Journal articles on the topic 'Households – economic aspects – great britain'
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Žygaitienė, Birutė, and Evelina Buivydaitė. "A Teacher of Technological Education in Lithuania, Great Britain and Finland. What is She Like?" Pedagogika 129, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 268–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2018.18.
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The aim of the article is to compare the curricular of technology education and requirements for a technology education teacher in the analysed countries. The following conclusions have been made:
1. The conceptions of technological education in Lithuania, Great Britain and Finland are closely related to the aspects of integrity with other study subjects and the aim to prepare learners for successful adaptation in society. During lessons of technologies in Lithuania the modules of nutrition, textile, constructive materials, electronics and design are learnt. The lessons of design and technologies in Great Britain include innovative project learning of digital and engineering technologies and school learners study textile, constructive materials, design and nutrition.
During lessons of household economics in Finland, personal school learners’ qualities are developed while learning modules of nutrition and textile, whereas the subject-specific content of household economics is not emphasised. The aspect of technology modules is highlighted in the lessons of technologies and design and technologies, whereas that of social education is observed in household economics.
2. The requirements imposed on teachers of technological education in the analysed countries include excellent subject-specific, pedagogical and psychological preparation, ability to help school students to build up their value-based attitudes on the basis of the personal value system of an educator and ability to cooperate and work in teams. The research revealed the following differences: Finnish teachers are required to creatively implement curriculum, to be able to ensure tolerance-based education in the multicultural environment and to develop school students’ entrepreneurship skills; implementation of scientific research activities in the process of education and integration of information communication technologies are important to Finnish and Lithuanian teachers. The requirements to teachers in Great Britain are similar to those imposed on teachers in the other analysed countries.
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Nowak, Czesław. "Economic aspects: structure change of farms In Great Britain." Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2011): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ksm20107.
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Hanly, Mark, and Joyce M. Dargay. "Car Ownership in Great Britain: Panel Data Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1718, no. 1 (January 2000): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1718-11.
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The analysis of the factors determining changes in travel behavior on the individual (or individual household) level requires information on the behavior of individuals over time. Such “transport” panel surveys are rarely available, particularly for a sufficiently long time period to examine such changes more than cursorily. For the United Kingdom, none exists for other than limited regions. However, the ongoing British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), begun in 1991, provides some information related to transport—specifically, household car ownership—as well as information on the economic and sociodemographic characteristics of the households surveyed. BHPS data for 1993 to 1966 are used to analyze car ownership and the factors determining car ownership decisions on an individual household level. As far as is known, this has not yet been done in any systematic manner. The relationship between car ownership, income, and sociodemographic factors such as household composition, residential location, and population density (persons per hectare in the local authority district in which the household resides) is investigated. Both descriptive statistical measures and formal modeling approaches, based on dynamic discrete choice models and panel data econometric techniques, are used.
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KAWĘCKI, Norbert. "HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT, TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN GREAT BRITAIN." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2022, no. 157 (2022): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2022.157.17.
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Karl, Raimund. "Random Coincidences Or: the return of theCelticto Iron Age Britain." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 74 (2008): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000141.
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This paper examines whether there really are fundamental differences between a Celtic model of social organisation and the observations made by J.D. Hill about PRIA social organisation in southern England. Hill's alternative model, which in his opinion seems to be fundamentally at odds with what can be learned from Celtic sources, is characterised by the importance of three main factors. These are the essentially ideological, east-facing orientation of Iron Age houses and enclosed settlements, the ideological boundedness of individual homesteads, and the household as the centre of production. Yet, an examination of the medieval Irish andWelsh literature reveals that these three fundamental characteristics also seem to define the societies described in the Celtic texts. However, while the household is the central independent social and economic unit, the medieval texts also put great emphasis on kinship, with kin-groups fulfilling important, complementary roles for the individual households. It is examined whether a kind of society that is not dominated by either households or kinship, but by both households and kinship, can successfully explain all the archaeological phenomena observable in PRIA Britain, including different ‘hillforts’ possibly fulfilling several different functions. The striking similarities that can be found between the kinds of societies proposed by Hill as inhabiting PRIA Britain and those described in the medieval Irish and Welsh sources force us to consider whether the Celtic should not better be returned to PRIA Britain, and whether the ‘different Iron Ages’ were not that different after all.
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WITCZAK-ROSZKOWSKA, Danuta. "The virtual dimension of socio-economic relations in european countries." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2020, no. 146 (2020): 509–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2020.146.36.
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Purpose: The purpose of the article is to assess the level of use of information technologies by households in selected European countries and the resulting transformations in socio-economic relations. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses one of the taxonomic methods – the Hellwig’s development pattern method. 20 diagnostic features were adopted to develop Hellwig’s synthetic measure. They reflect the access and use of the Internet by households in five areas: networking and formal activities in the fields of e-government, e-banking, e-education, e-health; carrying out political and civic activities online (consulting, voting, expressing opinions); making informal contacts and participating in social networks (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, etc.); e-commerce; using instant messaging and e-mail. Findings: In the light of the characteristics adopted for the survey, the highest level of use of information technology by households is characteristic of Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Great Britain and Finland. The countries with the lowest rates are Romania and Bulgaria. Research limitations/implications: The studies presented may contribute to further in-depth analyses of the links between the use of information technologies in individual countries and their level of economic development in the long term. Originality/value: The results are addressed to public authorities in 30 European countries. On their basis, leaders in the use of information technologies by households in various areas of economic and social life were identified. The distance between the other countries was also diagnosed. The results of the research can guide public authorities in developing strategies for the development and dissemination of information technologies in their countries.
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Morelli, Salvatore, Brian Nolan, Juan C. Palomino, and Philippe Van Kerm. "The Wealth (Disadvantage) of Single-Parent Households." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 702, no. 1 (July 2022): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027162221123448.
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Wealth is a buffer against economic shocks and the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage. We investigate the wealth of single-parent households in six high-income countries that span a variety of institutional contexts and welfare regimes. Using household survey data, we show that single-parent households in all these countries are disadvantaged in the wealth they hold, compared to dual-parent households—more so in Great Britain, France, Germany, and the United States; and less so in Italy and, especially, Spain. We tease out major differences in types of wealth holdings in single- and dual-parent households. We find that the single-parent wealth deficit is not explained by differences in age or number of children but that it is influenced by education, income, homeownership, and receipt of intergenerational transfers. We discuss the policy implications of our findings, both in terms of how single parents are treated in social protection and taxation systems and, more broadly, in the supports they require if they are to overcome barriers to accumulating wealth.
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Anderson, Michael. "Households, families and individuals: some preliminary results from the national sample from the 1851 census of Great Britain." Continuity and Change 3, no. 3 (December 1988): 421–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000004306.
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L'article se base sur les données de cet échantillon pour décrire certains aspects des ménages et des structures familiales, ainsi que des formes diverses de résidence des individus au sein des families et des ménages. Quand elles s'y prêtent, l'auteur compare ces données avec celles rassemblées par le Cambridge Group d'après les recensements anglais pour la période préindustrielle, d'une part et avec les recensements modernes déjà publiés, d'autre part. Parmi les nombreux thèmes traités on retrouve la composition des ménages d'après la parenté, les différentes formes d'entretien et de logement des domestiques, la fréquence des groupes familiaux de un ou deux parents et leur affiliation, ainsi que l'attitude des vieillards et des jeunes quant à leur résidence.
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Beztelesna, L., O. Pliashko, L. Shevchuk, Zh Semchuk, and I. Petryk. "ENSURING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES: EVALUATION OF FINANCING AND PARTNERSHIP MODELS BETWEEN HOUSEHOLDS, STATE AND BUSINESS." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 6, no. 41 (January 10, 2022): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v6i41.237565.
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Abstract. The article evaluates the funding structure and partnership models in ensuring human resource productivity. The government’s main task is to implement the economic policy that would stimulate the growth of the country’s economy, which is achieved through the active participation of human resources in social production and can be identified by their productivity. Increasing labor productivity requires both fundings for human resources development programs, namely education and health care, and the formation of models of partnerships between the subjects of its provision (government, business, and households). Revitalization of human resources involves meeting the essential human needs, which are defined in the concept of human development, the highest priority of which is education and health. Each country forms its own partnership model of subjects for financing to ensure economic growth and productivity of human resources. The object of the study is the model of partnership in providing the growth of productivity of human resources in the economies of countries that have excellent tools for financing human development programs, namely the United States, Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, and Ukraine. In this study, we used correlation regression analysis to evaluate the models of a partnership between households, government, and businesses in financing education and health to ensure increasing productivity of human resources. We proved the crucial role of public funding of health care systems in ensuring the growth of human productivity in Germany, the United States, Britain, and Ukraine, and in Sweden — socially responsible business. With regard to education, the priority in the partnership model in the United States belongs to the business, in Germany to the state, and in other countries, the participation of all partners is equal. Ukraine has relatively low productivity of human resources. Therefore, it is essential to implement measures to improve it and transform the existing funding structure for human development programs and partnership models to ensure its growth. Keywords: management, financing, education, health, social policy, economic growth. JEL Classification E22, I18, I22, J24, O15 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 32.
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Davis, Lance, and Stanley Engerman. "SESSION 4A: ECONOMIC WARFARE Legal and Economic Aspects of Naval Blockade: The United States, Great Britain, and German in World War II." Journal of Economic History 61, no. 2 (June 2001): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701268119.
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Rizzetto, Mauro, Pam J. Crabtree, and Umberto Albarella. "Livestock Changes at the Beginning and End of the Roman Period in Britain: Issues of Acculturation, Adaptation, and ‘Improvement’." European Journal of Archaeology 20, no. 3 (March 27, 2017): 535–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2017.13.
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This article reviews aspects of the development of animal husbandry in Roman Britain, focusing in particular on the Iron Age/Roman and Roman/early medieval transitions. By analysing the two chronological extremes of the period of Roman influence in Britain we try to identify the core characteristics of Romano-British husbandry by using case studies, in particular from south-eastern Britain, investigated from the perspective of the butchery and morphometric evidence they provide. Our aim is to demonstrate the great dynamism of Romano-British animal husbandry, with substantial changes in livestock management occurring at the beginning, the end, and during the period under study. It is suggested that such changes are the product of interactions between different cultural and social traditions, which can be associated with indigenous and external influences, but also numerous other causes, ranging from ethnic origins to environmental, geographic, political, and economic factors.
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Grzywińska-Rąpca, Małgorzata, and Lesław Markowski. "Analysing the financial landscape of European households: Insights from panel data." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 16, no. 3 (September 2023): 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2023/16-3/2.
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This article makes a significant contribution to the existing body of research concerning the subjective evaluations of household financial conditions and the objective analysis of economic circumstances and savings potential within households. The study elucidates the intricate relationships between subjective assessments of household financial situations, broader economic conditions, price trends, and savings potential. Drawing upon data pertaining to households' self-assessments of their current and future financial outlook, this paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of disparities across several European nations. The initial cross-sectional survey study encompassed all member countries of the European Union and Great Britain. The study spanned a timeframe of 32 months, from January 2018 to August 2020, divided into two distinct sub-periods: one preceding the onset of the pandemic and the other during its occurrence. Employing panel models, this research identifies factors significantly influencing subjective evaluations of household financial well-being. The estimations of model parameters during the pandemic period revealed noteworthy trends: assessments of household finances exhibited considerably greater consistency than those observed in the pre-pandemic era. Across both sub-periods, the findings consistently underscored a significant and positive correlation between the evaluation of the overall economic situation within the country and the potential for savings and the subjective assessment of household financial conditions. However, the findings from the pandemic period failed to corroborate a substantial link between assessments of past and future price trends and their impact on household financial evaluations. Furthermore, the regression coefficients within the models describing future financial evaluations demonstrated a pronounced increase when considering the dependent variable as the financial assessment of the preceding year. Given that household opinions hold paramount importance as target variables for economic policies, the investigation into the ramifications of subjective evaluations of household financial situations remains particularly pertinent. These evaluations can exert both direct influence, such as on household welfare, and indirect effects by guiding the formulation of pertinent financial instruments by institutions within the financial sector.
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Volodimur Grubov, Volodimur Grubov, and Igor Khraban Igor Khraban. "SEPARATISM IN SCOTLAND AS A CHALLENGE OF GREAT BRITAIN’S POST-BREXIT UNITY." Socio World-Social Research & Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 03 (December 27, 2023): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/swd13032023-75.
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The article deals with the ontological aspects finding out of the separatist movement in Scotland as a phenomenon of political separatism, which contains the existing differences of ethnic units and state-political entities. The problem of separatism in the historical part of the Great Britain (country), Scotland, which since 2014 has chosen to leave the country, is considered. Attention is drawn to the fact that in the political life of modern British society, separatist sentiments in this country are the product of a long historical and political process, the conflicting pages of which are actively used by the “adult” elite of this region in the struggle for power. A distinctive feature of the modern Scottish separatism is its economic basis, which feeds the political strategy of the Scottish National Party. Considerable weight in the process of secession also belongs to the spiritual and cultural sphere, which over a long historical period formed a stable Scottish identity. It is stated that the Scottish version of separatism embodies the paradigm of political separatism in a distinct region, within which regional and local authorities, spiritual-cultural and socio-economic components function, which gives an additional leverage to the regional elite in the pursuit of independence from London. The factor that has accelerated the process of secession was Brexit, which has been opposed by the Scottish government. Keywords: separatism, Brexit, Scotland, Great Britain, Scottexit, independence, Scottish National Party.
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BORISKIN, V. V. "WORLD INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION OF 1851 IN PERCEPTION OF RUSSIAN CONTEMPORARIES." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 10, no. 2 (2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2021-10-2-23-29.
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The article is devoted to the actual specifically-historical aspects of Great Britain perception in Rus-sia. The aim of the article is to analyze the specifics of the first world industrial exhibition perception by Rus-sian contemporaries. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that holding the Exhibition of 1851 was a grandiose international propaganda of Britain’s success. The presented expositions demonstrated its economic, scientific and technical superiority to the world. It is also noted that the detailed coverage of this event by domestic sources consolidated the traditional industrial and scientific-technical image of Britain in public consciousness of Russians. Particular results of the research can be used in the process of studying historical and cultural disciplines, as well as for further scientific development of the stated issues.
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Mankovsky, I. A. "Institutional Economics as a Scientific Basis for the Transition to a New Technological Order: Prospects and Conditions for Application." Economic Revival of Russia, no. 4 (74) (2022): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37930/1990-9780-2022-4-74-57-67.
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It is noted that the economic development of the Russian Federation takes place in the conditions of digitalization of the economy, the construction of an innovative type of economy with the subsequent transition to a new technological order. It is established that the goals of innovative development and the results to which the economy should come are legalized in the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation and, therefore, are mandatory for implementation. It is stated that achieving the goals of innovative development requires the development of an appropriate economic theory, the methodology of which is based on an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of economic relations. It is argued that the neoclassical economic theory, which uses mathematics and econometrics as a tool for constructing theoretical models and verifying their validity, cannot be recommended for further use as a scientific basis for the digitalization of the economy and its development as an innovation-type economy. It is proposed as a scientific basis for building a new economic policy of the state in the conditions of digitalization of the economy to apply institutional economic theory as a scientific basis that meets the modern requirements of economic development, the methodology of which involves taking into account in the course of economic analysis various aspects of social interaction directly or indirectly capable of influencing the behavior of economic agents. A brief analysis of the publications of Russian scientists in the field of institutional economic theory is carried out, it is concluded that the basis for the development of Russian institutionalism are the scientific achievements of scientists from the USA and Great Britain, but, due to the fact that the scientific achievements of foreign scientists are based on the study of the institutional environment of the USA and Great Britain, which differs in fundamental aspects from the institutional environment of the Russian Federation, the conclusion is made about the need to adapt institutional economic theory to the Russian institutional environment. Proposals are made to carry out priority measures for the development of institutional economic theory corresponding to the political, legal and other social characteristics of the Russian Federation.
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Balina, T. A., A. A. Balina, S. E. Gasumova, and T. D. Popkova. "FEATURES OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN RUSSIA, GREAT BRITAIN AND CHINA." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences 30, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2020-30-2-231-243.
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The state youth policy requires deep study and justification by representatives of social sciences, including sociology and socio-economic geography, which allows us to synthesize various methods of studying society and its well-being. Social geography, having a spatial approach, allows us to determine the territorial features of the course of social phenomena, to identify cause-and-effect relationships between them, to study the general and specific features of the development of territorial communities and population strata. Using the example of Great Britain, China and Russia, the current social problems of young people in countries with different types of socio-economic development are revealed through a comparative analysis of socio-demographic processes. In the context of concepts of well-being, the article considers various aspects of social dependency as a new and little-studied phenomenon. It is revealed that the UK, which implements the liberal principle of public welfare policy, has extensive experience in social work with young people, and the pioneering research of NEET-youth is of international significance. In China social dependency has acquired specific forms, which is largely determined by the principle of egalitarianism, the consequences of demographic policy and traditional mentality. The analysis of modern problems of Russian youth has shown that the rejection of the paternalistic model of social protection of the population had a negative impact on the situation of young people. The article analyzes the results of statistical, sociological research, expert evaluation, included interviews, etc., which revealed the social problems of Russian, British and Chinese youth, including the phenomenon of dependency. It was revealed that the study of dependency in the framework of youth policy and social work will help to activate the younger generation, accelerate its inclusion in society, and improve technologies for solving social problems.
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Mashevskyi, Oleh. "NEW PRIORITIES OF GREAT BRITAIN’S FOREIGN POLICY DURING TONY BLAIR’S PREMIERSHIP." European Historical Studies, no. 24 (2023): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2023.24.4.
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The article analyzes the state and perspectives for the further investigation of the foreign policy of the Prime Minister Tony Blair (1997–2007). It is noted that the attention to the problem is caused both by Great Britain’s support of Ukraine in resisting russian full-scale invasion, and by the high level of activity of T. Blair and his Institute for Global Change, which are actively engaged in the development of concepts regarding a new vision of the place of post-Brexit Great Britain in the world. At the same time, they support Ukraine, actively analyze the importance and impact of russia’s war against Ukraine on the international world and security situation. The work outlines the traditional and new investigations of foreign historians who multifacetedly have scrutinized and continue to research the problems of the foreign policy of Great Britain during the prime ministership of Tony Blair. The formed scientific discourse on the relations of Great Britain with the USA and the EU countries, the problem of Great Britain’s participation in the Iraq war is highlighted. This discourse is marked by a reassessment of observed events, the formation of non-conventional approaches to problems, which is of particular interest and provides prospects for further research. Ukrainian historians continue to research issues of Great Britain’s foreign policy. Emphasis in works devoted to T. Blair’s foreign policy is usually placed on issues of Great Britain’s relations with the USA and the EU, Great Britain’s participation in the Iraq War and a number of military conflicts. The urgent need to form a scientific discourse, systematic, active scientific discussion at conferences and round tables is stressed. The author reveals the aspects of the British foreign policy which have to be investigated in the Ukrainian historiography: the cooperation with the Latin American countries (economic and political motives and interests, for instance, his visit to the states of the region, he was the first British Prime Minister who visited Argentina since the Falklands War), Blair`s interest in the time of his premiership towards the African countries (the creation of the Commission for Africa in 2004) and, especially, his lobbying of the initiatives during his heading in the G8. The article emphasizes the active use of a number of tools of public diplomacy, mass media by T. Blair, his understanding of the world’s globalization trends, and active support of these trends through economic, political and other levers. Moreover, the aspects for the further investigation are mentioned and characterized.
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Hendley, Matthew. "Anti-Alienism and the Primrose League: The Externalization of the Postwar Crisis in Great Britain 1918-32." Albion 33, no. 02 (2001): 243–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0095139000067120.
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Anti-alienism has frequently been the dark underside of organized patriotic movements in twentieth-century Britain. Love of nation has all too frequently been accompanied by an abstract fear of foreigners or a concrete dislike of alien immigrants residing in Britain. Numerous patriotic leagues have used xenophobia and the supposed threat posed by aliens to define themselves and their Conservative creed. Aliens symbolized “the other,” which held values antithetical to members of the patriotic leagues. These currents have usually become even more pronounced in times of tension and crisis. From the end of the First World War through the 1920s, Britain suffered an enormous economic, social, and political crisis. British unemployment never fell below one million as traditional industries such as coal, iron and steel, shipbuilding, and textiles declined. Electoral reform in 1918 and 1928 quadrupled the size of the electorate, and the British party system fractured with the Liberals divided and Labour becoming the alternative party of government. Industrial unrest was rampant, culminating in the General Strike of 1926. The example of the Russian Revolution inspired many on the Left and appalled their opponents on the Right, while many British Conservatives felt that fundamental aspects of the existing system of capitalism and parliamentary democracy were under challenge.
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Tazigh, Faycel. "The Economic, Social, and Environmental Impacts of Generalization of Solar Water Heaters." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 3, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2021.3.2.22.
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This paper aims to quantify the three main aspects of sustainable development, the economic, social, and environmental impacts of the generalization of solar water heaters in Marrakech. In order to conduct this Impact assessment study, we used both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The impact assessment analysis has been done on three different levels: households, Tourism, and private and public institutions. The generalization of SWH at the scale of the city of Marrakech will be in this perspective the origin of a profit today neglected. The resulting impact, both economically and socially, would be great. It is also beneficial and concerns the natural and sanitary environment. Nationally, the direct financial impact of the generalization of SWH at the direct city level is around $ 15 million. The generalization of solar water heaters in Morocco will reduce the national energy bill by 1.3%.
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Ramaz Gerliani, Ramaz Gerliani, and Giga Tvauri Giga Tvauri. "IMPORTANT ASPECTS - WHY MONETARY POLICY DOES NOT WORK IN GEORGIA." New Economist 18, no. 04 (January 10, 2024): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/nec18042023-49.
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Georgia is a developing economy with a gross domestic product of 72.3 billion GEL ($26.8 billion) (Geostat 2022). Macroeconomic parameters in the country react sensitively to various issues. Due to the impact of local or foreign factors, the rate of inflation in the country was double-digit for almost 18 months (Geostat 2022), which was a great loss for the country and its population. This article presents a number of aspects of monetary policy, namely the interest rate and the inappropriate effect of monetary instruments on inflation regulation or exchange rate stabilization, which is conditioned by the overriding rational expectation and normative economic understanding. Using the "micro-macro synthesis" and analysis, the article discusses how important the incomes of citizens and the demand elasticity of the consumer basket are for the effective use of monetary instruments; budget limitation of family farms; The influence of the duration (time) of the use of monetary instruments on monetary policy and the scientific condition of "rational expectation" and "asymmetric information acquisition" by households and business entities. Discussion of the impact of non-inclusive economic growth on the effectiveness of monetary instruments is opened. Finally, we conclude from the discussion that the mentioned economic aspects should be taken into account, including microeconomic ones, when using the monetary policy tools effectively. Keywords: Inflation, Monetary policy, Interest rate, Macroeconomics.
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Mukan, Nataliya, Olena Fuchyla, and Halyna Ihnatiuk. "Constructivist Approach in a Paradigm of Public School Teachers′ Professional Development in Great Britain, Canada, the USA." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 7, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2017-0016.
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Abstract The article dwells on professional development of public school teachers as an inevitable constituent of education systems in the 21st century. In such economically developed countries as Great Britain, Canada and the USA, the problem of preparing teachers to a difficult and responsible task of upbringing and educating future citizens always remains topical. The authors define the following aim and objectives of their research: to conduct analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature and to define the notion of teachers′ “professional development”; to research a place and role of the constructivist approach to professional development of teachers. Some aspects of the problem under research have been studied by foreign and domestic scientists: political, social, cultural and economic aspects of teachers′ professional development (L. Darling-Hammond, M. Tight); elaboration of professional development curricula (C. Pratt); content of teachers′ professional development (N. Dana Fichtman, S. Zepeda); concept-oriented instruction (J. Guthrie); continuing professional development (Ya. Belmaz, A. Kuzminskyi, O. Kuznietsova). The research methodology comprises theoretical (logical, structural and systematic methods, induction and deduction, comparison and compatibility, analysis and synthesis) and applied (observations, questioning and interviewing) methods. The research results have been presented.
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Fuhrer, Karl Christian. "Pawning in German Working-Class Life Before the First World War." International Review of Social History 46, no. 1 (April 2001): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859001000025.
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This essay looks at the patterns of pawning in Germany in the decades preceding the First World War. It tries to present pawning and thus also the economy of nineteenth-century working-class households in a new light. Contrary to the generally accepted view of social historians, it is unlikely that pawning served to secure the proletarian household in periods of real hardship. There is much evidence that pawning was only considered when it seemed very likely that the borrower would be able to redeem the pledge in due course. It was therefore part of a rather stable economic situation. Insecurity of prospects persuaded people to refrain from pawning. Pawnshops thrived not on working-class destitution, but on the very modest “affluence” proletarian families were able to achieve in the era of industrialization. The striking differences between the patterns of pawning in Germany and in Great Britain therefore point to significant differences in proletarian standards of living between the two societies in question.
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Mukan, Nataliya, and Svitlana Kravets. "Methodology of Comparative Analysis of Public School Teachers’ Continuing Professional Development in Great Britain, Canada and the USA." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2015-0063.
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Abstract In the article the methodology of comparative analysis of public school teachers’ continuing professional development (CPD) in Great Britain, Canada and the USA has been presented. The main objectives are defined as theoretical analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, which highlights different aspects of the problem under research; characteristic of the research methodology, used to conduct the comparative analysis. Their major components of the research model (parametric-determining, conceptual and analytical, integrating-analytical and differentiating-analytical, prognostic component) have been defined and specified. Public school teachers’ CPD has been studied by foreign and domestic scientists: political, social, cultural and economic aspects of teachers’ CPD (L. Darling-Hammond, M. Tight); CPD programs (C. Pratt); CPD content (N. Dana Fichtman, M. Rees, A. Ross, S. Zepeda); CPD models, methods and forms (K. Duinlan, P. Grimmet, G. Troia, P. Wong); continuous professional education (Ya. Belmaz, A. Kuzminskyy, O. Kuznyetsova). The research methodology comprises theoretical (comparative-historical, logical, induction and deduction, comparison and compatibility, structural and systematic, analysis and synthesis, general scientific and interdisciplinary forecasting methods), and applied (observations, questioning and interviewing) methods. The research results have been presented.
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Tsegay, Kiros, Hongzhong Fan, AM Priyangani Adikari, and Hailay Shifare. "Does gender matter for household livelihood diversification in Ethiopia rural areas?" International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 6 (September 28, 2021): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i6.1376.
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Nowadays, the non-farm sector gives more attention and high expectations in reducing poverty in sub-Saharan African. Because participation of farm households in the none-farm sector out of their farm activities will play a great role to reduce poverty. Cross-sectional data were used to collect data in 2020 from farm household heads of 371 respondents with the mixed methodology to investigate the effect of demographic factors in none/off-farm economic activities on gender perspective in Ethiopia. In this study, we employ a Logistic regression model to explore the probabilities of household heads' participation in none/off-farm economic activities out of their farm. The result indicated, age and education level have a positive effect and statistically significant effect on increasing non-farm activities with the coefficients of 3.406, 1.956 respectively, confirmed that these variables should take into account in policy development to increase their impact on livelihood diversification. And Gender has a negatively significant on livelihood diversification. FHH is more participants in non-farm economic activities than MHH. Credit access does not contribute to increasing livelihood diversification instead; it contributes to agricultural specialization, not diversification. Surprisingly, family size has insignificant results in non-farm economic activities The outcome indicated it has its implications for the Ethiopian policy and strategy. The government should give more attention to the progressive aspects of non-farm economic activities to eradicate poverty. Whereas, decreasing its negative impact on poorer households by controlling obstacles of non-farm activities.
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Anderson, Peter, Amy O’Donnell, Eva Jané Llopis, and Eileen Kaner. "The COVID-19 alcohol paradox: British household purchases during 2020 compared with 2015-2019." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): e0261609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261609.
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British supermarket-panel data suggest no increases in overall sales and purchases of alcohol following COVID-19 lockdowns, yet survey and mortality data suggest otherwise. This paper attempts to unravel the paradox. Based on purchase data of 79,417 British households from Kantar Worldpanel, we undertake controlled interrupted time series analysis of the impact of COVID-19 confinement introduced on 23rd March 2020, and variably applied during 2020, compared to purchases during 2015 to 2019 as controls. We also undertook Poisson regression analyses to estimate if changes in purchases differed by household socio-demographic and economic factors. Excess off-trade household alcohol purchases (expressed as grams of ethanol) following the introduction of confinement, were 29.2% higher (95% CI = 25.8% to 32.5%) for the post-confinement months of 2020, being larger until mid-July 2020 (37.5%, 95%CI = 33.9 to 41.26%) when pubs re-opened with restrictions, and smaller (24.6%, 95%CI = 21.6 to 27.7) thereafter. During the time of complete pub closures, and fully adjusting for no on-trade purchases, household purchases of alcohol did not change when compared with the same time period during 2015–2019 (coefficient = -0.9%, 95%CI = -5.6 to 3.8). Excess purchases from 23rd March to 31st December 2020 varied by region of Great Britain, being higher in the north of England, and lower in Scotland and Wales. Excess purchases were greater in the most deprived households, compared with the least deprived households. Excess purchases increased substantially as the amount of alcohol normally purchased by a household increased, with the top one fifth of households that normally bought the most alcohol increasing their purchases more than 17 times than the bottom one fifth of households that bought the least alcohol. That the heaviest buyers of alcohol increased their purchases the most, with some independent impact of socio-economic disadvantage, might explain why reported alcohol problems and recent alcohol-related death rates might have increased. A conclusion of this is that alcohol policy to reduce high consumption of alcohol, and the availability of help and treatment to reduce alcohol consumption become more important during extraordinary times, such as COVID lockdowns.
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Atapin, Evgenii. "Evolution of British Euroscepticism in the Second Half of the 20th Century." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 5 (December 2022): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.5.13.
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Introduction. The United Kingdom is the most prominent example of a Eurosceptic country in the EU. For many years the United Kingdom did not feel a part of Europe. Great Britain was geographically separated from continental Europe and psychologically distant from the European integration movement established by the 1957 Treaty of Rome. The British Eurosceptic tradition rested on these geographic and psychological characteristics. Eurosceptic traditions included political, economic, linguistic, cultural and historical aspects that made it difficult for the United Kingdom to accept European integration. Methods and materials. The research methodology is based on narrative and comparative methods. The materials of the study incorporate statements of certain British politicians about attitudes towards European integration, works devoted to the analysis of Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom and manifestos of some far-right political parties. Analysis. A study of the attitude to European integration of the two main political forces of Great Britain, namely the Conservative and the Labour Parties, in the second half of the 20th century is carried out. Results. The study results in the creation of a periodization of British Euroscepticism in the second half of the 20th century. Three stages of evolution of British Euroscepticism in the period under study are distinguished: 1) the stage preceding the entry of Great Britain into the European Communities, conventionally called “Labour”; 2) the stage of the United Kingdom’s participation in the “common market”, conventionally called “Conservative”; 3) the stage of Britain’s participation in the European Union, conventionally called “Right-wing populist”. Their chronological framework is established and their main characteristics are given.
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Lebedeva, L. F., and P. A. Aksenov. "JOSEPH BIDEN’S NEW ECONOMIC POLICY: GLOBAL DIMENSION." International Trade and Trade Policy 7, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2021-2-7-16.
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The Biden’s administration took office when the US’s facing the global challenge of pandemic and the recession. Changes in American policy, particularly as concerning international trade, immigration; climate policy initiatives, represent new effects and challenges. Rejoining the Paris climate agreement was one of the first decisions of the new administration. The climate agenda means keeping global warming under control; and trade policy may be part of this process. Making economic development more inclusive and decarbonized, introducing new fuel efficiency standards needs time; as CO2 emissions per capita in US and Canada now are much higher than in France, Great Britain, Germany. Although president Biden entered office having majority in both chambers of Congress, it may not be enough for passing legislation concerning some aspects of his policy agenda, including climate, budget, immigration. So the President started to realize his policy immediately after inauguration through executive orders. Addressing the trade issues, environment agenda, the new administration underlines that approach to international economic relations will be different (from Trump’s priorities), restoring American leadership abroad. Being at the pathway toward recovery at the beginning of the current year, the American economy still needs support and stimulus under struggling with pandemic consequences.
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Ivanov, Nikolai. "The Monroe Doctrine and Anglo-American Rivalry in Latin America, 19th – early 20th centuries." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 5 (2023): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640028070-5.
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In the article, the author analyses the issues related to the US adoption of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 in the context of Anglo-American confrontation and rivalry in Latin America. The author examines the relations between the USA and Great Britain during the Spanish American wars of independence, the main aspects of the policy of “neutrality”, the actual support of Latin American patriots in their struggle against the Spanish metropole. Despite the common interest in preventing European competitors from entering South America, the Americans did not sign a joint document with the British, despite repeated proposals from London. The Doctrine was put into effect under conditions unfavourable to the US, characterised by Britain's unchallenged world domination in military and economic power. However, by the end of the nineteenth century, the situation changed dramatically in favour of the USA. The author analyses the content of the Doctrine (“America for the Americans”), its adjustment in the course of the rivalry between the USA and Great Britain in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the concessions made by the UK in its rivalry with its strategic competitor. In all events related to the Anglo-American rivalry in Latin America, the Monroe Doctrine was the “starting point’ for the actions and statements of American politicians, and it is not by chance that President Woodrow Wilson stated at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference that the doctrine should be extended to the whole world.
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Abdul Hamid Khan and Salman Hamid Khan. "Kipling, Railways, and The Great Game." Central Asia 86, Summer (November 28, 2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-86.78.
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The paper explores Rudyard Kipling’s perspective on the importance of railways in India which is the theme of some of his poetic and prose work. Coupled with this, an overview of the importance of railways and its military, economic and social aspects in Central Asia, in the backdrop of the Great Game of the 19th Century between Russia and Britain is also offered. This study attempts to correlate the significance of the Trans-Caspian Railway (TCR), founded in 1879 and the North Western State Railway in British India formed seven years later in 1886. It also takes into account the railways’ cultural importance for the people of Central Asia. The most important aspect of the subject under assessment is how the construction of railway lines worked as a device and a tool to strengthen the hold of both the colonizing powers. It is in this context that the poet and novelist Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) glorified the benefits of Indian railways as a stabilizing factor for the strength of the Raj. The paper attempts to establish that railways not only strengthened colonial rule in both Central Asia and India but brought significant social and economic changes in the lives of the people living on both sides of the border. The perspective here is a post-colonial one that offers insights on the effects of colonization, most importantly the modernizing agenda or the enlightenment package attached to the great design of imperialism and empire-building. But the picture that appears after the passing of colonization is hazy when looked at the hybridized and ambivalent view that Kipling held, and also taking into account the hegemony, control, and the politics of aesthetics.
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Никонов, О. А. "International aspects of the formation of national bourgeoisie in Iraq under the British mandate." Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, no. 2(79) (August 7, 2023): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2023.79.2.004.
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В статье рассматриваются исторические условия становления национальной буржуазии Ирака в 20-е годы XX века. Предпринята попытка проанализировать роль британских и российских властей в формировании международной конъюнктуры, задавшей вектор развитию предпринимательского класса Ирака в период мандатной зависимости. Особое внимание автора уделено стратегическим инициативам Великобритании, направленным на включение территории Месопотамии в глобальный план страны-метрополии по организации единой торгово-логистической системы в Индо-Средиземноморском регионе. Автор приходит к выводу, что реализация британских замыслов по сохранению собственного влияния в регионе привела к серьезным системным изменениям в иракском обществе, что впоследствии отразилось не только на перспективах экономического развития страны, но и на специфике социогенеза иракского общества. Финансовые и юридические рамки, установленные Великобританией для работы национального бизнес-класса, задали тренд на формирование в Ираке преимущественно торговой буржуазии, компрадорской по своему настрою, не способной создать материально-технический фундамент для независимого развития национальной экономики. The article examines the historical conditions for the formation of Iraqi national bourgeoisie in the 1920s. it analyzes the role of the British and Russian authorities in shaping the international conjuncture that set the vector for the development of the Iraqi business class during the period of mandate dependence. The author pays special attention to the strategic initiatives of Great Britain that were aimed at including the territory of Mesopotamia in the global plan of the metropolitan country, to organize a unified trade and logistics system in the Indo-Mediterranean region. The author arrives at the conclusion that the implementation of British plans to maintain their influence in the region led to serious systemic changes in Iraqi society, which subsequently affected not only the prospects for the country’s economic development, but also the specific sociogenesis of Iraqi society. The financial and legal framework set by Great Britain for operation of the national business activities set a trend for the formation of a predominantly commercial bourgeoisie in Iraq, comprador in its goals and unable to create a material and technical foundation for an independent development of the national economy.
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Falaleev, P. I. "The Marshall Plan and the European Integration: The Stance of Great Britain and France (1947–1948)." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 3 (November 20, 2020): 165–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-3-165-190.
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The development and implementation of the Marshall Plan has been studied quite thoroughly in both Russian and foreign academic literature. Nevertheless, certain aspects of this problematique require further examination, particularly the reaction of the Western European countries to the initiative of the Secretary of State G. Marshall, as well as the impact of the Plan on the process of the European integration in general. The paper demonstrates that this reaction was far from simple and often contradictory since the key Western states had very different views on the future of mutual relations, as well as on the prospects for post-war recovery and development of Europe. The paper examines the evolution of the French and British leaders’ views on these issues from the first discussions of the projects to provide US aid to Western Europe to the implementation of the Marshall Plan. The negotiations revealed significant points of disagreement among the parties particularly regarding the relations with the USSR, the German question, and conditions for receiving assistance from the United States. The author stresses that the need to defend their interests during the course of negotiations with the US representatives contributed greatly to the rapprochement of Britain and France and, at the same time, catalyzed debates on the integration of Western Europe. In this regard the author emphasizes that the idea of regional economic integration received mixed reaction in the American elites. While some considered this process as an effective means of bringing the Western countries together, particularly, over the German question, others feared that integration of Western Europe could potentially lead to the emergence of a new competitor to the USA. The author concludes that the growing popularity of integration projects in Europe in 1947–1948 stemmed from a range of factors, including both a combination of internal European political processes and short-term and long-term consequences of the Marshall Plan. Whereas in terms of economic development of Western Europe the latter were rather ambiguous and are still the subject of controversy, in terms of world politics the Marshall Plan exacerbated block-to-block confrontation in Europe, characteristic of the Cold War period.
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S.Bychkov, S. Bychkov. "ASPECTS OF PUBLIC CRISIS MANAGEMENT: BEST PRACTICES AND POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE." Socio World-Social Research & Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 01 (March 23, 2023): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/swd11012023-43.
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At the article, the experience of public crisis management in the post-war period in Japan and Germany was considered. Among the main features of crisis measures, the following were highlighted: demonopolization of the economy, support for the development of small and medium businesses, tax reform, accelerated industrialization of technologically backward regions of the country, government protectionism of local production, and prevention of foreign and domestic competition. At the article the special attention was paid to the crisis measures used by the governments of some countries in the management of certain depressed areas (Germany, Great Britain, Italy, USA). It was revealed that the key is to stimulate production, business and increase employment in the regions. However, some countries are taking comprehensive measures to improve all regions simultaneously, while others are paying more attention to economically backward regions in order to provide them with the opportunity to take an active part in the socio-economic development of the country. Separately, public crisis management decisions taken by a number of governments in order to minimize the negative consequences of the global financial crisis of 2008 were analyzed. All activities can be combined into several main blocks, namely the creation of an additional system of social protection for employees, the expansion of opportunities for employment growth, the development and implementation of retraining and advanced training programs for employees. Keywords: public crisis management, best practices, implementation, support, government, economic development.
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Lambropoulou, Effi. "Citizens’ Safety, Business Trust and Greek Police." International Review of Administrative Sciences 70, no. 1 (March 2004): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852304041233.
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This article examines the possibilities for the Greek police to use performance measurement. The article first presents the context from which the monopoly of the state police began to be questioned. It briefly describes the development and essential trends in this type of evaluation for police forces in Great Britain, the initiator of quality reforms in the public sector in Europe and where considerable experience has been accrued. In the second part, the concepts of security and trust are explored and used as the theoretical background for a small-scale empirical study. It examines whether testing the effectiveness of policing can help in developing the necessary sense of security and trust required by small businesses to expand their enterprises. Furthermore, it examines whether such knowledge could motivate security companies to offer a more economic service to a larger number of households and private enterprises by cooperating with the state police and if such measurement would prove useful for them and their customers. Finally, some conclusions are formulated in reference to safety, police culture and organization, as well as to the quality of reform in Greece.
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Varlamova, M. "Cross-cultural aspects of business negotiations." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 72, no. 5 (2021): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.05.103.
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The features of conducting business negotiations with foreign partners, taking into account the influence of cultural factors are investigated in this paper. The systematization of approaches to understanding business negotiations is performed and it is determined that business negotiations are bilateral or multilateral processes of communication, as a result of which a joint decision concerning business interests realization is made. Scientific approaches to the cultures grouping by certain features, particularly, E. Hall, G. Hofstede and R. Lewis, Florence Clachon and Fred Strodbeck, D. Pinto, R. Gesteland, F. Trompenaars and C. Hampden-Turner are considered. Analysis of the manifestation of certain cultural features in relation to the representatives of the countries with which Ukraine currently has the most developed trade and economic relations is carried out. Accordingly, the probability of the need to negotiate the foreign economic activity implementation is rather high. The following countries are selected among them according to 2020 statistics: China, Poland, India, Spain, Italy, Russia, Belarus, Egypt, the Netherlands, Germany, Romania, Turkey, Hungary, USA, Belgium, Israel, Indonesia, Iraq, Moldova, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, France and the Czech Republic. Using Hert Hofstede's approach and his theory of cultural dimensions for the listed countries, the indicators characterizing the manifestation of the distance of power, individualism, masculinity, avoidance of uncertainty, long-term orientation and indulgence are analyzed. The countries which cultures are the closest to Ukraine’s one are identified according to the above mentioned methodology, and, consequently, the construction of communications with their representatives is more understandable and is characterized by lower probability of misunderstandings due to cultural factors. For other countries the cultural features similar and different from Ukraine ones are defined. Taking into account these features, recommendations for planning and conducting business negotiations with representatives of other countries, aimed at increasing the benefits and opportunities for Ukraine in the process of making joint decisions with partners are given.
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Sagimbaev, A. V. "Concept of British Commonwealth in Activities of Round Table Group at Beginning of ХХ Century." Nauchnyi dialog 1, no. 7 (July 29, 2021): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-7-449-462.
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Some aspects of the complex intellectual discussion that accompanied the transformation of the British colonial system at the beginning of the 20th century are considered. Based on the analysis of published works, a generalized description of the conceptual views of the members of the “Round Table” group regarding the formation of the political and legal foundations of the British Commonwealth, as well as the development of close cooperation between Great Britain and self-governing dominions is given. At the same time, special attention is paid to the study of the practical significance of the ideas of A. Milner, L. Curtis and other intellectuals who were part of the group of intellectuals for transforming the forms and methods of managing the vast domains of the British crown. This transformation was due to a complex of factors of a socio-economic, political, moral and psychological nature, which Great Britain was forced to face in the first decades of the 20th century. It is noted that the changes that took place in the governing system of the largest colonial empire in history, among other things, contributed to the subsequent formation of mechanisms of international influence, which at the beginning of the 21st century were called “soft power”. It is shown that, on the other hand, in their theoretical constructions A. Milner and his followers strove to preserve the continuity of the ideology of imperialism, which gained popularity in the British establishment in the late Victorian period.
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Jeder, Daniela. "Pedagogy of diversity in teacher training." Journal of Education, Society & Multiculturalism 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jesm-2022-0029.
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Abstract The present work outlines a series of arguments that support the need for awareness and involvement of teacher trainers in the development of competences for diversity from the stage of initial training. The work also proposes an analysis of knowledge, skills, attitudes of a cognitive, social, emotional nature, self-knowledge capacities, ethical values, etc. as structured ensembles that can be dynamically trained for the purpose of training and developing the competences for diversity of teachers. A sequential presentation of the Professional Standards for teachers from Romania, Great Britain, Australia and France from the perspective of diversity and inclusion offers some benchmarks for an educational practice that promotes equal opportunities for education and development of all children, regardless of differences in the socio-economic status, language, culture/personality, race/ethnicity, religion, abilities or disabilities, learning styles, aspects of personality etc. that differentiate them.
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Ваулин, Д. В. "Financing Research in lnstitutions of Higher Education: Ways to lncrease the lncome of Universities." Higher education today, no. 7 (September 30, 2022): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/rnu.het.22.07.p.010.
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Рассмотрены различные аспекты выполнения учреждениями высшего образования государственных заданий. Представлены предложения по внедрению передовых экономико-организационных методов повышения доходов вузов на основе опыта учреждений высшего образования США и Великобритании в проведении исследований по лечению редких и генетических заболеваний. Материалы статьи ориентированы на государственных служащих, руководителей высших учебных заведений, контрольноревизионного управления Министерства финансов Российской Федерации. Various aspects of the implementation of state tasks by institutions of higher education are considered. The paper presents proposals for the introduction of advanced economic and organizational methods to increase the income of universities based on the experience of higher education institutions in the United States and Great Britain in conducting research on the treatment of rare and genetic diseases. The materials of the article are aimed at civil servants, heads of higher educational institutions, the control and audit department of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.
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Voronchuk, Iryna. "The City of Polonne in the Early Modern Period: Socio-Economic and Demographic Aspects." Ukrainian Studies, no. 3(84) (November 9, 2022): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.3(84).2022.260314.
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Despite the fact that in recent times the studies in urbanization processes in Ukrainian lands have undergone great advancements, the history of Ukrainian cities especially in the early modern period has not yet been sufficiently delved into. Therefore, studies in regional and local history remain topical for the Ukrainian historiography. The article looks at the history of the city of Polonne in the early modern period and is based on the Inventory of the division of the estates of Prince Oleksandr Ostrogski among his heirs in 1620. This study sheds light on how the city, which was known since the Old Rus times, was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later into the domain of the Ostrozki princely family. On the basis of the Inventory’s description, the spatial organization of the city, its internal arrangement, the system and special features of the buildings were studied. Such socio-topographical parts of the city as Zamok, Peredhoroddia, Stare Polonne, Nove Polonne, Luka and Zagroddia were identified. The article analyses the city socio-demographic situation, in particular, it gives numbers of settled households and within them the numbers of family structures and separate families. The ethnic composition, religious confessions of the city and its self-government on the basis of the Magdeburg law are described as well. With regard to the city’s economic life, it was found out that there had been at least 196 craftsmen and tradesmen in 46 fields. The duties of the citizens were also identified as well as their involvement in agriculture. The article proves that at the beginning of the 17th century the city was an important socio-cultural organism with a well-developed guild organization of crafts and a system of town self-government based on the Magdeburg law. The role of the owners of the city of Polonne – the princes of the House of Ostrogski – in its development in the early modern times is emphasized.
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Sørensen, Anne. "Women's organisations among the Kipsigis: change, variety and different participation." Africa 62, no. 4 (October 1992): 547–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161350.
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AbstractThe article argues that the great economic transformations which have occurred in Kipsigis society, particularly since the turn of this century, have fundamentally changed the ties women establish among themselves at the local level, outside the close family and the household. The ways in which women live and work together, as wives and mothers, have changed in a way which seriously undermines the collective sanctions of female solidarity across households. In this process of change women's indigenous ways of associating have developed other forms and new women's organisations have emerged with governmental and other ‘outside’ support. The article deals primarily with changes in the co-operative efforts in which Kipsigis women have traditionally engaged. Its focus is on women's neighbour-hood-level work groups, but it also examines other and more recent local-level groups and organisations that deal with different aspects of women's lives.
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Bogdan, V. V., E. V. Chernykh, and R. W. Khalin. "CONSEQUENCES OF BRexIT FOR CONSUMERS AND LEGISLATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF CONSUMERS 'RIGHTS IN GREAT BRITAIN." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 22, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-1-204-210.
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This article considers one of the topical issues of the development of legislation on consumer rights protection in the European Union countries in connection with Great Britain’s withdrawal from EU. European legislation on the protection of consumer rights has a number of features since all participants at the very beginning of the EU’s existence pledged to share responsibility for enacting legislation that protects consumer rights. The authors dwell on the problems of consumer rights protection in the UK, the consolidation of the legislation on consumer rights protection, and the models for building relations between the UK and EU: British membership in the European Economic Area (EEA); relations only within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO); cooperation, built on individual terms. In the study, the authors used analytical and formal-legal methods, the method of abstraction which made it possible to formulate conclusions on the conducted research. The authors come to the conclusion that there are strong relations between the rules of the Institute for the Protection of Consumer Rights of Great Britain and the legislation of the EU, so no major changes are currently expected. The Law "On the Rights of Consumers" not only introduced colossal changes in the national English legislation, but also summarized various aspects of consumer legislation in one legislative act. Such consolidation of consumer law in the UK has proved to be one of the most complex and promising legislative acts within the EU. Currently, it is difficult to predict the consequences of the UK’s exit from the EU for consumers and business, not knowing the scenario of the development of transitional or future relations with the EU. Undoubtedly, the next two years of the transition period will be difficult, since the decisions will be made by 27 EU countries without the participation of Great Britain.
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Гречан, Алла, and Артем Коба. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ МОТИВАЦІЇ ОПЛАТИ ПРАЦІ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ." Automobile Roads and Road Construction, no. 112 (November 30, 2022): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2022-112-309-315.
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The article analyzes the peculiarities of remuneration of employed persons in the business sector. Compliance of "pay indicators" with the legislative basis of Ukraine - in particular, the Code of Labor Laws of Ukraine No. 322-08 dated 07.23.1996 (ed. dated 08.19.2022) and the Law of Ukraine "On Remuneration" No. 108/95 was determined - VR from 03/24/1995 (edited from 08/19/2022). The social, humanitarian, political and legal orientations of "labor remuneration" in the domestic doctrine of labor are outlined. The genesis of the right to work in Ukraine is analyzed in accordance with the provisions of Art. 43 of the Basic Law of the Constitution of Ukraine. The philosophical and terminological context of the "employer-employee" relationship is considered. The positive and negative aspects of the payment of an employment contract (TD) and a civil law agreement (CPU) are determined in accordance with the labor legislation of Ukraine and the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine No. 435-IV dated 16.01.2003 (edited from 01.08.2022). An analysis of the mechanisms for increasing the wages of workers in the developed countries of the world – the EU, the USA, Great Britain, etc. – was carried out. In particular, the precedents of the formation of "salary policy" by the ETUC (European Trade Union Confederation) among the 27 EU member states, the mechanisms for increasing wages and establishing the minimum (marginal) permissible limits of labor remuneration in accordance with the policy of the US Department of Labor (U.S. Department) are outlined. of Labor), features of the formation of the wage and salary policy of Great Britain, which is directed and coordinated by the National Economic Council (National Economic Council). Features of employee stimulation by increasing wages are described. The phenomenon of "work-life balance" (the balance of work and personal life) and the payment policy of enterprises as the root cause of its generation have been studied. The mechanisms of trade union protection of an employed person against systematic violations of labor legislation are outlined –– in Ukraine, the EU, the USA and Great Britain, respectively. The relationship between remuneration and the level of personal motivation of the employee has been proven. The definition of the "job satisfaction scale" (job satisfaction scale) as a psychological constant characteristic of the research-management doctrine of the USA is singled out.
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Drobyazko, Svetlana, Yurii Malakhovskyi, Ruslana Zhovnovach, and Mohamed Mohamed. "The concept of the mechanism of managing the intellectual resources of the innovative active enterprises’ employees (experience of Great Britain)." Economics. Ecology. Socium 4, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2020.4.1-3.
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Introduction. Management of competencies of innovative workers in specific conditions of functioning of innovatively active enterprises as producing ecosystems is considered as the dominant direction of managing the process of production of new knowledge, localized within a specific organization, which can increase the consumer value of final consumption goods/services in the process of global value chains’ formation.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the publication is to summarize United Kingdom practices in the management of intellectual resources of innovatively active enterprises.
Results. The purpose of the United Kingdom science and innovation policy is to develop the professional skills of the population, to organize world-class research and education, to apply knowledge and skills to develop a competitive economy. The established network of science and innovative policy management entities is in line with the open innovation demand model, which implies the establishment of effective cooperation between universities, business organizations, suppliers, consumers. The generalized model of organizational and economic mechanism of regulation of intellectual resources of innovatively active enterprises personnel as knowledge-intensive sociocentric networks is presented in the form of a structured system focused on the behavioral aspects of the activity of subjects of production of new knowledge of means of regulatory and indicative influence on the configuration of regulatory objects that are subordinated to the sub-system in the conditions of global competition.
Conclusions. To fully meet the requirements of innovating the organizational and economic mechanism regulation of intellectual capital’ innovatively active enterprises corresponds to the incorporation into the toolkit of realization of the purpose and tasks of development of the means of forecasting the future state, structure, prospects of increasing the value of its elements. This trend of modernization provides an opportunity to increase intellectual capital through the introduction of Foresight procedures for analysing the impact on it of scientific and technological innovations, formulating and modernizing the mission of forecasting inclusive social capital, comprehensive specification of the regulatory sector, taking into account economic macro and mesoscenarios. At the same time, the proposed means increase the degree of scientific substantiation of the processes of regulation of enterprise development by implementing the analysis of alternative scenarios of intellectual capital growth of innovatively active ecosystems of microeconomic level, open the possibility of developing technological roadmaps for the implementation of targeted programs for long-term research, long-term research development of themes and programs for the implementation of applied social technologies at the request of stakeholders.
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PALERMO, Mariano, Pablo A. ACQUAFRESCA, Miguel BRUNO, and Francisco TARSITANO. "HERNIOPLASTY WITH AND WITHOUT MESH: ANALYSIS OF THE IMMEDIATE COMPLICATIONS IN A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL." ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) 28, no. 3 (September 2015): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-67202015000300002.
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Background: Inguinal hernia repair is the most common procedure in general surgery and 80,000 operations are performed annually in Great Britain, 100,000 in France and 700,000 in the US. Given its high frequency has a major impact, both in the medical and economic aspects. Aim: Analyze the immediate postoperative complications comparing mesh versus non mesh hernioplasty. Method: Randomized control trial, with the enrollment of 263 patients underwent surgery for inguinal hernia randomized by randomization table. Treatment (mesh, Lichtenstein or without mesh, Bassini technique) was assigned using sequentially numbered opaque envelopes having fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The variables analyzed were: postoperative pain, seroma, hematoma, infection, return to normal activities and recurrence. Results: The mean age was 55.5 years, 88% patients were male and 12% female. The pain was higher in patients operated with mesh. Conclusions: The inguinal hernia repair mesh group had less immediate postoperative complications and significantly earlier return to work than hernioplasty without mesh, this being one of the most important conclusions.
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Khan, Akash, and Liu Hongzhong. "The Troika’s (the U.S, Russia and China) Competitive Plans of Integration for Central Asia." Central Asia 87, Winter (April 6, 2021): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-87.118.
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The Central Asian hinterland had been the central point of the 19th century imperial rivalry between Russia and Britain. The importance of Central Asia remains the same, though the players and its dimensions have changed. Two aspects have increased the importance of Central Asia in global politics. First aspect is the geographical position of Central Asia, that the region is landlocked. Therefore, it requires developed overland connectivity routes to approach other states and markets. The second aspect is the abundance of gas and oil reserves in the area. The concept of control over integration is the soul of the current geostrategic situation of Central Asia. The three great powers such as China, Russia and USA are working on their integration plan to provide direction to the region and manipulate the region according to their desires and interests. The great powers try to increase their own influence and to deny it to others (competitors). The great powers struggle for control over the production and marketing of hydrocarbon resources, transit routes and their influence in the region. Competition and collaboration are manifest in the changing competition and competitive interests of the great powers. Beijing enjoys a favorable geographical position over the Washington and is close to the region. Beijing enjoys huge financial and economic leverage as compared to Moscow. China’s initiative is providing outlets to Central Asian Republics (CARs) and consequently, the region is rapidly coming under its influence.
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Suek, Jonathan, and Okto Risdianto Manullang. "PERILAKU PERJALANAN PENGGUNA SEPEDA MOTOR UNTUK TUJUAN BEKERJA DI PUSAT KOTA SEMARANG (STUDI KASUS: KORIDOR SEGITIGA EMAS)." TATALOKA 21, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.21.1.23-42.
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Working activity is one of the subsistence activities with the highest motivation level to travel. In Semarang City, the workplace is still dominant (75.04%) located in the city center, so the city center has a great attraction. It makes the provision of public transportation, such as Trans Semarang has a high service area in the city center. Currently, the Segitiga Emas Corridor has been serviced by 5 bus lines, but workers are still using motorcycles. In city scale, the dependency of motorcycle use reached 79.58% in Semarang City. On the other hand, the value of Trans Semarang loading factor is only 54%. This phenomenon is suspected to occur because of public transport services that have not been in accordance with the user’s travel behavior. Travel behavior can be measured through travel patterns that are formed by scheduling daily activities. Decisions in determining travel patterns are inseparable from the socio-demographic, economic and residential aspects. This study aims to understand the relationship between the travel patterns of workers with these aspects, as well as analyzing predictor variables on understanding the provision of urban mass transportation. The research method used is quantitative approach by using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis through structural equation model (SEM). The results showed that unmarried workers and workers who do not have children or already do not have children at school age are potential workers who can switch modes to Trans Semarang (49,5%). Therefore, married workers with dual-earners in households, have 1-2 school-age children and small households tend to travel complex and difficult to facilitate by Trans Semarang service. Thus, transport services should be tailored to the characteristics and needs of workers, at least for potential demand to attract new users
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Kozin, S. V. "Society in the period of COVID–19. Review of the collective monograph “Pandemic COVID-19: challenges, consequences, counteraction” (edited by A.V. Torkunov, S.V. Ryazantsev, V.K. Levashov)." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 28, no. 3 (September 14, 2022): 306–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2022-28-3-306-319.
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The article presents the author's views on the new collective monograph “The COVID-19 pandemic: challenges, consequences, counteraction” (Moscow: “Aspect Press”, 2021), which claims to provide almost comprehensive coverage and generalization of foreign and domestic theoretical and practical thought, information devoted to the study of the emergence and further development of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the world. A comparative analysis of sociological studies (for example: Great Britain, Italy, Russia, USA) devoted to measuring the social opinion of the population regarding the consequences of COVID-19 is extremely valuable. In general, the collective monograph published will tell the reader on its pages about the genesis of the development of world pandemics that have left their bright mark, about the prevailing socio-political and economic aspects during COVID-19, about existing measures of state assistance to the population and much more. Within the framework of this review, the content of all five chapters of the collective monograph was briefly highlighted, in addition, the author of the article selectively highlighted and supplemented the most controversial and even overlooked by the authors of the work significant aspects. In conclusion, it is concluded that this scientific academic work is aimed at a wide range of readers.
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Tucki, Karol, Olga Orynycz, Andrzej Wasiak, Antoni Świć, and Wojciech Dybaś. "Capacity Market Implementation in Poland: Analysis of a Survey on Consequences for the Electricity Market and for Energy Management." Energies 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2019): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050839.
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The power sector is currently experiencing a dynamic transformation, resulting not only from EU directives, but also from current problems, mainly related to ensuring energy security for customers. For this reason, in Poland, it was decided that the model of electricity market operation needed to be changed. A dual market has been created, and a separated segment is the capacity market. This solution operates, in addition to other power mechanisms, in many European Union countries, e.g., in France, Great Britain, and Italy. The experience of these countries indicates the positive impact of the power market on various aspects of the power sector, such as legal, economic, technical and technological, social, and infrastructural aspects, mainly due to technological neutrality and open competition between power suppliers. The creation of the structure of an energy market drastically changes the rules of energy management, which requires investigations concerning the impact of those factors on the energy sector in Poland. The aim of this work is to examine the impact of the power market on the Polish power sector, and to determine the impact of individual consequences on several predefined areas. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was used. The purpose of a detailed analysis is to develop probable scenarios for the sustainable development of the Polish energy sector.
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Siudek, Tomasz, and Aldona Zawojska. "Supply-chain sustainability under the EU system of carbon pricing and trading." Ekonomika i Organizacja Logistyki 7, no. 3 (August 17, 2022): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiol.2022.7.3.23.
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As global climate change continues, policymakers at various levels of government have taken up the great challenge of decarbonisation and adopted tools to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental policy, including climate policy, is explicitly aimed at promoting environmental protection and conservation, but it also carries economic and social effects. Academic interest in sustainable supply chains has grown significantly in recent years. Social aspects, as well as the integration of the three dimensions of sustainability, are still rare. The purpose of this study is: (1) to review the most recent literature on greenhouse gas emissions policies, particularly pollution taxes and pollution rights trading schemes; (2) to investigate the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) with a focus on market and price development; (3) to identify possible effects of this system on supply-chain sustainability; (4) to offer inspiration for further research into the links between the EU ETS and sustainable development of the supply chain. The article concentrates on the impact of the cap-and-trade scheme on the three pillars of sustainable development: the environmental, economic and social dimensions. The findings of this study prove that this scheme has significantly affected not only upstream regulated sectors, but also downstream companies in the supply chain as well as households. In addition, our investigation suggests the presence of trade-offs between the environmental (climate) and socio-economic goals of sustainable development as a result of applying the EU ETS.
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Venherska, Natalia, and Ruslana Vorona. "SMARTIZATION AND DECARBONIZATION OF UKRAINIAN METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISES AS DIRECTIONS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 3 (2023): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2023.3.5.
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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of the innovative development of metallurgical enterprises based on smartization and decarbonization in the conditions of European integration. Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods of economic research were used in the process of conducting the research, in particular: a systematic approach – for highlighting the theoretical aspects of the digital economy, the Internet of Things, eco-modernization and “green” corporate culture; analysis – to reveal the processes of digitization, smartization and decarbonization in the metallurgical industry; interdisciplinary – for considering the problem of innovative development of the metallurgical industry; abstract and logical – when making theoretical generalizations and forming conclusions. Findings. The theoretical aspects of the digital economy, the Internet of Things, eco-modernization and “green” corporate culture are highlighted. The trends of smartization and decarbonization of international and Ukrainian metallurgical enterprises are shown. The trends, problems and needs of the metallurgical industry in the conditions of European integration are highlighted. Enterprises of the metallurgical industry need eco-modernization, “greening” of production and “green” culture, finding investments for decarbonization, increasing competitiveness on an innovative basis, and adapting to the requirements of the European Green Deal. It is proposed to ensure technological development thanks to investments in smart technologies and “green” innovations through investment partnerships with EU countries and Great Britain. It is important to build an innovative HR management system and “green” corporate culture, which affects the improvement of the environmental efficiency of the enterprise. Originality. Possible directions of the metallurgical industry enterprises transformation to a new level of technological development are proposed: 1) investments in smart technologies and “green” innovations through investment partnerships with EU countries and Great Britain; 2) studying the best European practices of transition to green production, taking into account adaptation to Ukrainian conditions; 3) formation of innovative corporate culture through cultural digital transformations and “green” culture at enterprises. Practical value. The proposed recommendations can be used for the strategic directions improvement of metallurgical enterprises development in the conditions of smartization and decarbonization of production. Key words: metallurgical enterprise, smartization, decarbonization, innovative corporate culture, green values, European integration.
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Manuylenko, V., and Marina Galazova. "THE ESSENCE OF THE CORPORATION'S DIGITAL ASSETS BASED ON THE SYNERGY OF ECONOMIC, LEGAL, TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ITS MANIFESTATION." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 10, no. 4 (December 28, 2022): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2022-10-4-77-92.
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The ambiguous interpretation of the essence, classification of types of digital assets of corporations by economists, lawyers, IT specialists in Russian and foreign literature justifies the need to study their content in various aspects and consider their main types, recognition criteria. In this regard, it is important to study the manifestation of the essence of digital assets of corporations from the perspective of synergy of 3 aspects: economic, legal, technological, which determines the relevance and timeliness of the study. The conducted research shows that the problematic aspect implies the presence of many positions, discussions on the interpretation of the content of digital assets of corporations in economics, law, computer science, which requires the allocation of clear criteria for their classification within each aspect, identifying the features of their manifestation, having theoretical and practical significance for further valuation of digital assets.
With the help of general scientific and special methods: analysis, synthesis, detailing and generalization, selective observation, grouping, formalization, analogy, inductive, deductive, abstract-logical, comparative, the essence and content of digital assets of corporations are revealed from the standpoint of economic, legal, technological aspects, which made it possible to identify the main features of their manifestation, establish the relationship between them.
In the field of research: it is characterized that the digital asset of corporations from the standpoint of the economic aspect – a type of economic asset that has value, the legal aspect – participates in civil turnover, the technological aspect – is created on the basis of digital technologies, which made it possible to identify its main properties-signs: intangible and digital form, possession of economic value for the owner or user, manifested exclusively in the information system; a comparative characteristic of digital tokens in Russia, Belarus, Great Britain, Switzerland, USA was carried out, which showed that in Russia the equalization of tokens and digital assets is not always permissible; "crypto assets", "virtual assets", tokens as types of digital assets were considered, the relationship of "crypto assets" and tokens was revealed. As a result, it is established that a digital asset is a kind of economic asset involved in civil turnover, existing in intangible and digital forms based on digital technologies, showing its value in the information system. It is argued that the synergy of the economic, legal, technological aspects of the essence of digital assets is clearly manifested in the process of characterization of such types as "crypto assets", "virtual assets", the relationship of "crypto assets" and tokens.