Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'HOUSING EMERGENCY'
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Konkle, Amy S. "Biblical compassion and the emergency housing of single pregnant women." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1985. http://www.tren.com.
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Cepeda, Rodrigo. "Wood-based 3D printing for space innovation in emergency and social housing production." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43464.
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Since the 1900s, urban population settlements have experienced explosive growth.
To respond to this urban population growth, suburban areas and industrialized housing production were developed. However, today, a series of negative impacts from these solutions has been detected.
While suburban areas create big morphological changes to the city, causing problems of transport, fragmentation, and social connectivity, industrialized prefabrication methods result in a mass repetition of identical houses that elicits social and physiological problems of individuality and community belonging.
The case of Chile is notable because of its 86% urban population and its stable social housing response to homelessness. In addition, the country is subjected to frequent natural disasters, and the government has to respond quickly with emergency and social housing solutions.
However, calls to the attention that being an exporting country of forest products, wood is not considered a building material solution for long-term houses.
This research analyses the historical and current development of emergency and social housing in Chile, the country’s forestry production, and the characteristics of local wood products.
Advantages and disadvantages are examined along with highlighted case studies, and a new emergency and social housing architectural strategy is proposed.
To meet this need for massive emergency and social housing, a flexible, fast, and optimized building system is required.
Digital fabrication technologies are presented as a basis for rethinking mass housing production, focusing on a prefabricated full scale 3D printing process; a parametric manufacturing relationship between structure, thermal performance and material composition is proposed.
In the initial stage with structural simulations, this research explores the optimization possibilities of the architectural elements with the relationship proposed, and suggests possible applications and future developments.
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Tan, de Bibiana Jason. "Housing first and emergency department utilization among homeless individuals with mental illness in Vancouver." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44041.
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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of Housing First at 12 months on emergency department (ED) use among homeless individuals with mental illness in Vancouver.
METHODS: Homeless individuals with mental illness enrolled in the At Home/Chez Soi study were randomly assigned to a Housing First model of housing and support or Usual Care. ED data from St. Paul’s Hospital and Mount Saint Joseph Hospital were linked for 382 participants in Vancouver. Negative binomial regression was used to compare the Rate of Visits and logistic regression was used to compare the Presenting Complaints, Discharge Diagnosis, and Disposition for visits from participants in Housing First or Usual Care.
RESULTS: 60% of all participants visited the ED at least once at 12 months and the annual Rate of Visits was 3.32 (SD=6.21). After adjusting for the baseline rate and other potential confounders, the Rate of Visits at 12 months was 0.66 times less (95% CI: 0.47-0.93) for Housing First participants compared to Usual Care.
For all participants at 12 months, mental health and substance use-related reasons accounted for 30% of Presenting Complaints and 34% of Discharge Diagnoses. The majority of visits (87%) resulted in discharge from the ED, including 9% left against medical advice or without being seen, and 13% resulted in care advance. For Housing First participants compared to Usual Care at 12 months, the odds ratio for a mental health and substance use-related Presenting Complaint (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.64-1.51) or Discharge Diagnosis (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 0.75-1.86) was not statistically significant, nor was the odds ratio for a care advance Disposition (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 0.68-2.15).
CONCLUSION: This study observed lower ED utilization for Housing First, consistent with findings from previous evaluations in other settings, which suggests that this model should be expanded for homeless individuals with mental illness similar to those recruited in this study.
This study also observed that many participants experienced acute mental health issues resulting in visits to the ED, and visited the ED without receiving care, which suggests there are opportunities to improve care for this population in the ED and other settings.
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Orr, Donald Joseph. "The effects of changes to social housing allocation on non-emergency applicants in London." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effects-of-changes-to-social-housing-allocation-on-nonemergency-applicants-in-london(370ecb50-333a-4a83-9d11-85017bc717d4).html.
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Since the 1980’s, investment by the UK government into the construction of new social rented housing has dwindled significantly. As a result of Right to Buy selloffs, the demolition of aging stock, and a relative lack of replacement social new-build, the per capita supply of social rented housing has dropped to a new low. At the same time, demand for these limited properties has risen drastically, particularly in London. What social rented housing resources do remain have also been fragmented between council-administered choice-based lettings schemes and housing association waiting lists. This research has sought to examine the effects of these changes on the lives of people applying to social rented housing using semi-structured interviews with participants from housing association waiting lists. 50 housing applicants were interviewed from across London. Interviews focussed on participants’ housing history, the process and outcomes of their various applications, and the effects of their continued failure to gain entry into social rented housing. Findings indicate participants to be fundamentally ignorant both of the growing scarcity of social rented housing and of the mechanics of its distribution. Many had made maladaptive decisions based on these misunderstandings. The majority of participants were overcrowded, overworked and/or occupying poor housing. Many felt that something had been taken from them, vaguely aware that earlier generations had an easier time accessing “good housing” but unable to explain why that was. Social rented housing in the United Kingdom has changed from a more widely available form of aid to an emergency program rationed only to those who are in emergency need. This would appear to have left vulnerable those who are in non-critical need. The aim of this research has been to explore that vulnerability through narrative.
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Voros, Jamie L. "One size does not fit all : innovation in emergency housing with a focus on Nepal 2015." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106409.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-72).
Abstract Every year millions of people are displaced due to natural disasters and very primitive transitional shelters, or 't-shelters', exist to provide semi-permanent housing. Many t-shelter designs do not cater to all the needs of their inhabitants and are only functional in the short term, often leaving many people relying on t-shelters for housing in an unsafe and unsanitary environment. This thesis addresses the problem of people needing housing and of unsafe transitional housing by presenting a new design process and ultimately a t-shelter design specifically for the victims of the 2015 earthquakes in Nepal in the Kathmandu area. The process involves three key elements; identifying the specific needs of the displaced people, analyzing what materials and labor are available and ensuring that the shelter will be used as intended and therefore remain safe. The resulting shelter design harnesses the structural strength of the geodesic dome, the simplicity of reciprocal joinery and strong yet lightweight nature of bamboo. The effectiveness of the proposed new design process is demonstrated through checking the resulting shelter design meeting measurable outcomes like cost, structural integrity and skill level required to construct.
by Jamie L. Voros.
S.B.
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Terim, Belgin Çıkış Şeniz. "A study on "temporary post disaster housing unit" constructed with -light gauge steelframing-(LGSF) system/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/mimarlik/T000480.pdf.
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Shapiro, Nicholas Edward. "Spaces of uneventful disaster : tracking emergency housing and domestic chemical exposures from New Orleans to national crises." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b42720e6-185b-492b-a83b-aea9de773cd7.
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In this thesis, I examine the politics, poetics, and logics of uneventful human harm in the United States by tracking the life and afterlife of a chemically contaminated emergency housing unit. In 2005, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) deployed 120,000 trailers to the US Gulf Coast to house those displaced by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Chemical testing, spurred by reports of inhabitant illness, revealed elevated levels of formaldehyde emanating from the plywood walls of the trailers. After being reclaimed by the federal government and beginning in 2010, the FEMA trailers were resold at auction to every corner of the country. Resold trailers gravitated to precarious populations at the poles of rural capital accumulation—from oil patches in North Dakota to reservations in Washington. These trailers serve as an exceptional substrate for an investigation into the anatomy of the uneventful as they once approached the apex of eventfulness as a national controversy and now reside in the shadows of the everyday. This thesis apprehends and theorizes these dispersed and ordinary instruments of domestic harm across multiple registers: epistemological, material, spatial, and affective. I examine how failures of matter and meaning shaped and patterned the lives of those who inhabited the FEMA trailers as their lives became framed by chemical off-gassing, architectural insufficiency, material deterioration, and electrical short-circuiting. Crossing scales and venues, I interrogate the modalities of scientific incomprehension that erode the perception, admittance, or substantiation of mass chemical exposure. These technical processes, along with cultural horizons of eventfulness and the chronicity of disaster, foreclosed avenues of toxic harm accountability. These ‘economies of abandonment’ bring into relief the contemporary biopolitical priorities in which the FEMA trailer—an ostensible protection from harm that fosters illness—becomes possible. FEMA trailer residents attend to the minute, gradual, and ongoing symptoms of exposure to discern the reality and magnitude of residential contamination. The body of the exposed becomes both an epistemic instrument and, across time, the means of making low-level, chronic, and cruddy chemical exposures into eventful instances that drive individuals to action.
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Gunnarsson, Emelie, and Robert Andersson. "Underlag för flexibla och hållbara akutbostäder i Sverige." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97645.
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Syftet med examensarbetet är att ta fram ett förslag som är flexibelt, hållbart och kananvändas vid produktion av akutbostäder för hemlösa i Sverige. I vidare studier beaktasmaterial och ytteffektivitet av akutbostäder för strukturellt hemlösa i samhället.Resultatet visar på att en flexibel bostad med smarta servicelösningar kan användas tillmer än bara en akutbostad för hemlösa. Den kan även användas som hyresbostad,seniorboende eller annan typ av boende som behövs för tillfället. Genom intervjuer medfastighetsägare och myndighetspersoner har en kravlista sammanställts baserat på derasarbetserfarenheter. Examensarbetet ger enbart ett förslag som kan användas som underlag vid uppförandet avakutbostäder eftersom inga egna beräkningar har behandlats. För att få ett tillförlitligtresultat bör arkitekter och andra involverade konsulter inom byggbranschen intervjuas.The purpose of this project is to develop a flexible and sustainable proposal forproduction of emergency housing for homeless people in Sweden. This study will alsosuggest what should be considered in terms of materials and solutions in flexible,emergency housing for structurally homeless in society.The result shows that a flexible housing can be used for more than just emergencyhousing for the homeless. It could also be used as rental housing, senior housing or otherhousing needed. Through interviews with property owners and government officials, a listof requirements has been compiled based on their work experience.The thesis can be used as a foundation for further investigation in construction of emergency housing. Architects and other consultants involved in the building industryshould be interviewed to obtain a reliable result.
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Chitela, Yuvaraj R. "Sustainable Ecofriendly Insulation Foams for Disaster Relief Housing." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984180/.
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Natural disasters are affecting a significant number of people around the world. Sheltering is the first step in post-disaster activities towards the normalization of the affected people's lives. Temporary housing is being used in these cases until the construction of permanent houses are done. Disposal of temporary housing after use is leading to a significant environmental impact because most of them are filled with thermally insulative polymer foams that do not degrade in a short period. To reduce these problems this work proposes to use foams made with compostable thermoplastic polylactic acid (PLA) and degradable kenaf core as filler materials; these foams are made using CO2 as blowing agent for insulation purposes.
Foams with PLA and 5%, 10% and 15% kenaf core were tested. Different properties and their relations were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray μ-computed tomography (μ-CT) and building energy simulations were done using Energy Plus by NREL. The results show that mechanical properties are reduced with the introduction of kenaf core reinforcement while thermal conductivity display a noticeable improvement.
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Berglund, Gabriella, and Petra Porthén. "Access to adequate housing - a way out of poverty? : A minor field study of the construction of emergency houses in Peru." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84764.
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Background: The lack of access to adequate housing is a major problem in many developing countries. One of the countries where the housing deficit is a big problem is Peru. The housing deficit in the country can be estimated to more than one million; a number that represents almost 15% of the country’s households. Un Techo Para Mi País (UTPMP) strives to improve this difficult housing situation by constructing emergency houses in the human settlements and thereby improving the situation for the people living in extreme poverty in Peru. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate if the construction of emergency houses could be a means of poverty reduction in Peru. The impact of improved housing conditions on a household’s standard of living and economic situation is evaluated, as well as the results of UTPMP’s activities. Completion: The collection of secondary data took place in Sweden, while the primary data was collected during a two months’ minor field study in Lima, Peru. Interviews with households benefited with an emergency house through UTPMP were conducted and observations were made by participating in UTPMP’s activities. Conclusion: According to the results of our study, the access to adequate housing has had a positive effect on the household’s standard of living, but has left the economic situation unchanged. The type of action taken by UTPMP to alleviate poverty should be considered as an appropriate approach and the construction of emergency houses as a means of poverty reduction in Lima.Bakgrund: Bristen på tillgång till en fullgod bostad är ett stort problem i många utvecklingsländer. Ett av de länder där det råder stor bostadsbrist är Peru. Underskottet på bostäder uppskattas uppgå till mer än en miljon, en siffra som representerar nästan 15% av landets hushåll. Un Techo Para Mi País (UTPMP) strävar efter att förbättra den svåra bostadssituationen genom att konstruera nödbostäder i slumområden och därmed förbättra situationen för de hushåll som lever i extrem fattigdom i Peru. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka om konstruktionen av nödbostäder skulle kunna utgöra ett verktyg för att minska fattigdomen i Peru. Effekten av förbättrade boendeförhållanden på ett hushålls levnadsstandard och ekonomiska situation utvärderas, liksom resultaten av UTPMP:s aktiviteter. Utförande: Insamlingen av sekundärdata genomfördes i Sverige, medan primärdatan samlades in under en två månader lång fältstudie i Lima, Peru. Intervjuer med hushåll som har fått en bostad via UTPMP utfördes, och observationer gjordes genom att delta i UTPMP:s aktiviteter. Slutsats: Resultaten av vår studie visar att tillgången till en fullgod bostad har positiva effekter på ett hushålls levnadsstandard, men att dess ekonomiska situation förblir oförändrad. Den typ av åtgärd utförd av UTPMP bör ses som en lämplig sådan, och konstruktionen av nödbostäder kan betraktas som ett tillvägagångssätt för att minska fattigdomen i Lima.
Antecedentes: La falta de acceso a una vivienda adecuada es un problema grave en muchos países menos desarrollados. Uno de los países donde el déficit habitacional es un gran problema es el Perú. Se puede estimar que dicho déficit asciende a más de un millón, un número que representa casi el 15% de los hogares del país. La organización Un Techo Para Mi País (UTPMP) se esfuerza para mejorar esta situación a través de la construcción de viviendas de emergencia en los asentamientos humanos y de esta manera, mejorar la situación de las personas que viven bajo condiciones de extrema pobreza en el Perú. Objetivo: El propósito del presente estudio es investigar si la construcción de viviendas de emergencia podría ser una medida de reducción de la pobreza en el Perú. El impacto de mejores condiciones de vivienda en la situación de vida y económica del hogar es evaluado, así como los resultados de las actividades del UTPMP. Metodología: La recopilación de datos secundarios se llevó a cabo en Suecia, mientras que los datos primarios fueron obtenidos en Perú durante un estudio de campo de dos meses en Lima. Entrevistas con familias beneficiadas con una casa de emergencia a través del UTPMP fueron realizadas y se hicieron observaciones respectivas al participar en las actividades del UTPMP. Conclusión: Conforme a los resultados de nuestro estudio, el acceso a una vivienda adecuada ha tenido un efecto positivo en el nivel de vida del hogar, pero ha dejado la situación económica sin cambios. El tipo de acción tomada por el UTPMP debe ser considerada como un enfoque apropiado para aliviar la pobreza, y la construcción de viviendas de emergencia como una medida de reducción de la pobreza en Lima.
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Robinson, Geraldine Ann. "The development of housing policy during the second world war : an investigation into the demise of the emergency factory-made house." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400815.
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Brink, Chadernnay. "Moving towards a strategy for the sustainable delivery of emergency housing and temporary residential accommodation in the City of Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13015.
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Includes bibliographical references.This dissertation presents the current reality of a South African city, Cape Town. Based on the literature it has been established that a large proportion of South Africa’s population lives in urban areas. South African cities are centres of opportunities and have the promise of a better life but they are also characterised by marginalisation, poverty and poorly managed urban growth. Informal settlements have become a ubiquitous feature of South Africa’s urban landscape. The combination of poverty, marginality, overcrowding and limited service provision, exposes residents to a range of ongoing hazards, particularly informal dwelling fires which creates an environment prone to risks and can be devastating for affected households. The current response from government has been analysed through the process of interviewing government officials; policy and institutional analysis, is to temporarily house people in Temporary Relocation Areas (TRAs) if affected by a situation that leaves them rendered homeless. It is believed to be an adequate response. However, as the research reveals, this response often exacerbates people’s resilience to deal with the disaster and the accumulation of risks found in informal settlements. Additionally it further places people in a vulnerable situation as Temporary Relocation Areas (TRAs) have limited service provision and are often located in remote areas far from opportunity centres. The intention of the research was to come up with a new strategy to address emergency response in the form of settlement provision for those affected by disasters. It was further discovered that there needs to be a more sustainable approach that would reduce risk accumulation in informal settlements in a proactive manner in order to mitigate the occurrence of disasters and slowly build resilience.
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Cox, Lauren. "Housing status, patient characteristics, and ED utilization associated with medication prescribing at ED discharge among homeless and nonhomeless adults in urban hospitals in the United States." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5570.
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This cross-sectional study used a weighted sample of ED visits contained in the 2010-2015 years of the National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey-Emergency Department (NHAMCS-ED) dataset. The purpose of this study was to: 1) identify differences in predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics, and ED use and medication prescribing characteristics between homeless and nonhomeless ED users; 2) assess the association between housing status and medication prescribing at ED discharge, and identify variables contributing to the disparity in medication prescribing between homeless and nonhomeless ED users; and 3) assess the predisposing, enabling, need, and ED use characteristics that predict medication prescribing at ED discharge among homeless ED users. This research is guided by the Andersen-Gelberg Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations. There were a total of 502,614,359 visits to EDs located within a MSA made by homeless and nonhomeless adults 18 years of age and older. About 0.9% of these visits were made by homeless individuals. Age, mental health diagnosis, substance use diagnosis, primary payer, and patient-reported pain differed significantly between homeless and nonhomeless ED users. A significantly greater proportion of homeless ED users arrived to the ED via ambulance, and was seen in the last 72 hours. Homeless ED users tended to have longer ED visits, and ED disposition differed significantly between homeless and nonhomeless ED users. A significantly smaller proportion of homeless ED users were prescribed a medication at ED discharge, and an opioid medication at ED discharge. There was no difference in the likelihood of medication prescribing at ED discharge between homeless and nonhomeless ED users after controlling for predisposing, enabling, need, and ED use characteristics. ED diagnosis was the greatest contributor to the disparity in medication prescribing at ED discharge between homeless and nonhomeless ED users. Among homeless ED users, visits covered by Medicare and other payers were significantly more likely to result in medication prescribing at ED discharge compared to nonhomeless ED users covered by private insurance. Homeless ED users with no substance use condition diagnosis were significantly more likely to be prescribed a medication at ED discharge compared to those with a substance use condition diagnosis.
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Stránská, Aneta. "Design obydlí pro humanitární účely." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229422.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to create design of home for humanitarian purposes. The dwelling is designed for people who find themselves in emergency situation in which they lose their home. This situation mainly occurs after varies disasters, which are natural or caused by human fault. The dwelling is intended for temporary living for several months in conditions of temperate zone. The most important part of design is the dispositional solution. The layout of rooms and interior equipment create fully functional space. The shape of house is inspired by the pinwheel that is applied mainly on the roof. The rest of the complex is mainly geometrically shaped. It allowed producing particular pieces of building simply with lower financial charges. There is an effort to touch on inhabitants by pleasant and comfortable expression. This is the reason why the yellow color dominate in interior and orange color is ascendant in exterior. There is a possibility to built various number of rooms. This dwelling is demountable, easily transportable and prepared to be built again.
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Henriques, Sofia Ribeiro Tomé. "Arquitetura." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20116.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Interiores e Reabilitação do Edificado apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.O tema do apoio a refugiados tem integrado diversas áreas de investigação, não constituindo a arquitetura uma exceção. De acordo com a Convenção de Genebra de 1951, relativa ao Estatuto de Refugiado, um refugiado é uma pessoa que "receando com razão ser perseguida em virtude da sua raça, religião, nacionalidade, filiação em certo grupo social ou das suas opiniões políticas se encontre fora do país de que tem nacionalidade”. Enfrentando este panorama, interessa compreender e investigar sobre o contributo da arquitetura neste campo de atuação. O Conselho Português para Refugiados é uma organização inspirada numa cultura humanista de tolerância e respeito pela dignidade dos povos, tendo como propósito principal promover uma política de asilo mais humana e liberal, a nível nacional e internacional. Recorrendo à análise desta organização, o objetivo geral desta investigação é compreender o papel da arquitetura como instrumento de valorização dos espaços para a proteção e procura de soluções temporárias para os refugiados. Para o efeito destacou-se o estudo de programas e exigências funcionais que informam a sua conceção arquitetónica, considerando a adaptação/requalificação de equipamentos existentes.
ABSTRACT: The subject of refugee support has integrated several areas of research being architecture not an exception. Accordingly to Refugee Status Geneva Convention of 1951, a refugee is a person who “is rightly feared to be persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a certain social group or political opinion outside its country of birth. “Facing this panorama, it is important to understand and investigate the contribution of architecture in this field. The Portuguese Council for Refugees is an organization inspired by a humanist culture of tolerance and respect for people dignity, with the main purpose of promoting a more humane and liberal asylum policy at both levels national and international. Based on the analysis of this organization, the general objective of this research is to understand the role of architecture as an instrument for valuing spaces for protection for refugees as well as search for temporary solutions for themselves. For this purpose it was highlighted the study of functional programs and requirements that inform its architectural design, considering the adaptation / requalification of existing equipment’s.
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Albert, Steven P. "Supportive Community Housing: Addressing the Emergence of Non-Traditional Households." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1112140212.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2005.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on April 26, 2007). Keywords: supportive community housing; housing for non-traditional families; non-traditional households; multi-family housing; housing design; housing Includes bibliographical references.
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Sackett, William James. "An assessment of Lifeline, a transitional shelter for women and their children." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2239.
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This study was an outcome assessment of how well "Lifeline", a transitional shelter for women and their children, has been fulfilling its stated mission. It was also a program evaluation in terms of learning what former residents of Lifeline think about the quality and the importance of Lifeline's program.
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Taylor, Mary. "Voluntary housing transfer in Scotland a case of policy emergence." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1511.
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This thesis examines the voluntary transfer of housing stock by Scottsh local authorities between 1986 and 1997, under a Conservative Government. The study sought to identify who had transferred what, why and how, employing a multi-theoretical approach and a range of concepts from policy studies to investigate rationaliy and opportunity in policymaking. The study used quantitative methods to define and establish the incidence of transfer, which was found in two forms: as partial transactions, with and without subsidy; and as privately financed disposals of whole stocks. Similar volumes of transactions were found in Scotland as in England, though on different terms and affecting fewer houses. Qualitative methods were used to explore the decisions, actions and capacity of people involved in voluntary sales of tenanted housing to other landlords. Key actors included tenants and community activists, politicians and officials in councils, government departments and agencies. The thesis argues that transfer in Scotland was the product of local responses to two key developments. One was accumulated financial constraints; the other, particularly affecting partial transfer, was the use of financial and organisational incentives, secured with ministerial acquiescence. Although government was ultimately responsible for both developments, it neither planned nor anticipated their consequences; it was often iiprepared to respond to local initiatives, partial and whole; and it failed to understand or monitor the consequences. Most Scottsh councils ignored whole stock transfer in 1996, when it came to be actively promoted by Conservative poliicians. Paradoxically, while organisations representing institutional interests in council housing vocalised opposition to stock disposals, their constituent members took action to transfer ownership, with the conflcting values of local incumbents accommodated by stealth. Transfer was later legally structured, when an afterthought from English legislation accidentally turned power relations upside down, making ministerial consent conditional on demonstrating lack of tenant opposition. Senior officials played a consistently critical role in initiating, brokering, frustrating and nourishing local negotiations. This study demonstrates the particular significance of local action in policy-making, allowing transfer to emerge in response to wider constraints determined at the centre.
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Stockerl, Karin C. "Innovation intermediaries : the emergence of customer-active innovation systems in the British social housing sector." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271746.
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Kalantari, Meisam. "Collapsible Home : Celebrate life again." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Produktutveckling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-29806.
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There has been significant increase in the occurrence of earthquakes and other disasters around the world recently. With record-breaking storms and natural disasters destroying different parts of the world, many people have to deal with the repercussions of the aftermaths; and homelessness is one of the facts of such incidence. This master thesis is aimed at creating living solution for the victims of earthquakes and other kind of disasters; natural or human-made (war), providing accommodation for homeless people after an earthquake or a housing alternative for refugees. The design of the collapsible home is basically a new concept of emergency hut for accommodating people in emergency after the event of disaster with easy assembling and quick installation feature. Considering the situation of homeless people after catastrophic disasters who need to be accommodated, the design and creation of a quick, accommodating and low-cost emergency hut is advantageous. This project also provides a living service for both refugees and homeless people. It is low cost, modular, and easy to use. More than that it is feasible and it makes it possible to accommodate people for a longer period of time, rather than a very short temporary housing solution such as tents.Det har skett en signifikant ökning av jordbävningar och andra katastrofer i världen. Med rekordstora stormar och naturkatastrofer som förstör i delar av världen måste många människor nu hantera efterverkningar och återuppbyggande, och hemlöshet är en av de faktorer som uppstår och som påverkar människor mest. Det här examensarbetet syftar till att skapa en boendelösning för offer för jordbävning och andra naturkatastrofer och krig. Det hopfällbara hemmets design är ett koncept för krisboende med enkelt montage och installering. Om man betänker den situation som människor hamnar i som blir hemlösa vid en katastrof, kan en design av en snabb och billig boendelösning som krisboende ge enormt mycket. Projektet kan också vara en boendeservice till flyktingar och människor som är hemlösa av andra anledningar än katastrofer. Det tillverkas för en låg kostnad och är möjlig att använda som modul och enkel att sätta upp. Men viktigare än det är att den ger möjlighet att härbergera människor under en längre tid till skillnad från mer temporära lösningar som exempelvis tält. Det hopfällbara hemmet är gjort av hållbart material, den använder grön energi och lyser upp staden. Den är utrustad med vertikala trädgårdar för att användarna ska kunna odla egna grönsaker och den återvinner vatten från regn. Den innehåller basala hopfällbara möbler och rumsavdelare som ger känsla av hemtrevnad och bekvämlighet.
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Campos, Patricia Farrielo de. "Light Steel Framing: uso em construções habitacionais empregando a modelagem virtual como processo de projeto e planejamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-11072014-155539/.
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O déficit habitacional brasileiro é cada vez maior e os sistemas construtivos utilizados para diminuir a carência de moradias, em sua grande maioria, são lentos e constituídos de forma artesanal. Atualmente, a região brasileira com maior necessidade de unidades habitacionais de baixa renda é a Sudeste, onde se encontra o Estado de São Paulo que representa 19% do déficit habitacional brasileiro. Além disso, o difícil gerenciamento dos projetos envolvidos na construção (arquitetônico, estrutural, elétrico, entre outros), elaborados em diferentes softwares, e a complexa gestão das obras convencionais, em alvenaria, retarda a execução das construções, dificultando a solução do problema habitacional. A utilização do sistema construtivo industrializado Light Steel Framing pode minimizar esse problema, integrando a industrialização na construção civil com as novas tecnologias da informação disponíveis para o mercado da arquitetura, engenharia e construção. Os sistemas construtivos pré-fabricados e industrializados que utilizam o aço, como o Light Steel Framing, quando projetados em plataformas BIM (Building Information Modeling), através de um modelo informativo único, permitem um maior planejamento, partindo do projeto até a fase de fabricação dos componentes da construção. Em função de sua industrialização o Light Steel Framing não permite adaptações e ajustes no canteiro de obras, solicitando assim mão de obra qualificada para a sua execução. Para minimizar e otimizar a quantidade de materiais empregados em uma construção de Light Steel Framing é sugerida a utilização de malhas modulares com 1200x1200mm. A intenção deste trabalho é, de após uma análise aprofundada sobre o sistema construtivo, demonstrar as possibilidades permitidas pelo Light Steel Framing. Através de simulações, em modelos digitais 3D, realizadas tomando como projeto de estudo um modelo habitacional da CDHU estruturado por painéis-parede cegos e painéis-parede com esquadria foi estudada a implementação do sistema Light Steel Framing com o objetivo de aferir a quantidade de material empregado quando o projeto é concebido com os princípios projetivos do sistema construtivo Light Steel Framing.The housing deficit is growing and the building systems used to reduce the shortage of housing are mostly slow, manual processes. Currently, the Brazilian region with the greatest need for low-income housing units is the Southeast, where the state of São Paulo represents 19% of the Brazilian housing deficit. Furthermore, the difficult management of the projects involved in construction (architectural, structural, electrical, etc.), which are prepared in different software, and the complex management of conventional construction--masonry--slows the building process, aggravating the housing problem. The use of the industrialized building system Light Steel Framing can minimize this problem by incorporating industrialization in construction with the new information technologies available in the market for architecture, engineering and construction. The prefabricated and industrialized building systems which use steel, such as the Light Steel Framing, when designed on BIM (Building Information Modeling) platforms, through a single information model, allow for greater planning, from the design phase to the manufacturing of building components. Due to its industrialization, Light Steel Framing does not allow adaptations and adjustments at the construction site, thus requiring skilled labor for its implementation. To minimize and optimize the amount of materials used in Light Steel Framing construction the use of modular meshes of 1200x1200mm is suggested. The intention of this work is, after a detailed analysis of the constructive system, to demonstrate the possibilities afforded by Light Steel Framing. Through simulations in 3D digital models. using a CDHU housing model with blind wall panels and casing wall panels as a case study, the deployment of Light Steel Framing has been studied with the aim of measuring the amount of material employed when the project is designed with the design principles of the Light Steel Framing construction system.
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Chan, Yik-long Pearl. "The relationship between rent control and the emergence of cage houses in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25940806.
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Noyes, Robyn, and Michelle Guymon. "A constructivist study of the experience of battered women in a shelter setting." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1213.
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Vrantsis, Nikolaos. "The Unsettlement of the Greek Property Regime and the Emergence of Vigilant Violence in Thessaloniki’s West End." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43648.
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The thesis inquires into the entanglement between the unsettlement of the Greek model of social reproduction that heavily relies on self-regulated property ownership and the emergence of vigilant violence on behalf of local property owners against undocumented migrants in the relegated neighborhood of Ksiladika in Thessaloniki’s West End. It probes the extent to which incidents of vigilant violence can be used as indicators of the structural deficiencies in the Greek housing system and property paradigm.
First, the thesis points to the distinct historic trajectory of the Greek housing system and property regime that is carved by a strategy of minimal involvement of state authority since the end of the Greek Civil War (1949). In contrast to the (North) European paradigm, the Greek model of social reproduction is marked by a normalized laissez-faire attitude in the domain of housing and by the hypertrophy of the family institution that emerged as a substitute system of social protection vis- a-vis the atrophy of administration. The thesis then points to a political discourse investing in the figure of the householder, sketched as the ‘normal’ Greek subject par excellence, within which self- government connects up with the imperatives of good government, in times when access to housing has become scarce and social insecurity widespread.
I focus my study on the neighborhood of Ksiladika in Thessaloniki, where as of late a vigilant campaign of evictions of undocumented migrant squatters on behalf of local property holders was launched. I suggest that this campaign of vigilance is not an act of ‘pure racism’ but is linked with the unsettlement of the Greek model of social reproduction, the scarcity of outright homeownership as a resource of symbolic and material value and the particularity of Ksiladika, that is at once a stigmatized neighborhood and a land of promise.
I rely on data collected through micro-ethnographic fieldwork, participant observation and semi-structured interviews with local property holders in Ksiladika. I use the conceptual tools of social space, field of power and symbolic power found in the work of Pierre Bourdieu and Loïc Wacquant, as heuristic tools to identify the significance of property and home ownership in shaping perceptions of local property holders towards their neighborhood and in defining their actions. I present my empirical findings clarifying the diversity of choices, expectations and actions of different actors, active in this propertied field of power in the studied area.
The thesis draws to an end by using the findings from Ksiladika to contribute to a discussion that revolves around Wacquant’s three basic theses on the emergence of advanced urban marginality as an effect of the neoliberal state crafting on a global scale. First, I argue that in regions where the social state was inexistent, the implementation of neoliberal policies did not happen in a way identical to what can be observed in the North and do not entail a reengineering of the state. Then I suggest that Wacquant's schematization of a Janus-like Centaur state that performs liberalism for those at the top of the social scale and punitive paternalism for those at the social bottom immured in precarity does not hold, due to the expanding zone of precarity. Eventually, I suggest that neoliberal governing is not attained merely by the penal apparatus of the neoliberal Leviathan, but via a governing through subjects who internalize the postulates of the entrepreneurial ideology mediated through homeownership in times when the resource is scarce.
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陳亦朗 and Yik-long Pearl Chan. "The relationship between rent control and the emergence of cage housesin Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31256715.
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Lima, Daniela Cunha de. "Credit borrowing constraints in a DSGE framework: income vs. housing." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11637.
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Credit market in Brazil distinguishes from advanced economies in many aspects. One of them is related to collaterals for households borrowing. This work proposes a DSGE framework, based on Gerali et al.(2010), to analyse one pecularity of Brazillian credit market: payroll-deducted personal loans. To original model, we added the possibility to households contract long term debt and compare to differents types of credit constrains: one based on housing and other based on future income. We callibrate and estimate the model to Brazil, using Bayesian technique. Results show that, in a economy where credit constraints are based on income, responses to shocks appear to be stronger, at first, but dissipate faster. This occurs because income responds quickly to shock than housing prices, so does amount available to loans. In order to smooth consumption, agents compensate lower income and borrowing by increasing working hours, restoring loans and debt in a shorter time.
O mercado de crédito brasileiro se diferencia em diversos pontos dos mercados em economias avançadas, com relação à composição do crédito, prazo médio, dentre outros. Uma dessas divergências refere-se ao colateral. Neste sentido, este trabalho propõe um modelo DGSE, com base no arcabouço desenvolvido por Gerali et al. (2010) para analisar uma peculiaridade do mercado de crédito brasileiro, o crédito consignado. Ao modelo original, acrescentamos a possibilidade de indivíduos se endividaram e analisamos dois tipos de restrição ao crédito: uma com base na renda futura esperada outra com base no patrimônio imobiliário do agente. Nós calibramos e estimamos Bayesianamente o modelo para a economia brasileira. Os resultados mostram a reação ao choque na economia cujo crédito se baseia na renda parece ser mais intensa e se dissipar mais rapidamente do que na economia com base em housing. Isso decorre do fato de que a renda responde mais rapidamente a choques do que os preços de imóveis, e, dessa forma, a oferta de crédito consignado também.
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Vamplew, Clive. "Ragworth : the emergence and development of a disadvantaged estate : a study in the residualisation of public sector housing in a de-industrialising conurbation." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5612/.
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The primary objective of this thesis is to explain how a particular council estate in Stockton-on-Tees became run-down and disadvantaged. However, the pursuit of such an explanation demands a historical, social, political and economic perspective embracing the conurbation within which the estate is located. In fact, it is necessary to go beyond the confines of Teesside and take account of national and international processes and forces. With regard to national influences, these have played a crucial role in the urban growth of Stockton and in the progressive diminution of its public housing sector to create an increasingly residualised welfare tenure. Moreover, central mechanisms and decisions taken by international capital have de-industrialised the Teesside conurbation and led to high and long-term unemployment. So disadvantage has increased for this and other reasons, and the minority of the population suffering it are largely housed in council accommodation. Local characteristics and factors also play a crucial part in the way that central forces impact on a locality, mediating and modifying their consequences depending on the particular configuration of industrial, social, etc., features that impart to local areas their unique traditions and identities. Yet, significant as this interaction is between central forces and local factors in creating a poorer stock of council housing and the disadvantaged families who live in it, to explain how and why particular run-down areas arise can also demand a closer focus on individual estates to explore specific causes. A further theme of this study concerns the possibilities and mechanisms of change on disadvantaged estates. One such period of change on Ragworth is examined in the light of before-and-after survey research, as is a new regime of decentralised management which followed. Finally, the effects of current policy initiatives are measured against the immense problems posed by the shifts in the social class structure represented by the growth of disadvantage and the emergence of what has been described as an underclass.
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Jen, Cheng, and 任成. "A Study of the Construction of Emergency Temporary Housing." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42343943724298000883.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
98
Taiwan is located in an area where typhoon and earthquake strike often. Due to global climate change, and extreme rainfall deteriorating, the landscape of this island has been seriously damaged. Lately, lack of soil conservation and negligence of good infrastructure quality, the damages of home, property, and human lives have turned into a regular loss. The Chi-chi earthquake in 1999, and the 88 flooding in 2009 that destroyed whole Shao-ling Village, are still the deeply sorrowful catastrophes memorized by the people of Taiwan. Large quantity of temporary housing shall be provided for survivor’s resettlement when such natural disaster occurs. General speaking, survivors spend 2 to 3 years dwelling in such temporary housings before permanent residence can be rebuilt. The structure of these shelters, their interiors and related facilities, that form the basic condition for years, are important to those users that suffer tremendous physical and psychological harm. This study, aiming at two major disasters mentioned above, compare different kinds of temporary housings. Provided by three different sources, local charity organizations, Japan government, and Taiwan Red Cross Organization, that assemble shelters donated by PRC government. By comparison of these three temporary housings, this study focuses on proposing design guideline for a more economical, more easily constructive, and more comfortable structure that can be built. The methodologies used in this thesis, are Information Collection Method, Field Investigation Method and Comparison and Analysis Method. The records of 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake, published by Prefab Association, with specification and design drawings, provided the basic information for this study. My experience of the temporary housing construction for the Shao-lin villagers, who survivor in the 88 flooding, will also form a part of this study. The thesis, that compare and analyze these three different kinds of temporary housings, deliberates the physical, and architectural performance items, looks for resolution to improve the system. Within the field investigation, different assembly methods of Chinese teams and local teams were observed and recorded. These influence factors, those relate to the working habit and the workmanship to build temporary housing, were obtained. The data help to outline the methods for building a better quality, speedy constructed housings. The thesis proposes supports, by comparison and analysis, a guideline for the emergency housing requirement of Taiwan. This thesis looks for providing adequate reference to related parties, that a more efficient means of building temporary housing, can be adopted when serious natural disaster occurs.
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Szu-WenWang and 王思文. "Spatial design development and fire emergency evacuation performance of senior housing." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bx544h.
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碩士國立成功大學
土木工程學系
103
Because the elderly population is increasing, many senior housings in Taiwan have been fully booked. When the demand of senior housing is greater than supply, how to build an senior housing which meets the needs of the elderly is important. In this thesis, fire emergency evacuation analysis is based on PyroSim which is a graphical user interface for the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). At first, the space allocation refers to other elderly housings’ data. Second, the Net Present Value ( NPV ) and Internal rate of return ( IRR ) come from the financial feasibility analysis, and these two numbers can determine this design is feasible or not. Finally, change the doors’ location and add smoke windows in the fire emergency evacuation analysis. The results show that when doors and windows are closed and smoke windows are open, the smoke can be controlled in a room. So when people are in fire emergency evacuation, the safety is enhancing.
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MONTELLA, ILARIA. "Emergenza abitativa e requisiti minimi per l’accoglienza: contributo alla strategia di resilienza." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1079391.
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La crescente pressione demografica e l’inurbamento massivo nelle metropoli, determinano un disagio abitativo costante che impatta sui contesti urbani ambìti da un grande segmento di popolazione che, per varie ragioni, e a causa di condizioni economiche precarie, non ha accesso al mercato immobiliare, neanche in affitto, ed è alla ricerca di condizioni migliori e di una casa.
Il riferimento è ai migranti, a chi è in condizioni di disagio economico improvviso, a coloro che, già in lista d’attesa per la casa popolare, o non ancora iscritti in essa, non hanno accesso ad un alloggio.
In assenza di risposte rapide della programmazione urbanistica tradizionale, l’emergenza abitativa pone la popolazione in condizioni precarie e si traduce in risposte autogestite e informali che diventano, a loro volta, emergenza.
Si richiede al sistema città, e a tutti i suoi sottosistemi, di essere resiliente alle condizioni mutevoli, di fronteggiare lo stress dell’emergenza improvvisa e cronica pur preservando la stabilità, attraverso la pianificazione preventiva di risposte abitative, rapide e a basso costo, che esulino da soluzioni emergenziali e dall’abuso di suolo.
Considerando la resilienza come sommatoria di processi coordinati che abbiano la ricaduta di aumentare l’adattamento della città e dei suoi abitanti, la ricerca indaga su che apporto possa dare l’architettura al framework di resilienza e se esistano caratteri connotanti - tecnologici, tipologici, funzionali, procedurali - per modelli abitativi minimi ed essenziali che, se applicati in via preventiva fin dalla fase progettuale, possano contribuire, seppur in modo indiretto, alla resilienza complessiva del sistema urbano coadiuvandone risposte rapide, adattive, dal basso costo di costruzione, gestione, manutenzione, dal basso dispendio energetico e di risorse.
Pensare alla resilienza come caratteristica presente in nuce in molti ambiti, ma codificata in pochi, ha indotto a strutturare una metodologia complessa che, attraverso selezione e analisi di Casi di Studio (scelti tra progetti di cooperazione Stato-abitanti per la prevenzione di insediamenti informali), e attraverso l’analisi di aspetti tipologici degli insediamenti informali (ex-novo oppure di occupazione informale di edifici esistenti, intesi come fonte di informazioni esigenziali perché risposte pratiche dell’utente ad un’esigenza), ha portato alla deduzione di best-practices, generalizzabili e replicabili, e alla definizione di un profilo esigenziale specifico dell’utente. Ad esso, assumendo come riferimento il meta-progetto, è seguita la deduzione di requisiti connotanti e la redazione di un “Framework di indicazioni tecniche di una risposta abitativa essenziale, di nuova costruzione e di natura temporanea”, strutturato in “Schede Tecniche per la Progettazione”, contenente indicazioni progettuali e procedurali, e volto ad essere di ausilio a tutti gli attori coinvolti nei processi progettuali, perché abbiano essi esiti resilienti.
ENGLISH Strong population pressure and massive urbanization in megacities cause constant housing problems, which have an impact on the urban contexts desired by a large segment of the population which, due to various reasons and because of precarious economic conditions, does not have access to the property market, not even the rental one, and is therefore seeking better conditions and a home.
The reference is to those who do not have access to housing, including migrants, those who find themselves in sudden financial hardship and those who are already on the waiting list for public housing or not yet enrolled on it.
Without the quick response of traditional urban planning, the housing crisis puts the population in precarious conditions, which result in self-managed and informal responses that, in turn, become an emergency.
The city system, as well as all its subsystems, must be resilient to the changing conditions. It must face the constant stress of the sudden and chronic emergency, while preserving stability, through advance planning of housing responses that are fast and low cost and go beyond emergency solutions.
Considering resilience as the sum of coordinated processes which have the consequence of increasing the adaptation of the city and its inhabitants, the study investigates what contribution architecture might make to the framework of resilience and if there are distinguishing characteristics — technological, typological, functional, procedural — for minimum and essential housing models, which, if applied on a preventive basis at the design stage, could contribute, albeit indirectly, to the overall resilience of the urban system, cooperating for quick, adaptive responses at a low cost for construction, management, maintenance and low consumption of energy and resources.
Thinking of resilience as a feature present in many areas, but encoded in few, has led to structuring a complex methodology which, through the analysis of Case Studies (chosen from state-inhabitant cooperation projects for the informal settlements prevention) and through the analysis of the informal settlements typological aspects (such as the user’s practical responses to a need), has led to the definition of a user-specific needs profile. This, assuming as reference the metadesign, is followed by the specific requirements definition and the drafting of a “Framework of technical indications for essential, new and temporary housing construction”, structured into “Technical Sheets for the Design”, and aimed at being of help to all those involved in resilient design processes."
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ŠTĚRBOVÁ, Lada. "Rodiny v nepříznivé životní situaci - jejich migrace v rámci azylových domů." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376645.
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The topic concerns families that were not lucky enough to live in their own house or apartment. It concerns families that, for various reasons, lost their house or apartment. They were moved out from rented flats, lodging houses, or their treaty on providing social service in another emergency shelter was terminated. In some cases, a family is not able to find a new house or apartment in time. These families then take advantage of emergency shelters. The purpose of this service is to mitigate or prevent social exclusion of people in such a situation where they lost their house or apartment. It is a resident service that provides people with no shelter a temporary place to stay. The final thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part consists of five subchapters dealing with the chosen issues. The beginning of the practical part defines the goals of the final thesis. The aim of this thesis was to map reasons for which families in an adverse life situation find it difficult to find a new house or apartment. Qualitative research and half-structured interview were chosen to find out the necessary information. The research was conducted in emergency shelters for families with children in the South Bohemian region. Seven communication partners took part in the survey. The method of open coding was used to evaluate the data. The results of the conducted survey show that there are several reasons for which families in an adverse life situation find it difficult to find a new house or apartment. The most frequent reason the communication partners mentioned was being a part of the Roma minority. Other reasons mentioned were a high number and the age of children in the family and the prejudice of the flat owners. Another issue that is hard to resolve is the lack of money to pay the deposit that flat owners require before renting a flat. This final thesis emphasises the need to adopt a law on social housing that should help to solve the flat situation of families in an adverse life situation.
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Reid, Megan Kelly 1981. "A disaster on top of a disaster : how gender, race, and class shaped the housing experiences of displaced Hurricane Katrina survivors." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-2926.
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In this dissertation project, I examine the experiences of displaced Hurricane Katrina survivors in the context of post-disaster housing policies and practices. This research is based on two years of in-depth interviews with Katrina survivors who were displaced to Austin, Texas. I analyze these interviews to understand the raced, classed, and gendered implications of post-disaster housing policies and to consider what these implications reveal about the relationship between social policies, housing, and social inequality more broadly. This project is informed by an intersectional understanding of social stratification systems and inequalities and a critical analysis of neoliberal social policy. First, I outline the gender, family, and class ideologies embedded in government-run post-Katrina housing policies and practices, and show how they specifically disadvantaged people who did not conform to them. I identify temporal domination as a specific aspect of class oppression evident in respondents’ experiences with the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) rental assistance programs. Next, I specifically examine respondents’ experiences settling into their new neighborhoods and searching for jobs. I found that many black survivors ended up in segregated remote areas of the city, far from jobs and public transportation. Their job searching experiences suggest that employers used racist stereotypes about Latino workers to coerce them to work for low wages. This reveals the complex and interrelated racial dynamics of low-wage urban housing and labor markets. Finally, I explore how survivors got by in the face of such difficult and in some cases dire circumstances. One primary way survivors coped with the uncertainty caused by their displacement was relying on their social networks. While women tended to depend on adult child - parent and other familial relationships, men tended to distance themselves from the potential support of their mothers and other relatives. Respondents also constructed fictive kin relationships to provide support to others, sometimes for the explicit purpose of ensuring one or both members of the relationship had access to stable housing. This reveals how both gender and family relationships can shape disaster recovery and everyday experiences of poverty. Overall, this project contributes to the study of race/class/gender inequality, social policy, housing, and disaster recovery.text
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Franquinis, Christian da Costa. "Arquitectura em situações de emergência: contributos para a criação e o uso de abrigos." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/9234.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação: Clara GonçalvesA presente dissertação aborda, no âmbito da arquitectura de emergência, soluções de abrigos temporários e respectivos aspectos ligados quer à sua criação (concepção e produção) quer ao seu uso (implantação, montagem desmontagem e utilização/habitação). O trabalho estrutura-se em duas partes: uma primeira onde se abordam questões relacionadas com a criação de abrigos, analisando aspectos que são determinantes quer para uma correcta concepção e uma eficiente produção quer para uma optimização do uso; a segunda parte é dedicada aos casos de estudo. Na primeira parte distinguiram-se os aspectos de carácter geral (considerando o abrigo num contexto abstracto) dos aspectos de carácter local (considerando o abrigo num contexto específico). Os casos de estudo foram elencados segundo o critério do seu propósito ser ou não, à partida, específico para situações de emergência. Apresenta-se, no final um texto-síntese e um quadro onde se sistematiza a informação investigada, relacionando os diversos aspectos condicionantes da criação de abrigos com as diferentes soluções concretas. Foram objectivos deste trabalho, identificar, enquadrar, caracterizar, organizar e instrumentalizar a informação referente às diferentes soluções elencadas. Propõe-se ser útil na criação de novas soluções de abrigos temporários e servir como elemento de consulta em caso de ocorrência de uma catástrofe após a qual seja necessário criar alojamento de emergência. A sua utilidade visa também situações de carência e respectiva urgência de alojamento, ainda que não decorrentes da ocorrência de catástrofes.
In the context of Arquitecture of Emergency, the following dissertation aims to approach solutions for temporary shelters and aspects relating their creation (conception and production) and use (implementation, assembly/dismount and housing/usage). The work is divided into two main parts: the first addressing issues related to the creation of shelters, considering intrinsic aspects crucial to their correct conception, more efficient production and optimal usage; the second part is dedicated to case studies. In the first part, a distinction was made between general aspects (shelters in an abstract context) and local aspects (shelters in an abstract context). Case studies were listed by their requirements being whether or not specific to emergency situations. This work aimed to identify, place, characterize, organize and instrumentalize information related to the different listed solutions. Its purpose is to be of use in the creation of new temporary shelter solutions and to be used as a reference list in the event of a major disaster after which emergency housing would be necessary. It also centers deprivation and emergency housing situations, even if not resulting from a major disaster.
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Leong, Terence. "Cities of refuge: the emergence of temporal urbanism." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/7302.
Full textAbstract:
In the era of globalisation we are required to negotiate a large series of global flows. These include the flow
of capital ideas, imagery, goods and people. Contemporary culture has increasingly become nomadic,
and the idea of place has become transitive. This condition stands in contradiction to the time-honoured
notion of the city as a stable entity. Whether brought about by natural catastrophe or initiated by choice,
instant cities emerge, only to disappear again just as rapidly. This has given rise to new terms such as
relief urbanism, deadline urbanism or event urbanism. This shift from notions of fixed locality to temporary
accommodation for mass migration requires equivalent forms of flexibility in planning. (Weiss 2007:3)
This thesis will focus on the particular flow within this contemporary situation which has
the biggest implication for architecture, namely the movement of people. Since the world
war, migrancy has rapidly become more global in scope and scale with there being more
mobility than any other period in history. (Cairns 2004:3) Contemporary migrancy involves
the movement of immigrants, emigrants, guest workers, refugees and asylum seekers.
The effects of migrancy are also being more intensely felt and widespread than ever before. Nowhere
are the impacts more evident than in Africa where the movement of people as a result of war, poverty
and persecution are central to the continent’s economics and politics. While migrancy is rapidly
transforming Africa the region lacks the capacity to understand and manage these movements.
(Forced Migration Studies Programme 2008) So the focus of this thesis will be on refugees and asylum
seekers seeking refuge in South Africa and the impacts it is having on displaced people themselves and
the local population made terrifyingly manifest in the recent Xenophobic attacks plaguing the country.
Following a discussion of the many problems faced by refugees and the root causes of the Xenophobic
attacks in Johannesburg this thesis will look at the alleviation of some of these problems culminating
in the design of a Prefabricated Housing Prototype and System which can be implemented in a
combination of contexts. The system will be developed using 3 test studies. The first will be as an
infill project in an dense urban context providing cheap rental unit options for the urban poor including
South African low income earners and refugees in the inner city, the second will be a housing model
for upgrading stable South African informal settlements and the third as an alternative Refugee camp
in an emergency or cross border context. It will examine the role of architecture as a means to
sustain dignity and create a sense of belonging for people with very few social connections. The
facility will aim to help people regain control of their lives by helping them to contribute to the market
economy. It will also aim to be an architecture that is against alienation and will facilitate healing.
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Chuang, Yu-Chen, and 莊淯琛. "After Bachimen: The Mutual Emergence of Public Housing and Urban Niyaro'&apos." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n6vq63.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
人類學研究所
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My thesis focuses on Haibing public housing and the Pancah/Amis live there, revealing the social relations the inhabitants co-constructed with the material factors of the public housing. Indigenous people from eastern Taiwan have moved to urban areas in northern Taiwan since 1960s. Some of the Pangcah/Amis occupied the land on Bachimen, the peripheries of Keelung. With years of eviction and negotiation, residents reached an agreement on public housing project with the city government. Haibing public housing was completed in 1995, and most of the former residents moved in to the five-story apartments. Haibing public houing was born under different structural and institutional powers, including urban planning, public housing policy, and the governance on indegenious people. I focus on how these powers enact in substantial places. I analyze how the materialities of Haibing public housing was interwiving in the new social relations and the imaginaries of communities in three different aspects. First, I focus on households and the socio-materiality of home. Second, I analyze the heterogeneous network of human and non-human, which developed out from the planting/gathering patches around the public housing. Lastly, I focus on the urban illisin as a process of the production of locality, discussing the emergence of the imaginary of the community of "urban niyaro." With the results above, I argue that the material, spatial and institutional changes of public housing was interwiving and co-constructing with the social relations of the residents.
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Fuller, Kimberly Jane. "PLANNING FOR EMERGENCE: AN INFORMAL INTERVENTION ON THE OKANAGAN LAKE." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/13152.
Full textAbstract:
Entering the informal domain may be considered contrary to a formal understanding of
architecture yet it is within this context that many architectural strategies are being resolved.
Unbound by law and tradition, informal settlements allow for creative solutions that would
otherwise not be explored. Such unconventional solutions speak to the discourse of
architecture and planning, challenging ideas of public space and private ownership. The
goal of this thesis is to investigate how public space is achieved in established informal
houseboat communities using off-grid systems and salvaged material. An investigation
of the houseboat community in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories and the Narrow boats in
London, England are case studies in this process. This thesis seeks to identify how the city
of West Kelowna, the Westbank First Nation and the Central Okanagan Regional District
of British Columbia can be agents of an informal intervention on the Okanagan Lake in
British Columbia.
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Lança, Daniel Alexandre de Oliveira. "Catástrofe em Lisboa: o sismo do séc. XXI: habitações provisórias na freguesia da Penha de França." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/6938.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação: João Manuel Barbosa Menezes de SequeiraAs catástrofes naturais, desde sempre presentes na história do nosso planeta, têm vindo a merecer cada vez mais um lugar de destaque e preocupação a nível mundial. A densificação populacional das áreas urbanas tem vindo a aumentar bastante. Este facto, aliado à concentração de grande parte das actividades socioeconómicas e políticoadministrativas nas mesmas, provoca o aumento exponencial dos níveis de risco. Centrando-se na questão da sismicidade, a presente dissertação enquadra a situação de Portugal Continental na tectónica de placas, revelando a extrema importância da temática para o país. Através de um estudo de contextualização foi possível aferir que Portugal se encontra ameaçado por uma significativa perigosidade sísmica, ficando apenas como incerteza o momento em que acontecerá uma calamidade desta natureza. No presente documento será feita uma suposição do acontecimento de uma catástrofe sísmica com grandes repercussões no continente português, à semelhança do trágico evento que decorreu em 1755. Considerando a importância das acções de ajuda humanitária que devem ser tomadas após um desastre desta dimensão, a presença de profissionais da arquitectura nesta matéria é ainda insuficiente. As apetências e os conhecimentos adquiridos aquando da formação e experiência dos arquitectos também deverão ser canalizadas para estas temáticas. O envolvimento da classe neste papel torna possível a concepção e/ou planeamento de habitações temporárias com maior grau de qualidade e dignidade, sendo estas fundamentais para uma melhor recuperação dos indivíduos lesados. A presente dissertação tem como objectivo não só sublinhar a importância da temática no campo arquitectónico, como também apresenta uma proposta de um conjunto de habitações de carácter efémero, destinadas a alojar alguns dos indivíduos que veriam as suas residências reduzidas a toneladas de escombros.
Natural disasters, present in the history of our planet since always, have been deserving more and more a notorious place and preoccupation worldwide. Density of population in the urban areas has been increasing a lot. This fact, allied with the concentration of great part of socioeconomic and politico-administrative activities in these areas, stimulates the exponential increase of risk levels. Centering in the seismicity question, the present dissertation frames the situation of continental Portugal in the tectonics matter, revealing the extreme importance of the thematic for the country. Through a contextualization study, it was possible to assess that Portugal is threatened by a significant seismic dangerosity, taking only as uncertain the moment of when a calamity of this nature could happen. In the present document, it will be assumed the happening of a seismic catastrophe with great repercussions in the Portuguese continent, in resemblance of the tragic event of 1755. Considering the importance of humanitarian help actions which should be taken after a disaster of this dimension, the presence of architecture professionals in this matter is still insufficient. The appetence and knowledge acquired in the formation and practice of the architects should be channeled for this thematic. The enrollment of the class in this matter makes possible the conception and/or planning of temporary habitation with a higher level of quality and dignity, which are fundamental characteristics to a better recovery of the harmed (injured) individuals. The present dissertation has the objective to, not only highlight the importance of the theme in the architectural field but, present a proposal of a habitation aggregate of ephemeral character, destined to hosting some of the individuals who may see their (previous) residences reduced to tons of wreckage.