Academic literature on the topic 'Households – economic aspects – great britain'
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Journal articles on the topic "Households – economic aspects – great britain"
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Žygaitienė, Birutė, and Evelina Buivydaitė. "A Teacher of Technological Education in Lithuania, Great Britain and Finland. What is She Like?" Pedagogika 129, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 268–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2018.18.
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The aim of the article is to compare the curricular of technology education and requirements for a technology education teacher in the analysed countries. The following conclusions have been made:
1. The conceptions of technological education in Lithuania, Great Britain and Finland are closely related to the aspects of integrity with other study subjects and the aim to prepare learners for successful adaptation in society. During lessons of technologies in Lithuania the modules of nutrition, textile, constructive materials, electronics and design are learnt. The lessons of design and technologies in Great Britain include innovative project learning of digital and engineering technologies and school learners study textile, constructive materials, design and nutrition.
During lessons of household economics in Finland, personal school learners’ qualities are developed while learning modules of nutrition and textile, whereas the subject-specific content of household economics is not emphasised. The aspect of technology modules is highlighted in the lessons of technologies and design and technologies, whereas that of social education is observed in household economics.
2. The requirements imposed on teachers of technological education in the analysed countries include excellent subject-specific, pedagogical and psychological preparation, ability to help school students to build up their value-based attitudes on the basis of the personal value system of an educator and ability to cooperate and work in teams. The research revealed the following differences: Finnish teachers are required to creatively implement curriculum, to be able to ensure tolerance-based education in the multicultural environment and to develop school students’ entrepreneurship skills; implementation of scientific research activities in the process of education and integration of information communication technologies are important to Finnish and Lithuanian teachers. The requirements to teachers in Great Britain are similar to those imposed on teachers in the other analysed countries.
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Nowak, Czesław. "Economic aspects: structure change of farms In Great Britain." Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2011): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ksm20107.
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Hanly, Mark, and Joyce M. Dargay. "Car Ownership in Great Britain: Panel Data Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1718, no. 1 (January 2000): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1718-11.
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The analysis of the factors determining changes in travel behavior on the individual (or individual household) level requires information on the behavior of individuals over time. Such “transport” panel surveys are rarely available, particularly for a sufficiently long time period to examine such changes more than cursorily. For the United Kingdom, none exists for other than limited regions. However, the ongoing British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), begun in 1991, provides some information related to transport—specifically, household car ownership—as well as information on the economic and sociodemographic characteristics of the households surveyed. BHPS data for 1993 to 1966 are used to analyze car ownership and the factors determining car ownership decisions on an individual household level. As far as is known, this has not yet been done in any systematic manner. The relationship between car ownership, income, and sociodemographic factors such as household composition, residential location, and population density (persons per hectare in the local authority district in which the household resides) is investigated. Both descriptive statistical measures and formal modeling approaches, based on dynamic discrete choice models and panel data econometric techniques, are used.
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KAWĘCKI, Norbert. "HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT, TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN GREAT BRITAIN." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2022, no. 157 (2022): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2022.157.17.
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Karl, Raimund. "Random Coincidences Or: the return of theCelticto Iron Age Britain." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 74 (2008): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000141.
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This paper examines whether there really are fundamental differences between a Celtic model of social organisation and the observations made by J.D. Hill about PRIA social organisation in southern England. Hill's alternative model, which in his opinion seems to be fundamentally at odds with what can be learned from Celtic sources, is characterised by the importance of three main factors. These are the essentially ideological, east-facing orientation of Iron Age houses and enclosed settlements, the ideological boundedness of individual homesteads, and the household as the centre of production. Yet, an examination of the medieval Irish andWelsh literature reveals that these three fundamental characteristics also seem to define the societies described in the Celtic texts. However, while the household is the central independent social and economic unit, the medieval texts also put great emphasis on kinship, with kin-groups fulfilling important, complementary roles for the individual households. It is examined whether a kind of society that is not dominated by either households or kinship, but by both households and kinship, can successfully explain all the archaeological phenomena observable in PRIA Britain, including different ‘hillforts’ possibly fulfilling several different functions. The striking similarities that can be found between the kinds of societies proposed by Hill as inhabiting PRIA Britain and those described in the medieval Irish and Welsh sources force us to consider whether the Celtic should not better be returned to PRIA Britain, and whether the ‘different Iron Ages’ were not that different after all.
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WITCZAK-ROSZKOWSKA, Danuta. "The virtual dimension of socio-economic relations in european countries." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2020, no. 146 (2020): 509–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2020.146.36.
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Purpose: The purpose of the article is to assess the level of use of information technologies by households in selected European countries and the resulting transformations in socio-economic relations. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses one of the taxonomic methods – the Hellwig’s development pattern method. 20 diagnostic features were adopted to develop Hellwig’s synthetic measure. They reflect the access and use of the Internet by households in five areas: networking and formal activities in the fields of e-government, e-banking, e-education, e-health; carrying out political and civic activities online (consulting, voting, expressing opinions); making informal contacts and participating in social networks (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, etc.); e-commerce; using instant messaging and e-mail. Findings: In the light of the characteristics adopted for the survey, the highest level of use of information technology by households is characteristic of Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Great Britain and Finland. The countries with the lowest rates are Romania and Bulgaria. Research limitations/implications: The studies presented may contribute to further in-depth analyses of the links between the use of information technologies in individual countries and their level of economic development in the long term. Originality/value: The results are addressed to public authorities in 30 European countries. On their basis, leaders in the use of information technologies by households in various areas of economic and social life were identified. The distance between the other countries was also diagnosed. The results of the research can guide public authorities in developing strategies for the development and dissemination of information technologies in their countries.
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Morelli, Salvatore, Brian Nolan, Juan C. Palomino, and Philippe Van Kerm. "The Wealth (Disadvantage) of Single-Parent Households." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 702, no. 1 (July 2022): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027162221123448.
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Wealth is a buffer against economic shocks and the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage. We investigate the wealth of single-parent households in six high-income countries that span a variety of institutional contexts and welfare regimes. Using household survey data, we show that single-parent households in all these countries are disadvantaged in the wealth they hold, compared to dual-parent households—more so in Great Britain, France, Germany, and the United States; and less so in Italy and, especially, Spain. We tease out major differences in types of wealth holdings in single- and dual-parent households. We find that the single-parent wealth deficit is not explained by differences in age or number of children but that it is influenced by education, income, homeownership, and receipt of intergenerational transfers. We discuss the policy implications of our findings, both in terms of how single parents are treated in social protection and taxation systems and, more broadly, in the supports they require if they are to overcome barriers to accumulating wealth.
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Anderson, Michael. "Households, families and individuals: some preliminary results from the national sample from the 1851 census of Great Britain." Continuity and Change 3, no. 3 (December 1988): 421–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000004306.
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L'article se base sur les données de cet échantillon pour décrire certains aspects des ménages et des structures familiales, ainsi que des formes diverses de résidence des individus au sein des families et des ménages. Quand elles s'y prêtent, l'auteur compare ces données avec celles rassemblées par le Cambridge Group d'après les recensements anglais pour la période préindustrielle, d'une part et avec les recensements modernes déjà publiés, d'autre part. Parmi les nombreux thèmes traités on retrouve la composition des ménages d'après la parenté, les différentes formes d'entretien et de logement des domestiques, la fréquence des groupes familiaux de un ou deux parents et leur affiliation, ainsi que l'attitude des vieillards et des jeunes quant à leur résidence.
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Beztelesna, L., O. Pliashko, L. Shevchuk, Zh Semchuk, and I. Petryk. "ENSURING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES: EVALUATION OF FINANCING AND PARTNERSHIP MODELS BETWEEN HOUSEHOLDS, STATE AND BUSINESS." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 6, no. 41 (January 10, 2022): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v6i41.237565.
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Abstract. The article evaluates the funding structure and partnership models in ensuring human resource productivity. The government’s main task is to implement the economic policy that would stimulate the growth of the country’s economy, which is achieved through the active participation of human resources in social production and can be identified by their productivity. Increasing labor productivity requires both fundings for human resources development programs, namely education and health care, and the formation of models of partnerships between the subjects of its provision (government, business, and households). Revitalization of human resources involves meeting the essential human needs, which are defined in the concept of human development, the highest priority of which is education and health. Each country forms its own partnership model of subjects for financing to ensure economic growth and productivity of human resources. The object of the study is the model of partnership in providing the growth of productivity of human resources in the economies of countries that have excellent tools for financing human development programs, namely the United States, Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, and Ukraine. In this study, we used correlation regression analysis to evaluate the models of a partnership between households, government, and businesses in financing education and health to ensure increasing productivity of human resources. We proved the crucial role of public funding of health care systems in ensuring the growth of human productivity in Germany, the United States, Britain, and Ukraine, and in Sweden — socially responsible business. With regard to education, the priority in the partnership model in the United States belongs to the business, in Germany to the state, and in other countries, the participation of all partners is equal. Ukraine has relatively low productivity of human resources. Therefore, it is essential to implement measures to improve it and transform the existing funding structure for human development programs and partnership models to ensure its growth. Keywords: management, financing, education, health, social policy, economic growth. JEL Classification E22, I18, I22, J24, O15 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 32.
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Davis, Lance, and Stanley Engerman. "SESSION 4A: ECONOMIC WARFARE Legal and Economic Aspects of Naval Blockade: The United States, Great Britain, and German in World War II." Journal of Economic History 61, no. 2 (June 2001): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701268119.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Households – economic aspects – great britain"
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Carter, Sara. "The role of farms in rural business development." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2203.
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In recent years the rural enterprise has become a key theme in small business research. Despite an extensive and increasingly sophisticated literature analysing rural firms, the research effort has largely excluded agnculture. This exclusion reflects a wider separation of agriculture and industry which is apparent not only in scholarship, but in the political, social and economic institutions which surround the farm sector. Although there have been persuasive arguments for a more multi-disciplinary approach to the analysis of rurality and calls for comparisons to be drawn between farms and other small businesses, few such attempts have been made and the analysis of rural business development remains charactensed by disciplinary polarity. This thesis seeks to redress this by analysing farms using conventional small business paradigms and methodologies. Three specific issues were examined: the extent to which farms conform to small business norms; the engagement of farms in additional business activities; and the differences between farms undertaking additional business activities and those maintaining monoactive approaches. The results reveal similarities between farms and other rural enterpnses and demonstrate the continued importance of farms as creators of employment and wealth in rural areas Importantly, farms are shown to have a hitherto, unrecognized role in accommodating and fostenng rural small firms in non-farm sectors. The study supports the view that multiple business ownership activities may have been under-reported in the small business research literature. Tins analysis suggests that additional business activities are best viewed as a continuum, from the diversification of existing assets to the establishment of independent and separately registered firms. Policy liberalization, demand side changes and shifts in the demographic profile of farm owners are expected to increase the number of faims engaging in additional business activities. These factors are also expected to increase the smulanties between farms and other rural enterprises. The thesis concludes that there are benefits to be gamed from the inclusion of the farm sector in small business analyses. The sector is dominated by family owned, small businesses that have largely survived the transition through generations. As such, the sector offers small business researchers a unique opportunity to analyse issues at the centre of small business debate Moreover, it is argued that a small business approach to the analysis of the farm sector offers a particularly relevant, but hitherto absent, insight into the future development of rural areas.
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Wilson, John Campbell. "A history of the UK renewable energy programme, 1974-88 : some social, political, and economic aspects." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3121/.
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Following the global oil crisis of October 1973 the UK government funded and administered a range of R&D programmes in renewable energy. Despite the discoveries of large deposits of oil and gas in the North Sea during the late 1960s and continuing faith in nuclear energy the government was keen to explore the potential of renewable energy as what it described as an ‘insurance technology’. This thesis examines the creation and evolution of the UK renewable energy programme from 1974 until its demise prior to the privatisation of the UK’s nationalised energy industries in the late 1980s. The thesis shows the important role that social movements - in this case, the new environmentalism - played in the promotion of renewable energy in the UK. This will suggest that the programme can be seen in some senses as a tokenistic gesture by the government acting within the uncertain political, social, and economic landscape of the 1970s. This thesis shows that government decisions on renewable energy were continually driven by socio-political factors which overwhelmed the unreliable economic case for renewables at that time. This is achieved by a close historical account of the two key elements of the wider programme: the Wave Energy Programme and the Wind Energy Programme. Using a mix of the existing literature, historical archive and interviews this thesis builds a historical account of renewable energy R&D in the UK between 1974 and 1988.
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Doyle, Gillian. "The economics and regulation of concentrations of media ownership in the UK." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2180.
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Since the early 1990s, regulators in the UK and in many other countries have faced increasing pressure from media industry participants to liberalise media and cross-media ownership restrictions. Many countries, including the UK, have responded to this pressure by amending their domestic legislative frameworks in such ways as to remove at least some restrictions which had previously been established in order to protect pluralism. The main aim for this study has been to assess the 'economic' case in favour of de-regulating media and cross-media ownership in the UK. The principal method of investigation has been to analyse the relationship between, on the one hand, the size and vertical or diagonal structure of a selection of UK media firms and, on the other, their recent economic performance. Findings suggest that, although factors other than size will affect performance, there is generally a strong and positive correlation between the market share and the operating profitability of firms who are involved in either television or radio broadcasting, or national newspaper publishing. This correlation reflects efficiency gains through economies of scale and scope and, also, revenue advantages arising from increased market power. On the other hand, there is little evidence that previous monomedia ownership restrictions represented a threat to the economic viability of the industry or that developments in the late 1990s have introduced significant 'new' gains for enlarged monomedia enterprises. Nor is there evidence that de-regulation of monomedia restrictions would have any positive impact on the exports performance of traditional UK media firms. With regard to diagonal expansion, there is no evidence that cross-ownership between radio and television or between television and national newspapers yields important economic benefits. This thesis would argue that, taken as a whole, the de-regulation of UK media ownership in 1996 has delivered relatively few enhancements to the economic efficiency or prospects of the UK media industry while, at the same time, has engendered a considerable welfare loss through lower safeguards for pluralism. This outcome reflects serious systemic problems at the national UK level in the policymaking mechanism which is supposed to curb the political influence of media owners. This study finds that the scope - via a shift in responsibility for policy-formulation to the transnational European level - for overcoming such problems will be limited, not least because the protection of pluralism remains outside the official competence of the European Commission.
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Thacker, Scott. "Reducing the risk of failure in interdependent national infrastructure network systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:02e7313c-0967-47e3-becc-2e7da376f745.
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Infrastructure network systems support society and the economy by facilitating the distribution of essential services across broad spatial extents, at a range of scales. The complex and interdependent nature of these systems provides the conditions for which localised failures can dramatically cascade, resulting in disruptions that are widespread and very often unforeseen. This systemic vulnerability has been highlighted multiple times over the previous decades in infrastructures systems from around the world. In the future, the hazards to which infrastructure systems are exposed are set to grow with increasing extreme event risks caused by climate change. The aim of this thesis is to develop methodology and analysis for understanding and reducing the risk of failure of national interdependent infrastructure network systems. This study introduces multi-scale, system-of-systems based methodology and applied analysis that provides important new insights into interdependent infrastructure network risk and adaptation. Adopting a complex network based approach; real-world asset data is integrated from the energy, transport, water, waste and digital communications sectors to represent the physical interconnectivity that exists within and between interdependent infrastructure systems. Given the often limited scope of real-world datasets, an algorithm is presented that is used to synthesise missing network data, providing continuous network representations that preserve the most salient spatial and topological properties of real multi-level infrastructure systems. Using the resultant network representations, the criticality of individual assets is calculated by summing the direct and indirect customer disruptions that can occur in the event of failure. This is achieved by disrupting sets of functional service flow pathways that transcend sectorial and operational boundaries, providing long-range connectivity between service originating source nodes and customer allocated sink nodes. Kernel density estimation is used to integrate discrete asset criticality values into a continuous surface from which statistically significant infrastructure geographical criticality hotspots are identified. Finally, a business case is presented for investment in infrastructure adaptation, where adaptation costs are compared to the reduction in expected damages that arise from interdependency related failures over an assets lifetime. By representing physical and geographic interdependence at a range of scales, this analysis provides new evidence to inform the targeting of investments to reduce risks and enhance system resilience. It is concluded that the research presented within this thesis provides new theoretical insights and practical techniques for a range of academic, industrial and governmental infrastructure stakeholders, from the UK and beyond.
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Withall, Caroline Louise. "Shipped out? : pauper apprentices of port towns during the Industrial Revolution, 1750-1870." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:519153d8-336b-4dac-bf37-4d6388002214.
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The thesis challenges popular generalisations about the trades, occupations and locations to which pauper apprentices were consigned, shining the spotlight away from the familiar narrative of factory children, onto the fate of their destitute peers in port towns. A comparative investigation of Liverpool, Bristol and Southampton, it adopts a deliberately broad definition of the term pauper apprenticeship in its multi-sourced approach, using 1710 Poor Law and charity apprenticeship records and previously unexamined New Poor Law and charity correspondence to provide new insight into the chronology, mechanisms and experience of pauper apprenticeship. Not all port children were shipped out. Significantly more children than has hitherto been acknowledged were placed in traditional occupations, the dominant form of apprenticeship for port children. The survival and entrenchment of this type of work is striking, as are the locations in which children were placed; nearly half of those bound to traditional trades remained within the vicinity of the port. The thesis also sheds new light on a largely overlooked aspect of pauper apprenticeship, the binding of boys into the Merchant service. Furthermore, the availability of sea apprenticeships as well as traditional placements caused some children to be shipped in to the ports for apprenticeships. Of those who were still shipped out to the factories, the evidence shows that far from dying out, as previously thought, the practice of batch apprenticeship persisted under the New Poor Law. The most significant finding of the thesis is the survival and endurance of pauper apprenticeship as an institution involving both Poor Law and charity children. Poor children were still being apprenticed late into the third quarter of the nineteenth century. Pauper apprenticeship is shown to have been a robust, resilient and resurgent institution. The evidence from port towns offers significant revision to the existing historiography of pauper apprenticeship.
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Adam, Katherine. "The future of farm animal practice in a changing veterinary business landscape." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669189.
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Alarcón, Pablo López. "Optimizing post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome control taking into account economics aspects and management of information in decision making by farmers." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572446.
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Breton, Steven Daniel. "Imperial sunset : grand strategies of hegemons in relative decline." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26724.
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This thesis investigates the economic and military policies hegemons pursue while experiencing relative decline. Based upon the rising costs of leadership associated with hegemony, this thesis establishes that both systemic and domestic environments equally influence the hegemon's policy-making. Furthermore, the paper contends that hegemons do practice strategic planning during relative decline, in an effort to adjust its commitments and resources to the environment. Relative success or failure in maintaining the international system and thus adjusting for decline depends on how decision-makers compensate for two prevailing variables: threat of challengers and availability of allies. This study offers a predictive theoretical model for interpreting the dynamics of grand strategy formulation, compensating for the influences of the domestic environment three historical case studies, the Dutch Republic, Britain and the United States, test the accuracy and validity of the model. This thesis finds that periods of strong leadership, void of threat, while augmented by external balancing best support a hegemon's relative decline.
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Millar, Roderick J. O. "The technology and economics of water-borne transportation systems in Roman Britain." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13197.
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The thesis examines a number of questions concerning the design, construction,
costs and use of Romano-British seagoing and inland waters shipping. In the first part the
reasons for the methods of construction for seagoing and coastal vessels, such as the
Blackfriars Ship 1, the St. Peter Port Ship and the Barland's Farm Boat, have been
investigated. The constructional characteristics of the two ships are massive floors and
frames, with the planking fastened only to the floors and frames with heavy clenched iron
nails. There is no edge to edge fastening of the planks, with tenons inserted into mortises
cut into the edges of the planks, as is normal in the Mediterranean tradition of ship
construction in the Roman period. The Romano-British ships also differ from the
Scandinavian tradition of clinker building with overlapping planks nailed to each other
along their length. It has been concluded that a natural phenomenon, the large tidal range
around the British Isles and the northern coasts of Gaul and Germany, had a dominant effect
on the design of seagoing vessels. Deep water harbours, such as Portus, Caesar ea
Maritima and Alexandria in the Mediterranean, where ships could lie afloat at all times,
were neither practicable nor economic with the technology available. At the British ports,
such as Dover, London and Chichester, ships had to come in with the high tide, moor to
simple wharves at the high tide level, and then settle on the ground as the tide dropped. At
the numerous small havens, inlets and estuaries around the British coasts, ships would come
in with the tide, settle on a natural or man-made 'hard' as the tide fell, and discharge cargo
over the side to carts, pack animals or people. This mode of operation required sturdy ships
that could take the ground without damage, and also withstand a certain amount of
'bumping' on the bottom in the transition period from fully afloat to fully aground.
The second part of the thesis investigates the cost of building, maintaining and
operating various types of vessels. To do this, a new mode for measuring cost, the Basic
Economic Unit, or BEU, has been developed. The probable volume of the various types of
cargoes carried has been examined. It appears that grain was the dominant cargo in both
coastal and overseas traffic. The total cost of building, maintaining and operating the
seagoing and inland water shipping was less than one percent of the gross product of
Britain, a small cost for an essential service.
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Manik, Sadhana. "Trials, tribulations and triumphs of transnational teachers : teacher migration between South Africa and United Kingdom." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1376.
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The aim of this study was to analyse teacher migration between South Africa (SA) and the
United Kingdom (UK). An understanding of teacher migration and migration patterns is of vital importance especially to SA. As a developing country, SA is losing valuable assets, namely professionals (teachers, doctors, nurses) to developed countries. There is a return stream as evident in a cohort of teacher migrants returning to SA. However, increased mobility is a direct occurrence of the forces of globalisation, and neither the loss of professionals (brain drain) nor the brain gain is unique to SA. Nevertheless, the need to understand migrant teachers' decision-making is salient: firstly, as a step in creating avenues for discourse on addressing the flight of
'home-grown' professionals and attracting ex-patriots back to their home country. Secondly, in furthering an understanding of global labour migration, and finally in developing and expanding on existing migration theories in a globalised world. This study was multi-layered. It investigated two distinct cohorts of teachers: ninety experienced teachers (part of the teaching fraternity) and thirty novice teachers (student teachers in their final
year of study at Edgewood College of Education in SA). Within the category of experienced teachers, three separate divisions of teachers were identified for examination, namely premigrants (teachers about to embark on their first migration), post-migrants (SA teachers already teaching in the UK) and return-migrants (teachers who had returned to SA after a period of
teaching in the UK). Various theories influenced the study: economic theories of migration, identity theories in
education and Marxist labour theory. Within this theoretical framing the influence of globalisation as a process in facilitating cross border mobility was emphasized. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the study. Teachers' voices were favoured in the study as an
expression of the complexity of their thinking, attitudes, behaviour and hence, identities. The study commenced by examining the reasons for novice and experienced teachers exiting the SA teaching fraternity, to work in schools in London in the UK. Then it explored the latter
teachers' experiences in those schools and society with a view to revealing their integration into new socio-cultural and political milieus, and highlighting their transnational identities. Finally, experienced teachers' reasons for returning to SA were probed. In tracing teachers' trajectory
from pre-migration (before migration) to post-migration (in the host country) to return migration (back to the home country), the study attempted to analyse patterns of transnational migration in a globalised context. The study identified the emergence of a new breed of teachers:
transnational teacher-travellers. These are teachers who traverse a country's national boundaries at will. They are at ease trading their services in a global market, all in the pursuit of attaining a kaleidoscope of goals simultaneously. SA teachers were generally leaving their home country for multiple reasons of finance, travel opportunities and career progression. None of these reasons were mutually exclusive of each other. Migrant teachers' experiences in the UK were extensive,
from professional growth to salary satisfaction and travel. However, teacher stress from incidents of reduced classroom discipline and loneliness stemming from family separation impacted on migrant teachers abroad, and contributed to return migration. An evaluation of the data on migrant teachers' motivations, experiences and goals led to the development of a model to understand the transnational migration patterns of teachers traversing
from developing to developed countries. The model is sculptured from Demuth's (2000) three phases of migration: pre-migration, post-migration and return-migration. A basic tenet of the suggested model is that teacher migration is a non-linear process. It is initiated and sustained by complex, concurrent push or pull factors in the home country and pull or push factors in the host
country. Further, teacher migration is propelled and perpetuated by the influences of globalisation and socio-cultural networks between countries.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2005.
Books on the topic "Households – economic aspects – great britain"
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Mary, Langan, ed. Welfare: Needs, rights, and risks. London: Routledge in association with the Open University, 1998.
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Straub, Kristina. Domestic affairs: Intimacy, eroticism, and violence between servants and masters in eighteenth-century Britain. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008.
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Jean, Martin. The financial circumstances of disabled adults living in private households. London: H.M.S.O., 1988.
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Green, Anne E. Long distance living: Dual location households. Bristol, UK: Policy Press, 1999.
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1944-, Wheelock Jane, and Mariussen Åge, eds. Households, work and economic change: A comparative institutional perspective. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.
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Murphy, M. C. Organic farming as a business in Great Britain. Cambridge: Agricultural Economics Unit, Universityof Cambridge, 1992.
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Murphy, M. C. Organic farming as a business in Great Britain. Cambridge: AgriculturalEconomics Unit, University of Cambridge, 1992.
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Asby, Carol. Economics of wheat and barley production in Great Britain, 1995/96. Cambridge: Agricultural Economics Unit, University of Cambridge, 1997.
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Asby, Carol. Economics of wheat and barley production in Great Britain, 1996/97. Cambridge: Agricultural Economics Unit, University of Cambridge, 1998.
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Mark, Overton, ed. Production and consumption in English households, 1600-1750. London: Routledge, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Households – economic aspects – great britain"
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Phipps, Shelly. "The Formation of Families." In Family Change and Family Policies in Great Britain, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States, edited by Sheila B. Kamerman and Alfred J. Kahn, 108–25. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198290254.003.0009.
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Abstract Canada, like other industrialized countries, has experienced rapid changes in family structure, the labour force, and the economy since the Second World War. Family trends include smaller households, lower rates of legal marriage, dec1ining fertility, more mothers in the labour force, rising divorce rates, an increase in births outside marriage, more one-parent households, and rising life expectancy. Family demography, laws, and values have tended to respond to economic, political, and social trends, but changes in lifestyle have also influenced social policy and public opinion.
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Bromley, Daniel W. "The Isolated Periphery." In Possessive Individualism, 127–68. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190062842.003.0005.
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Possessive individualism afflicts countries at the periphery of the rich metropole that are also trapped by economic isolation, dysfunctional governance, and social alienation. Households in these countries are precariously isolated relative to the political and economic power of international commerce. Managerial capitalism has rendered millions of these households as little more than residual suppliers of cheap labor. Why are these poor countries unable to offer compelling livelihoods to their citizens? Their colonial past is a part of the explanation, but contemporary capitalism continues to bear down on their economic prospects. In the absence of meaningful work, there can be no mystery why sectarian conflict emerges. And then such conflict both encourages the emergence of authoritarian leaders and reinforces it. The political climate in many countries of the isolated periphery is a minor variant of what is now occurring in parts of western Europe, Great Britain, and the United States.
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Goldstein, Avram. "Three Lessons from Abroad." In Addiction, 273–92. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195146639.003.0018.
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Abstract Drug addiction is unbounded by geography, form of government, politics, ethnicity, economic status, or degree of formal education. In other words, it is a problem of the human condition. Three European nations—Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Switzerlandst—and out as having special ways of dealing with some aspects of drug addiction. In particular, their governmental policies are based solidly on public-health considerations—on pragmatic attempts to reduce harm wherever possible, without the moralistic crusading that has typified our own “war on drugs.” This chapter explores the similarities and differences between their approaches and our own, with a view to seeing what we can learn from them.
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Zhou, Yue, and Jianzhong Wu. "Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Microgrids and Local Energy Systems." In Microgrids and Local Energy Systems. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99437.
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Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is an innovative approach for managing increasing numbers of Distributed Energy Resources in microgrids or local energy systems. In P2P energy trading, prosumers and consumers directly trade and exchange power and energy with each other. The development of P2P energy trading is described in five key aspects, that is, market design, trading platforms, power and ICT infrastructure, regulation and policy, and from a social science perspective. A general multiagent framework is established to simulate the behaviour of and interaction between multiple entities in P2P energy trading. A general evaluation index hierarchy is proposed to assess various P2P energy trading mechanisms. Finally, a residential community that is set in the context of Great Britain is studied using multiagent simulation and hierarchical evaluation methods. Both the technical and economic benefits of P2P energy trading are demonstrated.
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Mann, F. A. "The Dyestuffs Case in the Court of Justice of the European Communities." In Notes and Comments on Cases in International Law, Commercial Law, and Arbitration, 168–82. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198257981.003.0052.
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Abstract It would have been satisfactory and fitting if, at the very moment when Britain becomes a member of the European Economic Community, it would have been possible to render an account of a decision of the Court of Justice of the European Communities, which is characterized by a persuasive analysis of the facts, by the cogency of its reasoning, and by its authoritative contribution to legal development. Unfortunately the decisions in the Dyestuffs Case, viz. in the case of Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. v. Commission of the European Communities and in similar cases resulting in almost identical judgments,1 are unlikely to attract such comment. On the contrary, they are bound to give rise to some anxiety because, on certain aspects of great importance, they are not easily reconcilable with traditional British and, probably continental legal principles.
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Smith, John Howard. "“The Glorious Day is Coming On”." In A Dream of the Judgment Day, 47–78. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197533741.003.0003.
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Anxious that God was preparing them for Christ’s second coming, Euro-Americans experienced an unprecedented revival known as the First Great Awakening—an intercolonial phenomenon that infused Protestantism in America with extraordinary heights of millenarianism and apocalypticism. The Awakening was a watershed event in the formation of a distinctive Anglo-American identity. While this identity was not always deeply pious, as economic and political concerns occasionally eclipsed religious matters, there is no doubt that the “vital piety” that had defined radical Protestantism in Europe found new and vibrant expression in America, particularly in its eschatological aspects. These came into sharpest focus when the Seven Years’ War broke out between Britain and France in 1754. Usually considered only in military and geopolitical terms, this war was also a war of religion in which the Anglo-Americans cast themselves in the heroic role of God’s chosen people striving against the forces of the Catholic Antichrist.
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Ruz, Andrés Baeza. "Conclusion." In Contacts, Collisions and Relationships, 219–24. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941725.003.0007.
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This book has demonstrated the insights that can be found in the analysis of British-Chilean relations in the independence period, which in the case of Chile have been mostly studied relating to the second half of the nineteenth century. The fact that British investments and flows of peoples and goods became increasingly important after 1850, has led scholars like John Mayo to maintain that ‘informal imperialism’ is the appropriate term to describe the ‘anatomy’ of such a relationship. However, such a view is restrictive, allowing an examination of the traditional ambits by which informal empire has been regarded as an analytical tool when approaching the relations between Britain and Latin America. This is to say, the economic and diplomatic means that helped to preserve the subordinate condition of the former Spanish colonies to the interests of the British Empire. In recent years, approaches to the problematic nature of informal imperialism have made it clear that these elements are not enough, that they cannot be the only aspects imbricated in this problem. The cultural dimension must also form part of the analysis of a relationship that, at first glance, seemed to be determined by informal imperialism. This is particularly relevant in a period like the independence era, in which the economic and diplomatic means used by Great Britain to exert its dominion were not as evident as in subsequent years. Indeed, as I showed in the ...
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Ozavci, Ozan. "An Untimely Return of the Eastern Question?" In Dangerous Gifts, 302–17. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852964.003.0013.
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When the news of the 1860 civil war in Syria and the ‘massacres’ of the Christians by the Druze reached Paris, the French foreign minister, Édouard A. Thouvenel, proposed the courts of the other Great Powers an intervention in Syria. He appealed with an emotional vocabulary arguing that theirs was a responsibility towards humanity. Even though Thouvenel’s call received endorsement on the part of first Russia and then Austria, Prussia, and Britain, the Sublime Porte objected to the intervention plan. The Ottoman ministers believed that it would be a violation of existing treaties and an infringement on the sultan’s sovereignty. This chapter places under scrutiny the 40 days of tug of war between Paris and Istanbul, when they looked to influence European public opinion by means of propaganda and active lobbying. The legal, economic, religious, and strategic undertones of the intervention plan and the counter-intervention propaganda not only testified to the intersectoral aspects of the Eastern Question. Seen together, they also disclosed how ‘humanitarian’ the ensuing intervention actually was.
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Loughlin, John. "Conclusions: The Transformation of Regional and Local Democracy in Western Europe." In Subnational Democracy in the European Union, 387–400. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198296799.003.0017.
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Abstract This book reveals the rich and complex tapestry of democratic theory and practice in the countries of the European Union. Two aspects of this complexity stand out. First, countries remain basically faithful to their state and national state traditions of political and administrative culture. But, second, these traditions undergo continual change and adaptation as a result of factors such as globalization, Europeanization, societal, and technological change. Indeed, the capacity to manage change successfully is one of the main features of many European states. On the other hand, the successful management of change is not spread evenly throughout Europe. Some countries, regions, and localities have been quite successful whereas others have had difficulty in coping with the changes. To some extent this is a result of a competitive regionalism which is producing new disparities within the European Union. This is neither a north-south nor a centre-periphery cleavage. Some countries of southern Europe contain highly successful regions such as Catalonia, Lombardy, and Tuscany. Countries that were previously peripheral, such as the Republic of Ireland, Spain, and Portugal have now become centres of dynamic economic growth. Ireland has been called the ‘Celtic Tiger’ by analogy with the Asian ‘Tiger’ economies. Some countries that were previously powerful economic ‘centres’ now contain regions and cities in decline such as the old industrialized regions of coal mining and steel production in Britain, Belgium, France, and Spain which have experienced great difficulties of adaptation.
Conference papers on the topic "Households – economic aspects – great britain"
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Zeverte-Rivza, Sandija, and Ina Gudele. "Digitalisation in times of COVID-19 - the behavioural shifts in enterprises and individuals in the Sector of Bioeconomy." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.004.
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Although our daily life within a modern society is unimaginable without the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), the COVID-19 crisis really highlighted the ways we can maximise the use of digital technologies in optimising our work in distance working conditions with limited ability to contact each other physically, make direct sales and ensure the physical document rotation. All these limitations have pushed the governmental organisations, enterprises, and households to utilize numerous means of digital services and digital transformation aspects that had been started to be used, but the last year has rapidly pushed forward such aspects of digitalisation as digital sales, distance work using co-working platforms and cloud storage, electronic signature of documents and others. This study aims to assess the trends in online sales and use of e-tools from the perspective of enterprises and individuals in Europe in the sector of bioeconomy with the focus of the Baltic States and Latvia that could be used to strengthen the digitalisation component during and post COVID-19. In this paper, the authors have reviewed the scientific literature, policy planning documents, analysed relevant statistical data, performed statistical analysis, and estimated the tendency of the use of eSignatures in Latvia by applying the Holt's two-parameter model of exponential smoothing. The main results indicate a significant increase in motivation towards digitalisation that has increased rapidly in line with the necessity for an online shopping and distance work setting. Authors suggest supporting this tendency also in the after-COVID life, which would have a great impact on the overall digital transformation and potential to unlock new markets for bio-based products.
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Stanciu, Sorin Mihai, Raul Pascalau, and Carmen Simona Dumitrescu. "ASPECTS REGARIND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA OBJECTIVES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s29.86.
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Combating poverty and social exclusion requires addressing individual needs in terms of life cycles. As children growing up in poor households will face a higher risk of poverty in the future, in order to break the intergenerational circle of poverty, the governments must adopt programs aimed at simultaneously child and adult poverty in a household. The intergenerational circle of exclusion is perpetuated when low levels of education and poor health seriously limit the chances of access to the labour market for the next generation of children. Breaking the intergenerational circle of poverty and exclusion will require targeted interventions to eliminate the multiple causes of inequality. A coordinated approach is needed in the implementation of policies, programs and interventions aimed at the poor and vulnerable population as well as at marginalized areas. The European Union and the United Nations are natural partners in the effort to build a safer and better world for all. To this end, the European Union supports effective multilateralism and a rules-based international order, in which the United Nations plays a central role. Being a great success for the EU in negotiating, the Sustainable Development Goals are a useful tool to design EU values and objectives globally and provide a useful common framework for international partnerships. It is therefore in the EU's interest to play a leading role in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda globally through its external action. The 2030 Agenda, together with the Paris Agreement on Climate change, is the roadmap to a better world, the global framework for international cooperation on sustainable development and the economic, social, environmental and governance dimensions of this framework [1]. In this article, the attention is oriented towards the first SDG � No poverty and so, the population exposed to poverty and social exclusion risks is analysed. The main criteria used for the population analyses are the population under 18 years old, the urbanization degree, the social transfers beneficiaries, severe material and social deprivation, low work intensity households or even employed persons exposed to poverty, persons overburdened by housing expenses are also part of this category. The research methods consist of analysing the data from the official sources using the descriptive statistical methods and graphical representations.