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Musvoto, Elizabeth Mirika. "The planning system, property markets and the development of affordable housing: case studies from Cape Town." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31703.
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The study investigates the underlying causal mechanisms behind the outcomes in the affordable housing market in South Africa. The rationale for this study is the persistence of unfavourable outcomes in terms of location, density, integration and affordability of affordable housing developments. The post-apartheid government adopted housing policies, supporting planning policies and directed financial investment towards the development of integrated affordable housing at appropriate locations and densities. However, more than 20 years after democracy, there is no evidence that affordable housing is integrated and being developed at higher densities and appropriate locations, despite the principles of densification, integration and the creative use of town planning tools bestowed in the housing policies. This study, using structure and agency theory, investigates how structural variables (planning system and policy framework, resources for housing development and ideological perspectives) influenced the agency of role players in producing the current outcomes in the affordable housing market. The study investigated two interrelated questions. Firstly, how have the ideals of planning incentives, densification and integration reflected in the housing policies influenced the post-apartheid planning systems? Secondly, how do the planning system and other structural variables impact on the property and housing market and how does this, in turn, produce the current outcomes regarding the location, density, integration and affordability of affordable housing. Corresponding to these questions were two hypotheses. The first was that the principles of planning incentives, densification and integration espoused in housing policy have not been sufficiently reflected in the planning system, leading to failure in stimulating the private sector to supply affordable housing. The second hypothesis was that the planning system fails to counteract the tendencies of private developers to locate housing at inappropriate densities and locations. Using the conceptual framework designed from structure-agency theory, this study adopted a comparative case study method to investigate how the interactions of role players with the structural variables led to the outcomes in terms of location, density, integration and affordability of five affordable housing developments in the City of Cape Town metropolitan area. The case studies of affordable housing developments were categorised in terms of the type of developers, tenure options and land ownership. The empirical data were collected using household surveys and semi-structured interviews. A household survey of 395 beneficiaries was conducted in the affordable housing developments. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with developers and planning consultants in the private sector, state policy makers and policy-implementers at the City of Cape Town and the provincial Department of Human Settlements, housing activists and housing policy specialists. The study finds that while the principles in housing policies are reflected in the planning system, there is no clear indication on the meaning and expected outcomes, leading to a disjuncture in policy intent, implementation, and failure to stimulate the private sector to supply affordable housing. Furthermore, the study finds that the planning system has lagged behind in providing adequate legislative and planning tools to support the development of affordable housing. The study finds that the planning system and policy framework has constrained the development of affordable housing and failed to successfully curb the tendencies of developers to develop at inappropriate locations and densities. The study finds that while the structural variables such as the resources for housing development and planning system and policy framework impacted on the location, density, integration and affordability of affordable housing; the ideological perspectives of role players have impacted on the roles and distribution of resources towards the development of affordable housing. The study concludes that while the housing policy has been progressive, it is not sufficient to address the challenges in the affordable housing market. It is recommended that policy interventions targeted at enhancing the location, density, integration and affordability be implemented through the three areas that constitute the structural environment, namely the planning and policy framework, resources for housing development, and ideological perspectives of role players in order to impact on the agency of role players to create an environment conducive to the development of integrated affordable housing at higher densities and appropriate locations.
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Theart, Petrus Johannes. "Development of a multi-criteria assessment tool to choose between housing systems for the low cost housing market." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95844.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is well known that South Africa has a major housing backlog and that the population is growing every year. Consequently, more people are left homeless, without the finances to acquire a minimum standard house. The official backlog in 2012 was defined as 2.1 million units, of which 1.1 million households lived in informal settlements in South Africa. The purpose of this study is to develop a multi-criteria assessment tool that will help a developer to choose between housing systems that can be used in low cost housing developments. Essentially, the tool will aid a developer to allocate funding more appropriately and effectively to develop sustainable communities. The research followed a procedure of identifying challenges experienced in the low cost housing industry, identifying the important factors to consider when assessing low cost housing systems and finally selecting a multi-criteria decision-making model to select a system. The important factors that need to be considered for this study were gathered from literature and industry experience through using the interviewing technique for data collection. The factors identified will be assessed using the multi-criteria decision-making model, called the Evidential Reasoning Approach. This study focuses on housing systems as a whole. Specific attention is given to walling systems, but not to other elements such as the foundations and roofs. The primary factors identified are cost, time, quality, environmental performance, density, alteration capability, resource availability and additional features. These factors were then used to develop a userfriendly assessment tool for choosing between housing systems for the low cost housing market. In conclusion this assessment tool will be available to public and private role players who intend to develop a low cost housing settlement. However, this assessment tool has some imperfections. These are discussed at the end of this study and show how they influence this model.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is algemeen bekend dat Suid-Afrika „n groot behuisings agterstand het en dat die bevolking jaarlikse groei. Die amptelike behuisings agterstand in 2012 was gedefinieer as 2.1 miljoen eenhede, waarvan meer as 1.1 miljoen van hierdie huishoudings in informele nedersettings in Suid-Afrika geleë is. Die doel van hierdie studie is dus om „n mulit-kriteria assesserings instrument te ontwikkel wat „n ontwikkelaar sal help om tussen behuisings sisteme te kies, wat vir lae koste behuising ontwikkelings gebruik kan word. Gevolglik , sal hierdie instrument „n ontwikkelaar help om befondsing meer toepaslik toe te ken en om doeltreffende en volhoubare gemeenskappe te ontwikkel. Die navorsings prosedure het begin deur uidagings in die lae koste behuising bedryf te identifiseer, asook die belangrike faktore wat oorweeg moet word as behuisings stelsels beoordeel moet word. „n Multi-kriteria besluitnemings model is gekies wat toepaslik is op hierdie studie. Die belangrike faktore wat in ag geneem moet word, is geïdentifiseer deur literatuur, en industrie ondervinding, deur gebruik te maak van onderhoude om data in te samel. Die kriteria wat geïdentifiseer is sal beoordeel word met behulp van die multi-kriteria besluitnemings model, naamlik Evidential Reasoning Approach. Die kriteria wat gebuik is in hierdie studie het gefokus op die behuisings stelsel as ʼn geheel. Alhoewel spesifieke aandag gegee is aan die mure van die stelsels was ander elemente, soos die dakke en fondamente nie bespreek nie. Die primêre faktore wat geïdentifiseer is, is koste, tyd, kwaliteit, omgewings werkverrigting, digtheid, aanbouings vermoë, beskikbaarheid van hulpbronne en bykomende funksies. Hierdie faktore word gebruik om „n keuse te maak tussen behuisings stelsels vir die gebruik vin die lae koste behuising mark. Die faktore word voorgestel as „n gebruikers vriendelike assesserings instrument. Ten slotte behoort hierdie assesserings intrument beskikbaar te wees aan oopenbare en private belangstellendes wat beoog om „n lae kost behuising nedersetting te ontwikkel. Hierdie assesserings instrument het wel „n paar tekortkomming, wat aan die enide van die studie bespreek word, asook hoe hierdie terkortkomming die model kan beïnvloed.
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Solórzano, M. Ricardo M. (Ricardo Miguel Solórzano Macías). "Housing markets : Mexico." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54864.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate , 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Vita. Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-59).
What, When and Where to Develop? The purpose of this study is to help find the major areas of opportunity for housing development and production in Mexico. The thesis intends to help developers in their eternal quest for the right product, location and timing. The answer to these questions will not only help developers with decision making regarding housing projects, but will be helpful to the industry as a whole. It will help lending institutions determine which projects to finance and will be a valuable tool for local and federal governments in determining which cities and income levels or housing products need higher government subsidy or support. The number of housing units sold in Mexico in the last decade has almost quadrupled, yet market forecasts generated by institutions and developers seem negligible. A greater effort to assess the housing demand and deficit has been made by private institutions and government entities which finance most housing sales in the country, while developers seem only to go as far as is necessary to secure financing for their respective projects. This study provides an outlook of the housing markets in Mexico and includes an analysis of what is currently being done to measure and forecast housing demand. The thesis concludes with rigorous economics analysis intended to forecast markets through a Vector Autoregression (VAR) Model. The model uses 15 years of historical data on housing prices, inventories and sales with economic and demographic variables to create forecasts for seven cities representing each of the seven regions the country was segmented into for the study.
by Ricardo M. Solórzano M.
S.M.
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Shucksmith, M. "Public intervention in rural housing markets." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378845.
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Ahlström, Petter. "Strategier och styrsystem för seniorboendemarknaden." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Ekonomiska informationssystem, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11747.
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Den demografiska utvecklingen i Sverige går mot en befolkningssammansättning med allt högre medelålder. Prognosen tyder på att nästan var fjärde svensk år 2025 kommer vara 65 år eller äldre. Många av dessa individer har en aktiv, frisk och relativt lång ålderdom framför sig. Studier har visat att morgondagens seniorer är en relativt välbeställd grupp med höga krav och stora förväntningar på ålderdomen och det framtida boendet. Allt detta innebär en utmaning för samhället där nödvändiga prioriteringar kan leda till att individen måste ta ett större ansvar och eget initiativ för boende och omvårdnadstjänster gentemot tidigare. I avhandlingen (”studien”) har seniorboendekonceptet med integrerade service-, vård- och omsorgstjänster studerats särskilt. Seniorboenden är ett marknadssegment med kraftig tillväxt under 2000-talet. Antalet seniorbostäder i Sverige har ökat från ca 10 000 år 2000 till ca 28 000 år 2007. Det som karaktäriserar konceptet är att boendet och de anslutande tjänsterna har anpassats och särskilt utformats för ett liv i åldrande. Studien rapporteras i form av en monografi bestående av två olika delstudier. Forskningsfrågan som varit vägledande för den första delstudien är ”Vad skapar en stark marknadsposition för en aktör på seniorbostadsmarknaden med integrerad service, vård och omsorg?”. Forskningsfrågan i den andra delstudien är ”Vilka produktionsstrategier och styrsystem går att identifiera hos några av de mest framgångsrika konceptbyggarna?”. Den andra delstudien utgår från den första delstudiens resultat. Forskningen, som har bedrivits som en explorativ fältstudie, har pågått under perioden 2002-2008. Mätinstrumentet har bestått av fasta intervjufrågor med öppna svarsalternativ. De underliggande intervjuerna har tillsammans med sekundärdata presenterats i ett antal fallbeskrivningar. I studien har ett antal framgångsrika, såväl svenska som nordamerikanska, aktörer medverkat. Den första delstudien har analyserats utifrån en föreställningsram som byggts upp kring begreppen omgivning, strategi, resurs, tjänstekoncept och konkurrenskraft. Resultaten har formulerats i ett antal strategiska vägval vilka sammanfattats i begreppen differentiering, fokus, integration, samverkan, kontroll, verksamhetsutveckling, kärnkompetens och resurser. Det har kunnat påvisas att framgångsrika aktörer följer den differentieringsstrategi om Porter (1980) definierat. Vidare har en affärsstrategisk typologi över aktörer på seniorboendemarknaden formulerats. Den första delstudiens slutsatser har formulerats i fyra strategiska idealtyper: förvaltare, konceptbyggare, entreprenörer och idealister. Utgångspunkten i den andra delstudien, som bl.a. hämtats i Nilssons och Rapps (2005) teoretiska ramverk, har varit idealtypen konceptbyggare. Med vissa kompletteringar har detta ramverk nyttjats och utvecklats för att beskriva och analysera orsakssambanden kring strategisk kongruens och integrerad styrning. Kompletteringar och justeringar har skett för att även omfatta strategier och styrsystem för bygg- och tjänsteproduktion. Föreställningsramen har, utifrån den erfarenhet som erhållits vid analysen av insamlad data, justerats. Justeringen har bestått i klassificeringsdimensionerna IT, organisationskultur och värdegrund. I studien, som bl.a. består av fallbeskrivning och analys av konceptbyggare, har framkommit att de konceptbyggare som nått framgång också har lyckats uppnå strategisk kongruens och integrerad styrning. Studien har bl.a. kunnat påvisa vad betydelsen av boendets fysiska planering innebär för möjligheten att bedriva tjänsteproduktion. Studien har bl.a. visat att nordamerikanska konceptbyggare har en hög grad av samstämmighet mellan strategi och styrsystem. Samstämmigheten kan sammanfattas i marknadskännedom, tydlig verksamhetsidé, branscherfarenhet, insikt om skalfördelar via klustring, organisatorisk småskalighet, känsla för värdeskapande, målinriktning, långtgående befogenheter och delegerat ansvar, värdestyrd verksamhet och en väl utvecklad organisationskultur. De nordamerikanska konceptbyggarna har definierat sina verksamheter som hotellverksamhet för seniorer vilket innebär att de boende blivit kunder och de äldre i allmänhet betraktas som en tillgång.The demographic trend in Sweden features a population with a rising average age. According to forecasts, nearly one Swede out of four will be 65 or older by the year 2025. Many individuals in this category of older persons, or seniors, can look forward to an active, healthy and relatively long old age. Studies have shown that tomorrow’s seniors and retirees will be relatively well off as social groups. In addition, attitude and generation surveys have indicated that these groups have high demands and expectations for their old age, future housing and related services. Society will thus face a considerable challenge, which includes maintaining a basic commitment to continue guaranteeing the standard of quality in housing and services for the elderly that is presently taken for granted. Necessary societal priorities, however, may require individuals to take more initiative and assume greater financial responsibility than before in some of these areas. In the 2000’s a new market segment has been established and shown vigorous growth. That segment is the senior housing market, where various housing concepts are offered to the target group, seniors, or persons aged 55+. The number of senior housing units in Sweden has soared in the last few years, from about 10 000 in 2000 to some 28 000 in 2007. In this study, the concept of senior housing, with features of integrated service and care, has been of special interest. What characterizes this housing concept is that housing and related services have been adapted and specially designed for living as an aging individual. This dissertation (”the survey”) is reported in the form of a monograph consisting of two separate studies. The research question that has guided the first study is, “What creates a strong market position for a player on the senior-housing market with integrated service, health care and other forms of service and care?” The research question for the second study is, “What production strategies and control systems can be identified for some of the most successful concept-builders?” The two studies are related in that the latter is based on the results of the former. The studies were conducted over a period from 2002 to 2008. The research was done as an exploratory field study. The field-study approach has given priority to breadth and inclusion of many aspects. The instrument of measurement has consisted of set interview questions with open-ended alternative responses. The underlying interviews, together with secondary data, have been presented as a number of case studies. In the survey, a number of successful players have been selected on the basis of the criteria considered typical of successful actors on the senior housing market. Both Swedish and North American organizations have participated in the survey. The empirical material of the survey has been analyzed on the basis of the theoretical conceptual frameworks developed for the two respective studies. The first study has been analyzed with a framework based on the concepts of environment, strategy, resources, service and competitiveness. The results have been formulated in a number of strategic choices that are summarized in the concepts of differentiation, focus, integration, collaboration, control, business development, core competence and resources. In this connection, it has been possible to show that actors who operate a successful business follow largely what Porter (1980) has defined as a strategy of differentiation. Moreover, a business-strategy typology of actors on the senior housing market has also been constructed. Also, the tentative conclusions of the first study have been formulated in four strategic ideal types: administrators, concept-builders, entrepreneurs and idealists. The point of departure for the second study has been the ideal type referred to as the concept-builder. The conceptual framework has therefore been developed further, based in part on the theoretical framework of Nilsson and Rapp (2005). With certain additions, these foundations have been used to construct a detailed theoretical framework for the study. The conceptual framework has been designed to describe and analyze the causal relationships relating to strategic congruence and integrated control. In this regard, additions and adjustments have been made to include strategies and control systems for the construction of buildings and the production of services. The results of the second study include a case description and an analysis of successful concept-builders. One reason for their success is assumed to be their ability to achieve strategic congruence and integrated control. In light of the findings from the analysis of the data, the conceptual framework has been somewhat modified. This adjustment has consisted in classification along the dimensions of IT, organizational culture and fundamental values. In this connection it has been possible to demonstrate the importance of the physical planning of housing for the production of services. Emphasis has been placed on designing the physical facility and housing right from the beginning so as to facilitate the service-producing operation in a later stage of the life cycle. One finding of the survey is that with North American concept-builders there is a high degree of consistency between strategies and control systems. The factors underlying this consistency can be summarized as market knowledge, industry experience, understanding the economies of scale attainable through clustering, organization on a small scale, a clear concept of business, a sense of value creation, a focus on objectives, farreaching delegation of authority and responsibility to the operating level, skilled management, value-oriented operations and a well-developed organizational culture. Through the survey, a number of customer-controlled operations have been illustrated in the case studies. It is apparent that compared to the past, there has been a shift in industry attitude in North America, creating a situation that differs from Swedish conditions in some respects. The North American concept-builders have defined their businesses as hotel operations for seniors. This has automatically shifted the focus toward one where residents have become customers and older people in general are regarded as assets.
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Cheong, Chit Sun. "Contractors business development for overseas markets." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7142.
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The survival and sustainable development of construction contractors depends on their own capacity as well as their ability to cope with the ever changing environment. Hong Kong was once a large construction market by the world standards; but in the period 1998 to 2007 has suffered from long term market shrinkage. This shrinkage in the work load available in the market has demanded that Hong Kong contractors change their business strategy and consider expanding their construction business to the international marketplace. From surveys and studies of Hong Kong contractors, it is noted that traditionally the majority of contractors organizations were not active in participating in the international construction markets. The prime reasons were that the Hong Kong domestic market was large enough to sustain the contractors and that Hong Kong construction professionals are reluctant to work overseas. However due to the continuous shrinkage of the market, Hong Kong contractors were being forced to consider expanding their construction business to the overseas markets in order to survive. This thesis reviews existing theories and previous studies in overseas con-struction business development. It analyzes surveys of Hong Kong con-struction contractors and conducts a scientific study of a Hong Kong based contractor organization which expanded its construction business to overseas markets. This study was conducted through an integrated action research methodology. Based on the problems, impacts, difficulties and success this organization faced during its practical experience in the overseas business expansion, this thesis explores and recommends a structured approach for Hong Kong contractors to re-define and develop their business overseas. The focus of study is the pre-contract award stage of business development. It focuses on the entry modes, strategic planning, risk management and tender management of the organization. The author also presents various models for use in attaining width and depth of understanding of overseas knowledge. These include preliminary entry selection model, dynamic management, and a spiral model (a learning & knowledge based business development model), for use in the management of international construction business development at the pre-contract stage. The groundwork laid down in this thesis will form the basis for further studies and the development of theories / models. It is the expectation of the author that other contractors in Hong Kong and other nation s contractors may make use of this research as assistance to their overseas business development. The ultimate aim of the author has been to change the goal of contractors from being companies able to compete with international contractors in their domestic market to contractors that are able to compete in the international market place.
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Rahman, Tariq. "Enabling Development: A Housing Scheme in Rural Pakistan." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20410.
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This thesis explores the development of a housing scheme in rural Pakistan. In the so-called ‘backward’ district of Bhakkar, five entrepreneurs formed a partnership in 2004 to build the area’s first privately developed housing scheme. As housing schemes are associated with development in Pakistan, they saw themselves as providing services that the state was expected, but failed, to deliver.
Departing from normative conceptions of the state, this case study demonstrates how state power functions in Pakistan. Though it is an entrepreneurial venture, the construction of the housing scheme is structured by a discourse of national development. Further, the project was made possible through the state’s integration of Bhakkar into global economic circuits. I argue that the Pakistani state’s power in this instance does not obtain from its felt presence in Bhakkar but rather from its assurance of access to various physical and digital networks through which it is reconfigured.
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Chan, Ko-kit. "The implication of agency management scheme for home ownership housing to the development of the housing management industry." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2102876X.
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Ahn, Jae-Wan. "Three Essays on Housing Markets, Urban Land Use, and the Environment." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555457869257077.
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Wong, Heung-wing. "Housing design and housing management : a case study of multi-purpose residential development in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22358535.
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Wong, Heung-wing, and 王向榮. "Housing design and housing management: a casestudy of multi-purpose residential development in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968715.
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Fu, Sze-kap. "The development of housing services in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22359862.
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Chan, Chi-kau Johnnie Casire. "Community development and management of private sector housing estates in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14739999.
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Klaiber, Julia Beth. "Affordable live/work housing for artists in urban economic development planning." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413371285.
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Chan, Chi-kau Johnnie Casire, and 陳志球. "Community development and management of private sector housing estatesin Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967693.
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Xali, Nomawethu. "Community participation in housing development : the Boystown informal settlement project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1679.
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Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.One of the problems with development planning is a lack of community participation. This is due to the top-down approach that dominates development planning. To improve chances of sustainable development there is a need to shift from a top-down approach towards a bottom-up approach. The bottom-up approach promotes people-centred development. People-centred development focuses on people and enhances their capacity to influence the direction and implementation of the development process. Communities can only influence the development process through their participation. International bodies such as the United Nations and the World Bank support the concept of community participation in development planning. The South African policy framework also provides for community participation. The change agents should utilise this opportunity by sharing knowledge and by learning from the indigenous knowledge of the community. This knowledge exchange between the community and the change agents creates a platform for social learning, capacity building and empowerment. It is through this platform that sustainable development could be achieved. This kind of development process accommodates the building blocks of development. This study examines the level of community participation in a housing development project at the Boystown informal settlement. It was found that there is a lack of community participation in this project and that the project could be a success if there is a higher level of participation by the beneficiaries.
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Chan, Ko-kit, and 陳可傑. "The implication of agency management scheme for home ownership housingto the development of the housing management industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968387.
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Yip, Tak-kuen Eric. "A study of the development of tenant involvement strategies in Hong Kong : future development of estate management of Estate Management Advisory Committee Scheme /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24533385.
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Wilhelm, Martha. "An Analysis of the role of governance on effective programme management - A case of Namibia Mass Housing Development Programme Management - A case of Namibia Mass Housing Development Programme." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29847.
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Namibia has been praised for having rigorous policy frameworks that address various national development challenges. Over the years, the country has introduced various policy initiatives to address the housing challenge in the country. However, implementation of such policies and programmes faced various challenges resulting in suboptimal outcomes and consequently, a situation where such programmes are abandoned, and new ones are introduced with little learning from past experiences. This paper, analysed the role of governance on effective programme management using a case study of Namibia’s Mass Housing Development Programme. The findings highlight governance challenges, as one of the key contributing factors to failing programmes. A qualitative approach was employed in gathering data using face to face in-depth interviews with the informants who represented the target population in the study. The paper contributes to the body of knowledge on the importance of governance which public policy and programme makers can draw lessons from for effective programme implementation.
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Melin, Markus, and Sigrid Magnusdotter. "Bostadsförsörjning i landsbygder : En fallstudie och framtidsstudie om förutsättningarna för bostadsförsörjning på landsbygder." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42528.
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Bostadspolitiken i Sverige behöver förändras för att skapa jämlika förutsättningar för kommuner att kunna utveckla den lokala bostadsmarknaden och tillgodose sitt lagstadgade bostadsförsörjningsansvar. Landsbygder har andra förutsättningar än de urbaniserade städerna och flera av Sveriges landsbygdskommuner uppvisar en befolkningsminskning, låga bostadspriser och liten eller obefintlig nyproduktion. Denna studien har riktat sitt fokus till två landsbygdskommuner i norra Sverige och deras arbete med sin bostadsförsörjning. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka förutsättningar det finns i kommunerna Sorsele och Älvsbyn att tillgodo se sitt bostadsförsörjningsansvar. Syftet är också att visa potentiella åtgärder i den nationella politiken som underlättar för landsbygdskommuner att tillgodose sitt bostadsförsörjningsansvar. Resultaten av studien visar på att det finns många problem som står vägen för att kommunerna Älvsbyn och Sorsele ska kunna förbättra sina bostadsmarknader. Några av problemen som framkommer är låga fastighetspriser, finansieringssvårigheter och ett sviktande skatteunderlag. Konkurrenssituationen som existerar mellan kommunerna om invånare och arbetstillfällen medför att kommuner har en tendens att planera för en ökande befolkning snarare än en minskande. Detta i sin tur skapar problem då planeringen av service och bostadsbestånd inte är anpassade utifrån rådande förutsättningar, utan snarare är anpassade för en större befolkning. På grund av sina små ekonomiska muskler har Sorsele och Älvsbyn svårt att själva vända den pågående utvecklingen. Utifrån rådande situation tvingas de lägga sina förhoppningar på extern finansiering, företagsetableringar och inflyttningar. För att visa på alternativ till pågående utveckling för bostadsförsörjning i landsbygdskommuner har en framtidsstudie gjorts. I framtidsstudien identifieras tre scenarier med potential att nå en positiv framtidsvision och den utgår ifrån hur bostadspolitiken behöver förändras för att landsbygdskommuner med svaga bostadsmarknader ska kunna leva upp till sitt bostadsförsörjningsansvar. Framtidsstudien visar på att reformer inom bostadspolitiken, landsbygdspolitiken och skattepolitiken kan användas för att uppnå visionen. Trots att det råder osäkerhet om genomförbarheten och resultatet av olika reformer som föreslås i framtidsstudien, är en slutsats att framtidens bostadspolitik har mycket goda förutsättningar att lyckas skapa en förbättrad bostadsmarknad i landsbygdskommuner.Housing policy in Sweden needs to change in order to create equal conditions for municipalities to develop the local housing market and meet their statutory housing supply responsibilities. Rural areas, particularly in northern Sweden, have long been disadvantaged by housing policies pursued by the government. Rural areas are in a difficult situation and several areas are experiencing population decline, low house prices and little or no new construction. As housing research tends to focus on housing policy from the perspective of an urban norm, this study has instead focused on housing policy in rural areas. The aim of this study is to investigate what conditions exist in the municipalities of Sorsele and Älvsbyn and how they are working to achieve their housing supply responsibilities. Furthermore, the aim is to examine potential national policy measures to help rural municipalities meet their housing responsibilities. The results of the study show that there are many problems that stand in the way of the municipalities of Älvsbyn and Sorsele improving their housing markets. Some of the problems identified are low property prices, financing difficulties and a shrinking tax base. Because of their small financial muscle, Sorsele and Älvsbyn have difficulty in reversing the current trend themselves. Given the current situation, they are forced to place their hopes in external financing, the establishment of companies and the arrival of new residents. In contrast to current housing trends, a futures study has been undertaken to show alternatives to the current development of housing supply in rural municipalities. The study identifies three scenarios with the potential to achieve a positive vision of the future, based on how housing policy needs to change to enable rural municipalities with weak housing markets to meet their housing supply responsibilities. The futures study shows that reforms in housing policy, as well as fiscal policy can be used to achieve the vision. Despite uncertainty about the feasibility and outcome of various reforms proposed in the future study, this study concludes that future housing policy has a very good chance of succeeding in creating an improved housing market in rural municipalities.
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Lam, Wai-yuk, and 林惠玉. "Housing management of high-rise and high density development in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967784.
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Lam, Wai-yuk. "Housing management of high-rise and high density development in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14739215.
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Khaki, Imraan. "Housing in South Africa : the challenge to provide sustainable, integrated, affordable housing." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/919.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Section 26 of the Constitution of South Africa states that all South Africans should have the basic right of access to adequate housing. The task of housing the people of South Africa is the responsibility of the state, who is empowered to utilize all legislative and economic resources at its disposal, in order to achieve this right to housing in all forms. Though the state has mobilised resources and manpower to achieve these objectives, many challenges remain in the facilitation and provision of adequate affordable housing. These challenges relate to the understanding of the complex legislative systems and mechanisms governing the delivery of housing in this country. The functions of various tiers of government and the interventions designed to alleviate the housing backlog are increasingly becoming less effective. The involvement of the private sector in the delivery of sustainable integrated affordable housing is therefore crucial as this enormous challenge cannot be achieved by the government alone. These challenges are numerous and diverse and this study highlights the main structural issues to which both the public and private sectors are exposed to. This relates to availability of land, affordability, subsidy constraints, access to funding and the limitations of development planning. The aim of this study is to determine how this range of challenges is affecting the delivery of sustainable integrated affordable housing. A survey of leading developers in the Western Cape has been conducted to determine the main factors which are retarding and hampering progress. The findings of the study reveals that government interventions in the housing sector though marginally progressive, are not conducive to alleviating the structural problems in this environment. As a result the ability of private sector developers to perform in this market is eroded due to the unsustainable and complex problems associated with this environment. As the need for housing grows, a greater awareness and understanding of the problems and challenges associated with the delivery of sustainable integrated affordable housing is needed to provide a platform for the creation of adequate housing in this country. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Artikel 26 van die Grondwet van Suid-Afrika stel dat alle Suid-Afrikaners die reg op toegang tot geskikte behuising het. Die taak van die behuising van die mense van Suid-Afrika is die verantwoordelikheid van die staat, wat toegerus is om alle wetgewende en ekonomiese hulpbronne tot sy beskikking te gebruik om hierdie reg tot behuising in al sy vorme te verwesenlik. Alhoewel die staat hulpbronne en mannekrag gemobiliseer het om hierdie doelwitte te bereik, bestaan daar steeds vele uitdagings in die fasilitering en verskaffing van geskikte en bekostigbare behuising. Hierdie uitdagings het betrekking op die begrip van die komplekse wetgewende stelsels en meganismes wat die lewering van behuising in hierdie land beheer. Die funksies van verskeie vlakke van regering en die intervensies wat ontwerp is om die behuisingsagterstand te verlig, raak al hoe minder effektief. Die betrokkenheid van die privaatsektor in die lewering van volhoubare, geïntegreerde en bekostigbare behuising is kritiek omdat die regering nie hierdie enorme uitdaging alleen kan verrig nie. Die uitdagings is talryk en divers, en hierdie studie werp lig op die vernaamste strukturele kwessies waaraan beide die openbare en privaatsektore blootgestel word. Dit het betrekking op die beskikbaarheid van grond, bekostigbaarheid, subsidiebeperkings, toegang tot befondsing en die tekortkominge van ontwikkelingsbeplanning. Die doel van hierdie studie is om vas te stel hoe hierdie reeks uitdagings die lewering van volhoubare, geïntegreerde en bekostigbare behuising affekteer. ’n Opname van toonaangewende ontwikkelaars in die Wes-Kaap is gemaak om vas te stel wat die hooffaktore is wat vordering vertraag en belemmer. Die bevindinge van die studie onthul dat regeringsintervensies in die behuisingsektor, hoewel marginaal progressief, nie bevorderlik is vir die verligting van strukturele probleme in hierdie omgewing nie. Gevolglik word die vermoë van die privaatsektor-ontwikkelaars om in hierdie mark te slaag, verweer weens die onvolhoubaarheid en komplekse probleme wat met hierdie omgewing gepaard gaan. Soos die behoefte aan behuising groei, word ’n groter bewustheid en beter begrip van die probleme en uitdagings, wat gepaard gaan met die lewering van volhoubare, geïntegreerde behuising, benodig om ’n platform daar te stel vir die skepping van geskikte behuising in hierdie land.
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Fanning, JaMarcus L. "Development of case studies for use in training of employees in the multifamily housing industry to prevent fair housing violations." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/448.
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Yuen, Bik-wai Gloria. "Review of the relationship between community development and the management of private housing estates in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2453366x.
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Dubiel, Anna [Verfasser], Holger [Gutachter] Ernst, and Lutz [Gutachter] Kaufmann. "Successful new product development for international markets / Anna Dubiel. Gutachter: Holger Ernst ; Lutz Kaufmann." Vallendar : WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113538538/34.
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Colvin, Jamie Cameron. "Water markets : factors in efficient water allocation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50546.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water is essential for life. Like the very air that surrounds us the omnipresent and indispensable qualities of water pervade throughout all of our lives. For reasons of health, community and trade the beginnings of all civilisations were proximate to the mighty rivers of the world. In a rapidly expanding global village, the priority for our future is to secure the management of increasing levels of water demand, given the finite natural cycle that all water is subject to and derived from; the hydrological cycle. The focus of this papers investigation is how best to allocate the value of water through the relatively nascent developments of water markets. The premise of utilising markets for allocative efficiency is suitably ingrained in the workings of many societies today, and the need to treat water with commensurate value and avoid waste is encapsulated in the Dublin Principles, where #4 states; 'Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognised as an economic good'. Which in isolation has merit, the legacy of state water management is usually associated with underperformance at best or incompetence and corruption at worst, and therefore the introduction of market mechanisms to provide water with allocative efficiency and true value, should be a positive undertaking for change. However the requisite conditions for proficient markets and perfect competition; which primarily include, that all agents are buyers and sellers, for a homogeneous product, with perfect information, without externalities, after the full and fair assignment of property rights, where all goods and services are private goods, and where transaction costs remain close to zero; would seldom be applicable to water. The many idiosyncrasies of water inhibit the application of competitive markets. Water could easily be defined as a public good with riparian rights, subject to a range of social and environmental externalities, whilst incurring high structural entry costs and remaining subject to the problematic vagaries of the natural supply cycle. Demand profiles also give water a heterogeneous definition, as domestic uses include both sanitation and drinking water, whilst various levels of quality are required for industry and agriculture, and even recreation. This paper seeks to define those factors that both warrant and limit the introduction of market functions to water management. The premise of this paper remains the search for better ways of valuing water, and how to incorporate fully the foundations of the environment and social criteria of health, and poverty reduction within these economic considerations. The conclusion defines a premium / discount solution to market traded water prices, which internalises these factors.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Water is noodsaaklik vir lewe. Net soos die lug wat ons omring het water ook alomteenwoordige eienskappe wat In onskeibare deel van ons lewens vorm. Die ontstaan van alle beskawings is te vinde in die nabyheid van groot en gevestigde riviere vir redes van gemeenskaplikheid, gesondheid en handel. Vandag se geintegreerde en snel-groeiende samelewing met sy toenemende vraag na water, noodsaak 'n toekomsgerigte benadering om waterbronne te bestuur gegewe die vaste water natuursiklus waar water vandaan kom en bewaar word in. Die fokus van hierdie studie is om die beste metodes te vind vir waterallokasie met verwysing na die ontwikkeling van water markte oor die eeue. Die gebruik van die markstelsel om water effektief te allokeer is die grondslag van baie samelewings vandag. So erken die Dublin beginsels die noosaaklikheid om 'n waarde te plaas op water beklemtoon dat dit nie vermors moet word nie. Beginsel #4 bepaal: "Water het 'n ekonomiese waarde in al sy vele gebruike en moet ooreenkomstig erken word as ekonomiese saak". Die bestuur van waterbronne deur 'n owerheid word gewoonlik vereenselwig met 'n nie-optimale of selfs korrupte onbevoegdheid. Hier behoort die bekendstelling van mark beginsels om 'n waarde en nut op water te plaas dus 'n positiewe ontwikkeling te wees. Tog is dit ook duidelik dat die vereistes vir 'n effektiewe mark; alle agente is kopers en verkopers, 'n eenvormige produk, deursigtigheid in informasie, geen eksternaliteite, erkenning van besitreg, alle goedere en dienste is privaat goedere, transaksie koste is naby aan nul; nie volkome toepasbaar is op water nie. Die eenvoudige asook komplekse aard van water verhoed dat standaard markstelsel en beginsels van kompetisie eenvormig toepasbaar is. Water kan ook maklik gekategoriseer word as publieke goedere met gemeenskapsregte, wat dit dan onderhewig sal maak aan verskeie maatskaplike en omgewingsmaatreëls, hoë toetrede kostes, en logistieke probleme van die verskaffingsiklus. Dit is egter die vraag na water wat defineer dit as heterogene produk met huishoudelike gebruike vir beide persoonlike verbruik asook sanitasie, terwyl doelgerigte gebruike in landbou, handel en nywerheid ook spesifieke kwaliteite kan vereis. Hierdie werkstuk beoog om die faktore te defineer wat die bekendstelling van 'n mark stelsel vir water bestuur daarstel en ook beperk. Die uitgangspunt van hierdie studie was om maniere te vind vir beter ekonomiese waardasie van water en dit dan te kombineer met die fondasies van die omgewing, maatskaplike & gesondheidsmaatreëls, asook die toeganklikheid van basiese dienste aan almal.
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Munzhelele, Tshililo. "Knowledge management and service delivery : a knowledge management model for the housing sector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20126.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering en sy organisasies en instellings, net soos ander internasionale state, word gekonfronteer met uitdagings om hul bates te bestuur, soos onder andere data, inligting, kennis, mense en prosesse. Hierdie uitdagings tel onder die faktore wat dienslewering negatief beinvloed. Alhoewel die Departement van Behuising ongeveer twee miljoen en sewe honderd duisend huise gelewer het, sedert 1994 was daar nog steeds uitdagings. Gepaardgaande met swak dienslewering, het die Departement ook gesukkel om bates soos inligting, kennis, inligtingstegnologie en menslike hulpbronne te bestuur. Alhoewel dit uitgebreide beleggings gemaak het in inligting tegnologie, veral in die ondersteuningsdienste, het die departement nog nie die tegnologie ten volle benut nie. Die tesis poog om die positiewe aspekte te ontdek wat deur die toepassing van kennisbestuur binne die behuisingsektor oor al drie regeringsvlakke teweeggebring kan word. ‘n Vraelys is versprei onder beamptes wat die bestaande behuisingsinformasie-sisteme gebruik in die areas van behuisingsubsidie administrasie, monitering en evaluering en projekbestuur afdelings in die behuisingsektor. Gebaseer op die bevindinge van die vraelys word ‘n kennisbestuursmodel vir die behuisingsektor voorgestel wat dienslewering kan bevorder.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering en sy organisasies en instellings, net soos ander internasionale state, word gekonfronteer met uitdagings om hul bates te bestuur, soos onder andere data, inligting, kennis, mense en prosesse. Hierdie uitdagings tel onder die faktore wat dienslewering negatief beinvloed. Alhoewel die Departement van Behuising ongeveer twee miljoen en sewe honderd duisend huise gelewer het, sedert 1994 was daar nog steeds uitdagings. Gepaardgaande met swak dienslewering, het die Departement ook gesukkel om bates soos inligting, kennis, inligtingstegnologie en menslike hulpbronne te bestuur. Alhoewel dit uitgebreide beleggings gemaak het in inligting tegnologie, veral in die ondersteuningsdienste, het die departement nog nie die tegnologie ten volle benut nie. Die tesis poog om die positiewe aspekte te ontdek wat deur die toepassing van kennisbestuur binne die behuisingsektor oor al drie regeringsvlakke teweeggebring kan word. ‘n Vraelys is versprei onder beamptes wat die bestaande behuisingsinformasie-sisteme gebruik in die areas van behuisingsubsidie administrasie, monitering en evaluering en projekbestuur afdelings in die behuisingsektor. Gebaseer op die bevindinge van die vraelys word ‘n kennisbestuursmodel vir die behuisingsektor voorgestel wat dienslewering kan bevorder.
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Chan, Chi-kin, and 陳志健. "The role of housing managers in sustainable development of residential properties." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194916.
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Since the formal announcement of the guiding principles of sustainable development in the 1999 Policy Address, sustainable development has become a hot topic in various industries. Housing management is one of the fields that sustainable development principles could be taken place. It was believed that the diversified job natures of housing management give potential opportunities to enhance sustainable development. The aim of the project is to find absent the potential roles of housing manger in contributing the sustainable development.
Before applying the concept of sustainable development into housing management, in order to study the rationale behind this concept, the emerge of this idea and its historical development would be discussed.
While the functions of housing manager were differentiated in different countries and different properties, the fundamental job function would be discovered, followed by the evolution of change till the modern century.
To investigate the prospective relationships between the living environment and sustainable development, residential property was chosen as the scope of this study. Six residential apartments with different scales and different management structures were selected for case studies. It was found that there are numbers of opportunities for housing manager to enhance the sustainable development in the housing estates, while most of these opportunities were related to the job functions of housing manager.
The study found that housing manager could be a good facilitator to integrate the effort of all stakeholders in constructing a sustainable living community.published_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management
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Botha, Melissa. "Sustainable housing development : a City of Cape Town project evaluation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85869.
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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis reports on an evaluative study of the sustainability of housing development by the City of Cape Town with the Witsand, Atlantis, housing project as case study to empirically measure such sustainability. The study was attempted to determine how the City of Cape Town has planned for and implemented sustainability measures and what the results were in the Witsand project. The research therefore determined to what extent the expressed policy intent of sustainability housing delivery was implemented successfully in Witsand in terms of output and outcomes. The objectives of this study included outlining a theoretical and analytical framework for sustainable development as prescribed in the National, Provincial and Local Government policies and relevant legislation. An evaluative case study is provided, describing how the City of Cape Town implemented its policy in practice. This housing project was chosen because it is claimed to be the first large-scale integrated sustainable housing project in South Africa. The research methodology entailed an analysis of relevant literature, policies, legislation and project design documentation. In addition, the field work utilised a semi-structured mixed questionnaire for conducting interviews with the Project Manager, community development worker and a sample of residents. The research found that the City of Cape has followed the sustainability blueprint as far as their means allowed. The satisfaction level of the community is high. It was found, however, that the people, even though they received houses that were designed and constructed to take full advantage of the environment without harming it; lack the knowledge to maintain sustainable, energy conserving living. This indicates that sustainability in low income housing is not only a matter of design and technology, but also of instilling a particular behaviour amongst beneficiaries.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis voer ‘n evaluering studie van die volhoubaarheid van behuising deur die Stad Kaapstad by die Witsand, Atlantis projek, wat as ‘n gevallestudie om sodanige volhoubaarheid empiries te meet, gedien het. Die studie is onderneem om te bepaal hoe die Stad Kaapstad volhoubaarheidsmaatreëls beplan en geïmplementeer het, en wat die resultate van die Witsand projek was. Die navorsing het dus bepaal tot watter mate die uitdruklike beleidsvoornemens vir die lewering van volhoubare huisverskaffing in terme van uitset en uitkomste suksesvol in Witsand geïmplementeer is. Die doelstellings van hierdie studie het die skets van ‘n teoretiese en analitiese raamwerk vir volhoubare ontwikkeling, soos in Nasionale, Provinsiale en Plaaslike beleid en toepaslike wetgewing voorgeskryf, ingesluit. ‘n Evaluerende gevallestudie wat beskrywe hoe die Stad Kaapstad se beleid prakties uitgevoer is, word voorsien. Hierdie projek is gekies vanweë die aanspraak dat dit die eerste grootskaalse geïntegreerde volhoubare projek vir huisverskaffing in Suid-Afrika was. Die navorsingsmetodologie het ‘n ontleding van toepaslike literatuur, beleid, wetgewing en gedokumenteerde projekontwerp behels. Daarbenewens het die veldwerk gebruik gemaak van ’n gemengde semi-gestruktureerde vraelys vir onderhoude met die Projekbestuurder, gemeenskapsontwikkeling werker en ‘n steekproef van die inwoners. Die navorsing het bevind dat die Stad Kaapstad die bloudruk vir volhoubaarheid sover as die stad se middele kon toelaat, gevolg het. Die bevredigingsvlak van die gemeenskap is hoog. Daar is egter gevind dat die mense, ten spyte daarvan dat hulle van huise voorsien is wat ontwerp en gebou is om sonder enige skade aan die omgewing ten volle daaruit voordeel te trek, kennis ontbreek om op volhoubare wyse en met besparing van energie te lewe. Dit dui daarop dat volhoubaarheid in lae-inkomste behuising nie maar net ‘n kwessie van ontwerp en tegnologie is nie, maar ook vereis dat ‘n bepaalde soort gedrag onder die begunstigdes gevestig moet word.
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Ocran, Matthew Kofi. "Impact of commodity markets on economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18623.
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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Commodity issues have assumed renewed importance in debates about the attainment of the United Nation’s Millennium Development Goals for Sub-Saharan Africa and objectives of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development. For instance thirty-four countries in Africa depend on up to three commodities for more than half of their foreign exchange earnings. Despite the importance of commodity markets to economic development on the continent commodity-related research has not attracted the needed attention. The study considered eighteen primary commodities exported by most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The commodities were drawn from metals, agricultural raw materials, food and energy sub-groups. This dissertation presents results of research work underlying six stand-alone essays focusing on the relationship between commodities and various aspects of economic performance in Sub-Saharan Africa. Whilst three of the six essays dwelt on issues affecting commodities of interest to most African countries the others considered particular commodity markets in a selected number of countries. First the relationship between commodity markets and economic growth is studied. The second essay examined trends and volatility in Sub-Saharan Africa’s key commodity prices over the past four decades. Role of commodity prices in macroeconomic policy in South Africa is also investigated using a new research approach. The fourth essay estimated the supply response of a number of tradable and non-tradable agricultural commodities in Ghana. In the fifth essay a range of volatility forecasting models were evaluated using eighteen commodity spot prices. The last essay examined the interaction between changes in commodity prices, money supply, inflation and the real exchange rate in Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa. The findings of the study indicate that a negative relationship exist between extent of primary commodity dependence and economic growth. The study also revealed that volatility levels have not changed for nine out of the eighteen commodities studied however, changes were observed in the other nine. Another key finding of the study was that there is merit in using gold and metal prices as variables in forming monetary policy in South Africa. It was also observed that random walk and autoregressive models consistently outperform more complex models in forecasting volatility in commodity spot prices. Results of the supply response study suggest that even though producers usually respond to price incentives, structural features of domestic agricultural commodity markets in Ghana may have hindered the conversion of improved incentives to higher agricultural growth. Results of the last paper indicate that in Ghana commodity price increases impact money supply growth and inflation whilst in Nigeria the effects of crude oil price increases produces higher inflation and appreciation of the real exchange. In the case of South Africa effects of gold export booms were transmitted through changes in money supply, inflation and real appreciation of the domestic currency. The results of the study have implications for both decision makers in business and government.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kommoditeits-aangeleenthede het vernuwe belangrikheid in die debat rakende die vervulling van die Verenigde Nasises se Millennium Onwikkelings Doelwitte vir Sub-Sahara Afrika en die doelwitte van die Nuwe Vennootskap vir Afrika se Ontwikkeling aangeneem. By voorbeeld, vier-en-dertig Afrika lande is afhanklik van tussen een en drie kommoditeite vir meer as die helte van hul buitelandse valuta inkomste. Ten spyte van die belangrikheid van kommoditeits-markte vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling op die kontinent het kommoditeits-verwante navorsing nog nie die nodige aandag gekry nie. Die studie het agtien primêre uitvoer-kommoditeite wat deur die meeste Sub-Sahara Afrika lande uitgevoer word oorweeg. Die kommoditeite is afkomstig van metale, onverwerkte landbou produkte, voedsel en energie sub-groepe. Hierdie tesis bied die resultate van navorsing wat gedoen is op ses afsonderlike opstelle wat fokus op die verhouding tussen kommoditeite en verskeie aspekte wat die ekonomiese vertoning in Sub-Sahara Afrika beïnvloed. Drie van die ses opstelle fokus op faktore wat kommoditeite van belang vir meeste Afrika lande affekteer, terwyl die ander geselekteerde lande se unieke kommoditeits-markte oorweeg word. Die eerste opstel bestudeer die verhouding tussen kommoditeits-markte en ekonomiese groei. Die tweede opstel oorweeg tendense en volitaliteit in Sub-Sahara Afrika se belangrikste kommoditeits-pryse oor die afgelope vier dekades. Die rol van kommoditeits-pryse in Suid-Afrika se makro-ekonomiese beleid word ook ondersoek met behulp van 'n nuwe navorsings benadering. Die vierde opstel maak 'n skatting van Ghana se aanbod van verskeie verhandelbare en nie-verhandelbare landbou kommoditeite. In die vyfde opstel word 'n reeks volitaliteitsvoorspellings-modelle ge-evalueer deur agtien lokopryse te gebruik. Die laaste opstel bestudeer die interaksie tussen veranderinge in kommoditeits-pryse, geld aanbod, inflasie en die reële wisselkoers in Ghana, Nigerië en Suid-Afrika. Bevindinge van die studie dui daarop dat 'n negatiewe verhouding tussen die graad van primêre kommoditeits-afhanklikheid en ekonomiese groei voorkom. Die studie het ook bevind dat volitaliteits–vlakke vir nege van die agtien kommoditeite wat bestudeer is nie verander het nie, terwyl veranderinge in die ander nege waargeneem is. 'n Kritiese bevinding was dat daar meriete steek in die gebruik van goud en ander metal pryse as veranderlikes in die formulering van die monetêre beleid in Suid-Afrika. Dit is ook waargeneem dat “random walk” en autoregressiewe modelle deurlopend beter vaar in die voorspelling volitaliteit in kommoditeits lokopryse as komplekse modelle. Resultate van die aanbod respons studie dui daarop dat alhoewel produseerders gewoontlik reageer op prys insentiewe, struktule eienskappe van die binnelandse landbou kommoditeits-mark in Ghana moontlik die effek van verbeterde insentiewe op landbou groei kon beperk het. Resultate van die laaste opstel dui daarop dat kommoditeits-prys verhogings in Ghana die geld-aanbod groei en inflasie beinvloed, terwyl in Nigerië die effekte van ru-olie prys verhogings lei tot hoër inflasie en appresiasie van die reële wisselkoers. In die geval van Suid-Afrika word die effekte van die skielike groot toenames in goud-uitvoere die duidelikste waargeneem deur veranderinge in die geld-aanbod, inflasie en die reële appresiasie van die binnelandse geld-eenheid. Die resultate van die studie het implikasies vir beide besluitnemers in besigheide en die regering.
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Campbell, Kaysia Therese. "Deposit Insurance: Is it Good for the Development of Financial Markets?" restricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05032006-155403/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. James Owers, Stephen D. Smith, committee co-chairs. Electronic text (85 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 7, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (56-58).
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Chan, Tak-ming Terence, and 陳德鳴. "Energy efficiency use in housing management: a tool towards sustainable development in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45009193.
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Haber, Emily R. (Emily Ruth). "Successful housing management practices : the experience of two New York City community development corporations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66733.
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Chan, Tak-ming Terence. "Energy efficiency use in housing management : a tool towards sustainable development in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40697800.
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Waldhauser, Timo. "Business development in emerging markets : das Beispiel der Versicherungsbranche in der Volksrepublik China /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015598743&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Solberg, Carl Arthur. "Strategy development in globalising markets : the case of Norwegian small and medium sized firms." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21332.
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This study develops and tests a model, the "Nine Strategic Windows". This is a matrix accounting for the company's global environment and its ability to respond to this environment. The purpose of the model is to aid company management in its search for strategic direction in international markets. The model is tested through 22 case studies of Norwegian SMBs and small and medium sized SBUs of larger concerns in two industries: ship equipment and construction deemed to be located at different positions in the model. The main conclusions are: - It is indeed possible for SMBs to operate successfully in globalising markets, although SBUs seem to be more prone to succeed. - In a multilocal market environment companies tend to consolidate their operations. In potentially global markets companies take a more expansionnist stance partly to counter competitive pressure partly to capitalise on market opportunities offered. In global markets companies tend to seek strategic alliances, by finding either a financial partner or a partner offering marketing networks. The model endeavours to capture both the competitive and the learning aspects of international strategy development, and concludes with a normative strategy recommendation based on the lessons learnt from both the internationalisation school and the "global management school". The "Nine Strategic Windows" distinguishes itself from other models (for instance those of Nordstrèom and Vahine, 1985; Johanson and Mattson, 1986; Porter, 1986; Rugman and Verbeke, 1993) in that it not only classifies companies in different strategic positions, but actually endeavours to identify the main the strategic thrusts of the same companies. Another important feature is that the model encompasses the situation of small to medium sized firms operating in globalising markets. The fate of this category of firms has previously not been the object of study relative to global or globalising markets.
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傅思甲 and Sze-kap Fu. "The development of housing services in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968582.
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Lallie, Silimela. "High-density affordable housing impact investing: a best-in-class project screening credit risk management model." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25095.
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Constrained housing supply coupled with rapid urbanisation and a volatile domestic credit market have put affordable rental housing development under the spotlight. Addressing this demands appropriate and deliberate capital provisions to induce the property development market to deliver the scale needed to tackle the supply-side of the problem. Inducements are needed for residential property developers to choose to develop high-density affordable rental housing on land that presents great accessibility to economically vibrant nodes, where land is priced at a premium. The greenfield residential property development space is in need of sophisticated and specific funding interventions to evolve it beyond the sporadic developments we observe located on the urban periphery on cheap land. The benefits of sophisticated funding models in commercial property have seen the widespread proliferation of building and investment activity. Rental housing, however, lags behind owing to an immature market, shallow investment analysis and rudimentary risk-weighted debt-funding solutions. These funding instruments impede developers building affordable housing schemes on well-located parcels of land near existing amenities and profoundly incorporate green technology into buildings. This research presents a proof of concept for a sophisticated model for high-density housing. A largely 'spatial economic' model for risk analysis, it is developed to attain a so-called Probability of Default Ratio ("PDR") by coalescing two formulae regarded as international best-practice: The risk types incorporated into the model are (1) borrower-level credit risk, (2) property/development-level risk, and (3) cash-flow risk factors. The research is proof of concept of a credit risk management tool for impact investment funding model using these formulae and Geographic Information Systems ("GIS"). It calculates the extent of credit risk for income-producing real estate fundamentals and uses endogenous factors- risk factors and drivers associated with the housing scheme to be build and the surrounding area it is to be built in. The study area covers the 336 contiguous municipal wards that make up the Johannesburg, Tshwane and Ekurhuleni metropolitan municipalities.
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Mutale, Emmanuel. "The urban development of Nkana-Kitwe, Zambia : structural conflict in the management of land and services." Thesis, University of East London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310610.
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Obi, L. I. "Development of a system model for cost management in low-cost housing projects in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/41605/.
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Poor project cost performance is one of the vital issues challenging successful construction project delivery particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria. This issue is endemic particularly in Low-cost housing (LcH) projects with adverse effects on delivery, affordability of the target beneficiaries and housing situations in Nigeria. Past studies highlight the relationship between project cost management systems (CMS) and cost performances. However, extensive studies exploring the CMS for LcH project delivery in Nigeria are rare. Apparently, no contemporary attempts are made to proffer appropriate and well-developed systematic solutions indicating possible continuing trends of poor cost management and performances in LcH project delivery. Given this discovery, this research seeks to develop a cost management system model (CMSM) for LcH project delivery in Nigeria. Empirical investigations explore the concepts of LcH project delivery, project cost management system (CMS) and implementation success factors (IMSF). The research leans towards an interpretivism perspective. It adopts a case study strategy and employs a sequential mixed method procedure for data collection and analysis at different phases of the research. A mix of focus group, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaires facilitated data collection and thematic- content analysis and statistical analysis (percentages, relative agreement index, Kruskal-Wallis, and exploratory factor analysis) for data analysis. Research findings reveal that popular CMS employed by the Project Management Teams (PMT) are incapable of delivering effective LcH project cost performances following three key constraints: difficulty to effectively set target cost, plan and perform real-time project cost monitoring and control, creating rooms for variations and overruns. These limitations were traceable to inappropriate use of cost management techniques, process approach alongside 18 implementation barriers. Integrating Target costing, Earn value analysis, a cost-design-control process approach and consideration of three key IMSF namely effective team qualities, effective information and management actions and stable operational environment were identified measures to improve current CMS efficacy. The research findings were used to develop the CMSM and its operational guide employing three modelling techniques: conventional process modelling, interpretive structural modelling (ISM) and the interpretive ranking process (IRP). These modelling techniques enhanced the design and understanding of the contextual relationships between the techniques, process, and IMSF in the CMS. The IRP and ISM used in this study are novel contributions to construction research, particularly in the area of LcH project cost management. The validation of the CMSM shows its capability to facilitate improved project cost management towards effective cost performances of LcH projects. The CMSM will assist the PMT to set effectively, plan, monitor, and control costs in LcH project delivery in Nigeria.
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葉德權 and Tak-kuen Eric Yip. "A study of the development of tenant involvement strategies in Hong Kong: future development of estate managementof Estate Management Advisory Committee Scheme." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969045.
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Nyland, Kirk (Kirk Montgomery) 1971. "Effects of the Washington State Growth Management Act on housing development in the greater Seattle area." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8633.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-86).
This paper explores housing development in the Greater Seattle area in the context of the Washington State Growth Management Act. To establish an accurate picture of the workings of the Greater Seattle housing market, recent trends in regional employment growth, housing production, and home price movements are analyzed. Because the GMA imposes restrictions on development at portions of the region's urban/rural fringe, close attention is paid to the probable effects of constricting the region's supply of developable land, and to identification of development costs associated with denser housing typologies. Because the GMA envisions a network of Greater Seattle "Urban Centers" having high employment and household densities together with good access to roads, high levels of infrastructure and community resources, and good access to mass transit, two specific urban centers are reviewed: the Uptown Queen Anne Urban Center near downtown Seattle, and the Downtown Redmond Urban Center in Seattle's eastern suburbs.
by Kirk Nyland.
S.M.
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Nglazi-Tembo, Wendy. "Is there a solution to the challenges being faced in the capital markets in Zambia?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/971.
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Thesis (MDF (Development Finance))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines whether there is a solution to the challenges being faced in the capital markets in Zambia. Literature on how other countries have overcome these challenges is reviewed to determine whether there is a solution to these challenges. The study also tests for the market efficiency of the Lusaka Stock Exchange (LuSE). The Random Walk Model is used to test for weak form efficiency using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Test. The ADF Test is conducted for the period May 1995 to October 2008 using individual stocks, depending on the date the stock was listed on the LuSE. The result of this study shows that there is a solution to some of the challenges being faced in the capital markets in Zambia. The results also show that the LuSE market is a weak form of efficiency.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die vraag of daar ʼn oplossing is vir die uitdagings waardeur die kapitaalmarkte in Zambië in die gesig gestaar word. Literatuur oor hoe ander lande hierdie uitdagings te bowe gekom het, word nagegaan om te bepaal of daar ʼn oplossing is vir dié uitdagings. Die studie toets voorts die markdoeltreffendheid van die Lusaka-aandelebeurs (LuSE). Die stogastiese bewegingsteorie word gebruik om met behulp van die Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF)-toets vir swak vormdoeltreffendheid te toets. Die ADF-toets is met behulp van individuele effekte gedurende die tydperk Mei 1995 tot Oktober 2008 uitgevoer, na gelang van die datum waarop die effek op die LuSE genoteer is. Die slotsom waartoe hierdie studie kom, is dat daar ʼn oplossing is vir sommige van die uitdagings waarvoor die kapitaalmarkte in Zambië te staan kom. Die resultate toon ook dat die LuSE-mark swak is wat betref vormdoeltreffendheid.
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Yuen, Ying-lai Margaret. "Property management strategies and real estate design : a case study of Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14041303.
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Rehse, Kerryn Lynn. "An exploratory study of branding techniques used by registered Western Cape, [sic] development and housing non-profit organisations." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11968.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This purpose of this research study was to explore the marketing and branding techniques used by registered Western Cape, [sic] development and housing non-profit organisations. Utilising a qualitative research design, two forms of qualitative data collection methods were used. Data was collected through a self-administered electronic questionnaire and face-to-face interviews. The electronic questionnaire was designed using an online survey tool (ESurveyPro). The tools were used to exploretheperceptions of marketing and branding held by management in the development and housing non-profit sector in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The population for this research study was registered non-profit organisations that operated in the development and housing sector in the Western Cape Province.
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袁碧慧 and Bik-wai Gloria Yuen. "Review of the relationship between community development and the management of private housing estates in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969057.
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Creeley, Hannah Highton. "Creating an asset management model for Massachusetts state-aided public housing : a study of policies and practices to inform the Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49689.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-73).
Local housing authorities in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts currently manage over 50,000 state-aided public housing units on a consolidated, authority-wide level-a style of property management that does not allow for the detailed monitoring or assessment of each property within a local housing authority's portfolio. The private real estate sector and federal public housing authorities with more than 500 federal public housing units manage properties according to an asset management model in which the funding, budgeting, accounting, and management systems are conducted on a property-specific level. Recently adopted for federal public housing authorities, asset management is recognized as an effective tool for generating increased efficiency and accountability as well as improved financial and physical performance for individual properties. Some academics and professionals argue that public housing is fundamentally different from the private sector and should not adopt a private sector business practice. The differences cited include unique resident populations (one is high-need, low-income and the other is independent and financially stable) and the objectives of each sector (one is considered a public service and the other is profit-driven). This thesis investigates the models and mechanisms of two asset management models used in the public housing sector in order to best inform the Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development on how to move towards an asset management model for state-aided public housing.
(cont.) First, strategic asset management employed by the social rented sectors of Europe and Australia is driven by four primary characteristics: market-oriented, systematic, comprehensive, and proactive. Second, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's asset management model for federal public housing authorities is technical and process-oriented with a focus on five core reform areas: property-based funding, budgeting, accounting, management, and performance assessment. Each case is informative in creating an asset management model for Massachusetts state-aided public housing that will increase efficiency and accountability, place a focus on property performance, and end the stigma and isolation of public housing.
by Hannah Highton Creeley.
M.C.P.
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Schwartz, Peter Howard. "Accessible and affordable housing--design, marketing, and management concerns of disabled individuals and community development corporations in Massachusetts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70232.
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Anene, Obiora Timothy. "Strategies for Improving and Sustaining Real Estate Development Business Performance in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7586.
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Real estate development (RED) businesses are critical to closing the housing deficit gap in Nigeria. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies that successful business managers used to improve and sustain their business performance in Nigeria. The 7FE business process management framework was the conceptual framework used. Primary research data were collected through semistructured interviews held with a purposive population sample of 5 business managers who successfully improved and sustained their business performance in the Nigeria real estate sector. Secondary data were collected from company and public documents and extant literature. Data were analyzed using computer-aided data analysis software and methodological triangulation. Ten emergent themes were identified: business strategy; commitment to quality and building trust; industry and market research; training and knowledge acquisition; innovation and reward systems; operational effectiveness and project portfolio management; minimizing costs and financial leverage; marketing, promotions, and strategic partnerships; measuring business performance and assessing strategic success; and change management and documenting lessons learned. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to increase the number of sustainable RED businesses in Nigeria, providing more employment, housing for more people, offering better living conditions, improving quality of life, and contributing to both local and national economies.