Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Housing – Economic aspects – Australia'
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Stewart, Geoff D. "Welfare aspects of commercial poultry housing in Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18975.pdf.
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Stapledon, Nigel David Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Long term housing prices in Australia and some economic perspectives." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Economics, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/29488.
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This thesis constructs, principally from primary sources, a long term time series for house and land prices for Sydney and Melbourne, and house price and rental yield series for Australia. These new series span the period 1880-1965 and give an historical perspective beyond the period from 1970 for which existing house price time series begin for Australia and for most of the world. The price series indicates that the modern experience (i.e. since the 1970s) of a significant upward trend in real prices differs markedly from the experience in the first half of the 20th century when house prices moved very little. The thesis then takes several approaches to explaining the apparent shift in direction in the mid 20th century. The first approach examines house prices in terms of demand and supply variables. Urban theory says that demographic and income factors are critical. However, assessed over this long time span, these demand factors do not offer a satisfactory explanation. Additionally, it is found that there is no cointegrating relationship between prices and income. Rather, it appears that supply factors have probably been the pivotal influence in explaining the shift in direction, consistent with a growing literature which focuses on the role of regulation and other constraints on supply. In Australia???s case, government policies imposing capital contributions on the cost of land appear to be a major factor. The second approach taken is to view housing in terms of asset pricing as more typically applied to the equity market by Campbell and Shiller (1988) and others. A central debate is whether or not there has been a structural fall in the equity yield and given the parallel fall in the house yield, this question is posed for housing. The thesis finds that tax and other factors can explain a structural decline in the housing yield. The house rental yield appears to be a better predictor of future rental growth and a negative predictor of future returns.
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Шкарупа, Олена Василівна, Елена Васильевна Шкарупа, Olena Vasylivna Shkarupa, and V. V. Parkhomenko. "Economic aspects of energy saving in the housing complex." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8315.
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Identifying the main problems in the country's housing stock, possibly the introduction of energy saving measures to achieve budgetary savings and to ensure the necessary level of comfort of living.
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Adams, Junay. "Economic empowerment of housing beneficiaries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52813.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A premise of this thesis is that too much emphasis is still placed on dealing with the crisis of housing provision, rather than planning for housing development in South Africa. Little consideration is given to the economic improvement of the housing beneficiaries. The following research question was posed: What can and should be done in order for housing beneficiaries to become economically empowered? Government has the obligation to enhance and maintain the personal social welfare of its inhabitants. Housing is part of a package of social welfare services that includes physical health as well as the incorporeal element within a human being. Housing is also a process of how people came to be housed, starting at the moment when they first apply for a house. Economic empowerment should be linked to the four dimensions of development, i.e. equity, capacity-building, participation, self-reliance. Equity leads to economic empowerment by providing equal access to economic opportunities. capacity-building has aspects of developing skills, providing access to, and establishing supportive structures for economic empowerment. Participation is concerned with achieving power to influence decisions. Finally, self-reliance is linked to economic empowerment because it refers to the ability of people to produce most of its basic needs as well as producing surpluses with which to trade for those commodities and services which it does not produce efficiently itself (Burkey, 1993:51). Economic empowerment of housing beneficiaries implies a micro, individual level focus of economic development. According to Gildenhuys (1993:26) economic welfare refers to the development of the economic and material welfare and prosperity of the individual. Apart from a micro focus, a multi-objective focus is required for sustainability. According to Dalal-Clayton and Bass (2000:12), sustainable development entails balancing economic, social and environmental objectives. Finally, there are two dimensions to economic empowerment, namely, empowerment of the housing beneficiaries, as well as empowerment of development facilitators. Evidence of shortcomings of development projects relating to economic empowerment was provided in this thesis by means of applying the findings of an empirical research project in Wesbank to economic empowerment. The research explored the management processes that were implemented that eventually resulted in outcomes not being desirable. It was explained that the initial "scattering" of opportunities to emerging contractors was not part of a concerted approach for the primary beneficiaries to become economically empowered. This housing development project did not only fail to ensure economic empowerment, but also denied the housing beneficiaries what little economic activity they were involved in prior to the move. The Wesbank evidence was also linked to the views and findings of various authoritative sources that confirmed that government development projects in general, have an unfortunate track record when it comes to economic empowerment of so-called beneficiaries. Two case studies from the United States were used to illustrate that integrated development provides the context for the economic empowerment of housing beneficiaries. Four economic development foci then provided the framework within which solutions were formulated: residential dispersal and mobility, enhancing the capacity of housing beneficiaries, investing in economic empowerment of women, and changing the mindset of the developers. This framework embodies the how of economic empowerment of housing beneficiaries.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Aanname van hierdie tesis is dat te veel klem steeds geplaas word op die hantering van krisisse t.o.v behuisingsvoorsiening, eerder as beplanning vir behuisingsontwikkeling, met min inagneming vir ekonomiese bemagtiging van behuisingsbegunstigdes. Die volgende navorsingsvraag word gestel: Wat kan en moet gedoen word ten einde ekonomiese bemagtiging vir behuisingsbegunstigdes te bewerkstellig? Regerings het 'n plig om die persoonlike sosiale welsyn van landsinwoners te bevorder en te handhaaf. Behuising is deel van 'n pakket van sosiale welsynsdienste wat fisiese gesondheid sowel as die psigiese element van mens wees insluit. Behuising is ook 'n proses wat begin die oomblik wanneer 'n persoon die eerste keer aansoek doen vir 'n huis. Ekonomiese bemagtiging moet gekoppel word aan die vier dimensies van ontwikkeling, naamlik gelykheid, kapasiteitsbou, deelname, en onafhanklikheid. Gelykheid lei tot ekonomiese bemagtiging deurdat dit gelyke toegang tot ekonomiese geleenthede bevorder. Kapasiteitsbou sluit in ontwikkeling van vaardighede, verskaffing van toegang, en die oprig van ondersteunende strukture vir ekonomiese bemagtiging. Deelname bevorder die toename in mag om besluite te beïnvloed. Onafhanklikheid word gekoppel aan ekonomiese bemagtiging omdat dit verwys na die vermoë van mense om self in die meeste van hul basiese behoeftes te voorsien. Ekonomiese bemagtiging van behuisingsbegunstigdes impliseer 'n mikro, individuele vlak fokus op ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Volgens Gildenhuys (1993:26) verwys ekonomiese welvaart na die ontwikkeling van die ekonomiese en materiële welvaart en vooruitstrewendheid van die individu. Behalwe 'n mikro fokus, is 'n multi-doelwit fokus ook noodsaaklik vir volhoubaarheid. Volhoubare ontwikkeling behels die balansering van ekonomiese, sosiale en omgewings doelwitte. Daar is twee dimensies van ekonomiese bemagtiging, naamlik bemagtiging van die behuisingsbegunstigdes, sowel as bemagtiging van ontwikkelingsfasiliteerders. Bewyse van tekortkominge in ontwikkelingsprojekte aangaande ekonomiese bemagtiging word voorsien d.m.v die toepassing van bevindinge van 'n empiriese navorsingsprojek in Wesbank op ekonomiese bemagtiging. Die navorsing het die bestuursprosesse ondersoek wat gevolg was in die projek en uiteindelik ook veroorsaak het dat die uitkomste onwenslik was. Die aanvanklike verspreiding van geleenthede teenoor opkomende kontrakteurs was nie deel van 'n gefokusde plan vir die primêre begunstigdes om ekonomies bemagtig te word nie. Die behuisingsprojek het nie net daarin gefaal om ekonomiese bemagtiging te bewerkstellig nie, maar het ook die bietjie ekonomiese aktiwiteit waarin begunstigdes betrokke was voor die skuif na Wesbank, weggeneem. Die bewyse in Wesbank word ook gekoppel aan die sieninge en bevindinge van verskeie gesaghebbende bronne wat bevestig dat regeringsontwikkelingsprojekte oor die algemeen 'n swak rekord het wat betref ekonomiese bemagtiging van sogenaamde begunstigdes. Twee gevallestudies van die VSA is na verwys om te illustreer dat geïntegreerde ontwikkeling die konteks verskaf vir ekonomiese bemagtiging van behuisings begunstigdes. Vier ekonomiese bemagtiging fokus areas verskaf 'n raamwerk waarin oplossings geformuleer is: verspreiding en mobiliteit, verbetering van kapasiteit van begunstigdes, ekonomiese bemagtiging van vroue, en verandering van die denkpatroon van ontwikkelingsfasiliteerders. Hierdie raamwerk stel voor die hoe van ekonomiese bemagtiging van behuisingsbegunstigdes.
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Blomé, Gunnar. "Organizational and economic aspects of housing management in deprived areas." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48616.
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This dissertation consists of five papers with different objectives. The overall objective is to improve knowledge of effective policies regarding socially deprived large housing estates. All studies deal with the real estate context from a housing company decision-making perspective. The first two papers focus on organisational issues and the following three papers deal with economic issues related to the development of a specific housing area. The research is based on case studies which involve specific methodologies such as interviews, direct observation and collecting data from company accounts. The main message of this thesis is that landlord policies and resources spent on operation and maintenance contribute to local area development. It is also underlined that there is a need for a paradigm shift in Swedish housing, since the regulatory framework appeared to be inadequate. The experience from this study shows that many problems can be solved within the existing laws and through efficient customised property management, but landlords need more effective incentives to improve their policies further. The first two papers address issues about how to organise local management resources in large housing estates. Three different functions were identified: customer service, (e.g. fault-reporting); the letting process; and caretaking (day-to-day management and control over indoor and outdoor areas). The models where more decisions are decentralised lead to better information about the local conditions, make it easier to coordinate work in an area, create more motivation for the staff and make it easier to involve the tenants. This was particularly valuable for socially deprived estates, but the decentralised model raised some moral hazard problems, e.g. the local team create their own agenda, are pressured by certain tenants to give them advantages and that the result is lack of control and consistent housing policy in the company. The third paper deals with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in housing management. Different types of costs are identified and related to the estates’ social condition. The results indicate that a CSR-based management policy leads to approximately 4.5 percent lower annual operation and maintenance costs which improved the company’s profitability, especially if the higher standard of maintenance, made higher rents possible. The study also identified three other benefits of CSR; improved tenant relationship, goodwill and business opportunities and the study is a first step towards a better understanding of the economic consequences of CSR in a real estate-context. The fourth paper analyses the return of the Swedish slumlords, with a focus on a specific area in Malmö. The tenants stayed even though the rent was higher and the quality was lower than in neighbouring areas because of a combination of three factors; rents were paid by different forms of welfare payment, lack of alternatives because of queues to other areas and because some tenants saw an advantage in the “no questions” asked policy that the slumlord followed. It is further argued that the property owners found this slum strategy as profitable either because they hoped to find a “bigger fool” to sell to or because the decision makers in the company had not invested their own money. The study concludes that both tenants and investors were in the end losers, but not the company managers.The fifth paper is an economic evaluation of renovation in socially deprived housing estates. The empirical data indicates that it is profitable to use a clear and active housing management strategy, especially if the rent levels are affected by the standard of management by the landlord. The results also show that the landlord’s policy had positive social effects, both in the form of tenant welfare and in the form of lower costs for Police and the Fire department. The study also indicates that it can be difficult to justify large scale investment purely from a business perspective.QC 20111122
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Cheah, Shing-wai Terry, and 謝盛威. "Housing demand analysis: a case study of HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259340.
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Zhang, Yu Mei. "An analysis of the relationship between the housing reform programme and housing industry development in China." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/647.
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The purpose of this study was to establish a common understanding of the implementation of urban housing reform in China and to examine the trends in housing development in China and its relationship with the national economy. The crucial role of the Chinese government in the development of housing, the necessity of government intervention in China and whether it should be involved in housing development at all, were also explored in this study. In order to achieve the aims and objectives of this study, it was necessary to analyse the success and failure of the urban housing reform implemented in a particular period in China, and to investigate the challenges and problems existing in housing development. As regards the significant contribution of the housing development to the national economy, Rostow’s stages of economic growth were used to investigate the relationship between the housing industry and the national economy in China. This model shows that the housing industry could become a leading sector in the Chinese national economy. The housing industry in China has not yet reached maturity, and direct regulation by government is still necessary. In an attempt to address the research problem and to fulfil the research objectives, an in-depth and comprehensive literature study was undertaken to provide a basic framework and conceptualization of the housing industry in China. The international scope of the findings, as well as the insights that were gained through the study, contributed largely to solving the identified research problems. The normative and positive nature of the study made it possible to recommend solutions for the problems in the development of housing in China. iv Recommendations were made with regard to sustainable and healthy strategies, regulatory instruments, housing finance, and the utilization of lightweight materials in housing development in China. Although Rostow’s model is one of the more structuralist models of economic growth, it de-emphasizes any differences in how leading sectors develop in free and controlled markets. However, Rostow’s consideration of non-western cases such as China show that, to some extent, modernization can be achieved in different ways, through a free market or controlled economic means, and still fit into his model.
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Gendy, Ibrahim Abs el Aziz. "Economic aspects of houses and housing in Roman Egypt in Roman Egypt." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284513.
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Cheung, Tat-ming Stephen, and 張達明. "The comparison between the 'Market Housing Model' and the 'Social Housing Model': the provision of housing inHong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968211.
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Li, Yi-man, and 李綺雯. "Factors influencing developers' decision to sell housing units with fittings: empirical evidence from China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47279965.
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Housing units in China are sometimes sold with fittings (including internal finishes,
interior decorations, fixtures, electrical appliances, etc.) and sometimes as bare units
(without fittings). This study formulates hypotheses that explain these phenomena
and test these hypotheses with empirical data from a sample of 1,704 development
projects in China that were sold in the primary market between 2003 and 2007.
Based on developers’ risk-aversive behavior, we hypothesize that they are less likely
to sell new units with fittings in areas with low land prices. The value of fittings is
the highest if the developers can accurately predict the tastes of potential buyers.
The risk facing the former is that the fittings may not suit the latter. The risks are
higher when the cost of installing the fittings constitutes a relatively high proportion
of the market value of a housing unit, which is the case when land prices are relatively
low. Since housing construction costs are similar across the different regions in
China, land price is a major determinate of housing prices.
Due to the problem of information asymmetry between developers and buyers, the
former’s reputable or goodwill is important. The market would give a higher
valuation for fittings provided by more reputable developers. In addition, potential
buyers may worry that the fittings had been used to cover up defective or sub-standard
work. Therefore, we hypothesize that reputable developers are more likely to sell
housing units with fittings, especially for developments with a high construction cost
to market value ratio.
Demand and supply conditions play a role in determining a developer’s decision to
sell units with fittings. When supply is relatively abundant, competition amongst
developers is keen. Developers will tend to compete by providing fittings as
sweeteners to attract buyers. The provision of fittings may also be a non-price
competition strategy used by developers to differentiate their products from that of
their competitors. Therefore, we hypothesize that developers are more likely to sell
housing units with fittings when demand is weak or when supply is abundant.
Finally, we conjectured that as people’s incomes increase, their time becomes more
valuable. Therefore higher income households are less likely to buy bare units, since
the costs of shopping for interior decoration contractors, finishes and fittings, etc. are
higher for higher income households. We conjecture that developers tend to provide
units with fittings in areas with higher average household income.
With the exception of the last hypothesis, our empirical results supported all
hypotheses. The lack of empirical evidence to support the last hypothesis could be
due to a possible opposing force. This force arises from the possibility that higher
income households have more sophisticated tastes that are more difficult to predict.
Developers, being risk-averse, would tend to supply bare housing units in high
income areas.
The results in this study contribute to our understanding of developers’ behaviors in
the real estate market, particularly in China. The results are also of practical
relevance to home buyers, developers, investors, and policymakers.published_or_final_version
Real Estate and Construction
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Yuan, Shiming. "Economic policy changes and their effects on the urban housing situation : the case of China (1948-1997)." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phy945.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 244-276. This thesis investigates economic policy changes and their effects on the urban housing situation in China both under the centrally planned economy and during the period of urban housing system reforms since 1978. It considers two main housing models: government intervention in urban housing based on a market economy, and government houring control under a centrally planned economy. It takes China as a case to discuss transition issues from the centrally planned housing system to the market-oriented one.
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Tsui, Lai-hing, and 徐麗卿. "A study on the socio-economic characteristics of the 'public' vis-a-vis 'private' sectors in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976761.
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Dong, Li, and 董立. "The housing supply system in urban China: a market-oriented approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124161X.
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Man, Paul, and 文保羅. "A social-economic assessment of home ownership scheme in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31974909.
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Iskander, Abdul-Wahed Ali. "Affordability and Muncie housing market : 1970-1990." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/958617.
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This thesis identifies the housing affordability in Muncie metropolitan areas through the interaction of the major housing market components, of supply and demand for housing units. The purpose of this work has been the investigation of the historical housing performance that Muncie has experienced from 1970 through 1990, in order to determine whether housing affordability problem exists in Muncie and how it has been developed over the study period. Two major approaches are used, cross-sectional and cohort analysis, to examine the relationships among several variables. The main variables are population, households , and housing characteristics which represent the demand and supply of housing stock.The findings from this study have determined that the housing affordability problem in Muncie has escalated more than the other areas within Delaware County since 1970. The major causes of accelerating affordability problem were the real decline of family incomes and the increase of the numbers of low-income populaion, families and households. The lack of employment opportunities, and low payroll were underlying the decline of real income. The decline in number of mortgages was also one of the causes of the afforadability problem over the course of the study period.Department of Urban Planning
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Philpott, Rodger Frank. "Commercializing the university: The costs and benefits of the entrepreneurial exchange of knowledge and skills." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186730.
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The emergence of the global economy has forced the Australian government to revise economic strategies and to seek institutional changes. Higher education's new roles in research and human resource development, have been manifested in university commercialization activities. Mindful that Universities are prestige rather than profit maximizers, this study applies Schumpeter's (1942) theoretical model for the survival of a firm under financial stress. The model's responses, extended to education by Leslie and Miller (1973), include new products, new markets, restructuring, increased productivity and new supply factors. University entrepreneurial activities have monetary and non-monetary impacts. The non-monetary costs and benefits of Australian university enterprise were studied by Leslie (1992) and Leslie and Harrold (1993). In this study, academics at Curtin University of Technology (Perth, Western Australia) were selected as entrepreneurial or non-entrepreneurial subjects and surveyed on the non-monetary costs and benefits of entrepreneurial activities affecting Curtin's teaching, research and public service mission. This data were analyzed and subsequently compared with data obtained by Leslie (1992). Differences in academic perceptions were found among the Curtin respondents by gender, academic status, discipline area, entrepreneurship and non-entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial revenue importance. Using the Leslie data inter-institutional differences were examined and an order of entrepreneurial institutional types proposed, with Curtin University described as a frontier entrepreneurial university. The taxonomy of costs and benefits developed by Leslie (1992) was revised with the addition of personal social costs, stress, networking and professional development. An estimate was made of the dollar value of non-monetary items; non-monetary benefits were three times the dollar value of monetary benefits; non-monetary costs were less than half the monetary cost levels. The ratio of non-monetary costs to benefits was 1:3.5. Academics in the disciplines of engineering and science had more favorable perceptions of entrepreneurial costs and benefits than respondents in business studies. Health science respondents were described as having pessimistic perceptions. Future research may look at the levels of commercial revenue and investigate the effects of the amount of financial success or failure on the entrepreneurial efforts of academics. In university enterprise successes seem to foster success and the favorable perceptions of academics.
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Ntlangula, Zininzi. "The role of RDP housing in revitalising the socio-economic environment." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5268.
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The role of RDP housing cannot be underestimated and it plays a big role in South Africa. It assists those who are less fortunate to afford to buy houses. RDP housing delivery is not only expected to put a roof over people's heads but to change their lives in various ways. RDP housing delivery tackles issues related to social and economic enviroment. In terms of policy documents and surveys, research has shown that it is critical to incorporate RDP housing beneficiaries from planning right up to development stage. Public participation and the involvement of beneficiaries from the planning stage onward assists in determining the basic needs of the community that can be addresed through RDP housing development. This study is about the role of RDP housing in revitalising the socio-economic environment with a specific reference to Second Creek, which is under the jurisdiction of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality.
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Fell, Gordon. "The impact of immigration on the Australian economy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c811beb5-8090-459f-a3e7-e5bd68884cf7.
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Australian immigration policy has traditionally been justified as a means to ensure national security and promote economic development. Neither of these rationales retains much contemporary force. A larger population is no longer regarded as critical to Australia's defensive capacity, and the quest for economic development, synonymous with aggregate growth, has been superseded by a concern about per capita growth performance. While humanitarian and cultural justifications for immigration have been advanced, they are either restricted in scope or contentious. Currently, the programme is operating on a large scale without a clear rationale. The purpose of this work is to investigate the economic consequences of immigration, and so consider whether the economic rationale may be recast in an alternative form. In this chapter, the existing literature is reviewed and a strategy for carrying the analysis further is outlined.
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Tang, Yin Ha. "The commodity housing market and tenure decision in Chinese cities : an analysis of Guangzhou city." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1999. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/128.
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Wells, Camille. "Social and economic aspects of eighteenth-century housing on the northern neck of Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623857.
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This study is an attempt to discern what eighteenth-century houses--their forms, dimensions, internal organization, and external settings--have to contribute to scholarly understanding of colonial Virginia's society, economy, and culture.;Historic Virginia houses usually were built more recently than traditional scholars and popular writers have supposed, and standing eighteenth-century houses are, almost without exception, far larger and finer than the dwellings most colonial Virginians inhabited. Yet even lightly constructed and shabbily finished houses stood at the center of a complex of buildings where most of the planter's household and agricultural work was performed. Thus eighteenth-century Virginia houses were more mundane and unpretentious yet more symbolically and functionally dominant components of the landscape than surviving houses and their isolated rural sites can suggest.;This dissertation employs documentary, architectural, and archaeological evidence to address three questions. What can a close reading of written sources convey about the character and context of houses in eighteenth-century Virginia? What can a close inspection of surviving houses, their archaeological remains, and their associated documentary histories convey about the circumstances of their construction and use, the significance of their form and presentation? Finally, what was the economic background and the social significance of a pretentious Virginia house which was built, accoutred, and inhabited during a time and in a place where such structures were exceedingly rare?
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Wang, Mei. "On the study of mega-event impacts on housing market." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648529.
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Reif, Alison. "Waves of change : economic development and social wellbeing in Cardwell, North Queensland, Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0184.
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This thesis is an anthropological study of local understandings of economic development in a small regional town in far North Queensland, Australia. How do preferences regarding lifestyle and social wellbeing impact on those living in the community? The study takes a particular interest in the aspirations, values and choices of the residents and their desires for the future and the future of their town. Throughout this thesis I argue that social wellbeing and lifestyle are important factors in Cardwell residents' choices and feature predominantly in their approaches to economic development. I contextualise this study through a comparative analysis of the effects of economic development on the wellbeing and lifestyle of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in the Cardwell region of north Australia. This comparison arises firstly from an anthropological interest in the circumstances of Australian Aboriginal people as a significant minority in regional towns. Explicit attention is directed toward the Aboriginal people of the Cardwell region as they constitute a socially and culturally distinct sector of the local population. Secondly, my study explores ways in which comparative work of this kind may be instructive on cultural issues relevant to economic development. This is a study of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people, who live in similar circumstances, and who, I propose, regard factors other than economic development as important. It is argued that while the Cardwell region does not provide ample nor a variety of economic opportunities, outward migration remains undesirable to many residents.
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Henderson, Marilyn. "Some aspects of the production of cashmere fibre from nonselected Australian feral goats." Title page, contents and forward only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh497.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-280) and index. Deals with the domestication of the goat and the history of the cashmere industry; investigates fibre physiology and production in general; and gives a detailed account of skin histology and fibre production of goats with particular reference to the cashmere-bearing animal; followed by research related to cashmere fibre production
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Chan, Kam-mei, and 陳金美. "An evaluation on privatization of Hong Kong Housing Authority's retailand car parking facilities: the Link'scase." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008796.
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Lam, Yu-hin, and 林宇軒. "The relationship of employment, household income and housing tenure: a case study of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008607.
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譚慧玲 and Wai-ling Vivian Tam. "Impacts of public housing on neighbourhood land value." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979944.
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Burroughs, Gary Leslie. "The response to environmental economic drivers by civil engineering contractors in South Australia." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envb972.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 91-93. Examines the response of two civil engineering construction contractors in South Australia to environmental economic conditions and market requirements using primarily an action research methodology whilst the researcher was engaged as the environmental manager at both corporations.
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Goff, Rachel. "The economic value of tourism and recreation in forested areas of Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1302.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, natural area tourism has been presented as a more profitable, labour intensive and environmentally sound industry than the traditional extractive industries which have resulted in the depletion of primary resources in many countries (Burr, 1995). However, in order for economic returns from tourism to be maintained over a long period of time, investment in resources and infrastructure that support and encourage sustainable tourism and recreation activity in natural areas is required. The key to sustainability is maintaining the capital stock of resources (Garrod & Fyall, 1998; Russell, 2001). In a society driven by economics, resources are allocated according to their representative worth to the population. However, the true value of the environmental resources, which underpin tourism and recreation in natural areas, is hidden due to the non-price and common-good attributes (Marcouiller, 1998). The application of measurement techniques which capture economic values for these resources provides a decision framework which promotes sustainability in the sector. This thesis estimates the gross economic value of tourism and recreation in the forested areas of the South West of Western Australia. The research utilises an established non-market valuation technique, travel cost analysis. The determination of travel costs by visitors to forested areas is used as a market substitute to estimate the tourism and recreation value of the forests in the Conservation and Land Management's Central and Southern Forest regions in the South West of Western Australia. The findings presented in this thesis provide an order of magnitude estimate of the gross market value of tourism and recreation in the Central and Southern Forest regions in 2000-2001 at between $122 million and $160 million. Primary research at a single forest site in the region, the Valley of the Giants, Tree Top Walk, Walpole, provides an estimate of the annual gross market value at between $27.8 million (intrastate market only) and $28.9 million (entire market) using an attribution factor of 70%. This calculation is based on all visitors to the site, with 70% of their visitor expenditure in the region (Manjimup/ Walpole/ Denmark) being attributable to the Valley of the Giants site. With the inclusion of the opportunity cost of travel time, the estimate increases to $33.16 million (based on the intrastate market only and an attribution factor of 70% ). The consumer surplus value of the Valley of the Giants site, without accounting for the money spent on park entry fees to the site, is estimated at $50.84 million (measure based on the intrastate market only who account for 79% of the market and without the inclusion of the opportunity costs of travel time). With an attribution factor of 70% the consumer surplus value is $35.58 million. Intrastate visitors to the Valley of the Giants spent approximately $760,000 on park entry fees to the Valley of the Giants site in 2000-2001. Therefore with the attribution factor applied, the consumer surplus value, net the park entry fees is approximately $35 million . With a visitation rate of approximately 151,200 intrastate visitors in 2000-2001, the benefits accruing to each individual are $231.48 per person or $83 per person per day spent in the Manjimup/ Walpole/ Denmark region (average length of stay 2.8 days). The findings from this study provides a significant contribution to the management of forested areas in Western Australia providing valuable economic information with which to compare other forest use values. This information can be used to facilitate zoning decisions and multiple-use management strategies in forested areas, particularly when aggregated with other valuation studies. In a climate where public funds are limited, the economic measurement of tourism and recreation in forested areas provides justification for the allocation of government resources to facilitate the sustainable management of tourism in the region. In addition, the methodology adopted will provide a basis for future repeat studies and may also be applicable to other forest regions around Australia.
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Taneka, D. "Estimating the performance of rural roads in remote areas." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996.
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Reynolds, Dennis Paul. "The effects of financing and development methods on the design of moderate density housing." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14011.
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Cleland, Jonelle. "Western Australia's salinity investment framework : a study of priority setting in policy and practice." University of Western Australia. School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0120.
Full textAbstract:
In March 2002 the Western Australian Minister for Environment and Heritage adopted a policy framework to guide investment decisions on salinity management. Promoted as Western Australia's Salinity Investment Framework (or the SIF), it offered a set of principles for prioritising investment decisions that were generally grounded in economic theory. This represented a significant landmark in terms of the government's appreciation of the scale of salinity problem and its acknowledgement that a full turnaround in the situation was beyond the reach of both volunteers and the public purse. The evolution of the SIF policy, including an initial trial in the Avon Basin, provided an opportunity to evaluate pre-policy processes; observe policy on the run; and test stakeholder reactions to the investment principles embodied in the the SIF, as well as their reaction to its implied outcomes. The intention of the study was to highlight any barriers standing in the way of effectively implementing a policy to prioritise investments in salinity management and identify any novel approaches developed in an attempt to overcome them. The evaluation was multifaceted to incorporate retrospective and prospective modes of inquiry. The retrospective investigation involved the construction of a series of policy narratives using evidence from notes and minutes taken at SIF meetings, as well as other formal and informal documents. It systematically captured the influence of key people, events and decisions on the SIF up until June 2008. This evaluation highlighted the impact of (1) policy entrepreneurs; (2) time lags; (3) vertical silos, and (4) priority setting hierarchies. The prospective investigation involved the execution of a community survey featuring attitudinal questions, paired comparisons and a choice modelling experiment. The survey involved 269 personal interviews with rural landholders, townspeople and landcare officers across the Avon Catchment. It captured perceptions towards past funding strategies and proposals for future allocations and explored the nature of priority setting decisions in relation to trade-offs between: (1) the mix of assets protected; (2) the degree of risk; (3) the level of community involvement in the decision, and (4) the distribution of benefits. This evaluation highlighted the importance of (1) incentives and disincentives for change; (2) awareness of priority setting concepts; (3) the capacity of regional bodies; and (4) elements perceived to be crucial in priority setting.
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Ho, Kwok-leung Denny, and 何國良. "The political economy of public housing in Hong Kong: a sociological analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3120918X.
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Enzinger, Sharn Emma 1973. "The economic impact of greenhouse policy upon the Australian electricity industry : an applied general equilibrium analysis." Monash University, Centre of Policy Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8383.
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Tham, Poh Weng Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Managing market risks in the Australian national electricity market." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20834.
Full textAbstract:
The restructuring of many national and state electricity industries over the last two decades has created new sets of laws and regulations, market design and participants. Along with those changes, industry risks have also been transformed significantly. Prior to restructuring, government-owned or carefully regulated monopoly private utilities would manage most of these industry risks. With restructuring, however, both the government, through their market regulators, and industry participants need to manage a range of previous,, yet also now new, risks. While the government???s risk management strategy is focused on the industry as a whole, participants are naturally more concerned with their individual risks. The Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) is one of the many electricity markets that were formed through the restructuring process underway worldwide. It created a number of new types of market participants facing different sets of risks. The main objective of this thesis is to examine the management of market risk by these different NEM participants. The methodology used in the thesis involves developing a fundamental understanding of electricity restructuring, the NEM and the various risks faced by the different NEM participants. Data on NEM spot prices, ancillary costs and forward prices are analysed to gain a better understanding of its relationship with market activities. Different risk management strategies, both proactive and reactive, that can be taken by the participants are discussed This thesis has highlighted some of the complexities involved in managing risks in a restructured electricity industry. Risks are never static and changes in market conditions alter the risk exposure of the participants. Therefore, participants will need to constantly monitor their risk exposure and update their risk management strategies. The Cash-Flow-at-Risk methodology is introduced as a possible tool to measure risk and analyse risk management options for different NEM participants.
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Olds, Kristopher Nelson. "Planning for the housing impacts of a hallmark event : a case study of EXPO 86." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28192.
Full textAbstract:
This study proposes a strategy which will assist governments, the sponsors of hallmark events, and community groups to identify and plan for the negative housing impacts of such events. Hallmark events are major one-time or recurring events of limited duration, developed primarily to enhance the awareness, appeal and profitability of a tourist destination in the short and/or long term. World's Fairs and Olympic Games are two examples of hallmark events.
The 1986 World's Fair (Expo 86) in Vancouver provided an opportunity to document the impacts of this hallmark event on the residents of a community which borders the fair site and on the planning practices of the local government.
Five research questions are addressed:
1) How has the nature of World's Fairs changed since their emergence in the late 19th century?
2) To what extent have World's Fairs been used as an inner city redevelopment tool; what have their housing impacts been; and, how have these impacts been planned for?
3) What was the nature of the housing impacts of Expo 86 on the residents of the Downtown Eastside community in Vancouver?
4) What was the City of Vancouver's planning process with respect to the potential and then actual housing impacts of Expo 86 on the residents of the Downtown Eastside?
5) What were the reasons for the success and/or failure of the City of Vancouver's planning process?
These research questions are explored by: undertaking a
literature review; corresponding with academics, planners and World's Fair staff in cities where fairs have or will be held; interviewing representatives of Expo 86, the City of Vancouver and the impacted community; analyzing City files on the issue; and, personal observation.
The results suggest that the nature of World's Fairs has changed considerably since their emergence. In the last two decades, their use as an inner city redevelopment tool, in combination with the pressures created by millions of fair visitors, has created four different types of housing impacts: on-site impact; post-announcement speculative impact; pre-Expo tourist demand impact; and, post-Expo impact. In Vancouver, for example, between 1,600 and 2,600 lodging house units were demolished or converted between 1978 and 1986 in a community bordering the fair site (Expo 86 was announced in 1980). In addition, between January and June, 1986, 500 to 850 residents were evicted from lodging houses (Expo 86 opened on May 2, 1986).
The evaluation of the City of Vancouver's planning process for the Expo 86 housing impacts suggests that the City was adequately prepared. However, it was the politics of planning -- the issues of political jurisdiction, ideology and ideological differences -- which resulted in the City's failure to stop the negative housing impacts.
This study concludes by recommending that a systematic planning process be implemented for addressing the housing impacts of hallmark events. Planners should adapt their role in the process to fit the planning environment. Lastly, governments, sponsors of hallmark events, and community groups should implement a wide range of options to prevent negative housing impacts from occurring. Examples of such options and some "points to consider" are presented in Chapter Five of this study.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Sounness, Marcus Neil. "Alternative grazing systems and pasture types for the South West of Western Australia : a bio-economic analysis." University of Western Australia. School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0054.
Full textAbstract:
Alternative grazing systems and pasture types for wool production in the south west of Western Australia were analysed using bio-economic modelling techniques in order to determine their relative productivity and profitability. After reviewing the experimental and modelling literature on perennial pastures and grazing systems, seven case studies of farmers were conducted in order to investigate the practical application of innovative grazing systems and use of perennial pastures. Together these case studies provided information for identifying relevant variables and for calibrating the modelling work which followed. The core of the work lies in a bio-economic model for investigating the comparative value of the three grazing systems and two pasture families mentioned above. A baseline scenario using currently available and reliable scientific data provides baseline results, after which a number of sensitivity analyses provide further insights using variations of four key parameters: persistence, heterogeneity, water soluble carbohydrates, and increased losses. Results show that perennial pastures are in the studied region more profitable than annual pastures. Under current baseline conditions, continuous grazing with perennial pastures is the most profitable enterprise, but this superiority is not robust under parameter variations defined by other scenarios. The more robust solution in terms of enterprise profitability is cell grazing with perennial pastures. The results indicate that intensive grazing systems such as cell grazing have the potential to substantially increase the profitability of grazing operations on perennial pasture. This result is an encouraging one in light of its implications for water uptake and salinity control. It means that economics and land care can go hand in hand, rather than be competitive. It is to be noted that it is the choice of the grazing system in combination with the pasture species, rather then the pasture species itself, that allows for such complementarity between economics and sustainable land use. This research shows that if farmers adopt practices such as cell grazing they may be able to increase the area that they can profitably plant to perennial pasture thus reducing the impacts of dryland salinity. This finding is consistent with the findings of the case studies where the farmers perceived that, provided grazing was planned, increasing the intensity of their grazing management and the perenniallity of their pastures would result in an increase in the profitability of their grazing operation. As a result this research helps to bridge a gap which has existed in this area of research, between the results of scientific research and those reported in practice.
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Graham, Tennille. "Economics of protecting road infrastructure from dryland salinity in Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0207.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] The salinisation of agricultural land, urban infrastructure and natural habitat is a serious and increasing problem in southern Australia. Government funding has been allocated to the problem to attempt to reduce substantial costs associated with degradation of agricultural and non-agricultural assets. Nevertheless, Government funding has been small relative to the size of the problem and therefore expenditure needs to be carefully targeted to interventions that will achieve the greatest net benefits. For intervention to be justified, the level of salinity resulting from private landholder decisions must exceed the level that is optimal from the point of view of society as a whole, and the costs of government intervention must be less than the benefits gained by society. This study aims to identify situations when government intervention is justified to manage dryland salinity that threatens to affect road infrastructure (a public asset). A key gap in the environmental economics literature is research that considers dryland salinity as a pollution that has off-site impacts on public assets. This research developed two hydrological/economic models to achieve this objective. The first was a simple economic model representing external costs from dryland salinity. This model was used to identify those variables that have the biggest impact on the net-benefits possible from government intervention. The second model was a combined hydro/economic model that represents the external costs from dryland salinity on road infrastructure. The hydrological component of the model applied the method of metamodelling to simplify a complex, simulation model to equations that could be easily included in the economic model. The key variables that have the biggest impact on net-benefits of dryland salinity mitigation were the value of the off-site asset and the time lag before the onset of dryland salinity in the absence of intervention. ... In the case study of dryland salinity management in the Date Creek subcatchment of Western Australia, the economics of vegetation-based and engineering strategies were investigated for road infrastructure. In general, the engineering strategies were more economically beneficial than vegetation-based strategies. In the case-study catchment, the cost of dryland salinity affecting roads was low relative to the cost to agricultural land. Nevertheless, some additional change in land management to reduce impacts on roads (beyond the changes justified by agricultural land alone) was found to be optimal in some cases. Reinforcing the results from the simple model, a key factor influencing the economics of dryland salinity management was the urgency of the problem. If costs from dryland salinity were not expected to occur until 30 years or more, the optimal response in the short-term was to do nothing. Overall, the study highlights the need for governments to undertake comprehensive and case-specific analysis before committing resources to the management of dryland salinity affecting roads. There were many scenarios in the modelling analysis where the benefits of interventions would not be sufficient to justify action.
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Jordan, Matthew. "Procuring industrial pollution control : the South Australian case, 1836-1975." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj816.pdf.
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Chen, Xiao Hu. "Effects of government's land supply and public housing on Hong Kong's residential market : a dynamic model of new housing supply." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2537063.
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Beer, Andrew. "Owner occupation and profit : the creation and capture of value through Canberra's residential property market." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/129747.
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This study examines the material advantages attached to owner occupation in Canberra
between 1962 and 1981. Canberra's housing market was used to review the debate on domestic
property and land rent A number of authors (Saunders, 1978, 1979; Pratt 1982) contend that
ownership of residential property generates significant economic interests independent of
production within society. Other researchers rejected this view and denied the significance of
gains through housing (Edel, 1982; Edel, Sclar and Lamia, 1984). One of the first objectives of
this thesis therefore was to ascertain the nature, size and origins of any benefits accrued
through the ownership of housing.
The history of property ownership in nine suburbs was examined and the benefits associated
with property ownership calculated. The study found that home purchasers in Canberra with
bank finance were typically $32,000 better-off once their dwelling was sold. The level of
benefits received varied according to socio-economic status. The largest gains were accrued by
the owners of the most expensive dwellings. The rats of return on the household's capital,
however, was not influenced by factors associated with social class or prestige. Market
conditions determined the rate of return with the greatest percentage gains to households which
purchased while the market was low and sold during a boom.
The receipt of benefits through housing reflected the history of real property within societies
with a British legal heritage, Canberra's special development history and Australia's post-War
housing system. It was concluded that explanations of housing-related benefits must recognise
that land is property like any other. The commodity nature of housing \s a function of the the
importance of production and the conditions associated with the production of wealth in
society. In addition, the market's role in the capture of benefits through housing must be
accepted. Price fluctuations determine the nature and size of any gains collected.
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Neldner, Simon M. (Simon Matthew). "Reversal of fortunes : the post-industrial challenge to work and social equality : a case study of "The Parks" community of Northwestern Adelaide / by Simon M. Nelder." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19893.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 353-427)xii, 427 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
"The Parks" and its constituent labour force was established by the state to underpin the profitability of industrial capital. It is now to be dismantled, its residents dispersed in order to recreate the conditions for renewed profitability. Focusses on a study of "The Parks" community to give a better understanding under Australian conditions of: the special, socially constituted nature of place; the interplay of the global-local and the impacts of economic restructuring; the inseparability of labour and housing markets; and, how the agency of private markets and the state interpenetrate each other.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Adelaide University, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2001
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Neldner, Simon M. (Simon Matthew). "Reversal of fortunes : the post-industrial challenge to work and social equality : a case study of "The Parks" community of Northwestern Adelaide / by Simon M. Nelder." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19893.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 353-427)xii, 427 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.
"The Parks" and its constituent labour force was established by the state to underpin the profitability of industrial capital. It is now to be dismantled, its residents dispersed in order to recreate the conditions for renewed profitability. Focusses on a study of "The Parks" community to give a better understanding under Australian conditions of: the special, socially constituted nature of place; the interplay of the global-local and the impacts of economic restructuring; the inseparability of labour and housing markets; and, how the agency of private markets and the state interpenetrate each other.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Adelaide University, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2001
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Townsend, Philip Vernon. "An integrated analytical economic framework to inform future Australian plantation policy." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/156307.
Full textAbstract:
Australia's plantation forest estate expanded rapidly between 1995 and 2008, consistent with the intentions of the National Forest Policy Statement and Plantations for Australia: the 2020 Vision. The near-doubling of the plantation estate, to almost 2 million hectares, was financed largely by small-scale investors under favourable tax and investment arrangements. Almost all the plantations were short-rotation eucalypts grown for woodchips. Expansion of these 'simple' plantation forests coincided with the emergence of new domestic policy initiatives in many arenas of relevance to Australia's forestry sector, which also sought to drive the internalisation of production externalities across much of the Australian economy. Thus, the plantation sector was exposed to emerging and often contentious policies governing water use, the sequestration of greenhouse gases and the delivery of other environmental services, as well as changes in the tax policy settings. This thesis explores the policy settings which might favour the establishment of plantations to deliver multiple goods and services, rather than just the production of wood, and the analytical framework for assessing the economic implications of those settings. A typical economic approach for testing policy impacts is cost-benefit analysis. Such an approach is insufficient to capture the interactions between multiple policy arenas. A more sophisticated integrated analytical framework was required to address this challenge and investigate the tension and synergies in tax, water, climate change and environmental services policies. The analytical framework made it possible to assess their likely net effects influencing private sector decision makers, measuring the effects in terms of the financial returns, volumes and types of wood grown, and the flow of environmental service such as the amelioration of salinity or dis-benefits such as the impacts on catchment water yields. The bias in recent investment towards short-rotation plantations was demonstrated to be a consequence of the tax and investment rules, and the lack of policy enabling factors: there was no requirement for growers to internalise their water use as a factor input, no national market for trading carbon credits, and no means for realising the value of environmental services provided by plantations. By integrating multiple policy elements into a single analytical framework, it was possible to estimate the net effects of proposed and alternative policy settings, and to suggest particular changes for reducing the policy bias towards short-rotation and single-purpose forestry. Changes to the tax rules would provide equal treatment for all plantations, encourage more efficient water use and carbon sequestration within the forestry sector, and indicate where incentives might be best used to encourage targeted investment in plantations that also deliver environmental services. The structure of the integrated analytical model makes it possible to incorporate other policy dimensions relevant to forestry into the assessment framework, such as investing in roads or other public infrastructure. While an advantage of using this approach is a greater capacity for quantifying the net effects of multiple policy settings, a major challenge is accessing the information necessary to build and maintain such a framework.
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Kou, Jiaying. "Analysing Housing Price in Australia with Data Science Methods." Thesis, 2022. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/43940/.
Full textAbstract:
Housing market price prediction is a major and important challenge in economics. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, researchers, economists, and politicians around the world have increasingly drawn attention to the need of better understanding housing market behaviour, since the failure to predict housing market crisis ahead of time had led to catastrophic global damage. On the other hand, around the same time, we have seen the revolution of information technology and artificial intelligence in the last two decades. The advent of powerful cloud and high performance computing systems, big data, and advanced machine learning algorithms have demonstrated new applications and advantages in cutting-edge research and technology areas such as pattern recognition, bioinformatics, natural language processing, and product recommendation systems.
Can we make the leap of improving our understanding of housing market behaviour by leveraging these recent advances in artificial intelligence and newly available big data? This is the main theme of the thesis. There is strong motivation to explore the application of data science methods, including new large datasets and advanced machine learning algorithm, to accelerate our understanding of housing market problems for the benefit of the common good.
In order to understand housing market behaviour, we divide the problem into two major steps: first, to improve understanding of housing appraisal (at microlevel), which is to predict housing price at the point level given a fixed timeframe; second, to improve understanding of the trend prediction (at macro level), which is to predict the housing price trend for a specific place during a time interval.
For these two major steps, we improve upon traditional economic modelling by:
• Adding new, non-traditional variables/features to our models, such as location-based Point of Interests, regional economic clusters, qualitative index, searching index, and newspaper articles
• Applying machine learning algorithms for data analysis, such as non-linear algorithms, K-Nearest-Neighbour, Support Vector Machine, Gradient Boost, and sentiment analysis
Specifically, in Chapter 3, we focus on the development of Location-Based Social
Network (LBSN) for our micro-level housing appraisal modelling. A good location
goes beyond the direct benefits from its neighbourhood. By leveraging housing
data, neighbourhood data, regional economic cluster data and demographic data,
we build a housing appraisal model, named HNED. Unlike most previous statistical and machine learning based housing appraisal research, which limit their
investigations to neighbourhoods within 1km radius of the house, we expand the
investigation beyond the local neighbourhood and to the whole metropolitan area,
by introducing the connection to significant influential economic nodes, which we
term Regional Economic Clusters. Specifically, we introduce regional economic
clusters within the metropolitan range into the housing appraisal model, such as
the connection to CBD, workplace, or the convenience and quality of big shopping
malls and university clusters. When used with the gradient boosting algorithm
2
XGBoost to perform housing price appraisal, HNED reached 0.88 in R . In addition, we found that the feature vector from Regional Economic Clusters alone reached 0.63 in R2, significantly higher than all traditional features. Chapter 3 focuses on the exploration and validation of HNED modelling.
In Chapter 4 and Chapter 5, we focus on macro-level housing price trend prediction. We fill the gap between the traditional macro-level housing market modelling and new developments of the concept of irrationality in microeconomic theories, by collecting and analysing economic behavioural data, such as real estate opinions in local newspaper articles, and people’s web searching behaviour as captured by Google Trend Index. In Chapter 4, we discuss the usage of micro-level behavioural data for understanding macro-level housing market behaviour. We use sentiment analysis to examine local newspaper articles discussing real estate at a suburb level in inner-west Sydney, Australia. We then calculate the media sentiment index by using two different methods, and compare them with each other and the housing price index. The use of media sentiment index can serve as a finer-grained guiding tool to facilitate decision-making for home buyers, investors, researchers and policy makers. In Chapter 5, we discuss how new developments of behavioural economic theory indicate that the information from decision-making at the micro-level will bring a new solution to the age-old problem of economic forecasting. It provides the theoretical link between irrationality and big data methods. Specifically, Google Trend Index is included as a new variable in a time series auto-regression model to forecast housing market cycles.
To summarise the contributions of the thesis, we conclude that this is a successful early attempt to study housing price problems using data science methods, by leveraging newly available data sets and applying novel machine learning methods. Specifically, location-based social data improves the housing appraisal modelling. Human behaviour for housing market is analysed by introducing local newspaper articles and Google Trend Index into the modelling and analysis.
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Chia, Tai Tee. "Returns to higher education in Australia." Phd thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/138458.
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Ficher-Orzechowska, Ewa. "Labour supply in ageing economies : a comparison of Japan and Australia." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150860.
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Khemka, Gaurav. "The impact of economic changes on disability income insurance and health in australia." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/156103.
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This thesis empirically examines the impact of economic changes on: i. the health of the general Australian population, and ii. the claim incidence experience of the Australian Disability Income Insurance (DII) business. Changes in economic conditions have been captured via movements in the unemployment rate. Changes in health by the following two indicators: a. mortality rate, and b. per capita general physician (GP) visits. In many countries it has been established that short-run cyclical patterns in mortality are associated with economic fluctuations. In Chapter 2, an aggregate state level panel data analysis is used to investigate the general pattern of cyclical mortality in Australia for the period 1985-2008. Employing a fixed effects regression methodology, we show that there is a significant counter-cyclical pattern of mortality (mortality increases during economic contractions) in the general Australian population. Evidence in the literature suggests that the pattern of cyclical mortality experienced in other countries is varied. Drawing from this literature, it is argued that one reason for the observed counter-cyclical mortality in Australia is the relatively high level of social security expenditure. In Chapter 3, a poisson fixed effects analysis shows that, in Australia, over the period 1994-2010, per capita GP visits increase with economic expansions. This may indicate that self-perceived morbidity in Australia is pro-cyclical in nature. At first glance, while this result appears to be in contradiction with counter-cyclical mortality (established in Chapter 2), it is argued that the various financial and psychological factors that cause a reduction in GP visits during economic downturns may be a factor in explaining the increase in mortality observed in Chapter 2. Practitioners of DII commonly believe that DII claims experience is highly correlated with economic movements. In Chapter 4, using claims incidence data from Australian DII business for the period 1986-2001, and a conditional model, it is found that the incidence of claims significantly increases with increasing unemployment, illustrating a counter-cyclical pattern of claims incidence. Moreover, a multinomial logit analysis on cause of claim shows that the probability of a new claim arising from accidents significantly increases with increasing unemployment. The results suggest that the counter-cyclical pattern of claim incidence may stem from increasing claims for minor causes amongst the insured population. Our results are important from the perspective of policy makers and insurance companies. For example, to a policy maker, evidence of counter-cyclical mortality and pro-cyclical GP visits provides insights on the impact of economic changes on health. This may lead to further research in order to isolate the causes of these relationships and quantify the social costs associated with tackling the issues. From the perspective of an insurer, the counter-cyclical patterns of mortality and DII claims may help them to incorporate appropriate premium loadings and capital reserves in anticipation of economic downturns.
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Butler, Rose. "In fairness we trust : children making sense of economic insecurity." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155820.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines a series of social and emotional strategies undertaken by children to cope with social situations that arise through economic insecurity. Drawing on 18 months fieldwork in regional Victoria with children, parents and two school communities, I argue that children in this cultural environment make sense of economic insecurity through the re-appropriation of cultural narratives of "fairness". I distill four sets of strategies that children develop and enact in order to cultivate and sustain feelings of belonging when faced with situations of economic uncertainty. I call these practices Going Without, Staying Within, Cutting Down and Managing Stigma, and show how each is distinctively tied to cultural ideas around fairness. As I evidence, these strategies are shaped by children's own experiences of classed and racialised identities, cultural constructions of stigma, and the socio-cultural, political and economic environment in which they live. Through this analysis, I show how cultural narratives around fairness, recreated by children in different social spaces of everyday life, provide an avenue through which to repatriate feelings of envy and sustain meaningful relationships with others. Furthermore, I demonstrate ways in which such actions, while generating forms of inclusion, potentially recreate boundaries of exclusion in children's social worlds. More broadly, I argue that children's understandings of economic insecurity in post-industrial contexts are deeply tied to the dominant cultural narratives that underpin their lives. I contend that such narratives intersect with market-based imperatives, neoliberal articulations of childhood, and the culture-making practices of children's own collectively-focused peer group interactions. In making sense of economic insecurity, children must strategically balance these interests as they both compete and converge, in ways that generate and sustain feelings of belonging. By focusing on children's uses of "fairness" in this local context, I further bring to light the overt and subtle social and emotional impacts of broad economic restructuring on children and parents in Australia. The ethnographic focus here moves between the collective worlds of children and the private lives of their families, illuminating how market-driven global and state changes in education and employment are negotiated and absorbed in relationships between children, their peers and their parents. As I demonstrate, these structural and social transformations surface in daily life through dilemmas over care, dignity and belonging. The ways in which children use the cultural resources available to manage such experiences forms the subject of this thesis.
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Kupke, Valerie Elizabeth Harriet. "Buying a first home: the implications of labour market change." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/57293.
Full textAbstract:
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library."This thesis seeks to make a contribution to the understanding of the relationship between housing and labour markets by examining the impact of decreasing job security, that is the increase in casual and contract employment, on the purchase behaviour of first home buyers in Australia." -- Abstract
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2007
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Kupke, Valerie Elizabeth Harriet. "Buying a first home: the implications of labour market change." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/57293.
Full textAbstract:
"This thesis seeks to make a contribution to the understanding of the relationship between housing and labour markets by examining the impact of decreasing job security, that is the increase in casual and contract employment, on the purchase behaviour of first home buyers in Australia." -- AbstractThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2007