Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Households consumption'
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Weikum, Gary Lester. "The housing consumption of empty nest households." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26624.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
Ding, Li. "United States households consumption a comprehensive analysis /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/4304.
Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Frache, Derregibus Serafin. "Essays on households' consumption and saving decisions." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8909.
MILLEMACI, EMANUELE. "Essays on consumption and financial decisions of Households." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/747.
My dissertation contains three essays in which I examine the consumption and financial decisions of households. These essays are based on the econometric analysis of the dataset DHS which contains a wide quantity of information on Dutch families, including subjective expectations about future income. The first two works concentrate on household consumption decisions. The third work gives an empirical contribution in the debate on the shape of the subjective discount function and, therefore, on the problem of the dynamic inconsistency. Chapter 1 studies whether anomalies in consumption can be explained by a behavioral model in which agents make predictable errors in forecasting income. I show that the null hypothesis of rational expectations is rejected in favor of the behavioral model, since consumption responds to predictable forecast errors. On average agents who we are predictably excessively pessimistic increase consumption after the predictable positive income shock. On average agents who are too optimistic reduce consumption. Chapter 2 tests the excess sensitivity of consumption to predicted income growth using a modified version of the Euler equation which allows for myopia and/or irrationality. Using a number of self-reported financial indicators I select different subsets of the sample in order to distinguish the response to income changes of agents with and without possible liquidity constraints. Results suggest that the observed excess sensitivity to income becomes statistically insignificant when systematic errors in income forecasts are taken into account. Chapter 3 focuses on two main issues. First, I find that, on average, households' discount rates decline. This implies dynamically inconsistent preferences. Second, I calculate an indicator of the degree of dynamic inconsistency which may help one to understand how households overcome their self-control problems. I use the DHS households' reports on the compensation for receiving hypothetical rewards with delays. I find that individuals with more severely dynamicly inconsistent preferences on average hold a statistically significantly lower share of their total wealth in checking accounts. A possible interpretation is that subjects use precommitment strategies to limit their temptation to consume immediately.
Seol, Youn Ni Shawn. "Empirical analysis of household consumption behavior." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7187.
Cilasun, Seyit Mumin. "Income And, Consumption And Saving Behavior Of Turkish Households." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611207/index.pdf.
Arvesen, Anders. "Direct and Indirect Energy Consumption of Households in Beijing." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12877.
Gross, Isaac. "Essays on macroeconomics and household heterogeneity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:67b69f93-f399-49f3-8e1c-b38b1b67bab1.
Kinnan, Cynthia Georgia. "Smoothing consumption across households and time : essays in development economics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58203.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-163).
This thesis studies two strategies that households may use to keep their consumption smooth in the face of fluctuations in income and expenses: credit (borrowing and savings) and insurance (state contingent transfers between households). The first chapter asks why insurance among households in rural Thai villages is incomplete. The second chapter analyzes the impacts of micro-credit. The third chapter examines the interaction between interpersonal insurance and access to savings. The first chapter is motivated by the observation that interpersonal insurance within villages is an important source of insurance, yet consumption, while much smoother than income, is not completely smooth. That is, insurance is incomplete. This chapter attempts to identify the cause of this incompleteness. Existing research has suggested three possibilities: limited commitment-the inability of households to commit to remain within an insurance agreement; moral hazard-the need to give households incentives to work hard; and hidden income-the inability of households to verify one another's incomes. I show that the way in which "history" matters can be used to distinguish insurance constrained by hidden income from insurance constrained by limited commitment or moral hazard. This history dependence can be tested with a simple empirical procedure: predicting current marginal utility of consumption with the first lag of marginal utility and the first lag of income, and testing the significance of the lagged income term. This test is implemented using panel data from households in rural Thailand. The results are consistent with insurance constrained by hidden income, rather than limited commitment or moral hazard. I test the robustness of this result to measurement error using instrumental variables and by testing over-identifying restrictions on the reduced form equation for consumption. I test robustness to the specification of the utility function by nonparametric ally estimating marginal utility. The results suggest that constraints arising from private information about household income should be taken into account when designing safety net and other policies. My second chapter (co-authored with Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Rachel Glennerster) uses a randomized trial to analyze the impacts of micro credit in urban South India. We find that more new businesses are created in areas where a micro credit branch opens. Existing business owners increase their spending on durable goods but not non-durable consumption. Among households that did not have a business before the program began, those with high estimated propensity to start a business reduce non-durable consumption and increase spending on durables in treated areas. Those with low estimated propensity to start a business increase non-durable consumption and spend no more on durables. This suggests that some households use micro credit to pay part of the fixed cost of starting a business, some expand an existing business, and others pay off more expensive debt or borrow against future income. We find no effects on health, education, or women's empowerment. My third dissertation chapter (co-authored with Arun Chandrasekhar and Horacio Larreguy) is motivated by the observation that the ability of community members to insure one another may be significantly reduced when community members also have the ability to privately save some of their income. We conducted a laboratory experiment in rural South India to examine the impact of savings access on informal insurance. We find that transfers between players are reduced when savings is available, but that, on average, players smooth their consumption more with savings than without. We use social network data to compute social distance between pairs, and show that limited commitment constraints significantly limit insurance when risk-sharing partners are socially distant, but not when pairs are closely connected. For distant pairs, access to savings helps to smooth income risk that is not insured interpersonally.
by Cynthia Georgia Kinnan.
Ph.D.
Martsynkevych, Vladlena. "Standby energy consumption in Ukraine making a case for households." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989356027/04.
Stepanova, Ekaterina. "Essays on the effects of demographics on household consumption /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7466.
Brutscher, Philipp-Bastian. "The energy use of low-income households : a behavioural perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610890.
Segtnan, Ida Lund. "Assessing the Environmental Costs and Benefits of Households Electricity Consumption Management." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13686.
Damström, Julia, and Cecilia Gerlitz. "Classification of Power Consumption Patterns for Swedish Households Using K-means." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189060.
Kerr, Emily W. Pham Van Hoang. "Micro-credit and household productivity evidence from Bangladesh /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5359.
Feng, Fen. "Towards Quantification of Purchases and Waste Generation at the level of Individual Households: A pilot-study on Two Swedish Households." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-182192.
Eriksson, Eva Helena. "Potential and problems related to reuse of water in households /." Lyngby : Environment & Resources, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, 2002. http://www2.er.dtu.dk/publications/fulltext/2002/MR2002-142.pdf.
Yust, Becky Love. "Energy use by households in a rural area of the Philippines /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487324944211661.
Linton, Thomas. "Forecasting hourly electricity consumption for sets of households using machine learning algorithms." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186592.
För att ta itu med ineffektivitet, avfall, och de negativa konsekvenserna av elproduktion så vill företag och myndigheter se beteendeförändringar bland hushållskonsumenter. För att skapa beteendeförändringar så behöver konsumenterna bättre återkoppling när det gäller deras elförbrukning. Den nuvarande återkopplingen i en månads- eller kvartalsfaktura ger konsumenten nästan ingen användbar information om hur deras beteenden relaterar till deras konsumtion. Smarta mätare finns nu överallt i de utvecklade länderna och de kan ge en mängd information om bostäders konsumtion, men denna data används främst som underlag för fakturering och inte som ett verktyg för att hjälpa konsumenterna att minska sin konsumtion. En komponent som krävs för att leverera innovativa återkopplingsmekanismer är förmågan att förutse elförbrukningen på hushållsskala. Arbetet som presenteras i denna avhandling är en utvärdering av noggrannheten hos ett urval av kärnbaserad maskininlärningsmetoder för att förutse den sammanlagda förbrukningen för olika stora uppsättningar av hushåll. Arbetet i denna avhandling visar att "k-Nearest Neighbour Regression" och "Gaussian Process Regression" är de mest exakta metoder inom problemets begränsningar. Förutom noggrannhet, så görs en utvärdering av fördelar, nackdelar och prestanda hos varje maskininlärningsmetod.
Godbolt, Åsne Lund. "Market, Money and Morals : The Ambiguous Shaping of Energy Consumption in Norwegian Households." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for tverrfaglige kulturstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-27264.
Denne avhandlingen utforsker energibruk og energieffektivitet i norske husholdninger: Hva kjennetegner norske husholdningers energiforståelse? For å fange dynamikken i husholdningers energiatferd i sammenheng med omgivelsene rundt, undersøkes temaet fra både politikeres, økonomers og forbrukeres perspektiver. Jeg har analysert den politisk-økonomiske formingen av energibruk i norske husholdninger og undersøkt forbrukernes praksis og holdninger til eget energiforbruk og tiltak for energieffektivisering. Avhandlingen viser at det er stor avstand mellom forbrukernes og politikernes/ekspertenes forståelse av energibruk og energieffektivitet. Dette må ses som en viktig årsak til at politiske energieffektiviseringstiltak rettet mot husholdninger så langt ikke har vært mer vellykket. Et annet sentralt funn er at husholdningsforbrukere motiveres til energieffektivisering i større grad av argumenter orientert mot miljø, klima og komfort enn av økonomiske hensyn. De fire artiklene har ulike tilnærminger til temaet og tegner et sammensatt bilde av husholdningers energibruk. Den første artikkelen tar for seg hvordan norske politikere konstruerte husholdningsforbrukere over en 30-års periode (1975-2006), og viser hvordan forbrukere er forventet å oppføre seg i forhold til strømforbruk. Den andre artikkelen gir innsikt i hvordan energiøkonomer og forbrukere rammer inn energibruk på ulike vis. Analysen legger særlig vekt på forbrukerreaksjoner sett i lys av intensjonene ved kraftmarkedet, og undersøker i hvilken grad forbrukere anser seg selv som markedsaktører (eller ikke). Den tredje artikkelen utforsker dynamikken i energibruk og energieffektivitet over en 20-års periode, og sammenligner norske energikulturer i 1991-1995 og 2006-2009. Artikkelen drøfter hvorvidt fokuset på global oppvarming har endret domestiseringen av energibruk, både når det gjelder holdninger og praksis. Fjerde og siste artikkel undersøker hvordan husholdninger forstår energibruk gjennom konseptet ”etos”, som refererer til et sett med verdier og oppfatninger. Denne artikkelen viser at moralske argumenter spiller en viktig rolle i forbrukernes forståelser av energibruk og energieffektivitet i hverdagen
Scott, Anna Kathrine. "Towards sustainable consumption : understanding the adoption and practice of environmental actions in households." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10334/.
Wang, Xinfang. "Understanding the drivers behind high energy consumption within UK households : an interdisciplinary approach." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/understanding-the-drivers-behind-high-energy-consumption-within-uk-households-an-interdisciplinary-approach(71175561-bde0-4b90-977d-a5dbca5b72ed).html.
Orendáčová, Jana. "Statistika spotřeby obyvatelstva." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9230.
Hitchcock, Guy St John. "The human dimension of domestic energy use : an integrated approach." Thesis, n.p, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
Maloney, Michelle Ann. "The Role of Regulation in Reducing Consumption by Individuals and Households in Industrialised Nations." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368147.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Law School
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
Kukla, Christopher. "Lost in transition? : an exploration of attempts to reduce energy consumption by UK households." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2016. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/812061/.
Roberts, Erin Mared. "Reducing energy consumption in everyday life : a study of landscapes of energy consumption in rural households and communities in North Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/95669/.
Klöfver, Gunnar. "Investigating the future of fixed broadband in Swedish households : How technological and behavioral development will affect the fixed broadband consumption in Swedish households." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189144.
Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka, i ett 3-6 års perspektiv, hur fast bredband kommer att användas i svenska hushåll. Internet är allt mer integrerat i vårt dagliga liv. Internet används för kommunikation, underhållning och företagande för att nämna några exempel, och användningsområdena är ständigt växande. Hur denna expansion kan påverka hushållens användningsmönster och vad dessa eventuella förändringar kommer att kräva från en fast bredbandsanslutning är kontinuerliga frågor i behov av utredning för att se till att Internetleverantörer kan tillhandahålla tjänster i linje med marknadens efterfrågan. Genom att studera Internetvanor och konsumtionstrender i kombination med utvecklingen av fast bredband fram till idag, skapades en grund för vad framtiden skulle kunna medföra. Dessa slutsatser kompletteras sedan med insikt från marknadsaktiva experter samt med närliggande forskning om framtida bredbandsanvändning, och sammanställdes till en trolig prognos för fast bredband i svenska hushåll. Resultaten visar att med ökande samhällsintegration, ses Internet allt mer som en grundläggande samhällstjänst snarare än en, som det hittills betraktats, privat tilläggstjänst som man väljer eller avstår ifrån av olika anledningar. Utvecklingen mot ännu snabbare bredband fortsätter, men bör avta inom 10 år då utveckling längre än så i samma takt kommer grovt överskrida all tänkbar framtida bandbreddsutnyttjande. Följaktligen diskuteras möjligheten av ett normaliserat bredband, omfattande nog för majoriteten av alla hushållsanvändare inom ett 3-6 års perspektiv.
DILIBERTO, Simona. "Households and their Expenditures as an Evolving Complex Social System." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/395284.
Tokoyama, Yuki. "Three essays on Japanese household food consumption." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180272913.
Jibril, Ghazali Ado. "Trends in Household Consumption Expenditure among the Six Geopolitical Zones in Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6101.
This study examined the trends in household consumption expenditure among the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria within the context of Engel's law of consumption. The study specifically set out to achieve the following objectives: to determine the trends in household consumption expenditure in Nigeria; to examine the food, health, education and non-food expenditures of households in Nigeria; to estimate the food share of total household expenditure through the estimation of the Engel curve for the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria; to determine if there are consumption economies of scale among households by estimating the Working-Leser form of the Engel curve; and, to examine consumption inequality among households in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The study used the Nigeria General Household Survey data wave 1 (2010-2011) and wave 2 (2012-2013) to estimate the Working-Leser form of the Engel curve to determine households' budget share for food consumption and the scale of consumption among the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. The study used the Gini coefficient to measure consumption inequality among and between the six geopolitical zones.
Mchakulu, Mphatso Grace. "Rural Malawi households' environmental concern and consciousness about appropriate energy consumption practices amidst prevailing socio-economic conditions." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77847.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
PhD
Unrestricted
Abu-Bakar, Aznan. "Consumption smoothing and financial intermediation among agricultural households in LDCs, a synthesis of recent literature." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ36386.pdf.
Havugimana, Léonce. "IDENTIFYING UNUSUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTIONS OF HOUSEHOLDS : Using Inductive Conformal Anomaly Detection approach." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-20220.
Watanabe, Mariko. "The impact of the public housing policy on household behaviour in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20577217.
Bohlmann, Jessika Andreina. "Evaluating the impacts of energy and environmental policy on South African households." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76004.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
Economics
PhD (Economics)
Unrestricted
Bauer, Michael, Andrea Höltl, and Roman Brandtweiner. "Greener households? The effectiveness of smart meters in reducing energy consumption levels in the DACH region." WIT Press, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5886/1/SDP130209f.pdf.
Del, Guercio Fausto Martins Fontes 1984. "Efeitos da composição do domicílio no consumo de energia elétrica : os casos de Lucas do Rio Verde, Santarém e Altamira." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279574.
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T22:00:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DelGuercio_FaustoMartinsFontes_M.pdf: 9224993 bytes, checksum: 3ee5882b7862c19ccf4881a52cdd5fcd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Este trabalho insere-se no campo de pesquisa de População e Ambiente e avalia a influência da composição do domicílio no consumo doméstico de energia, tanto total, quanto per capita. O aspecto priorizado é a heterogeneidade das características demográficas dos filhos ¿ idade e sexo - e o uso energético. A hipótese principal é a de que quanto mais diferirem estas características ¿ por exemplo, maior a diferença de idades e número de alternâncias de sexo nos nascimentos ¿ maior tende a ser o consumo de energia, via alocação em diferentes dormitórios e diminuição na utilização de bens de uso comum (luz elétrica, por exemplo). A fonte de dados utilizada foi o conjunto de 1499 questionários sociodemográficos aplicados em Lucas do Rio Verde-MT, Santarém-PA e Altamira-PA, parte do projeto Desflorestamento da Amazônia e Estrutura das Unidades Domésticas, uma parceria entre o Núcleo de Estudos de População Elza Berquó da Universidade de Campinas (NEPO/UNICAMP) e o Anthropological Center for Training and Research da Universidade de Indiana (ACT/IU). Para verificação das hipóteses foi utilizada regressão linear múltipla, relacionando média e desvio padrão da idade dos filhos, diferença de idade entre o filho mais novo e mais velho, número de alterações de sexo nos nascimentos, densidade de filhos por dormitório e índice de Shannon. Os resultados mostraram que há efeitos no consumo de energia dado o maior grau da heterogeneidade das características demográficas dos filhos, mas que este efeito se manifesta principalmente pelo aumento do número de dormitórios e consequente perda de economia de escala, não aparecendo de forma direta nos coeficientes das equações encontradas. O trabalho mostra, também, que é pertinente a realização de pesquisas na área de população e ambiente sem a ênfase no volume e no crescimento populacional, dando continuidade à análise da variável consumo, já verificada em parte da literatura na área
Abstract: This study is part of the Population and Environment field and evaluates the influence of household composition in the household energy consumption, both as a total and per capita. The highlighted focus is on the heterogeneity of the demographic characteristics of children - age and sex - and energy use. The main hypothesis is that the more these characteristics vary - for instance, the higher the age difference and number of changes in the sex of born children - the higher will be the energy consumption, considering that children are likely to be allocated in different rooms, yielding a lower share of common utilities (such as electricity). Data source was provided by a set of 1499 socio- demographic questionnaires applied in three Brazilian municipalities - Lucas do Rio Verde, MT, Santarém, PA, and Altamira PA - as part of the project Amazon Deforestation and Household Structure, a collaborative research between Núcleo de Estudos Elza Berquó, from the University of Campinas (NEPO/UNICAMP) and the Anthropological Center for Training and Research from the University of Indiana (ACT/IU). Hypothesis verification was made using multiple linear regression, relating mean and standard deviation of the age of children, the age difference between the youngest and the oldest child, number of sex alternations in births, child density per room, and the Shannon index. Results show that energy consumption is affected due to the higher grade of heterogeneity in the demographic characteristics of children, but such effect is mostly noticeable in the number of rooms and the consequent loss of economy scale. However, it is not directly observed in the coefficient of the resulting equations. This work also shows that it is possible to conduct research in the population and environment field without having to include population volume and growth, by keeping the analysis of the variable consumption, which has already been validated by other studies in the field
Mestrado
Demografia
Mestre em Demografia
Robitaille, Jean. "Valuation of household production time : conceptual and empirical refinements of the standard opportunity cost of time methodology /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924919.
Schmitz, Hendrik [Verfasser], Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Madlener, and Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Lorz. "Energy consumption behavior of private households: heterogeneity, prosuming, and rebound / Hendrik Schmitz ; Reinhard Madlener, Jens Oliver Lorz." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1235336506/34.
Shigetomi, Yosuke. "Study of Mid-Term Impact of Japanese Households on Formation of Low-Carbon Society from Consumption-Based Approach." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215644.
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(エネルギー科学)
甲第19818号
エネ博第324号
新制||エネ||65(附属図書館)
32854
京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 東野 達, 教授 宇根﨑 博信, 准教授 MCLELLAN,Benjamin
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Hainduwa, Feliciana Ndapewa. "Impact of fuelwood quality and quantity on rural households’ energy use in Omusati region in North-West of Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79974.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Wood scarcity remains the main challenge for many rural households who still rely on natural resources for energy needs. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fuel use and quality and quantity of fuel in two rural villages (Ongulumbashe and Onaitembu) in the Omusati Region of Namibia. It investigated the impact of fuel quality and quantity and the corresponding sales of firewood on households’ energy consumption. Data was collected between April and June 2012 from the two villages by means of questionnaire surveys, biomass assessment and laboratory assessment. Interviews were conducted with seventy-seven households, four firewood sellers, government officials, and local leaders. The study quantified the amount of fuelwood consumed and collected per household per week using user-recall and physical measurement, respectively. The most preferred fuel species or fuel materials were identified and their physical properties, calorific value, moisture content, ash content and density were measured under laboratory conditions. Differences between the two villages in terms of fuelwood collected and consumed were found. Due to wood scarcity households from Onaitembu village used other alternatives (buying fuelwood and cutting live firewood) rather than collecting dead firewood. The study found a link between fuelwood use, quality and quantity, with households changing their consumption and harvesting based on season, fuelwood demand and availability of fuelwood. The average weekly fuelwood consumption per household ranged from 66 kg to 79 kg for a firewood abundant area and from 59 kg to 67 kg for an area with a shortage of firewood. Mopane was the most preferred species due to its ability to burn efficiently and its abundance. Wood scarcity affected households economically, culturally and nutritionally. The study found that households in degraded areas spend an average of N$ 50 per week on fuelwood, and many households depended on government grants and small cash income activities. The study found that the government, through the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, is trying to improve rural households’ energy use by constructing firewood outlets. The study concluded that there is a high level of illegal trade in firewood that will require government to increase the number of staff in the region as well as to strengthen its policy on cross-border trading. There is an imbalance in fuel species use in areas of rich biomass and over-utilization of resources in degraded areas. These require the Directorate of Forestry to educate the community about the value of other possible fuel species and the impact of harvesting live firewood on households’ livelihood and on the environment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Houtskaarsheid bly die grootste uitdaging vir baie landelike huishoudings, wat nog steeds staatmaak op natuurlike hulpbronne vir energie behoeftes. Hierdie studie het gepoog om die verhouding tussen brandstof gebruik en kwaliteit en kwantiteit van brandstof in twee plattelandse dorpies (Ongulumbashe en Onaitembu) in die Omusati-streek van Namibië te ondersoek. Die impak van brandstof kwaliteit en kwantiteit en verkope van brandhout op huishoudings se energie gebruik is ondersoek. Data is ingesamel in April en Junie 2012 in die twee dorpe deur middel van vraelys opnames, biomassa assessering en laboratorium ontledings. Onderhoude is gevoer met 77 huishoudings, vier brandhoutverkopers, regeringsamptenare, en plaaslike leiers. Die studie het die hoeveelheid vuurmaakhout verbruik en versamel per huishouding per week gekwantifiseer deur gebruik te maak van gebruikergeheue en fisiese meting van vuurmaakhout. Die mees gewilde brandstof spesies of brandstof materiaal is geïdentifiseer en hul fisiese eienskappe, kaloriewaarde, voginhoud, asinhoud en digtheid is onder laboratorium toestand gemeet. Verskille tussen die twee dorpe in terme van brandhout versamel en verbruik is gevind. As gevolg van houtskaarsheid gebruik huishoudings in ONA ander alternatiewe energiebronne, soos om brandhout te koop of om vars hout te saag, in plaas van om dooie hout te versamel. Die studie het ‘n skakel gevind tussen brandhout gebruik en die gehalte en hoeveelheid wat beskikbaar is. Huishoudings het hulle brandhout verbruik aangepas by die seisoen, aanvraag en beskikbaarheid van brandhout. Die gemiddelde weeklikse brandhout verbruik per huishouding het gewissel tussen 66 kg tot 79 kg vir 'n area met ‘n oorvloed van brandhout en 59 kg tot 67 kg vir 'n gebied met 'n tekort aan brandhout. Mopanie was die mees gewilde spesie as gevolg van sy besikibaarheid en vermoë om doeltreffendheid te brand. Houtskaarstes beinvloed huishoudings op ekonomies, kulturele en voedings vlakk. De studie het bevind dat huishoudings in ’n area met ‘n houtskaarste gemiddeld N$50 per week spandeer om brandhout te koop en dat baie huishoudings afhanklik is van staatstoelaes en klein kontant inkomste-aktiwiteite. Die studie het gevind dat die regering, deur middel van die Ministerie van Landbou, Water en Bosbou, probeer om landelike huishoudings se energie gebruik te verbeter deur die bou van brandhout afsetpunte. Die studie het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat daar 'n hoë vlak van onwettige handel in brandhout is wat sal vereis dat die regering die aantal amptenare in die streek moet vermeerder en sy beleid rakende handel oor landsgrense heen moet verbeter. Daar is 'n wanbalans in die gebruik van brandstofspesies in 'n gebied met baie biomassa, en oorbenutting van hulpbronne in gedegradeerde gebiede. Die Direktoraat van Bosbou moet die gemeenskape oplei oor die waarde van ander moontlike brandstofspesies en die impak van die oes van lewendige bome op huishoudings se lewensbestaan en op die omgewing.
Tu, Tina. "New Zealand household debt is it too high? a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business (MBus), 2008 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/478.
Mengistie. "Essays on Health-Related Problems and Consequences on Household Economic Outcomes in Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1216234.
Cloutier, Martin. "Households' expenditure patterns and income distribution in the Canadian agriculture and food industries : an input-output analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69544.
The superiority of Model 2 was empirically demonstrated by comparing the economic indicators generated by the models. The indicators of interest were industrial output, GDP at factor cost and the number of paid jobs. A sensitivity analysis investigated the impact of changes in wages and salaries and final demand on the models. Larger differences were found between the models when wages and salaries were stimulated. As hypothesized, Model 1 underestimated the contribution of the lowest wages and salaries group by 19.9 percent and overestimated the impact of the higher wages and salaries group by 19 percent. A $1 million increase in the final demand for agricultural, agri-food and petrochemical products was also simulated. The largest impacts on industrial output occurred when agricultural production was shocked ( $3.8 million). This was followed by agri-food products ($3.2 million) and petrochemical products ( $2.7 million). While differences in the models' estimates were minimal when changes in final demand were simulated, Model 2 generated additional information on the distribution of income.
In conclusion, the results generated by the I-O model with the disaggregated household sector, Model 2, were consistent with budget data and economic theory.
Hurth, Victoria Mary Francis. "Factors influencing environmentally-significant consumption by higher-income households : a multi-method study of South Devon for social marketing application." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4025.
Ostheimer, Silva Elena, and Verena Unger. "Nudge Me if You Can : Social Nudging to Reduce Water Consumption in Private Households on the Island of Gotland, Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447694.
Poruschi, Lavinia. "Tensions between urban life, disadvantage, energy consumption and the transition to renewable energy for Australian households: A series of essays." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/386070.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Druckman, Angela. "A socio-economically disaggregated approach to accounting for the resource use and emissions attributable to UK households from the consumption perspective." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493042.
Volkaitė, Justina, and Gintarė Žebrauskytė. "Lietuvos namų ūkių disponuojamų pajamų analizė ir perspektyvos." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100903_001618-09221.
In this bachelor‘s paper are analyzed average monthly disposable income per inhabitant of Lithuania‘s households and estimated perspecitives of this income. In the theoretical part of this bachelor‘s paper is analyzed the concept of income, the sources of income and classification. There are also presented two main functions of disposable income (consumption and saving) and factors influencing the changes of disposable income. In the empirical part of this work paper is analyzed dynamics and structure of Lithuania‘s households average monthly disposable income per inhabitant. To determine the factors that led to such disposable income changes, there is conducted the dependence between household disposable income per inhabitant and economic factors such as the gross domestic product per capita, the unemployment rate and average anually infliation rate. There is performed forecasting of the Lithuanian household member‘s average monthly disposable income, after the factors, which led to the disposable income changes, were determined and basing on their changes.