration.

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Ahn, J., and J. Kim. "Chemical constituents from Houttuynia cordata." Planta Medica 81, S 01 (December 14, 2016): S1—S381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1596439.

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Pan, Xue, Haiying Li, Dingfang Chen, Jinjin Zheng, Longhua Yin, Juan Zou, Yalun Zhang, et al. "Comparison of Essential Oils of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. from Different Processing Methods and Harvest Seasons Based on GC-MS and Chemometric Analysis." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2021 (July 16, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8324169.

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Houttuyniae Herba (HH) refers to the dried aerial part of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (DHC) or the fresh whole grass of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (FHC), where DHC are harvested in summer and FHC around the year. However, harvest seasons and processing methods (i.e., medicinal parts and drying process) might affect the quality of HH. To compare the essential oils (EOs) of DHC and FHC and their two harvest seasons, GC-MS analysis combined with chemometric analysis was applied. The results showed that the oil yield of FHC (0.076 ± 0.030%) was higher than that of DHC (0.038 ± 0.029%), and oil yield was higher in summer than in autumn (0.044 ± 0.029% for DHC1, 0.036 ± 0.028% for DHC2, 0.084 ± 0.026% for FHC1, and 0.067 ± 0.033% for FHC2, respectively). Moreover, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) successfully distinguished the chemical constituents of DHC and FHC oils. Additionally, according to orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), eleven components were selected as chemical markers for discriminating DHC and FHC, and two and four chemical markers for discriminating two harvest seasons of DHC and FHC, respectively. Among these markers, the average contents of α-pinene, limonene, β-phellandrene, α-terpineol, 4-tridecanone, and ethyl decanoate were higher in FHC oils. In contrast, the average contents of nonanal, 1-nonanol, β-cyclocitral, n-hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanol were higher in DHC oils. Additionally, the contents of 4-tridecanone and ethyl decanoate were both higher in DHC1 oils than in DHC2 oils. Moreover, the contents of β-myrcene and β-phellandrene were higher in FHC1 oils, while the contents of 2,6-octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, acetate, and (z)-phytol were higher in FHC2 oils. For these reasons, this study provides a scientific basis for quality control and clinical medication.

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Li, Wenbiao, Fei Yang, Hailun Zhan, Bolong Liu, Jiarong Cai, Yun Luo, and Xiangfu Zhou. "Houttuynia cordata Extract Ameliorates Bladder Damage and Improves Bladder Symptoms via Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Rats with Interstitial Cystitis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (October 9, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9026901.

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The mechanism of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) remains unclear to date, but reports showed that bladder inflammation and increasing number of activating mast cells in bladder tissues were common in patients with IC/BPS. Houttuynia cordata is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine, and its function of anti-inflammation has been proved. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and possible mechanisms of the Houttuynia cordata (HC) extract in the treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). In the current study, a total of 30 adult female rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham group (n = 10), cyclophosphamide + saline (CYP + NS) group (n = 10), and cyclophosphamide + Houttuynia cordata extract (CYP + HC) group (n = 10). The animal model of IC/BPS was induced with cyclophosphamide (75 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, once every 3 days for 10 days) in the CYP + NS group and CYP + HC group, and sham rats received a volume-matched injection of saline. After anesthesia with urethane (0.8 g/kg, intraperitoneal injection), intravesical administration of either saline (1 ml) or Houttuynia cordata extract (1 ml, 2 g/ml) was continued once per day for a week in the CYP + NS group and CYP + HC group, respectively. Subsequently, urinary frequency, nociceptive behaviors, cystometry, bladder weight, histological changes, and cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) concentration were evaluated and compared among the three groups. Variables including inflammatory grade, mast cell number, proportion of activated mast cells, bladder weight, cytokine concentration of bladder homogenates, and frequency of urination significantly increased in the CYP + NS group compared with the sham group (P<0.01) and CYP + HC group (P<0.01). Besides, compared with the CYP + NS group, longer intercontraction interval, bigger bladder capacity, higher nociceptive threshold, fewer number of mast cells, and lower proportion of activated mast cells were found in the CYP + HC group (P<0.01). Our study demonstrated that the Houttuynia cordata extract can effectively inhibit mast cell proliferation and activation and downregulate proinflammatory cytokine in a rat model of IC/BPS induced with cyclophosphamide and might be potentially valuable for the treatment of IC/BPS.

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Yang, Linsong, Weiwei Ji, Hui Zhong, Luyao Wang, Xiaolin Zhu, and Jie Zhu. "Anti-tumor effect of volatile oil from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. on HepG2 cells and HepG2 tumor-bearing mice." RSC Advances 9, no. 54 (2019): 31517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra06024c.

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Kong, Peifu, Junichi Peter Abe, Akiko Nakagawa-izumi, Mikio Kajiyama, and Toshiharu Enomae. "Preparation of an eco-friendly antibacterial agent for food packaging containing Houttuynia cordata Thunb. extract." RSC Advances 12, no. 25 (2022): 16141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra02178a.

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Tran-Cong, Nam Michael, Attila Mándi, Tibor Kurtán, Werner E. G. Müller, Rainer Kalscheuer, Wenhan Lin, Zhen Liu, and Peter Proksch. "Induction of cryptic metabolites of the endophytic fungus Trichocladium sp. through OSMAC and co-cultivation." RSC Advances 9, no. 47 (2019): 27279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra05469c.

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Курманбаева, А. К., У. М. Датхаев, Д. К. Сатмбекова, and А. Кабылкак. "CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OF HOUTTUYNIA CORDATA THUNB AND THEIR SPECIFIC PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES." Farmaciâ Kazahstana, no. 2 (June 14, 2022): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53511/pharmkaz.2022.98.37.023.

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На сегодняшний день исследование фитопрепаратов является одной из актуальных тем, потому как,, растительные препараты менее токсичны, лояльны по ценовой категории и временами эффективнее по сравнению с синтетическими лекарственными средствами. Эта статья посвящена литературному обзору по лекарственному растительному сырью Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Данное лекарственное растительное сырье применятся в народной медицине продолжительно время и научно доказаны его специфические фармакологические активности против инфекций и вирусов. Today, research into herbal medicines is one of pressing issues, because herbal medicines are less toxic, more costly and even more effective than synthetic medicines. This review focuses on a literature review of medicinal plant material that bears the name Houttuynia cordata Thunb, which has scientifically proven pharmaceutical activity against infections and viruses.

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Yu, Xuan, Yuan Gao, Ying Xu, Xian Guo, Lan Guo, Ting Tan, Fan Liu, and Yiqun Wan. "Study of the Contents of Analogues of Aristolochic Acid in Houttuynia cordata by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 23, 2022): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030302.

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In this study, a new and simple method was established for the simultaneous determination of analogues of aristolochic acids (aristolochic acid I, aristolochic acid II, aristolactam I and aristolactam AII) in Houttuynia cordata by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–Q/TOF-MS). The samples were ultrasonically extracted with methanol, purified with HC-C18, and then separated on a C18 column (75 × 2.1 mm, 2.0 μm) at 35 °C. Under the optimized conditions, aristolochic acid I (AA-I), aristolochic acid II (AA-II), aristolactam I (AL-I) and aristolactam AII (AL-AII) all showed good linear regression (not less than 0.9987). The average recoveries of the four analytes were within the range of 72.3–105.5%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) being ≤7.6%. The proposed method was then applied to the determination of Houttuynia cordata samples collected from different regions in China. The results showed that none of the three carcinogenic substances (aristolochic acid I, aristolochic acid II and aristolactam I) were detected in any of the 22 samples collected from 22 different regions of China, while aristolactam AII, which has not been reported to have genotoxicity, was detected in all samples. This study provides a valuable reference for the further safety assessment of Houttuynia cordata.

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Bauer, R., A. Pröbstle, H. Lotter, W. Wagner-Redecker, and U. Matthiesen. "Cyclooxygenase inhibitory constituents from Houttuynia cordata." Phytomedicine 2, no. 4 (March 1996): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0944-7113(96)80073-0.

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Fotev, Y. V., T. A. Kukushkina, O. V. Chankina, and V. P. Belousova. "HOUTTUYNIA (HOUTTUYNIA CORDATA THUNB.) – NEW VEGETABLE AND MEDICINAL CROP FOR RUSSIA (MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION)." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 5 (February 5, 2018): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2017-5-57-61.

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Inahashi, Yuki, Atsuko Matsumoto, Satoshi Ōmura, and Yōko Takahashi. "Phytohabitans flavus sp. nov., Phytohabitans rumicis sp. nov. and Phytohabitans houttuyneae sp. nov., isolated from plant roots, and emended description of the genus Phytohabitans." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_11 (November 1, 2012): 2717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.037747-0.

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An actinomycete strain, designated K09-0627T, was isolated from the roots of an orchid collected in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Two actinomycete strains K11-0047T and K11-0057T were isolated from the roots of Rumex acetosa and Houttuynia cordata collected in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicated that the isolates belonged to the genus Phytohabitans, and that they were closely related to each other and to Phytohabitans suffuscus K07-0523T. The DNA–DNA relatedness values between the three isolates and Phytohabitans suffuscus were below 70 %. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA relatedness values and phenotypic characteristics, the strains should be classified as novel species in the genus Phytohabitans , for which the names Phytohabitans flavus sp. nov. (type strain, K09-0627T = JCM 17387T = NBRC 107702T = DSM 45551T), Phytohabitans rumicis sp. nov. (type strain, K11-0047T = JCM 17829T = NBRC 108638T = BCC 48146T) and Phytohabitans houttuyneae sp. nov. (type strain, K11-0057T = JCM 17830T = NBRC 108639T = BCC 48147T) are proposed.

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Carlquist, Sherwin, Karen Dauer, and Stefanie Y. Nishimura. "Wood and Stem Anatomy of Saururaceae with Reference to Ecology, Phylogeny, and Origin of the Monocotyledons." IAWA Journal 16, no. 2 (1995): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001400.

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Stern and rhizome anatomy is reported for Anemopsis californica Hook., Houttuynia cordata Thunb., and Saururus cernuus L. Secondary growth is reported for the first time in Saururaceae. Cambia function indefinitely in Anemopsis in both fascicular and interfascicular areas. Interfascicular cambium is minimal in Saururus and absent in Houttuynia; fascicular cambium is present in both genera and produces a finite quantity of vessels, fiber-tracheids, and axial parenchyma but no rays. Anemopsis has vessels with simple perforation plates plus tracheids in wood, suggestive of adaptation to fluctuating water availability. The scalariform perforation plates of Houttuynia and Saururus suggest an unbroken history of occupancy of mesic habitats. Ethereal oil cells are reported for rays of Anemopsis, and for pith and cortex of the three genera studied. Stern idioblasts and other histologieal details are ineluded along with wood data in anatomical deseriptions of sterns. DNA data as weIl as maeromorphologie al data implicate Saururaeeae, along with Aristolochiaceae, Lactoridaceae, and Piperaceae as paleoherbs elose to the origin of monoeotyledons. Key wood features that unite these families are cited. Chloranthaeeae, whieh share stern endodermis and sealariform perforation plates with Saururaeeae, are also considered elose. Features of Saururaceae that are analyzed with respeet to monoeotyledon origin inelude loss of interfaseieular cambium, minimization of faseieular cambium, lack of imperforate traeheary elements in monocotyledon bundles, trimery, the sympodial habit, and production of adventitious roots.

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Song, Zixin, Jiaxuan Fang, Dongdong Wang, Yuncai Tian, Yuhua Xu, Ziwen Wang, Jiman Geng, Changtao Wang, and Meng Li. "Inhibition of LPS-Induced Skin Inflammatory Response and Barrier Damage via MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Houttuynia cordata Thunb Fermentation Broth." Foods 13, no. 10 (May 10, 2024): 1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13101470.

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Houttuynia cordata Thunb is rich in active substances and has excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Scanning electron microscopy and gel permeation chromatography were used to analyze the molecular characteristics of the fermentation broth of Houttuynia cordata Thunb obtained through fermentation with Clavispora lusitaniae (HCT-f). The molecular weight of HCT-f was 2.64265 × 105 Da, and the polydispersity coefficient was 183.10, which were higher than that of unfermented broth of Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HCT). By investigating the active substance content and in vitro antioxidant activity of HCT-f and HCT, the results indicated that HCT-f had a higher active substance content and exhibited a superior scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals and hydroxyl radicals, with IC50 values of 11.85% and 9.01%, respectively. Our results showed that HCT-f could effectively alleviate the increase in the secretion of inflammatory factors and apoptotic factors caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and had a certain effect on repairing skin barrier damage. HCT-f could exert an anti-inflammatory effect by down-regulating signaling in the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. The results of erythrocyte hemolysis and chicken embryo experiments showed that HCT-f had a high safety profile. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis for the application of HCT-f as an effective ingredient in food and cosmetics.

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Kwon, Ryun-Hee, and Bae-Jin Ha. "Increased Flavonoid Compounds from Fermented Houttuynia cordata using Isolated Six of Bacillus from Traditionally Fermented Houttuynia cordata." Toxicological Research 28, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5487/tr.2012.28.2.117.

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Li, Ting, Libao Liu, Hongling Wu, Shaodan Chen, Qinchang Zhu, Hao Gao, Xiongtao Yu, et al. "Anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 activity of Houttuynoid A, a flavonoid from Houttuynia cordata Thunb." Antiviral Research 144 (August 2017): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.06.010.

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Nhut, Le Minh, and Bui Duc Sang. "A Study on Effects of Temperature and Velocity of Drying Air on Flavonoids Extraction Rate of Houttuynia Cordata Thunb." Key Engineering Materials 923 (June 28, 2022): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-f35at4.

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The main aim of this paper is to present experimental results concerning the effects of the temperature and velocity of drying air on the flavonoids extraction rate of houttuynia cordata thunb by heat pump dryer under real weather conditions at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Drying experiments were carried out at the drying air temperature of 35, 40, 45 and 50 °C, and drying air velocity of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 m/s, respectively. The experimental results showed that the highest amount of flavonoid extraction rate of the houttuynia cordata thunb was 87.525 mg/g corresponding to the drying air temperature of 45 °C and drying air velocity of 2.0 m/s. The aim also involves analyzing the effects of the drying temperature and drying velocity on the drying time, moisture content, and the specific moisture extraction rate (SMER).

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Jiang, Shao Juan. "Comparison on Antimicrobial Activity of Different Solvent Extracts from Aerial Stem and Rhizome of Douttuynia cordata." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.44.

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The 95% of ethanol crude extract of aerial stem and rhizome of houttuynia cordata was sequentially extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol and water. Antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the different extracts against Staphylococlus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomycetes were examined with filter paper method. And antimicrobial activity between aerial stem and rhizome was compared. The result showed that, among the extracts of aerial stem and rhizome of houttuynia cordata, with regard to antimicrobial activity, water extract was strongest against Staphylococlus aureus, and ethyl acetate extract was strongest against Escherichia coli, and n-butyl alcohol extract was strongest against Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomycetes, while each extract had no significant antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of rhizome was stronger than that of the aerial stem.

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Tang, Jianghong, Yaheng Zhang, Yuhai Liu, Dan Liu, Hengfei Qin, and Ning Lian. "Carbon quantum dots as a fluorophore for “inner filter effect” detection of metronidazole in pharmaceutical preparations." RSC Advances 9, no. 65 (2019): 38174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra08477k.

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CDs were prepared using Houttuynia cordata via hydrothermal process, the absorption band of MNZ can well overlap the excitation bands of CDs, a simple, rapid approach for detection of MNZ was established on the basis of IFE.

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QU, Wei, Jing-Yu LIANG, and Meng-Ran LI. "Chemical Constituents from Houttuynia cordata." Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 7, no. 6 (January 11, 2010): 425–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1009.2009.00425.

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Lu, H. M., Y. Z. Liang, L. Z. Yi, and X. J. Wu. "Anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata injection." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 104, no. 1-2 (March 2006): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.012.

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Zheng, L., R. Lv, Q. Li, J. Huang, Y. Wang, and T. Hsiang. "First Report of Leaf Spot of Houttuynia cordata Caused by Alternaria alternata in China." Plant Disease 95, no. 3 (March 2011): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-10-0724.

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Houttuynia cordata is a perennial herbaceous plant (family Saururaceae) that is native to southern China, Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia where it grows well in moist to wet soils. It is commonly used as a Chinese herbal medicine and as a vegetable. In North America and Europe it is also used as an ornamental. From September 2007 to November 2009, symptoms of leaf spot were found on H. cordata leaves in Dangyang County, Hubei, China, with the crop area affected estimated to be over 600 ha per year. Rhizome yield was reduced by 20% on average, with up to 70% yield losses in some fields during the autumn growing season. Lesions were initially small, brown, and oval or circular that developed into dark spots and sometimes formed target spots with white centers. These spots enlarged and overlapped, extending until the leaves withered entirely usually within 2 months. A fungus was consistently recovered from symptomatic leaf samples collected in October 2008 or 2009 with an average 90% isolation rate from ~60 leaf pieces that were surface sterilized with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution. Three isolates, HCDY-2, HCDY-3, and HCDY-4, were used to further evaluate characteristics of the pathogen. On potato dextrose agar, all cultures initially developed white colonies and the centers turned gray or brown after 4 days of incubation. Conidiophores were single or fasciculate, straight or knee curved, gray-brown with regular septa, and 42 to 61 × 4 to 5 μm. Conidia were obclavate or ovate, brown, and 26 to 38 × 12 to 20 μm with three to five transverse and one to three longitudinal or oblique septa. The tops of some conidia developed into secondary conidiophores, which were cylindrical, beige, and 5 to 17 × 3 to 5 μm. The pathogen was identified as Alternaria alternata based on descriptions in Simmons (3). Genomic DNA of HCDY-2 was extracted, and the rDNA-internal transcribed spacer sequence showed 99.6% identity to A. alternata (GenBank No. AY513941). Pathogenicity tests were performed with the three isolates by spraying conidial suspensions (1 × 106 conidia/ml) containing 0.1% Tween 20 onto upper and lower surfaces of leaves of 40-day-old 15-cm high plants. There were 20 leaves from five replicate plants for each isolate. Control plants were treated with sterilized water containing 0.1% Tween 20 only. All plants were incubated with a 16-h photoperiod at 25°C and 90% relative humidity in an artificial climate chamber. Five days after inoculation, typical brown spots were observed on all inoculated leaves but no symptoms were seen on water-treated control plants. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by reisolation of A. alternata from diseased leaves. The pathogenicity tests were carried out twice. A survey of the literature revealed only a few fungal diseases associated with H. cordata (1,2,4), including Phyllosticta houttuyniae, Pseudocercospora houttuyniae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium rolfsii. Although A. alternata is a cosmopolitan plant pathogen, it has not been reported on any species in the four genera in Saururaceae (Anemopsis, Gymnotheca, Houttuynia, and Saururus) (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata infecting H. cordata worldwide. References: (1) Y. L. Guo and W. X. Zhao. Acta Mycol. Sin. 8:118, 1989. (2) K. Sawada. Spec. Publ. Taiwan Univ. 8:138, 1959. (3) E. G. Simmons. Alternaria: An Identification Manual. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2007. (4) Y. Wu et al. J. Changjiang Vegetables (In Chinese) 2:19, 2007.

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Choi, In Hag. "Duck Litter Characteristics from Ducks fed Houttuynia cordata." Journal of Environmental Science International 26, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jesi.2017.26.2.265.

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Jiang, Xue-Liang, Qi-Zhen Quan, Zi-Qin Sun, Yao-Jun Wang, Rui-Lian Shang, and Feng Qi. "Clinical efficacy of heartleaf houttuynia on ulcerative colitis." World Chinese Journal of Digestology 11, no. 8 (August 15, 2003): 1207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v11.i8.1207.

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Wang, Li, Xiaohua Cui, Lan Cheng, Qiang Yuan, Tingqian Li, Youping Li, Shaoling Deng, Hongcai Shang, and Zhaoxiang Bian. "Adverse events to Houttuynia injection: A systematic review." Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 3, no. 3 (August 2010): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-5391.2010.01091.x.

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Lau, Kit-Man, Kin-Ming Lee, Chi-Man Koon, Crystal Sao-Fong Cheung, Ching-Po Lau, Hei-Ming Ho, Mavis Yuk-Ha Lee, et al. "Immunomodulatory and anti-SARS activities of Houttuynia cordata." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 118, no. 1 (June 2008): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.03.018.

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43

Chou, Shu-Chen, Chung-Ren Su, Yuh-Chi Ku, and Tian-Shung Wu. "The Constituents and Their Bioactivities of Houttuynia cordata." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 57, no. 11 (2009): 1227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.57.1227.

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44

Kim, Yong-Min, Hae-Jin Jeong, Hun-Sik Chung, Jong-Hwan Seong, Han-Soo Kim, Dong-Seob Kim, and Young-Guen Lee. "Anti-oxidative Activity of the Extracts from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria." Journal of Life Science 26, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2016.26.4.468.

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45

Boonchaisri, Siriwat, Chutima Mokoed, Phanumat Phuangchaona, and Ekawit Treenate. "Metabolomic and Growth Responses of Houttyunia cordata to Varying Light Intensities and Subsequent Effects on Fermented Products." Trends in Sciences 21, no. 3 (January 30, 2024): 7373. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7373.

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Suitable light intensities were studied to enable sustainable and efficient cultivation of Houttuynia cordata with a high yield of bioactive compounds which later can be a good quality material for fermentation. To achieve this goal, the evaluation of physiological adaptation and elucidation of the metabolic alterations of Houttuynia cordata in response to different light intensities were conducted. Four-month-old H. cordata was exposed to 3 different light intensities: high light, control, and low light (100, 50 and 20 % natural irradiances, respectively). Physiological responses were measured using leaf gas exchange. The same leaf samples were either methanolic extracted for LC-QTOF-MS analysis to generate metabolite fingerprints or fermented for 3 months prior to quercetin quantification. High light treatment had the greatest effects on both the physiology and metabolisms of H. cordata compared to control and low light treatments. Compared to the control, the key results observed in high-light-grown H. cordata were a significant increase in photosynthesis, a decrease in relative chlorophyll contents, the enrichment of the top 3 metabolic pathways (phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism and fatty acid degradation) and increasing quercetin concentrations in both fresh and fermented leaves. Metabolite fingerprints of high light-grown H. cordata were distinctively different from those of the other 2 treatments according to PCA and hierarchical clustering analysis. In conclusion, H. cordata responded to high light intensity by enriching the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway to elevate sunscreen pigments. Additional acetyl-CoA generated from pyruvate metabolism and fatty acid degradation was a key supporting factor in the above response. As high quercetin concentration was observed in both fresh and fermented leaves, this will lead to quality improvement of the fermented products. HIGHLIGHTS The remarkable effects of light intensities on Houttuynia cordata growth and abundance of bioactive compounds are substantial, but the underlying mechanism has never been investigated. Metabolomics technology was applied to gain insight into light-induced metabolic reconfiguration. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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陈, 继超. "Infrared Spectrum Analysis of Different Parts of Houttuynia cordata." Advances in Analytical Chemistry 09, no. 02 (2019): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/aac.2019.92016.

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47

Zhang, Ying, Shu-fen Li, and Xi-wen Wu. "Pressurized liquid extraction of flavonoids from Houttuynia cordata Thunb." Separation and Purification Technology 58, no. 3 (January 2008): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.04.010.

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Ma, Qinge, Yingchen Guo, Wenmin Liu, Zhiqiang Wang, Wutao Mao, Xu Zhang, Lintao Yu, Qichao Yang, and Rongrui Wei. "Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Houttuynia cordata and Their Hepatoprotective Activities." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 52, no. 4 (June 22, 2016): 761–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-016-1768-3.

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Li, Dong, Jin-Ping Liu, Xue Han, Yue-Fei Wang, Chun-Hua Wang, Zheng Li, and Guo-Cai Wang. "Chemical Constituents of the Whole Plants of Houttuynia cordata." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 53, no. 2 (March 2017): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-017-1991-6.

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50

Takahashi, Masamichi. "Microsporogenesis in a Parthenogenetic Species, Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (Saururaceae)." Botanical Gazette 147, no. 1 (March 1986): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/337567.

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